An Introduction of English Linguistic

By Rengga Burhan Sanjaya, Taufiq, Yudith Rahman Saputra, and Yunda Septario Virgo

1.Phonetics vs phonology
Phonetics deals with the production of speech sounds by humans, often without prior
knowledge of the language being spoken. Phonology is about patterns of sounds, especially
different patterns of sounds in different languages, or within each language, different patterns
of sounds in different positions in words.
So i conclude that id phonetics the production of speech souns, and phonology can be
differenciate about patterns of sounds. Both case above are have the correlation each other.
2.Likewise, “h” is the distinguishing phoneme in “him.” A phone is any unit of sound in
English. It need not change the meaning of a word if replaced. An allophone is a variety of a
phoneme, pronounced slightly differently to other varieties but having the same outcome and
representing the same thing.
noun. Linguistics A predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme. For example, the aspirated t of
top, the unaspirated t of stop, and the tt (pronounced as a flap) of batter are allophones of the
English phoneme /t/. or Allophone Canadian A person whose native language is other than
French or English.

-Allophones are variations of phonemes. So, they are set of possible spoken sounds used to
prounounce one single phoneme. e.g. [pʰ] (as in pin) and [p] (as in spin) are allophones of the
phoneme /p/. They are written in brackets.

- A phone is a unit of speech sound. It may refer to any speech sound or gesture without regard
of its place in phonology of a language. A phoneme is a set of phones or a set of sound
features that are thought of as the same element within the phonology of a particular language.

3.In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words or phrases in a particular language, spoken or
signed, that differ in only one phonological element, such as a phoneme, toneme or chroneme,
and have distinct meanings. They are used to demonstrate that two phones are two separate
phonemes in the language.

4.Minimal pairs in sign language (ASL)

In phonology, minimal pairs are pairs of words in a language that differ in only one
phonological unit such as a phoneme (spoken language) or a prime (signed language).
5.In this type of exam, we have to match the two words that go together.

When there are two groups of words you put together one word from each group.

Sometimes you make collocations, e.g. verb + noun: make + friends, do + your homework, etc.

Sometimes you make compound nouns, e.g. extreme sports: snow + boarding, wind +
surfing, mountain + biking, etc.

Sometimes you put a verb or adjective with a preposition, e.g. listen + to, look + at, agree +
with, good + at, interested + in, etc.

Always start with the words you know go together.

If you don’t know which words go together, guess. You may be right.

Check your answers carefully when you finish.