THE HINDU

A battle lost?
T.R. Zeliang’s exit as Nagaland CM must not scotch the promise of a women’s quota
23rd Feb 2017

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Going against the status quo (वर्तमान स्थितर्) to take a progressive decision is always a difficult endeavour (प्रयत्न
करना) in politics or in government. Such decisions yield (उत्पन्न करना) enthusiastic support from those in favour of

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change; at the same time, they invite strong responses from reactionary sections (प्रतर्क्रियावादी वर्गों). The right thing
to do for any politician seeking to embark (प्रारम्भ करना) on change is to not give in to resistance (ववरोध) after making
the decision. T.R. Zeliang, who recently stepped down as the Chief Minister of Nagaland, had taken the bold decision
to conduct long-pending urban local body elections on February 1 with 33% reservation for women in accordance
with (के अनस
ु ार) the 74th Amendment to the Constitution. The move, predictably (जाहिर), resulted in strong

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opposition from tribal groups who sought to use the issue of Naga autonomy (थवत्व अधधकार) as a ploy to resist (चाल
का ववरोध करने के ललए) it. Mr. Zeliang should have stuck to his government’s order and sought more public
acceptance by rallying (समितन जुटाने में जट
ु ) the many in favour — in particular, Naga women who would have finally
got their constitutionally mandated (आज्ञापत्र हदया जाया) stake in local governance. Instead, he chose to take a U-turn
and termed the implementation of the decision as “null and void”, emboldening (प्रोत्साहिर् करना) tribal organisations
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to demand his resignation. Following a series of agitations by two tribal groups, the Joint Coordination Committee
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and the Nagaland Tribes Action Committee, Mr. Zeliang finally resigned, but not before some drama was played out
in the ruling Naga People’s Front.

It was clear that Mr. Zeliang was being pressured to resign not just by status quoists among tribal groups but also by
his rivals in the NPF. Some legislators were seeking the return of the former Chief Minister and MP, Neiphiu Rio, who
had been suspended from the party last year on grounds of “anti-party activities”. Immediately, in what is now
becoming a routine act in Indian politics following any intra-ruling party intrigue (सास्िश), the legislators were taken
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to a resort in Kaziranga and confined there to prevent defections. Fearing a split, Mr. Zeliang resigned, and the
party’s senior leader and supremo Shurhozelie Liezietsu was nominated as the 11th Chief Minister of the State by 42
of the 49 NPF legislators. Just before Mr. Liezietsu was sworn in on Wednesday the agitation was called off by the
tribal organisations, signalling an end to this round of turmoil (कष्ट दे ना). But the NPF-led coalition (लमला जल
ु ा) under
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the leadership of Mr. Liezietsu has its task cut out. It has to clearly assert its authority as the ruling establishment in
the State. It must also focus its energies on the Naga peace process, which remains unresolved despite the reported
signing of an accord between the Centre and insurgent (ववद्रोिी) groups in 2015.

1. Quo
the existing state of affairs, particularly with regards to social or political issues. In the sociological sense, it generally
applies to maintain or change existing social structure and values.

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 2. Endeavour
an effort to do or accomplish something <the hope that this latest endeavor will yield much information about the
atmosphere of the planet>
Synonyms assay [archaic], bash [chiefly British], bid, crack, attempt, essay, fling, go, offer, pass, shot, stab, trial, try,
whack, whirl
Related Words striving, struggle, throes, undertaking; trial and error

3. Yield
an increase usually measured in money that comes from labor, business, or property <the stock's yield has increased

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over the years>
Synonyms earnings, gain(s), incoming(s), proceeds, profit, return, revenue, income
Related Words killing, windfall; salary, take-home pay, tips, wages; bankroll, capital, coffers, exchequer, finances,

ng
funds, money, pocket, pocketbook, resources, wherewithal
Near Antonyms charge, cost, disbursement, expenditures, expenses, outgo, outlay

something produced by physical or intellectual effort <wheat farmers were able to increase the yield per acre
substantially>
Synonyms affair, fruit, handiwork, labor, output, produce, production, thing, work, product
Related Words article, commodity, entry, object; goods, line, merchandise, wares; handcraft, handicraft; aftereffect,

4. Embark
Si
aftermath, conclusion, consequence, corollary, development, effect, issue, outcome, result, resultant, sequel,
sequence, upshot; by-product, derivative, offshoot, offspring, outgrowth, residual, side effect (also side reaction),
spin-off

to take the first step in (a process or course of action) <she's eager to finish college and to embark upon a career in
teaching>
t
Synonyms commence, begin (on or upon), enter (into or upon), fall (to), get off, kick off, launch, lead off, open, start,
strike (into)
ee
Related Words create, generate, inaugurate, initiate, innovate, invent, originate; adopt, embrace, take on, take up;
establish, father, found, institute, organize, pioneer, set up, spawn; get around (to), get down (to), get round (to)
Near Antonyms cease, desist, discontinue, halt, knock off, lay off, quit, stop; close, complete; abandon, forsake,
leave; abolish, demolish, destroy, exterminate, extinguish, phase out
Antonyms conclude, end, finish, terminate

5. Resistance
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a secret organization in a conquered country fighting against enemy forces <soldiers from the resistance were
captured after a skirmish outside the foreign ministry>
Synonyms underground
Related Words cabal, conspiracy

the inclination to resist <after some initial resistance, the city council warmed up to the proposed development
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plan>
Synonyms defiance, opposition
Related Words demur, objection, protest, remonstrance; compunction, misgiving, reservation; disobedience,
noncompliance, recalcitrance
Near Antonyms compliance, obedience; acceptance, approval
Antonyms acquiescence

6. Predictably
to find a basis <she has predicated her theory on recent findings by other astronomers>
Synonyms ground, hang, base, rest
Related Words establish, found; assume, postulate, premise, presume, presuppose, suppose

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 7. Autonomy
the act or power of making one's own choices or decisions <the director agreed to make the film only on the
condition that she be given complete autonomy for the casting>
Synonyms accord, free will, choice, self-determination, volition, will
Related Words election, preference, selection; bent, devices, disposition, inclination, leaning, partiality, penchant,
predilection, predisposition, proclivity, propensity, tendency; alternative, discretion, option, pick, way
Near Antonyms coercion, compulsion, constraint, duress, force, pressure

the state of being free from the control or power of another <finding the mother country's treatment of them
oppressive and intolerable, the 13 British colonies made the momentous decision to seek autonomy>

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Synonyms freedom, independence, independency, liberty, self-determination, self-governance, self-government,
sovereignty (also sovranty)
Related Words emancipation, enfranchisement, liberation, manumission, release
Near Antonyms captivity, enchainment, enslavement, immurement, imprisonment, incarceration, internment,

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subjugation
Antonyms dependence (also dependance), heteronomy, subjection, unfreedom

8. Mandated
the granting of power to perform various acts or duties <the committee has been given a mandate to reform the
process for admitting applicants to the university>

9. Emboldening
Si
Synonyms accreditation, authorization, delegation, empowerment, license (or licence), commission
Related Words commendation, consignment, entrustment; facilitation, fostering, promotion; commanding,
directing, ordering

to fill with courage or strength of purpose <his poor showing in his first swim meet just emboldened him to train
even harder>
t
Synonyms bear up, buck up, buoy (up), cheer (up), chirk (up), encourage, hearten, inspire, inspirit, steel
Related Words animate, enliven, invigorate; enforce, fortify, reinforce (also reenforce), strengthen; assure, reassure;
ee
boost, energize, excite, galvanize, provoke, quicken, rally, stimulate, stir
Near Antonyms demoralize, depress, sadden; debilitate, enfeeble, hamstring, undermine, weaken; intimidate, psych
(out)
Antonyms daunt, discourage, dishearten, dispirit

10.Intrigue
a secret plan for accomplishing evil or unlawful ends <the intrigue was quickly discovered, and the would-be
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assassins were arrested>

Synonyms conspiracy, design, plot, machination, scheme
Related Words counterconspiracy, counterplot; frame-up; manipulation, subterfuge, trickery; artifice, contrivance,
cover-up, dodge, draft, maneuver, stratagem, trick; cabal, confederacy, ring; game, gimmick, racket; ground plan,
program, strategy, system; collusion, complicity, connivance, conniving, conspiration
Ab

11.Turmoil
a disturbed or uneasy state <was in turmoil most of the night, trying to convince himself he had made the right
decision>
Synonyms disquiet, ferment, fermentation, restiveness, restlessness, Sturm und Drang, unrest, uneasiness,
unquietness
Related Words fidgets; agitation, commotion, confusion, excitement, hubbub, moil, stir, storm, trouble, tumult,
tumultuousness, turbulence, upheaval, uproar, unsettlement; disruption, perturbation; agitation, anxiety,
disquietude, inquietude, queasiness, tension, unease; anarchy, chaos, disorder, welter
Near Antonyms order, orderliness
Antonyms calm, ease, peace, peacefulness, quiet, tranquillity (or tranquility)

a state of noisy, confused activity <avoided the turmoil of the mall during the holiday season>

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Synonyms ado, alarums and excursions, ballyhoo, blather, bluster, bobbery, bother, bustle, clatter, clutter [chiefly
dialect], coil, corroboree [Australian], disturbance, do [chiefly dialect], foofaraw, fun, furor, furore, fuss, helter-
skelter, hoo-ha (also hoo-hah), hoopla, hubble-bubble, hubbub, hullabaloo, hurly, hurly-burly, hurricane, hurry,
hurry-scurry (or hurry-skurry), kerfuffle [chiefly British], moil, pandemonium, pother, row, ruckus, ruction, rumpus,
shindy, splore [Scottish], squall, stew, stir, storm, to-do, tumult, commotion, uproar, welter, whirl, williwaw, zoo
Related Words cacophony, clamor, din, howl, hue and cry, noise, outcry, racket, roar; disorder, unrest, upheaval;
eruption, flare-up, flurry, flutter, outbreak, outburst; brawl, fracas, fray, hassle, melee (also mêlée), scuffle; dither,
fever, fret, lather, tizzy
Near Antonyms calm, hush, peace, quiet, quietude, rest, stillness, tranquillity (or tranquility); order, orderliness

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12. Coalition
a group of people acting together within a larger group <rival coalitions struggling for control of the party>
Synonyms bloc, block, body, faction, party, sect, set, side, wing
Related Words splinter, split; crew, gang, pack, team; denomination, persuasion; schism, scission; caucus, movement

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an association of persons, parties, or states for mutual assistance and protection <preservationists formed a
coalition with the theater owners to preserve these historic structures>
Synonyms alliance, axis, bloc, block, confederacy, combination, combine, confederation, federation, league, union
Related Words cabal, conspiracy, junto; cartel, syndicate, trust; faction, front, fusion, side, wing; association, group,
organization; affiliation, cooperative, partnership; circuit, conference

13.Insurgent

Si
taking part in a rebellion <any insurgent soldiers will be dealt with harshly>
Synonyms rebellious, insurrectionary, mutinous, revolutionary
Related Words seditious, traitorous, treacherous, treasonous; agitating, demagogic, rabble-rousing; defiant,
disobedient, insubordinate, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, restive, ungovernable, unruly
Near Antonyms constant, devoted, loyal, staunch (also stanch), steadfast, true, true-blue; compliant, obedient,
submissive, tractable
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ee
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Ageing with dignity

We may be a young nation, but we need to gear up to meet the needs of the elderly

23rd Feb 2017

While India’s celebrated demographic dividend (जनसाांस्ययकीय ववभाजन) has for decades underpinned (नया आधार
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लर्गाना) its rapid economic progress, a countervailing (बराबर करने वाला) force may offset some of the gains from
having a relatively young population: rapid ageing at the top end of the scale. This is a cause of deep concern (धचांर्ा
करना) for policymakers as India already has the world’s second largest population of the elderly, defined as those
above 60 years of age. As this 104-million-strong cohort (सांर्गी/ सािी) continues to expand at an accelerating pace, it
will generate enormous socio-economic pressures as the demand for healthcare services and tailored (अनरू
ु प)
accommodation spikes to historically unprecedented (अभर्
ू पव
ू /त बेलमसाल) levels. It is projected that approximately
20% of Indians will be elderly by 2050, marking a dramatic jump from the current 6%. However, thus far, efforts to
develop a regime of health and social care that is attuned (लय में करना) to the shifting needs of the population have
been insufficient. While more mature economies have created multiple models for elder care, such as universal or

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widely accessible health insurance, networks of nursing homes, and palliative (नरम करनेवाला) care specialisations, it
is hard to find such systemic developments in India. Experts also caution that as the proportional size of the elderly
population expands, there is likely to be a shift in the disease patterns from communicable to non-communicable,
which itself calls for re-gearing the health-care system toward “preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative
(पुनवातलसर् करना / पव
ू त अवथिा में लाना)aspects of health”.

Advocacy and information campaigns may be necessary to redirect social attitudes toward ageing, which often do

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not help the elderly enjoy a life of stability and dignity (र्गौरव). As highlighted in ‘Uncertain Twilight’, a four-part
series in The Hindu on the welfare of senior citizens, the ground realities faced by the elderly include abandonment
(बबल्कुल छोड़ दे ना) by their families, destitution (अभावग्रथर्र्ा) and homelessness, inability to access quality health

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care, low levels of institutional support, and the loneliness and depression associated with separation from their
families. On the one hand, the traditional arrangements for the elderly in an Indian family revolve around care
provided by their children. According to the National Sample Survey Organisation’s 2004 survey, nearly 3% of
persons aged above 60 lived alone. The number of elderly living with their spouses was only 9.3%, and those living
with their children accounted for 35.6%. However, as many among the younger generation within the workforce are
left with less time, energy and willingness to care for their parents, or simply emigrate abroad and are unable to do

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so, senior citizens are increasingly having to turn to other arrangements. In the private sector, an estimated demand
for 300,000 senior housing units, valued at over $1 billion, has led to a variety of retirement communities emerging
across the country, in addition to innovations in healthcare delivery for this group. Yet the poor among the elderly
still very much depend on the government to think creatively and come up with the resources and institutions to
support their needs.
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1. Underpinned
to hold up or serve as a foundation for <the central beliefs that underpin a free society>
Synonyms bear, bolster, brace, buttress, carry, prop (up), shore (up), stay, sustain, undergird, support, uphold
Related Words steady, truss, underlie
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2. Countervailing
offset the effect of (something) by countering it with something of equal force.
Ab

3. Cohort
a person frequently seen in the company of another <if you're trying to give up drinking, your cohorts shouldn't be
confirmed party animals>
Synonyms associate, companion, compatriot, compeer, comrade, crony, fellow, hobnobber, mate, running mate
Related Words colleague, coworker, equal, peer, workmate; accomplice, affiliate, ally, collaborator, confederate,
half, partner; buddy, chum, confidant, familiar, friend, hearty, intimate, pal; countryman; classmate, housemate,
messmate, playfellow, playmate, roommate, schoolmate, shipmate, teammate; attendant, escort; hanger-on, leech,
parasite

one associated with another in wrongdoing <she and her cohorts were arrested for shoplifting>
Synonyms abettor (also abetter), accessory (also accessary), accomplice, confederate
Related Words collaborationist, collaborator, informant, informer; evidence, state's evidence; companion, comrade,
crony, henchman, partner; conspirator, plotter, traitor; gangster, mobster, racketeer

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 4. tailored
made or fitted to the needs or preferences of a specific customer <pants bought off the rack never fit me so I have to
buy tailored ones instead>
Synonyms bespoke (also bespoken), custom, customized, custom-tailored, made-to-order, custom-made, tailor-
made
Related Words particular, special, specialized; custom-built, handcrafted, handmade; made-to-measure
Antonyms mass-produced, ready-made

5. unprecedented

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not known or experienced before <this is an unprecedented request for the reference desk>
Synonyms fresh, novel, original, strange, unaccustomed, unfamiliar, unheard-of, unknown, new
Related Words innovative, unique; nontraditional, unconventional, untried, unused, unworn; pathbreaking,

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pioneering, trailblazing
Near Antonyms conventional, established, traditional, tried, tried-and-true; derivative, imitative
Antonyms familiar, hackneyed, old, time-honored, tired, warmed-over

6. attuned
to bring to a state free of conflicts, inconsistencies, or differences <after years spent in academia, he's finding it
difficult to attune himself to the corporate culture>

Si
Synonyms accommodate, harmonize, conciliate, conform, coordinate, key, reconcile
Related Words adapt, tune; blend, combine, connect, correlate, dovetail, fit, fuse, integrate, join, match, merge,
orchestrate, pair, square, suit, synchronize, synthesize, unify, unite; align (also aline), arrange, array, balance,
equalize, even, order, proportion, regularize, standardize
Near Antonyms confuse, disarray, disorder, disorganize, disrupt, disturb, skew, upset; alienate, estrange
Antonyms disharmonize
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7. palliative
ee
relieving pain without dealing with the cause of the condition.
synonyms: soothing, alleviating, sedative, calmative, calming; rarealleviative, alleviatory, lenitive, demulcent,
assuasive, mitigatory, mitigative, paregoric

8. rehabilitate
to make better in behavior or character <an organization that rehabilitates criminals so they can reenter society>
Synonyms habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate, reform
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Related Words reeducate; amend, improve, refine; cleanse, purify, restore

Near Antonyms abase, canker, corrupt, debauch, degrade, demean, demoralize, deprave, lower, pervert, poison,
profane, prostitute, subvert, warp

to make better in behavior or character <an organization that rehabilitates criminals so they can reenter society>
Synonyms habilitate, reclaim, redeem, regenerate, reform
Ab

Related Words reeducate; amend, improve, refine; cleanse, purify, restore

Near Antonyms abase, canker, corrupt, debauch, degrade, demean, demoralize, deprave, lower, pervert, poison,
profane, prostitute, subvert, warp

9. abandonment
carefree freedom from constraint <sang at the top of her lungs with complete abandonment in the shower>
Synonyms abandon, ease, lightheartedness, naturalness, spontaneity, spontaneousness, unconstraint,
uninhibitedness, unrestraint
Related Words ardor, enthusiasm, exuberance, fervor, spirit, warmth, zeal, zealotry, zealousness; carelessness,
heedlessness, impulsiveness, impulsivity, indiscretion, insouciance, recklessness, thoughtlessness; unself-
consciousness; casualness, offhandedness; excess, excessiveness, immoderacy, incontinence, indulgence,
intemperance, licentiousness, permissiveness, wantonness, wildness; blank check, carte blanche, free hand

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Near Antonyms embarrassment, reserve, reticence, self-consciousness, uneasiness; inhibition, repression, self-
restraint, suppression; carefulness, discreetness, discretion, heedfulness; discipline, self-command, self-control, self-
denial, self-discipline, self-mastery, willpower
Antonyms constraint, restraint

10.destitution
the state of lacking sufficient money or material possessions <widespread destitution in Third World countries>
Synonyms beggary, destituteness, poverty, impecuniosity, impecuniousness, impoverishment, indigence, necessity,
need, neediness, pauperism, penuriousness, penury, poorness, want
Related Words gutter, misery, woe, wretchedness; exigency; emergency, rainy day; austerity, deprivation, privation;

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bankruptcy, insolvency; belt-tightening, pinching, straitening
Near Antonyms luxury, prosperity
Antonyms affluence, opulence, richness, wealth, wealthiness

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SOURCE: THE HINDU

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/

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ee
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 THE ECONOMIC TIMES
India has to do its bit for multilateralism
23rd Feb 2017

In the background of the World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement for cross-border commerce in
goods coming into force on February 22, India has done well to press ahead with its proposal for a similar agreement
for services. It is welcome from two perspectives.

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One is rejuvenating (क्रिर से युवा करना) a listless multilateral process of reaching agreement on trade, which had been
squeezed (तनचोड़ा िुआ), on the one side, by shortsighted refusal on the part of member countries, including India, to

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reach agreement even on subjects on which differences between parties are minor, and, on the other, by a shift in
preference to regional trade agreements. Now that protectionist (सांरक्षणवादी) tendencies are raising their head in
several advanced countries, including in the US, it makes eminent (उत्कृष्ट) sense to reinforce (सिारा दे ना) the
multilateral trade forum, the WTO.

The other perspective (दृस्ष्टकोण) from which India’s present initiative is welcome is that services, trade in which has

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been growing faster than trade in goods, permit India to make common cause with industrial countries, which
dominate the trade. India’s rank in trade in services is several notches (तनशाना बाांधना) higher than its rank in trade in
goods. Information technology-related professional services occupy the spotlight, thanks to the proposed tightening
of H-1B visas in the US.

But India is unable to tap in full the potential for, say, medical tourism because insurance in the home country of the
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tourist is not readily portable across borders and hospitals in India do not get accredited (मान्यर्ा-प्राप्र्) for
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treatment. In the jargon, H-1B visas relate to Mode 4 delivery of services, in which people cross borders to that end.
Medical tourism is Mode 2 trade in services, in which the service buyer travels to the exporting country. Issues in all
four modes have to be tackled. The growing trade in audio-visual content offers common cause for Hollywood and
Bollywood, provided India demonstrates the will to enforce protection of intellectual property (बौद्धधक सांपदा के
सांरक्षण को लार्ग)ू . The government’s move to rally support from G20 and Brics nations is sound. What India must
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prepare for is to give, not just take, when it comes to trade negotiations.

1. Rejuvenating
Ab

having a renewing effect on the state of the body or mind <after a rejuvenating vacation, I was once again ready to
slay dragons, or whatever else might spring up at the office>
Synonyms bracing, cordial, invigorating, refreshing, tonic, restorative, reviving, stimulating, stimulative, vital,
vitalizing
Related Words life-giving; conditioning, strengthening; animating, exhilarating, exhilarative, quickening, sharp;
corrective, curative, curing, medicinal, rectifying, recuperative, reformative, reformatory, rehabilitative, remedial,
remedying, reparative, therapeutic; beneficial, healthful, healthy, helpful, salubrious, salutary, wholesome
Near Antonyms deadening, debilitating, draining, enervating, enfeebling, exhausting, numbing, sapping, weakening,
wearying; deleterious, injurious, pernicious; insalubrious, noxious, unhealthful, unhealthy, unwholesome

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 2. Squeezed
to apply external pressure on so as to force out the juice or contents of <kept squeezing the bottle until the ketchup
squirted all over the table>
Synonyms crush, express, mash, {h,2}press
Related Words ream; pulp, puree (or purée); extract, extrude

to fit (people or things) into a tight space <I think we can squeeze a bit more into the washing machine>
Synonyms cram, crush, jam, ram, sandwich, shoehorn, crowd, stuff, wedge
Related Words fill, heap, jam-pack, load, pack

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to rob by the use of trickery or threats <the mob squeezes all the local merchants by threatening violence>
Synonyms beat, bilk, bleed, cheat, chisel, chouse, con, cozen, defraud, diddle, do, do in, euchre, fiddle, flimflam, gaff,
gyp, hose [slang], hustle, mulct, nobble [British slang], pluck, ream, rip off, rook, screw, shake down, short,
shortchange, skin, skunk, fleece, stick, stiff, sting, sucker, swindle, thimblerig, victimize

ng
Related Words extort, wrench, wrest, wring; clip, gouge, nick, overcharge, soak; exploit, milk; deceive, dupe, fool,
gull, trick; rope (in); betray, bitch, double-cross; bamboozle, fast-talk

to reduce in size or volume by or as if by pressing parts or members together <squeezed the blanket until it fit into
the box>
Synonyms capsule, capsulize, collapse, compact, condense, constrict, constringe, contract, narrow (down), compress,
telescope

Antonyms decompress, expand, open, outspread, outstretch

3. Protectionist
Si
Related Words cram, crowd, jam, jam-pack, pack; abbreviate, abridge, curtail, shorten; boil down, downsize, shrink;
concentrate, consolidate; simplify, streamline; decrease, diminish, lessen
Near Antonyms dilate, disperse, dissipate, scatter; distend, inflate, swell

relating to the theory or practice of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing
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imports.
ee
an advocate of the policy of shielding a country's domestic industries from foreign competition by taxing imports.

4. Eminent
standing above others in rank, importance, or achievement <many eminent surgeons are on the hospital's staff>
Synonyms astral, bright, distinguished, illustrious, luminous, noble, notable, noteworthy, outstanding, preeminent,
prestigious, redoubtable, signal, star, superior
Related Words celebrated, exalted, famed, famous, glorious, honored, renowned, reputable; infamous, notorious;
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dominant, paramount, predominant

Near Antonyms insignificant, minor, unimportant; average, inferior, mediocre; obscure, uncelebrated, unsung

5. Reinforce
to provide evidence or information for (as a claim or idea) <letters of recommendation that reinforced the
committee's opinion of the candidate>
Ab

Synonyms back, bolster, buttress, corroborate, support (also reenforce), shore (up), substantiate
Related Words confirm, establish, prove, verify; affirm, avouch, validate
Near Antonyms undercut, undermine, weaken

6. Perspective
a way of looking at or thinking about something <whether she was being rude or candid is all a matter of
perspective>
Synonyms angle, eye view, outlook, shoes, slant, standpoint, vantage point, viewpoint
Related Words interpretation, spin; belief, conviction, eye, feeling, judgment (or judgement), mind, mind-set, notion,
opinion, perception, persuasion, sentiment, verdict, view; impression, take
Phrases frame of reference, point of view

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all that can be seen from a certain point <the perspective from the hotel balcony was dominated by the lake and
mountains>
Synonyms command, lookout, outlook, panorama, view, prospect, vista
Related Words landscape, scene, scenery; ken, sight; visual field

7. Notches
a narrow opening between hillsides or mountains that can be used for passage <try to get through the notch before
the storm blows in>
Synonyms col, couloir, defile, flume, gap, gill [British], gorge, gulch, gulf, kloof [South African], linn [chiefly Scottish],
canyon, pass, ravine, saddle

h
Related Words abyss, chasm, cirque, cleft, crevasse, crevice, cwm [chiefly British], fissure; combe (also coombe or
coomb) [British], dale, dell, glen, hollow, shut-in, vale, valley; basin, floodplain, kettle; arroyo, barranca (also
barranco), coulee, draw, gully (also gulley), gutter, nullah, trench, trough, wadi, wash [West]

ng
an individual part of a process, series, or ranking <sales for the album increased, and it moved up another notch on
the music charts>
Synonyms chapter, cut, grade, inch, degree, peg, phase, place, point, stage, step
Related Words angle, aspect, facet, side; amount, measure, plane; decrement, increment

8. Accredited
reviewer who seldom steers him wrong>

Si
to explain (something) as being the result of something else <accredits his good choice of movies to reading a

Synonyms credit, ascribe, attribute, chalk up, impute, lay, put down
Related Words blame, charge, father (on), impute (to), pin (on); assign, refer; associate, attach, connect, link

to give official or legal power to <took a course that accredited her to teach first aid>
Synonyms authorize, certify, charter [British], commission, empower, enable, invest, license (also licence), qualify,
vest, warrant
t
Related Words approve, clear, credential, endorse (also indorse), OK (or okay), sanction; affirm, confirm, validate;
ee
inaugurate, induct, initiate, install, instate, swear in; allow, let, permit; enfranchise, entitle, privilege
Near Antonyms ban, bar, block, constrain, deny, disallow, disbar, discourage, disenfranchise, disfranchise, exclude,
hinder, hold back, impede, inhibit, obstruct, prevent, shut out, stop; enjoin, forbid, interdict, outlaw, prohibit,
proscribe, veto
Antonyms disqualify
hij

Source : THE ECONOMIC TIMES

http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-editorials/india-has-to-do-its-bit-for-multilateralism/
Ab

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 THE FINANCIAL EXPRESS
US-China trade: Donald Trump taking time in crafting an effective strategy
23rd Feb 2017

An uneasy diplomatic calm has marked the US-China exchanges in the first month of Donald Trump in office.
Beneath (से नीचे) the calm, there is considerable anxiety (धचन्र्ा) on the part of both countries regarding how each
should anticipate the next move of the other. China has adopted a wait-and-watch posture (हदखावा करना), putting

h
the ball in the US’s court.

One of Trump’s major electoral themes was to slap punitive (दां डात्मक) tariffs on China. Chinese manufacturing

ng
exports to the US currently attract a simple applied average MFN tariff of 9% across all exports. This is higher than
tariffs for other top exporters to the US like Canada, Mexico, Japan and EU whose average MFN tariffs range from
2.6%(Canada) to 4.6% (Mexico). EU and Japan, while not being FTA partners of the US, still face marginally lower
tariffs than Mexico despite Mexico being in the NAFTA. Chinese agricultural exports to the US, however, face the
lowest applied MFN tariffs among the top five exporters. This is interesting given that among the latter, China is the
highest agricultural exporter to the US, while coming after Canada, EU and Mexico in export of manufactures. The US

Si
domestic market though is more protected for agriculture than manufacturing, making Chinese agricultural exports
still subject to average MFN tariff of 15.6%. It’s also important to note that Mexico and Canada have much larger
shares of duty-free imports of agriculture and manufacturing by the US due to NAFTA.

Trump’s campaign promise was to raise tariffs up to as much as 45% on Chinese exports to the US if China didn’t
agree to negotiate better trade terms for the US. The increase would imply three-fold and five-fold jumps in current
t
tariffs on Chinese agricultural and manufacturing exports. The repeated emphasis on hiking tariffs during elections
followed by induction (प्रवर्तन/ प्रवेश) of China ‘baiter’ economic experts Wilbur Ross and Peter Navarro in the Trump
ee
team led to expectations of immediate trade actions on China. This, most expected, would be part of an overall
aggressive China policy to be followed by Trump. Strategic signals contributing to the expectation were Trump’s
unprecedented tête-à-tête (एकाांतर्क वार्ात) soon after his election with the Taiwanese president, his chief strategist
Steve Bannon predicting US and China going to war on the South China Sea within five years and a marked departure
from tradition in the White House not conveying (समपतण करना) greetings on the occasion of the Chinese New Year.
hij

But notwithstanding (के बावजद

ू / यद्यवप) the signals and pronouncements (मर्), strong trade actions are yet to be
taken.

Trump’s most prominent trade actions have been on the TPP and NAFTA. He followed on his election promise by
withdrawing the US from the TPP immediately after assuming office. He’s also pushing Mexico and Canada to
renegotiate (क्रिर से बार्चीर् )the NAFTA. While the renegotiation might eventually be limited to a few ‘tweaks’,
Ab

Mexico is more worried about Trump than Canada as it has been at the receiving end of Trump’s ire on immigrants.
In Trump world, Mexico’s a major villain as it snatches (छीनना) business and jobs away from the US. Trump has been
urging (के आग्रि) US companies not to move jobs out and particularly not to Mexico. But at the same time, during
elections, Trump attacked China almost as much as he did Mexico on similar grounds. So, the fact that he’s yet to act
on China while gunning against Mexico is raising some eyebrows.

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 1. Beneath
in or to a lower place <a ranch house with all of the rooms on one floor and a combined basement and garage
beneath>
Synonyms below, under, underneath
Related Words beside, near, nearby
Near Antonyms aloft, overhead
Antonyms up

2. Anxiety

h
an uneasy state of mind usually over the possibility of an anticipated misfortune or trouble <Dorothy's anxiety about
her brother's operation kept her awake all night>
Synonyms agita, agitation, anxiousness, apprehension, apprehensiveness, care, concern, concernment, disquiet,

ng
disquietude, fear, nervosity, nervousness, perturbation, solicitude, sweat, unease, uneasiness, worry
Related Words strain, stress, tension; alarm (also alarum), anguish, consternation, desperateness, desperation,
discomfort, discomposure, dismay, distraction, distress, disturbance, edginess, franticness, hand-wringing, jitters,
jumpiness, panic, tremor; angst, fearfulness, torment, upset, vexation; cold feet, doubt, dread, foreboding,
incertitude, misgiving, presentiment, suspense, uncertainty; compunction, qualm, scruple
Near Antonyms calm, calmness, content, contentment, ease, easiness, peace, peacefulness, placidity, placidness,
quiet, quietude, sereneness, serenity, tranquillity (or tranquility), tranquilness; comfort, consolation, relief, solace
Antonyms unconcern

3. Posture
Synonyms attitude, carriage, poise, stance, station
Si
a general way of holding the body <a good upright posture will prevent backaches>

Related Words attention; body language; pose, seat; bearing, behavior, conduct, demeanor, deportment; air, poise,
presence; aspect, look, mien
t
position with regard to conditions and circumstances <claims that the country's defense posture is weak>
ee
Synonyms ball game, deal, footing, picture, situation, scene, status, story
Related Words rank, standing; place, spot, state; score, status quo

4. Punitive
inflicting, involving, or serving as punishment <any misbehavior was immediately met with a punitive response> <the
company had to pay a million dollars in punitive damages>
Synonyms castigating, chastening, chastising, correcting, correctional, corrective, disciplinary, disciplining, penal,
hij

penalizing
Related Words retaliative, retaliatory, retributive, retributory, revengeful; vengeful, wrathful
Near Antonyms compensatory; acquitting, exculpating, exculpatory, exonerating, vindicating; absolving, condoning,
pardoning, remitting; commuting, reprieving
Antonyms nonpunitive
Ab

5. Induction
the process or an instance of being formally placed in an office or organization <the formal induction will be
tomorrow, but the college president has already started work>
Synonyms baptism, inaugural, inauguration, installation, initiation, installment (also instalment), investiture,
investment
Related Words enlistment, enrollment (also enrolment); promotion
Near Antonyms discharge, removal

an opinion arrived at through a process of reasoning <the urbanologist's controversial induction that a thriving
bohemian community is vital to a city's economic health>
Synonyms consequence, deduction, determination, eduction, conclusion, inference, sequitur
Related Words decision, deliverance, diagnosis, judgment (or judgement), resolution, ruling, verdict; conjecture,
guess, surmise; assumption, presumption, supposition

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 6. tête-à-tête
in person and usually privately <met tête-à-tête with the student's parents to discuss his disciplinary problems in
class>
Synonyms face-to-face, personally
Related Words familiarly, intimately; confidentially, secretly; directly, immediately
Phrases in private, in secret
Near Antonyms distantly, indirectly; openly, publicly

7. conveying
to cause (something) to pass from one to another <intends to personally convey the message to the governor>

h
Synonyms conduct, communicate, give, impart, spread, transfer, transfuse, transmit
Related Words deliver, hand over, surrender, turn over; broadcast, diffuse, disseminate, propagate; hand down,
hand on; contaminate, infect, poison

ng
Near Antonyms catch, come down (with), contract

to give over the legal possession or ownership of <upon her death, the house will be conveyed to a predesignated
charity>
Synonyms alien, alienate, assign, cede, transfer, deed, make over
Related Words bequeath, hand down, leave, pass (down), will; bestow, commend, commit, confer, contribute,
deliver, donate, grant, hand over, move, pass, present, release, relinquish, surrender, transmit, turn in, turn over,

Near Antonyms expropriate

8. notwithstanding Si
vest, yield; consign, entrust (also intrust), trust; lease, lend, let [chiefly British], loan, rent

in spite of that <you're rather late getting here, but you're welcome to join us for dinner notwithstanding>
Synonyms even so, howbeit, nevertheless, nonetheless, however, still, still and all, though, withal, yet
Related Words after all, anyhow, regardless; per contra
t
9. pronouncements
ee
a formal or authoritative announcement or declaration.
synonyms: announcement, proclamation, declaration, formal statement, assertion, judgement, ruling, adjudication,
decree, edict, ordinance, dictum, promulgation, deliverance; ukase; pronunciamento; ipse dixit; rareasseveration
hij

SOURCE: THE FINANCIAL EXPRESS

http://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/us-china-trade-donald-trump-taking-time-in-crafting-an-effective-
strategy/563002/
Ab

Feedback:- abhijeetsingh140@gmail.com