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WPCA Ameren 2008 Power Supply and Control John Knapik PDF
WPCA Ameren 2008 Power Supply and Control John Knapik PDF
SEMINAR
Understanding ESP Controls
By John Knapik
99.0
Collection
Efficiency
(Percent)
80.0
GE 3
Proprietary
Typical SCR-CLR Electrical System
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 4
Proprietary
Just Remember, the Primary of a T-R
Set is Rated in Units of RMS, the
Secondary is in Average
• 400 V AC RMS
• 120 A AC RMS
• 45 KV DC Average
• 750 mA DC Average
RMS
The Meter Scale Distance is not the
Same on the RMS Meter.
GE 6
Proprietary
Primary Current Meter
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 7
Proprietary
Finding the Primary Current Waveform
GE 8
Proprietary
Primary Current – A Chopped Sine
Wave
GE 9
Proprietary
Primary Current Waveform - Positive
and Negative Half-Cycles = SCR 1 and
SCR 2
Secondary Current Meter
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 11
Proprietary
Finding the mA Signal
GE 12
Proprietary
Secondary Current – Pulsating DC
GE 13
Proprietary
Typical Primary and Secondary
Current
GE 14
Proprietary
Secondary Voltage Meter
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 15
Proprietary
Current Limit - mA & KV
GE 16
Proprietary
Secondary Voltage Waveforms – True
Negative
mA
KVmi
KVpeak
n
GE 17
Proprietary
Next – The Automatic Voltage Control
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 18
Proprietary
The AVC
is the BRAINS
of the ESP
Older Analog AVC
GE 20
Proprietary
Microprocesso
r Based
AVC
GE 21
Proprietary
The AVC has 2 Jobs to Execute
GE 22
Proprietary
The AVC has 2 Jobs to Execute…
Free Electrons = e
Positive & Negative Ions = + e
Charged Particles = e
e
GE 24
Proprietary
AVC Cabinet, CLR & T/R Set
GE 25
Proprietary
AVC Spark Response
SPARK
SETBACK
GE 26
Proprietary
Good Initial Settings for an AVC
GE 27
Proprietary
Proper AVC Response to Sparking
GE 28
Proprietary
Spark Response - Secondary Current
Waveform
GE 29
Proprietary
Spark Response - Secondary Current
and Voltage Waveforms
GE 30
Proprietary
Typical Spark Response - mA & KV
GE 31
Proprietary
Further Control – A Search Ramp Rate
New Spark Threshold or T/R Limit
Search Ramp
Spark Threshold
AUTO PRCS FLWR
P
O
W Setback Slow Ramp (determined by spark rate)
E PHASE BACK RAMP
R
INTERRUPT T IM E
GE 32
Proprietary
Spit Spark Response (mA)
GE 33
Proprietary
Spit Spark Response - Secondary
Current and Voltage Waveforms
GE 34
Proprietary
Examples of AVC ‘s at a Limit
AVC SPARK LIMITED – DOING IT’S JOB
GE 36
Proprietary
T/R Current Limited with Sparking
GE 37
Proprietary
T-R CURRENT LIMITED WITHOUT
SPARKING
GE 38
Proprietary
T-R VOLTAGE LIMITED WITH
SPARKING
GE 39
Proprietary
What is meant by “Healthy Limits?”
GE 40
Proprietary
The T-R Set
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 41
Proprietary
Transformer Rectifier (T/R) Set
GE 42
Proprietary
Inside T/R Tank
GE 43
Proprietary
High Voltage Transformer
GE 44
Proprietary
Diode Stack
GE 45
Proprietary
T/R Set -
Low Voltage
Junction Box
GE 46
Proprietary
Low Voltage Junction Box
GE 47
Proprietary
T/R Nameplate
GE 48
Proprietary
The KV Meter
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 49
Proprietary
Voltage Divider
GE 50
Proprietary
SCR’S
SCR Stack Transformer/Rectifier
+ + Current Limiting
-
Reactor (CLR) (T/R) Set
L-1
Primary Voltage
V
Meter
CT
L-2
Primary
A
Current Meter
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 51
Proprietary
SCR
GE 52
Proprietary
Typical Sine Wave
SCR
Firing Power
Angle On Zero Crossings
(90°)
+ Time
-
Conduction
Angle
(90°)
8.33 milliseconds
GE 53
Proprietary
SCR: Low Voltage to T-R Set
400
Precipitator
Automatic Field
Voltage Control Signal
mA Resistor
GE 56
Proprietary
Current Limiting Reactor (CLR)
GE 57
Proprietary
Current Limiting Reactor
GE 58
Proprietary
Current Limiting
Reactor at T-R Set
GE 59
Proprietary
SCR’s are why CLR’s are Needed
GE 60
Proprietary
Electrical Basics: CLR
To increase the efficiency of the T/R set, a device called a
CLR (current limiting reactor) is used. A CLR is an inductor.
Recall that the property of an inductor is to oppose a change
in current. Because of this property, the shape of the current
waveform is changed and it starts looking more like a sine
wave.
GE 61
Proprietary
CLR Function
GE 63
Proprietary
Proper CLR Sizes for Common T/R
Sets
All T/R primaries are rated at 400V
40 250 13.0
80 500 6.6
120 750 4.4
160 1000 3.3
200 1250 2.6
240 1500 2.2
GE 64
Proprietary
Basic Troubleshooting
GE Energy
TR Nameplate Values
(For this exercise)
Primary Current 160 Amps
Primary Voltage 480 Volts
Secondary Current 1200 mA
Secondary Voltage 45 kV
GE 66
Proprietary
First Indication
160 480 1200 45
Second Indication
Short
GE 67
Proprietary
Close Clearance
160 480 1200 45
GE 68
Proprietary
Conductive Dust, Outlet
Field
160 480 1200 45
GE 69
Proprietary
Bad KV Return
160 480 1200 45
GE 70
Proprietary
Open
160 480 1200 45
GE 71
Proprietary
Normal Running
Condition
160 480 1200 45
GE 72
Proprietary
SCRs Not Firing
160 480 1200 45
GE 73
Proprietary
Questions?
Thank You.