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Inquiry: Why is American college so expensive and why do we just accept the costs?
Proposed thesis: The college students should challenge the American government for a more
reasonable tuition, because without the students the college has no income, no
business.
Appel, Hannah, and Taylor, Astra. “Education with a Debt Sentence: For-Profit Colleges as
American Dream Crushers and Factories of Debt.” New Labor Forum, vol. 24, no. 1, Jan.
2015, pp. 31–36.
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=2
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The article was written a couple years back, so it is very relevant and has valuable
information. The creditability of the article is backed by the authors biographies and the
data used; the article was also located within the university’s library database as an
academic journal. The article seemed to have a biased towards the students that are
attending the colleges. In addition, the authors suggested that colleges advertise great
opportunities and results when they are really debt contributors and disastrous, “that
these corporations actually exist and are universities.” The article is suitable for my
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project because it discusses how colleges make money while students savings are being
crushed. The authors have strong opinions and make it known that they are against the
“disastrous” corporations that are our colleges and universities. The audience for the
article is directed to the public and researchers. The stakes of the article are
represented by the rising tuition costs for the college students so that the college
doesn’t suffer financially, these institutions are businesses too. Furthermore, the
stakeholders of the article are colleges and the students paying the tuition, because the
colleges need money to operate which causes more students in debt because of
increasing expenses. The argument used by the author is a mixture of definition and
quality because the article builds on what is facts and suggests further definitions, it also
Brehm, Will. “Education’s Big Short: Learning Peonage in American Universities.” Globalization,
Societies & Education, vol. 17, no. 3, June 2019, pp. 296–309. https://www-tandfonline-
com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/14767724.2019.1608163
The article was recently written in 2019 making the article very current. In addition, the
article’s relevance is demonstrated threw the reports and the diverse data being backed
by a case study mentioned in the article. The author shows a slight biased towards the
students because of the increasing costs but Brehm has a curtain style of writing when
referring to the American students. For example: “The desire for education among
American youth knows no limit” and “American youth copied their peers and
examples show the author does not appear to think highly of American students, by
suggesting that American teenagers just get degrees to fit in with friends. The article is
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filled with data and different findings, but the main concentration was on the
relationship between education and the labor market. The article discusses how student
debt affects the young adults’ lives and suggests that “higher education is teaching
future generations the practices of debt peonage.” The article is very creditable because
it is an academic journal from the university’s library. In addition, this article is suitable
for my project because it provides a variety of data surrounding colleges costs changes
and how the costs are affecting the stakeholders. The stakeholders of the article are the
students taking on the student debt, while the stakes are getting a good degree without
wasting your money. The article is meant to be read by other researchers and people of
importance that can use the data to make changes. The argument for the article seems
to be fact and definition because the author suggests the theories are incorrectly
showing how much people with the degrees are making verse people without a degree.
Furthermore, the theories are incorrect because the “theories of education and the
Campos, Paul. “The Economics of American Higher Education in the New Gilded Age.” Utah Law
Review, vol. 2018, no. 4, July 2018, pp. 867–883.
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=2
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The article is relevant because it was written in the past year and because it discusses
student debt as a function of curtain factor. Furthermore, this article is suitable for my
project because it talks about student debt as a problem on its own and then discusses
the factors of student debt, which is important because my project is about college
expenses. The article is creditable because I found it in the university’s library database
as an academic journal, which makes the article highly creditable. The author seems to
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have biased towards the students that have to pay for colleges increasing tuitions cause
by government budget cuts. Moreover “student debt is a function of three factors: the
cost of higher education, the extent to which that cost is subsidized through sources
other than students and their families, and the percentage of unsubsidized revenue that
is supplied via loans rather than out-of-pocket payments.” The article will discuss the
first two factors, “while addressing the increasingly common claim that, in recent years,
higher education in America has been “defunded.”” The article’s stakes are represented
by the colleges declining support from the government so the tuition payers, the stake
holders like the students or the students’ parents, must make up the difference. The
audience of the article is meant for students and other researchers, because it goes over
important data that would be beneficial in research and be beneficial information for
students. The articles argument is quality and policy, because the article discusses that
there is a problem that needs addressed and also addresses whether this situation is
Clark, Tom, et al. “‘We Will Never Escape These Debts’: Undergraduate Experiences of
Indebtedness, Income-Contingent Loans and the Tuition Fee Rises.” Journal of Further &
Higher Education, vol. 43, no. 5, June 2019, pp. 708–721. https://www-tandfonline-
com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1080/0309877X.2017.1399202
The article is very relevant considering it was published in the past year, so its
information is current and useful. The article is recording data from European students,
so the findings and information can be useful in my project to compare the data to the
American students. The article is creditable because I found it on the university’s library
Furthermore, the article is suitable for my project because it is relevant to my topic and
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uses data that is updated and important for my research. The authors seem to have a
biased towards the students that are attending the university and how the university
affects their financial stability. Even though the article is about European college
students it mentions a policy that “required individual students to shoulder both the
their own futures.” Additionally, this article shows how American students aren’t the
only ones facing debt problems so I could use this article to compare European students
to American students’ financial struggles. The stakes for the article are shown by the
students struggling to pay for tuition and have the money affects their lives, therefore
the stakeholders are the students because they are the ones paying for the college
tuition and dealing with the aftermath. The article is based around data concerning
seeking information. The data and charts presented threw out the article suggests that
the articles argument is a mixture of quality and policy because the article states the
situation and how it affects the stakeholder, and makes you question the policies ethics,
Duggan, Michael, et al. “Can Students Catch a Break?” Journal of College Admission, no. 223,
Spring 2014, pp. 6–11.
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=b
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Being published in 2014 makes the article fairly relevant, it was written in the last 5
years, but things change fast when it comes to expenses and money. The article
examines a lot of diverse data from studies and reports on financial aid and other
factors that are considered when paying for college tuition. Furthermore, the articles
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funded aid used to reduce a student’s tuition bill, the discount is presented as a
proportion of the tuition rate.” The article was found threw google scholar and was a
reference for one of my earlier articles, so the article is very creditable. The author
seems to stick to the facts but does have a slight biased towards the programs, like
grants and financial aid, that assist students with paying college tuition. The article
discusses the information about the different aiding factors that are considered or used
when paying for college, the information goes over different studies and reports about
these aiding programs. The programs are meant to help the financially overwhelmed
students, so the stakes are whether the student will be able to attend college debt free,
whether the student qualifies for all the criteria to receive curtain assistance.
Furthermore, the students are the stakeholders, because these programs are meant to
help them, but the students must qualify for them and apply for them. Considering the
article is factual and goes over lots of data from studies, the articles audience is
researchers, policymakers, and maybe other students. The argument for the article is a
mixture of policy and definition because the article goes over different data and is
suggesting that their needs to be more considered for most financial aid programs and it
Flaster, Allyson. “Kids, College, and Capital: Parental Financial Support and College Choice.”
Research in Higher Education, vol. 59, no. 8, Dec 2018, pp. 979-1020, https://link-
springer-com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11162-018-9496-0.pdf
The article’s relevance is shown in not only the numerous studies but also in the amount
of knowledge it provides the reader. Being written in the last year makes this article
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very current because it has updated information to back the claims. The article is
creditable because I found it in the reference section of another academic journal, the
article is from a journal of it own and seems legitimate. The bias of the article is more
towards the parents and their perspective of college expenses and whether they are
helping their child pay or not. The article’s research reflects the claim that, the family
and the financial problems play a role in influencing college access for students. The
article is mainly concerned with the parents of the students, by focusing on curtain
aspects of the parents and using that data for different studies. Furthermore, the article
gathers this information to better understand the financial bond between different
parents and their children, assessing what influences their decision making when it
comes to college costs. The article states that the “parents’ financial support of their
children reflects bonds formed within the private realm of the family unit.” The article is
suitable for my project because it shows a different perspective on the topic, instead of
showing the colleges problems, it shows the families problems with paying for college.
researchers, and administrators. The articles stakeholders are the parents of the
children and the stakes are represented by the expensive demand of a college degree
and how the costs of the tuition will be paid. The argument used is quality, because the
article examines the parents thought process and whether the parents will financially
Koh, Jonathan P., et al. “The ‘Double‐Whammy’: How Cuts in State Appropriations and Federal
Pell Grants Harm Rural Community College Students and the Institutions That Serve
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Them.” New Directions for Community Colleges, vol. 2019, no. 187, Fall 2019, pp. 9–17.
https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/doi/full/10.1002/cc.20365
The article is relevant to the topic by means of discussing the several variables of public
community colleges, like the size or where it’s located, in relation to the colleges public
funding. In addition, being written in 2019 is fitting for this article because it helps justify
its relevance by providing recent studies and current challenges that will be useful
evidence. The article emphasizes the community college’s struggles but fails to mention
the other party’s side, like the govern or states that are cutting the colleges funds, which
implies that the authors have a bias towards the community colleges. Furthermore, this
is an academic journal located in the university’s library database which makes this
article highly creditable. Additionally, the article examines different studies and data
that highlights its claims of inequalities between the states and within the states at
community colleges of various sizes and geographical settings. The stakes of the article
are represented by the changing tuition and how it affects the stakeholders, the
students & the students parents paying for the community college, because the people
paying for the tuition have invested their time and money into the college. The article
also suggests that the “state governments, the federal government, and workforce
development stakeholders want their community colleges to step up and provide the
high‐tech, high‐skill workers they need.” Moreover, the article is meant for an audience
who will understand the data, like state officials or students doing research, the article
isn’t meant for the public because it’s a research paper. The argument used is a policy
because the article states the serval issues that community colleges face and implies
that the situation at hand needs something done about it. Considering the article not
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only talks about increasing tuition, but also has data and evidence to back the claims,
Thelin, John R. “Missions Impossible: Prospects and Planning in American Higher Education.”
Society, vol. 55, no. 6, Dec. 2018, pp. 556–559. https://link-springer-
com.pallas2.tcl.sc.edu/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs12115-018-0308-0.pdf
The article was written in 2018 so the information and the data provided is very current
and useful. Furthermore, the article is relevant by examining several books to show
divergent perspectives on rising college costs. The article’s bias is towards the different
perspectives discussed in the article, because the author doesn’t necessarily favor the
colleges. I found the article in the university’s library as an academic journal, so the
article is very creditable and a good source for the project. The article is suitable for my
project because its not only is relevant, but it is also demonstrating the different
perspectives on the rising costs of college tuition. The perspectives all have different
opinions, so the stakes are represented by which perspective is favored most and used
the most, which makes the stakeholders the different book authors of the books that
are discussed in the article. Furthermore, by using “recent excellent books are useful for
researchers and policymakers to improve their view on the subject and to stay
informed. The argument presented in the article is a mixture of fact and definition
because it states the common knowledge but also introduces new and different