TWO-LAYER OPTIMIZED RAILWAY MONITORING

SYSTEM USING WI-FI AND ZIGBEE INTERFACED

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

ABSTRACT

In this project, a two-layer optimized railway monitoring system using

Wi-Fi and ZigBee interfaced wireless sensor network has been proposed for
optimized bandwidth and power requirements. In the proposed network, a two-
layer structure i.e. wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless personal
area network (WPAN) of wireless sensor network (WSN) is implemented and
analyzed. The two-layer structure is implemented to reduce the unbalance load
on gateway sensor node and intermediate wireless sensor nodes. In the first
layer of proposed architecture, WPAN is designed using ZigBee due to its low
power consumption and the second layer WLAN is designed using Wi-Fi due to
high data rate. The proposed architecture has provided reduced power that is
less than the half of the purely Wi-Fi based network still maintaining the
bandwidth requirements.
For low bandwidth communication, ZigBee devices perform better while
Wi-Fi devices are suitable candidates for higher bandwidth. Power requirement
of Wi-Fi node is much higher as compared to ZigBee devices.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
TRANSMITTER SECTION

LCD

ULTRASONIC
SENSOR
UART

PIC
SPEED SENSOR MICROCONTROLLER

ZIGBEE TX

LOAD SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY
RECEIVER SECTION

LCD

UART
MICROCONTROLLER WiFi
UNIT

ZIGBEE RX

POWER SUPPLY
EXISTING SYSTEM

 Maximum WLAN stations that are controlled by WLAN server is 33 as

described previously

PROPOSED SYSTEM

 In our proposed work, the trans-receiver module is a ZigBee module.

This ZigBee module along with sensors, memory and microcontroller in
combined form is considered as a single ZigBee node.
 In the proposed Wi-Fi-ZigBee two-layer architecture, more devices are
required. So, the initial cost is higher but it consumes very less power as
compared to purely Wi-Fi based WSN.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
 SPEED SENSOR
 LOAD SENSOR
 PIC16F877A
 LCD
 STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER
 WSN

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

 MPLAB IDE
 EMBEDDED C