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    237 views33 pages

    THH1 De-01

    Uploaded by

    Quyền Vũ
    tuhochoa1

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    tu hoc hoa 100 bai tap Cau tao chat KEM - Tap cht Olympiad Héa hoc LOI MG BAU Guy déc gid than mén, trong qua tinh bign dich 48 thi Olympiad quéc #8 (IchO) va cia cae quéc gia khac, ching #6i nhén thay co su chénh léch tuong déi lon vé sy cp nhat kién thoc jrong cc 42 thi ca Viét Nam va thé gidi. Nh&m dap Gng nhu cdu cba giao vién va hoc sinh chuyén trong viéc tiép cn véi nhng nguén kién thc héa hoc hién dai hen, ban bién tap tap chi KEM da bién sogn bé {ai ligu Ty hoc Hoa [ma: THH18), duge chia thanh 9 tuyén tp gém: 1) Cu tao chat; 2) V6 ca; 3) Nhiét déng; 4) Bdng hoe; 5) Phén fich - Bién hda; 6) Co ché phan Gng; 7) Tong hop Hau co; 8) Xac dinh cau tric hop chat hu co; 9) Tuyén tap dé thi th HSGGG- OlympiaVN (tir nam 2017 dé déi #én thanh OCC - OlympiaVN Chemistry Challenge). NGi dung ca méi quyén sach trong fuyén tap nay IG 100 bai tap (kém Idi gidi chi fiéi) dude chon loc ty cc fai liéu ding cho béi duéng hoc sinh dy thi Olympiad ca Trung Quéc, Nga va cac bai gidng Advanced Chemistry 1U nhigu trudng Dai hoc hang dau nuéc My. Do sy chuén bi gdp rit va mét s6 han ché trong viéc dich thuét (si: dung nhiéu nguén tai liu ngoai tiéng Anh) nén c6 thé van cn nhing [Si sai hodic thiéu sot. Mong quy dc gid quan tam c6 thé gti phan hdi va dia chi: tapchikem@gmail.com. Chan thanh cam on. Muc luc Anh sing va vit chit - Nang lrgng vi hat. Bi 1 - Ank sing va vit chi Bai 2 - Bae xa dign tir... Bai 3 - Song Bai 4 - Higu dng quang die: Bai 5 - Higu img quang die Bai 6 - Nang hong ion hia. Bai 7 - Cong thitc de Broglie... Bai 8 - Cong thie de Brogtie.. Bai 9- Dong ning va dong hmong Bai 10 - Céng thite Rydberg cho nguyén tir hydrogen. 28, Bai 11 = 86 s6ng os . : 30 Bai 12 - Phé hydrogen . : i aI Bai 13 - Ph cita hydrogen 33 Bai 14 - Phé cita nguyén tit hydrogen.. Cfu hinh electron. Bai 15 - Cic sé hnong tit 3 - 38 Bai 16 - Nguyén ti ahiéu electron Bai 17 - Nguyén tr nhiéu electron Bai 18 - Céu inh electron Bai 19 - Ning ingng lién két electron. Bai 20 - Nang hrong ion 6. Bai 21 - Phuong phép Slater Bai 22 - Phuong phap Slater... Bai 23 - Nang nong ion h6s nh chit trong bang tun hoan.. Bai 25 - Bang tuan hoan mdi (1).. 50, Bai 26 - Bang min hodn méi (2), 52 Bai 27 - Bang min hoan méi (3), 54 Bai 28 - Bang twin hon méi (4) 56 Héa hoc hat nhan. Bai 29 - Héa hoc hat nhin, 60 Bai 30 - Phan ra ph6ng xa. 62 Bai 31 - Héa hoc hat nha, 64 Bai 32 - Héa hoc hat aban. Bai 33 - Phan ri phéng x: Bai 33 - Phan ra phong x Bai 34 - Phan ra phéng xa... Bai 35 - Phin ri phong x Bai 36 - Phan ra phong xa. Bai 37 — Phan ra phong xa.. Bai 39 - Phan rd phéng x Bai 40 - Phan ting hat nan trén m&t trai 85 ‘Cau trée phan tit - Thuyét MO .... Bai 41 ~ Lue lign két 87 Bai 42 - Nang hnong lign ket... Be Pe. i88 Bai 43 - Nang long lién kat 89 Bai 44- Moment quain tinh... ‘ ! “3 90 Bai 45 - Cau trie phin ti Bai 46 - Thuyét VSEPR_ Bai 47 - Thuyét VSEPR.. Bai 48 - Thuyét VSEPR.. Bai 49 - Thuyét VSEPR.. Bai 50 - Thuyét VSEPR.. Bai SI - Su lai hoa. Bai 52 - Cau trie phan ti Bai 53 - Thuyét MO.... Bai 54 - Thuyét MO... Bai 55 - Thuyét MO. 108 Bai 56 - Thuyét MO. 109 Bai 57 - Thuyét MO, 0 Bai 58 - Thuyét MO. 12 Bai 59 - Thuyét MO. 14 Bai 60 - Thuyét MO. 7 Bai 61 - Bac lign két 123 Bai 63 - Bac lign két. . Error! Bookmark not defined, Bai 64 - Bac lién két Bai 65 - Bac lign két Bai 66 - Bac lign két Bai 67 - Bac lién ke Bai 68 - Thuyét MO. Bai 69 - Ning huong ion hoa phan ti. 6a WI gMg EHP osessseseseene Bai 70 - Hap thé mot chiéu 1B Bai 71 - Hop thé mgt chiéu Bai 72 - Héa hoc Inong tt kha kién.. Bai 72 - Hép thé mét chién...... Bi e141 Bai 73 - Hap thé mit chido 145 Bai 74 Hop thé mit chido. : 4 : 146 Bai 75 - Hép the m@t chit ‘Tinh thé, Bai 76 - Céu tric hai chiéu ‘Bai 77 - Tinh thé kim loai Bai 78 - Tinh thé kim loai Bai 79 - Tinh thé planti Bai 80 - Tinh thé nhOm Bai 81 - Tinh thé silicon. Bai 82 - Tinh thé titanium Bai 83 - Tinh thé titanium.. Bai 84 - Tinh thé sodium 159 Bai 85 - Tinh thé tantalum. 160 Bai 86 - Tinh thé nickel. 161 Bai 87 - Tinh thé lithium, 162 Bai 88 -Tinh thé thige xim 163 Bai 88a - Hp thu hydrogen 165 Bai 89 - Hop kim Cu-Zn 168 Bai 90 - Nhiéu xa tinh thi ‘Bai 91 - Nhiéu xa tinh thi Bai 92 - Nbiéu xa tinh thé. Bai 94 - Nhigu xa tinh thé Bai 95 - Nhiéu xa tinh thi ‘Bai 96 - Su tao thinh epitaxy.. Bai 97 - Vat ligu sieu dan. Bai 98 - Carbide kim loai Bai 99 - Cu tnic tinh thé cdc hop chat silicon 182 Bai 100 - Cau tric tinh thé. Bai 101 - Nang hrong mang lnr6i Bai 102 - Nang long mang inéi Be fs : fe ....187 Bai 103 - Nang hong mang inéi 188 Bai 110 - Cu tric tinh thé ion... . ae 189 Bai 104 - Tinh thé NaH. Bai 105 - Tinh thé ion .. . 192 Bai 111 - Cau tnie tinh the ion... Bai 106 - Céu trie tinh thé ior Bai 107 - Tinh thé oxide hén hep Bai 108 - Tinh thé ni cel oxide... Bai 109 - Tinh thé iron oxide.. Anh sang va vat chat - Nang lugng vi hat *Traénh nham lin giita ki higu cia tin s6 (v) voi van téc (v hoac v) Bai 1 - Anh sang va vat chat 1) Khi mét chim tia electron téc 46 cao duge ban vao bé mat mét mau rin thi hdy cho biét tiéu phan nao sé 1a thanh phan chinh cia tia thit cp? Giai thich co ché tao thanh cfc tiéu phan nay va sp xép cdc hat thiim do theo thit qr dam xuyén khi ban vao mau rin va néu ly do. 2) Mét laze cé ning hrong 0.4 J duoc tao ra tir céc xung bite xa trong 3.0 ns (nano gidy). Tinh céng suat do 1 xung ciia laze dé tao ra. Bai 2 - Bite xg dign tir v/ Hz so? 10" =10* = 10" =10"* 10"? 10 10" 10 10% 107 10% a Microwaves 3. Shortwave radio Radio waves X rays yrays Utraviolet 10" 10" 10"? 10 10 Cae ving bite xa dign tir. (Chi thich: radio wave = séng v6 tuyén; shortwave = song ngiin; microwave = vi s6ng: infrared \Sng ngoai; visible = kha kién; ultraviolet = tit ngoai; X-ray —tia X; y ray = tia gramma.) 1) Bie xa vi song c6 bude séng 1.0 cm. Tinh tin sé va nang long cia mét don quang tit (photon) cia bite xa nay. Tinh nang lugng cia mét sé Avogadro photon (ggi la 1 einstein) cia bite xa nay 2) Bite xa trong ving tir ngoai cia phé dign tir thong duoc mé 14 theo bude séng iva tinh theo nanometer (10 m). Tinh céc gid tri v, 9 va E ctia bite xa dién tir c6 4 200 nm 3) Bite xa trong ving héng ngoai thing duoc biéu dign theo sé séng, » Mot gid tri a dién hinh trong ving nay 14 10° em", Tinh ede gia tri v, va E cho bite xa nay. 4) Bi qua ving héng ngoai, theo huéng nang hong gidm dan, la ving vi séng. Trong vimg nay, bite xa throng duge dic tnmg béi tan s6, v, biéu dién theo don vi megahertz (MHz), trong do don vi hert (Hz) 1 1 chu ki mdi gidy. Mét tan s6 vi séng dién hinh 1a 2.0-10* MHz. Tinh céc gid ui v, 4. va E cho bite xa nay. Bai 3 - Song 1) Xét cdc séng (wave) biéu dién bite xa dién tir sau day. Séng nao c6 buée song dai hon? Tinh cae bude séng. Séng no c6 tin sé va nang hrong photon Ién hon? Tinh céc gia tri trong tg ciia song 46. Séng nao cé van téc lon hon? Xac dinh kiéu bite xa dign tit cita méi séng. 1.6 « 10° mn ——+ WVAVAVAVA Wave a Wave b 2) Mot loai bite xa dign tir (a) c6 tan s6 107.1 MHz, mét bite xa khée (b) ¢6 bude song 2.12-10 °° m va mét bite xa khéc nita (c) c6 cae photon mang ning hrgng bang 3.97-10" J/photon. Cho biét méi bite xa thudc loai nao? Sip xép chting theo thit tr ting din nang Inong photon va ting dan tan sé. 3) Khi bi dét néng, lithium bite xa 4nh sing mau 46, c6 bude s6ng 4. = 670.8nm, trong img voi bude chuyén tir cu hinh electron (1s)°(2p)! > (1s)*(2s)'. Tinh tan sé, s6 séng va nang luong theo kJ mol" cia anh sang 46. i Bai 4 - Higu eng quang dign Higu img quang dién 1a hién trong ma céc electron bi bitt ra khéi bé mat cia mét kim loai khi Anh sang chiéu vao. Anh sang phai c6 mét tin sé (ning long) ti thiéu dé loai bé cdc electron hi bé mat kim loai. Anh sang c6 tan s6 dui cwe tiéu thi khéng cé electron nao bj bit ra, trong hi 6 nh sang cé tan sé bing hode cao hon eve tiéu thi gay ra hién trong quang dién. Véi anh sing 6 tn sé cao hon eve tiéu, ning hrgng dw thita dutge chuyén thanh déng ning cia electron thoat ra 1) Cong thoat cia mét nguyén t6 14 nang hrong can dé loai | electron tit bé mat rin. Céng thoat cia lithium la 279.7 kJ/mol (nghia 1A n6 can 279.7 kJ nang long é loai 1 mol electron khéi 1 mol nguyén tir Li én bé mat kim loai Li.) Tinh bude séng cuc dai ciia anh séng c6 thé loai 1 electron khoi bé mat kim loai lithium. 2) Can 208.4 kJ ning long dé tach | mol electron khéi céc nguyén ti trén bé mat kim loai rubidium. Néu kim loai rubidium duoc chiéu xa béi anh sang 254 nm, tinh déng nang ewe dai ma electron giai phéng 6 thé 6. 3) Tan sé nguéng cia kim loai potasium la 5.464:10" st, Néu sit dung kim loai nay lam cathode quang dién thi khi chiéu anh sng tir ngoai 300 nm vao pin quang dign thi téc dé cuc dai ciia quang dién ti 1a bao nhigu? 4) Biét cong thoat ($) ctia chromium 1a 4.40 eV. Tinh déng nang cia electron thoat ra tit bé mat chromium duoc chiéu xa béi bite xa tir ngoai cé bude séng 200 nm. 5) Khi mét bé mat bac sach duc chiéu xa béi Anh sang cé bude song 230 mm, dong ning cia electron bitt ra 1A 0.805 eV. Tinh cong thoat va tan sé ngwéng cia bac. 14 Bai 5 - Higu dng quang dign *Dong ning cé thé duoc ki higu ld Ey hode KE (kinetic energy): 1) Dui day 1a cdc dit kién the nghiém vé higu ‘mg quang dién cia kim loai sodium bude song A, nm 312.5 305.0 | 404.7 546.1 Déng nang eve dai ctia quang | 3.41 2.56 1.95 0.75 dign tit E,,10 Dung 46 thi dong ning - tn sd va qua a6 xae dinh bing s6 Planck (h), cOng thodt (W) va tn sé ngwténg (v, ) cia kim loi, 2) Dudi day 14 mét sé dit kién vé ddng nang ciia electron thoat ra duéi dang ham sé cia bude sng ciia anh sing tdi trong th nghigm vé higu tng quang dign cia sodium: Nom 100 = 200 300 400 500 KEV | 10.1 94 188 (0.842 22 Xay dumg d6 thj tir cdc dit kign nay thanh m6t dwéng thing, tinh hing s6 Planck tir 46 doc (g6c nghiéng) cia dung thang va céng thoat 6. 7 Bai 6 - Nang lwgng ion hoa Qué trinh ion héa mét nguyén tir hydrogen 6 trang thai co ban cin 2.179108 J nang Irong. Be mat mat tri c6 nhigt 49 kho’ng 6000 K va duge tao thanh, mét phan, 1a béi hydrogen nguyén tir. Hydrogen tén tai 6 dang H(g) hay H*(g)? 20 Bai 7 - Céng thite de Bros Anh sing, trrée day vén duoc xem 14 c6 tinh chat séng thuan tiy, 44 diroe phat hién 1 c6 nhitng dac tung cu thé cia hat. Vay diéu nguoc lai cé ding khéng? Nghia la, cdc vt chat throng duge xem Ia hat c6 thé hign tinh chat séng khong? Cau héi nay nay sinh vao dau th§p nién 1920 boi nha Vat Ii tré ngudi Phap Louis de Broglie, ngwoi 44 dan ra phuong trinh sau vé méi lién hé gitta burde séng cia mot hat véi déng lug p (bidt p = mv): &= "= (phuong tinh de Broglie.) pomv 1) Tinh bude séng de Broglie trong méi trréng hgp sau: a, M6t electron di chuyén véi toc d6 bang 10 % téc dé anh sang. b. Mét qua béng tennis (55 gram) di chuyén véi téc 46 80 dam/gid (hay 35 m/s.) 2) Nhiéu xa neutron duge ding dé xac dinh cau tric cia céc phan tit. Khoi long mdi neutron bing 1.675-1077 kg, a. Tinh bude séng de Broglie ciia m6t neutron di chuyén véi téc 46 bing 1.00 % téc d6 anh sing. b. Tinh téc d6 cia neutron véi bude séng 75 pm (1 pm = 10"? m.) 3) Mét nguyén ti (atom) cita nguyén té chwa biét di chuyén voi téc dd bing 1 % téc d6 anh sing, Bude song de Broglie do duge la 3.31-10° m. Xae dinh nguyén t6. 21 Bai 8 - Céng thite de Bro, 1) Tinh tan sé cia bude s6ng de Broglie véi eée vi hat sau: a, Neutron c6 déng nang 0.1 eV. b, Electron ty do véi dgng ning 300 eV 2) Tinh (a) buée song va déng ning ciia mét electron trong chim electron doe gia tée béi higu dign thé 100 V va b) dong nang ciia mét electron c6 bude séng de Broglie 200 pm. 3) Anh nhiéu xa cia mét hop chat duoc chup bang kinh hién vi dign ti truyén qua véi dién 4p gia téc 200 kV. Tinh buée s6ng ctia chim dign tit gia téc. 4) Dong electron chuyén doi qua hiéu dign thé U c6 d6 dai s6ng 1a 6.1 pm. Tinh U. 5) Mét trong nhitng Ki thuat hién dai higu qua nhat 4é nghién citu cau tic 1 nhiéu xa neutron. Ki thudt nay lién quan dén viée tao thinh mét chim neutron chuan tre & mgt nhiét 45 cu thé tir nguon neutron nang hrong cao va dirgc thuc hién & mét s6 nha may gia téc trén khap thé gidi. Néu toc d6 cia neutron duge cho béi céng thite vs = (3keT/m)'?, trong d6: m la khdi Inong neutron (1.67-1077 kg); kp = 1.381-107 J K™ a hing s6 Bontzmann (bang hing s6 khi R chia cho sé Avogadro). Tinh nhiét 46 T can dé cac neutron cé bude séng de Broglie bang 50 pm. Bai 9 - Dong ning va déng lngng Déng nang cia phan tirlign hé v6i nhiét d6 T boi hé thie: E= Sar G day kp = 1387-1073 J.K™ la hang s6 Boltzmann; T Ia nhiét 46 K. a) Hay tinh déng nang efia nguyén tr calcium thoat ra khdi 10 6 nhigt 46 600°C va tr 46 tinh dong lwong (p = mv) theo don vi kg.m.s"; va van téc (theo m.s“) cia mét nguyén tir calcium (2 Ca) c6 nguyén tit khdi 1a 39.96. b) Céc nguyén tit calcium bi cuén vio mét cai bay, ¢ d6 chimg bi quang ion héa do bi ban pha bai tia laze c6 bude s6ng 2, = 396,96 nm. Hay tinh tan s6 v (theo Hz), ning Itong (theo J), dng hrgng p (theo kg.m.s") cita m6t photon (tia laze) e6 buée s6ng trén. ©) Tinh momen déng Iwong obitan (M = fyM(I+1) , trong &6 114 s6 Inong tir phy) va moment dong legng spin (M, = Infs(s+1) v6i sé hong tit spin m, = +s) cita electron trong ion Ca” & h — la hing s6 Planck riit gon. trang thai co ban. Cho biét 5 ya d) Khi hap thy bite xa véi bude séng 396,96 nm thi nguyén tir calcium chuyén lén trang théi kich thich img véi mite nang lrong cao thir nhat, cdn hap thu bite xa véi bude s6ng 393,48 nm thi nguyén ti chuyén 1én mite nang long cao thit hai, Hay tinh bude s6ng cia photon phat ra khi nguyén tir calcium chuyén tit mite nang lngng cao thit hai vé mite nang Itong cao th nha 26 Bai 10 - Céng thie Rydberg cho nguyén tir hydrogen Céng thite Rydberg duoc ding trong vat If nguyén tir dé mé ta cde birée sng cha cée vach phd trong cdc nguyén t6 héa hoc. Céng thire nay duoc nha Vat lf Thuy Dién Johannes Rydberg cng bé vao ngay 5/11/1888. } em (n, >n,) ‘Trong d6 2. la buée s6ng cia bite xa dign tit (trong chan khong); § Rydberg; nny va np Ia céc s6 nguyén trong tng véi céc sé Inong tit chinh cita cc orbital bi chiém trade va sau “bude nhay long tir”, : : : eoet ‘ ' + es $ Lyman 1 2.3, 4, Lyman Balmer Paschen Balmer 2 3, 4.5. Pashia 3 4S6 ~ ba SU a Bracket 4 5. 6, 7, Visible Infrared ién cae day khéc nhau trong phd nguyén tir hydrogen. lay Balmer 6 ving kha kién [visible]; cn diy Mét gian dé biéu (Day Lyman nim 6 ving tir ngoai [ultraviolet Paschen va Bracket 6 ving héng ngoai [infrared].) 1) Sir dung cng thite Rydberg, hiiy tinh bude s6ng 3 vach dau tién cia day Lyman. 2) Mét vach trong day Lyman cia nguyén tit hydrogen c6 bude séng 1.03107 m, Tim mite nang long ban dau ctia electron. 3) Mot nguyén tit hydrogen & trang thai co ban hap thy mét photon e6 bude séng 97.2 nm. Sau 46 n6 phat 1a mét photon c6 bude séng 486 nm. Xac dinh trang théi [mire nang lgng] cudi cia nguyén tir hydrogen, 28 Bai 11 - S6 song Buc s6ng ciia 4 vach lién nhau trong phé kha kién ciia nguyén ti hydrogen ln hrot la: 656.47, 486.27, 434.17 va 410.29 nm. Sé séng ciia méi vach duc chuyén déi ton hoc thanh biéu thitce sau: } . Xac dinh hang sé R va cdc s6 nguyén m, no. 30 Bai 12 - Phé hydrogen Trong mét thi nghiém, ngwéi ta ghi duoc phé phat xa (phé vach) déi véi mot ion giéng hydrogen (chi chita m6t electron) & phase khi. Cc vach phé ciia ion khao sat durgc biéu dién theo hinh phd 5 dui day: — Wavelength —— ‘Tat cd cée vach phé thu durge déu dic trmng cho cae birée chuyén tir trang thai kich thich vé trang thai tng véi n=3. Can cit vao céc dit kién da cho, hay: a) Cho biét bude chuyén electron nao img véi vach A va vach B ghi trén pho 46? b) Gia sit 46 dai bude song (wavelength) 2 = 142,5 nm tng voi vach B. Tinh 49 dai bude song cho vach A theo nm. 31 Bai 13 - Phé cata hydrogen a) Tn sé celia cée vach phé thude day Lyman (buée chuyén electron tx n >I vé n=1) cia nguyén tir hydro Lin lugt 1a 2.466; 2.923; 3.083; 3.157; 3.197; 3.221; va 3.237 «10'S Hz. Dua vao cdc gid ti nay hay xe dinh ning Iwong ion héa cia nguyén tir hydrogen. b) Tinh ning luong ion héa thir nhat (kJ/mol) ctia cdc nguyén ti selenium, biét khi chiéu cham sang don sic c6 buée séng 48.2 nm vio céc nguyén tir selenium 6 trang thai co ban va & thé khi thi tao ra chitm electron 6 van téc 2.371 10° m/s. Biét khdi lung cita 1 electron bing 9.109 107! kg, 33 Bai 14 - Phé cia nguyén tir hydrogen Voi nguyén tir hydrogen: a b) ©) Tinh bude s6ng cia cde vach phé tao thinh béi sw chuyén tir trang thai kich thich thi 1 va trang thai kich thich thir 6 vé trang thai co ban 48 gidi thich day vach chta chting va ving phé ching thuée vé. Cae photon duoc tao ra béi hai vach wén c6 thé gay ra (i) sw ion héa nguyén ti hydrogen Khe 6 trang thai co ban hay khéng? (ii) sw ion héa cae nguyén ti dng trong kim loai déng hay khéng (cho biét céng thoat cau dong 1a 7.44-10° J)? Néu céch photon tir hai vach phé trén c6 thé kich thich céc electron trong tinh thé kim loai déng, hay tinh bude séng cia quang dién tt (photoelectron) bite xa ty bé mat tinh thé kim loai déng. Cau hinh electron Bai 15 - Cac s6 luong tir 1) Nhiing b6 sé long tw nao sau day khng théa min? V6i cdc b6 sé Iwong tir khong chinh xéc, hay sita lai cho ding, a) n=3,1=3,m=2. b) n=4,1=3,m=4, c) n=0,1=0,m=0. d) n=2, -i,m 2) Nhitng bé sé ong tir nao sau day khéng théa man? Voi céc bé sé hong tit khong chinh xdc, hay sita lai cho ding, 1= 3, m=0, m= -1/2 b) n=4,1=3,m=2,m=-1/2 a) n co) n=4,1= sm = 1, me +1/2 1 e) n=5,1=-4,m=2, m,=+1/2 d) n=2,1=1,m=-1, mg f) n=3,1=1,m=2,m=-1/2 3) Sap xép cae electron c6 sé Inong ti n, 1, m, s trong ing véi nhitng trxdng hop sau theo thir ty nang long giam dan: A (2,1, 1, +1/2) B (1, 0,0, -1/2) C (4, 1, -1, +172) D (4, 2, -1,+1/2) E (3, 2, -1, +1/2) F (4,0,0, +1/2) G (2, 1,-1, +1/2) H (3, 1, 0, +1/2) 38 Bai 16 - Nguyén tir nhiéu electron Tinh s6 electron cure dai trong nguyén tit théa man céc bé sé hong tir sau: n=4 rrr mp eo oe 40 Bai 17 - Nguyén tir nhiéu electron Viét cau hinh electron trang thai co ban cia: 1) Nguyén t6 c6 1 electron Sp chua ghép c&p, c6 thé tao thanh hop chat céng héa ti véi fluorine. 2) Khi hiém véi céc electron chiém orbital 4f. 3) Nguyén t6 kiém thé sau radium (chwa duoc phat hién). 4) Kim loai chuyén tiép chu ki dau tin nhiéu electron chua ghép cap nhat. 41 Bai 18 - Cau hinh electron Hay giai thich vi sao: a) Trong cdc hop chat magnesium t6n tai 6 dang Mg* nhumg khéng tén tai 6 dang Mg*, mac di ddi voi nguyén ti Mg, nang lwong ion hod thi hai (15.035 eV) lén gan gap déi ning Inong ion hod thir nhat (7.646 eV)? b) Ti(Z= 22) tao duge cae ion ¢6 dign tich khée nhau: +2, +3, +4, trong 46 ion Ti(M) va Ti(IL) déu c6 mau, cdn Ti(IV) khong? 2 Bai 19 - Nang hwong lién két electron Cho biét cfc gid tri nang Inong ion héa cia nguyén tir Li lan Iwot 1a Ty = 5.39 eV, b= 75.64 eV, va b= 122.45 eV. Tinh nang luong lién két electron Is ciia nguyén ti Li. Bai 20 - Nang lwong ion héa 1) a) Viét phurong trinh biéu dién qua trinh due quy wée voi gid tri TE; cita Sn. Day 1a qua trinh ta hay thu nhigt? b) Gia tri (IE; + IE2 + IEs) cia Al duge quy wée cho qué tinh téng nao? 2) 4 gid tri nang rong ion héa dau tién cita nguyén tr X 1a 403, 2633, 3900 va S080 kJ mol". Dy doan nguyén té X thuge nhém nao trong bang twin hoan. Giai thich. Bai 21 - Phuong phaip Slater Tinh 4 gid tri ning Iwong ion héa eta nguyén tir Be bing phuong phAp Slater, va xe dinh méi Lién hé gitta két qua tinh duoc véi sd oxid héa phé bién ciia Be. 46 Bai 22 - Phuong phaip Slater Sir dung edng thite v 5 Tinh ban kinh higu dung r* cita cfc orbital 3s va 2p trong nguyén tir Na va F. Trong 46 n va Z* 1a sé lwong te chinh cia orbital va dign tich hat nhan higu dung tac d6ng dén céc electron trong orbital. 47 Bai 23 - Nang lwong ion hoa Biét ring nang lvong ion héa thir nhat cia nguyén ui He 1a 1y= 24.59 eV, tinh: a) Nang long ion héa thit hai. b) Nang Itong trang thai co ban. c) Nang hrong tigt tigu ciia 2 electron trong orbital 1s, d) Cfc hang sé chin. e) Nang lrong trang thai co ban cia H tty két qua nhan duge 6 ¥ d. 48 Bién déi tinh chat trong bang tuan hoan Bai 25 - Bang tun hoan moi (1) TAt cA cc nguyén 16 trén Trai dat déu duoc xép vao bang hé théng tan hoan dé biéu dién tinh chat tun hoan ctia né Tinh chat nay 6 thé doe gidi thich bang cich sit dung hé théng bén sé Iwong tit n, 1, mi, ms. Vi du véi n = 2 sé c6 tong c6ng 4 orbital gdm | orbital 2s (I= 0, mi = 0) va 3 orbital 2p (1 = 1, m= -1, 0, 1). Gi u duge sip xép theo céch kha dé tao thanh m@t hé théng tuan hoan moi. Laic nay, bén s6 hrgng tit n, 1, m, m, van chiu anh hwéng cia tinh chat tudn hoan nhumg da theo mét quy Iuat hon toan khac. Ching han, n phai 1A mét sé nguyén duong (n > 0), 114 m6tsé nguyén bing hodc lon hon 0 nhung bé hon n (0 < 1

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