Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Guía Mate PDF
Guía Mate PDF
81$1/HyQ 81$10DQDJXD
DŝƌŝĂŵ^ŽůĞĚĂĚZĂƷĚĞnjͲ DŝŶŝƐƚƌĂĚĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ
ZĂŵŽŶĂZŽĚƌşŐƵĞnjWĠƌĞnjͲWƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĂ ĚĞů͘E͘h
KKZ/E/ME'EZ>
DĞůďĂDĂƌşĂ>ſƉĞnjDŽŶƚĞŶĞŐƌŽ
:ƵůŝŽĠƐĂƌĂŶĞůŽ ĂƐƟůůŽ
ůĞũĂŶĚƌŽ'ĞŶĞƚ
hdKZ^
&ƌĂŶĐŝƐĐŽŵŝůŝŽşĂnjsĞŐĂͲD/E
&ƌĞĚĚLJ:ŽƐĠ>ſƉĞnjʹhEE>ĞſŶ
:ŽŶLJůĞdžĂŶĚĞƌZŽũĂƐZŽũĂƐʹhEEDĂŶĂŐƵĂ
^ĂŶƟĂŐŽŶƚŽŶŝŽZŽƋƵĞZŽĚƌşŐƵĞnjʹhE/
,ĂŶŬĚĞ:ĞƐƷƐƐƉŝŶŽnjĂ^ĞƌƌĂŶŽʹhE/
DĂƵƌŝĐŝŽůĞdžĂŶĚĞƌ'ŽŶnjĄůĞnj^ĂůĂnjĂƌʹhE
WĂƐƚŽƌZŽŵĄŶDĞĚŝŶĂʹ/EdͲ>ME
/^HKz/'ZD/KE
>ŝƐƐĞƩĞDĂƌŐŝŶĂ^ĞƌƌĂŶŽsĂůůĞĐŝůůŽ
La presente guía de autoestudio es propiedad del Ministerio de Educación (MINED), Consejo Nacional de
Universidades (CNU) y del Instituto Nacional Tecnológico (INATEC) de la República de Nicaragua. Se prohíbe
su venta y reproducción total o parcial.
ƐƟŵĂĚŽƐĞƐƚƵĚŝĂŶƚĞƐ͗
ů DŝŶŝƐƚĞƌŝŽ ĚĞ ĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ͕ Ğů /ŶƐƟƚƵƚŽ EĂĐŝŽŶĂů dĞĐŶŽůſŐŝĐŽ LJĞů ŽŶƐĞũŽ EĂĐŝŽŶĂů ĚĞ
hŶŝǀĞƌƐŝĚĂĚĞƐĂƚƌĂǀĠƐĚĞůĂhE͕hE/͕hEEͲ>ĞſŶLJhEEͲDĂŶĂŐƵĂĞŶĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐŝĂ
ĐŽŶůĂƐƉŽůşƟĐĂƐĞĚƵĐĂƟǀĂƐĚĞŶƵĞƐƚƌŽŐŽďŝĞƌŶŽĚĞƌĞĐŽŶĐŝůŝĂĐŝſŶLJƵŶŝĚĂĚŶĂĐŝŽŶĂů͕ĞŶĞů
ĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽ ĚĞ ůĂ ƌĞǀŽůƵĐŝſŶ ƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟǀĂ ĚĞ ůĂ ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ͕ ĐŽŶƐĞĐƵĞŶƚĞ ĐŽŶ Ğů ŵŽĚĞůŽ ĚĞ
ĐĂůŝĚĂĚ LJ ĐŽŶ Ğů ƉƌŽƚĂŐŽŶŝƐŵŽ ĚĞ ůĂ ũƵǀĞŶƚƵĚ ŶŝĐĂƌĂŐƺĞŶƐĞ ƋƵĞ ĞŐƌĞƐĂ ĚĞ ůĂ ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ
ƐĞĐƵŶĚĂƌŝĂ ĐŽŶ ůĂ ĮƌŵĞ ĐŽŶǀŝĐĐŝſŶ ĚĞ ƋƵĞ ůĂ ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ ĞƐ ƵŶ ĚĞƌĞĐŚŽ ŚƵŵĂŶŽ
ĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂů͕ŝƌƌĞŶƵŶĐŝĂďůĞĞŝƌƌĞŵƉůĂnjĂďůĞĚĞůĂƉĞƌƐŽŶĂ͕ƐĞŚĂĚĂĚŽĂůĂŵŝƐŝſŶĚĞďƵƐĐĂƌ
ƌĞƐƉƵĞƐƚĂƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂƟǀĂƐƋƵĞĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵLJĂŶĂƐƵƉĞƌĂƌůĂƐďƌĞĐŚĂƐLJĂǀĂŶnjĂƌĞŶůĂĐĂůŝĚĂĚĚĞůĂ
ĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ͖ ĂƐş͕ ŚĂ ĐƌĞĂĚŽ ĐŽŶ Ğů ĂƉŽLJŽ ĚĞ ĚŽĐĞŶƚĞƐ ŶŝĐĂƌĂŐƺĞŶƐĞƐ͕ ůĂ 'ƵşĂ ĚĞ
ƵƚŽĞƐƚƵĚŝŽĚĞDĂƚĞŵĄƟĐĂƉĂƌĂĞƐƚƵĚŝĂŶƚĞƐĚĞƵŶĚĠĐŝŵŽŐƌĂĚŽĚĞĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶƐĞĐƵŶĚĂƌŝĂ
ůĂƋƵĞŝŶĐůƵLJĞϮϬϬĞũĞƌĐŝĐŝŽƐĞŶůĂƐĄƌĞĂƐĚĞ;ƌŝƚŵĠƟĐĂ͕ůŐĞďƌĂ͕'ĞŽŵĞƚƌşĂƵĐůŝĚŝĂŶĂ͕
'ĞŽŵĞƚƌşĂ ŶĂůşƟĐĂ ͕ &ƵŶĐŝŽŶĞƐͿ ůŽƐ ĐƵĂůĞƐ ĐŽŶ ůĂ ĂLJƵĚĂ ĚĞ ƐƵƐ ĚŽĐĞŶƚĞƐ LJĐŽŶ ƐƵ
ĞŶƚƵƐŝĂƐŵŽ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟǀŝĚĂĚ͕ ĚĞĚŝĐĂĐŝſŶ LJ ĞƐĨƵĞƌnjŽ͕ƌĞƐŽůǀĞƌĄŶ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵLJĞŶĚŽĚĞĞƐƚĂ
ŵĂŶĞƌĂĂŚĂĐĞƌƌĞĂůŝĚĂĚĞůƐƵĞŹŽĚĞĐŽŶƐƚƌƵŝƌƵŶĂ EŝĐĂƌĂŐƵĂ ŵĄƐ ƉƌſƐƉĞƌĂ LJ ĚŝŐŶĂ͕ ĐŽŶ
ĐŝƵĚĂĚĂŶŽƐ ŵĞũŽƌ ĞĚƵĐĂĚŽƐLJ ĨŽƌŵĂĚŽƐ ĞŶĐŽŶŽĐŝŵŝĞŶƚŽƐ͕ƉƌŝŶĐŝƉŝŽƐLJǀĂůŽƌĞƐ͕ĚĞŝŐƵĂů
ŵĂŶĞƌĂƉƵĞĚĞǀĞƌůĂƐƐŽůƵĐŝŽŶĞƐĚĞĞũĞƌĐŝĐŝŽƐĚĞůĂŐƵşĂĞŶĞůĐƵƌƐŽDKKĐƌĞĂĚŽĞŶĞƐƚĞ
ĂŹŽůĞĐƟǀŽ͘
ZĂŵŽŶĂZŽĚƌşŐƵĞnjWĠƌĞnj DŝƌŝĂŵ^ŽůĞĚĂĚZĄƵĚĞnj
WƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚĂĚĞůEh DŝŶŝƐƚƌĂĚĞĚƵĐĂĐŝſŶ
$5,70e7,&$
C
/DH[SUHVLyQ͵ ͵ ͵ HTXLYDOHD
E
D ͵ E ͵ F ͵ G ͵ H ͵
T
ͳ
ͳ
A
/DVROXFLyQGH ͷ Ͷ ʹ HV
ͳ
ͳ
ʹ
N
D ͳ E ʹ F ʹ G ͳ H Ͷ
I
(QODVXVWUDFFLyQ Ȃ ൌ ODVXPDGHOPLQXHQGRHOVXVWUDHQGR\ODGLIHUHQFLDHV͵ʹ¢&XiO
HVHOYDORUGHOPLQXHQGR"
U
D E F G H
N
'HXQDILQFDGHKHFWiUHDVVHYHQGHQSULPHURORV GHORV \PiVWDUGHORV GHORV
GHORV ¢&XiQWDVKHFWiUHDVTXHGDQ"
C
D KD E KD F KD G KD H KD
8QGLVSRVLWLYRHOHFWUyQLFRTXHFRVWyVHYHQGHSRUORV GHOFRVWR¢&XiQWRVHSLHUGH"
D
D E F G H
E
8QFRUUHGRUKDFHPHWURVHQVHJXQGRV\RWURKDFHPHWURVHQVHJXQGRV(QXQD
FDUUHUDGHNLOyPHWURV¢4XpWLHPSRGHYHQWDMDREWLHQHHOFRUUHGRUJDQDGRU"
N
D V E V F V G V H V
I
8QDIDPLOLDGHPLHPEURVWLHQHYtYHUHVSDUDGtDVSHURFRPRUHFLELHURQODYLVLWDGHXQ
WtR\VXHVSRVDORVYtYHUHVVHWHUPLQDURQGtDVDQWHV&DOFXOHFXiQWRVGtDVGXUyODYLVLWDGH
M
ORVHVSRVRV
D E F G H
(OSUHFLRGHFRVWRGHXQDFRPSXWDGRUDHV¢4XpSUHFLRVHILMySDUDVXYHQWDDOS~EOLFR"
VDELHQGRTXHVLDOYHQGHUODVHKDFHGHVFXHQWRVVXFHVLYRVGH\WRGDYtDVHHVWDUi
JDQDQGRHOGHOGHOSUHFLRGHFRVWR
D E F G H
8QFRPHUFLDQWHFRPSUDXQDUWtFXORDXQDIiEULFD\OHKDFHQXQGHVFXHQWRGHOGHOSUHFLR
GHOLVWD¢4XpWDQWRSRUFLHQWRGHOSUHFLRGHOLVWDGHEHILMDUSDUDVXYHQWDGHWDOPDQHUDTXH
KDFLHQGRXQGHVFXHQWRGHOJDQHHOGHOSUHFLRGHYHQWD"
D E F G H
C
ODPLVPDERWHOOD¢TXpIUDFFLyQGHODERWHOODHVWDUiOOHQD"'pFRPRUHVSXHVWDODVXPDGHFLIUDV
E
GHOQXPHUDGRU
D E F G H
T
8QUHVHUYRULRSXHGHVHUOOHQDGRSRUGRVJULIRV$\%(OJULIR$OOHQDHOUHVHUYRULRHQ
A
KRUDVPLHQWUDVTXH%ORKDFHHQKRUDVPiVTXHHPSOHDQGRORVGRVJULIRV$\%(QFXiQWR
WLHPSRVHOOHQDHOUHVHUYRULRXWLOL]DQGRVRORHOJULIR%"
N
D K E K F K G K H K
I
8QDSHORWDSLHUGHODV SDUWHVGHVXDOWXUDHQFDGDUHERWHTXHGD6LVHOHGHMDFDHUGHVGHXQ
PHWURGHDOWXUD¢TXpDOWXUDDOFDQ]DUiGHVSXpVGHOWHUFHUUHERWH"
D FP E FP F FP G FP H FP
$OFDOFXODUODVRSHUDFLRQHV
ൈ
U
HOUHVXOWDGRHV
N
ൈ ൈ
Ͷ ͵
C
͵ ͵ ͷ ʹ ͷ ͵
D E F G H
ʹ ͵ ʹ ʹ ͷ
ൈ Ǥ ൈ
$OHIHFWXDUODVRSHUDFLRQHV HOUHVXOWDGRHV
ൈ Ǥ ൈ
D
D Ͷ E ͳͷ F ͵ G ʹ H
ͻ
E
ͳ
ൈ
$OHIHFWXDU ͵ HOUHVXOWDGRHV
N
ͳ ͳ
ʹ ൈ ൈ
I
ʹ ͵
D ͻ E ͻ ʹ F ͳ G ͺ ͵ H ͵ ͳʹ
M
͵
$OVLPSOLILFDUODH[SUHVLyQ ͷͳʹ ʹ ͳͺ ͵ʹ HOUHVXOWDGRHV
ʹ
D ͵ E ͷ F ʹ G ͺ H ͳͷ
ͺ Ͷ
$OHIHFWXDU HOUHVXOWDGRHV
ʹ ͵
D ͷ E ʹ F Ͷ G H ͵
5REHUWR+HUQiQGH]DFDEyHOEDFKLOOHUDWRDORVDxRVVHJUDGXyGHDERJDGRDxRVGHVSXpV
VHFDVyDxRVGHVSXpVVHHPEDUFySDUD1LFDUDJXDDxRVGHVSXpV\DxRVGHVSXpVREWXYR
E C
T
XQD FiWHGUD 6L 5REHUWR WXYLHUD DxRV PiV KDEUtD QDFLGRHQ ¢HQ TXp DxR WXYR VX
FiWHGUD"
A
D ͳ ͻ E ͳ ͻͲ F ͳ ͻ͵ G ͳ ͻͲ H ͳ ͻͶ
N
8QHVWDQTXHFX\DFDSDFLGDGHVGHOLWURVHVWiYDFtR\FHUUDGRVXGHVDJH¢(QFXiQWR
WLHPSRVHOOHQDUiVLDEULPRVDOPLVPRWLHPSRWUHVOODYHVTXHYLHUWHQODSULPHUDOLWURVHQ
I
PLQXWRVODVHJXQGDOLWURVHQPLQXWRV\ODWHUFHUDOLWURVHQPLQXWRV"
D ͳͶ E ͳͷ F ͺ G ͳʹ H ͳ͵
U
(OVHxRU8OLVHVYHQGHHOGHVXVJDOOLQDV\VHTXHGDFRQJDOOLQDV¢&XiQWDVJDOOLQDV
WHQLD"
N
D ʹʹͶ E ʹͳͲ F ͳͺͷ G ʹͲͲ H ͳͻͺ
C
/DHGDGGH&DUORVHVXQPHQRVTXHODGH(QPDQXHO6L&DUORVWLHQHDxRV¢TXpHGDG
WLHQH(QPDQXHO"
D
D Ͷͻ ñ E ͷʹ ñ F ͷͶ ñ G ͷͺ ñ H ͷͲ ñ
ͳͳ ͳ ͳ
E
$OVLPSOLILFDUODVLJXLHQWHRSHUDFLyQ ൈ ͻͲൈ HOUHVXOWDGRHV
ͳͺͲ Ͷͷ ͳͶ
ͳ ʹ ͵ ͳ ʹ
N
D E F G H
ͷ ͵ ʹ Ͷ
D ͺͲΨ
I
'HORVHVWXGLDQWHVGHXQFROHJLRVRQQLxDV+DOODUHOSRUFHQWDMHGHYDURQHV
E ͺͷΨ F ͺͺΨ G ͺΨ H ͺʹΨ
M
6LREUHURVKDFHQXQDREUDHQGtDV¢FXiQWRWDUGDUiQREUHURVHQKDFHUODPLVPDREUD"
D ʹͶ í E ʹ í F ʹͷ í G ͵Ͳ í H Ǥ
6HGHVHDUHSDUWLU͵ͷ OLEURVHQWUHYDULDVSHUVRQDVGHPDQHUDTXHQRWHQJDQODPLVPDFDQWLGDG
/DPi[LPDFDQWLGDGGHSHUVRQDVDODVTXHOHVSXHGHQUHSDUWLUORVOLEURVHV
D E F ͺ G ͺ H ͳͲ
'HWHUPLQHHOQ~PHURTXHFRQWLQ~DHQODVXFHVLyQPRVWUDGD
ͷǡ ͳ͵ǡ ʹͷǡ Ͷͳǡ ͳǡ ǥ
D E ͺͷ F ͻʹ G ͻ H ͳͲͻ
,QGLFDHOQ~PHURTXHFRQWLQ~DHQODVLJXLHQWHVXFHVLyQ
ͷǡ ͳ͵ʹǡ ͵͵ǡ ʹǡ ǥ
D ͳͳͺͲ E ͳʹͷͶ F ͳ͵ͷ͵ G ͳͶͷʹ H ͳͷͷͳ
C
(Q XQDELEOLRWHFDPXQLFLSDO H[LVWHQHQWRWDOʹ OLEURVGHPDWHPDWLFD\OLWHUDWXUDORVTXH
E
HVWiQ HQ UHODFLyQ GH ͷ D ͵ UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH (O Q~PHUR GH OLEURV GH OLWHUDWXUD TXH GHEHQ
DJUHJDUVHSDUDTXHODUHODFLyQVHDGHͻ DͳͲ HV
D ʹͳ E ʹʹ F ʹ͵ G ʹͶ H ʹͷ
JDORQHVQHFHVLWDHODXWRPyYLOSDUDUHFRUUHUͶͺͲ NLOyPHWURV"
D ͳʹ E ͳͲ F ͺ G
AT
(O FDUUR GH :LOO\ UHTXLHUH JDORQHV GH JDVROLQD SDUD UHFRUUHU ʹͶͲ NLOyPHWURV ¢&XiQWRV
H Ͷ
N
6LSRUFDGDHVIHUDVURMDVKD\ͻ GHFRORUDPDULOOR6LHQWRWDOKD\ͳ͵ʹ HVIHUDV¢&XiQWDVGH
I
FDGDFRORUKD\"
D ʹͶ ǡ ͳͲͺ E ͳͺ ǡ ͺͳ F ͳͲͺ ǡ ʹͶ G ͻͲ ǡ ͳͲ H ͷͶ ǡ ͳʹ
U
6L ̶ ̶ HVD̶ ̶FRPR͵ HVDͺ6LHOWULSOHGH̶ ̶ PiVHOGREOHGH̶ ̶ HVͷǤ+DOOD1Ǥ
D ͳͺ E ͳͷ F ͳͶ G ʹͶ H ʹͲ
N
(QXQDUHXQLyQHOQ~PHURGHPXMHUHVDVLVWHQWHVHVDOQ~PHURGHPXMHUHVTXHQREDLODQFRPR
ͳͳ HVD͵6LWRGRVORVYDURQHVHVWiQEDLODQGR\VRQʹͷ PiVTXHODVPXMHUHVTXHQREDLODQ
C
¢&XiQWDVSHUVRQDVKD\HQGLFKDUHXQLyQ"
D ͻͷ E ͻͲ F ͺͷ G ͷ H ͵Ͳ
D
$XQDILHVWDFRQFXUUHQͶͲͲ SHUVRQDVDVLVWLHQGR͵ KRPEUHVSRUFDGDʹ PXMHUHV6LOXHJRGH
͵KRUDVSRUFDGDGRVKRPEUHVKD\XQDPXMHU¢&XiQWDVSDUHMDVVHUHWLUDURQ"
E
D ͺͲ E Ͳ F Ͳ G ͻͲ H Ǥ
N
UHVSXHVWDHOSURGXFWRGHVXVFLIUDV
I
D Ͷͷ E ͵ͷ F ʹͷ G ͵Ͳ H ͶͲ
M
D ͳͶ͵ E ͳͶͷ F ͳ G ͳͺ H ͳͺ
ͳ
ͳͷ ͳ ͵
(IHFWXDU ൊ
ʹ ͳ ʹ
͵ ͳ ͳ
ʹ ͵
ʹ
ͳ
ͳʹ
D ͳ E ʹ F ͵ G Ͷ H ͷ
E C
T
ͳ ͵
(OYDORUGH ͲǡͶ ൈͷǣ
ʹ Ͷ
A
D ͵ȀͶ E ǡͷ F ͵ȀͶ G Ͳǡʹ H Ǥ
È/*(%5$
I N
(OUHVXOWDGRGH HV
U
$Ǥ %
/DGHVFRPSRVLFLyQHQIDFWRUHVGHODH[SUHVLyQʹ
&
C N '
ͷ ͵ HV
D
$ ሺʹ ͵ሻሺ ʹሻ % ሺʹ ͵ሻሺ ʹሻ
E
& ሺʹ Ȃ ͵ሻሺ ͳሻ ' ሺʹ ͵ሻሺ ͳሻ
$
I N
$OIDFWRUL]DUODH[SUHVLyQ ͳʹ ͵
% ሺʹ ͵ሻ
ʹXQRGHORVIDFWRUHVHV
& ͷ ' ሺʹ ͵ሻ
M
6L
$
ൌ ͳǢ ൌ ͳ ¢&XiOVHUiHOYDORUGH
% &
'
"
¢&XiO HVHOYDORUGHNSDUDTXHDOGLYLGLU ሺͶ ሻ Ͷ ͺ ሺ ͳሻ
HOUHVLGXRVHD"
$ % & '
ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
Ͷ ͵ ͷ ʹ
C
/DVLPSOLILFDFLyQGH ʹൊ ͵ ʹ HV
ʹ
E
$ ሺ ሻ
% & '
(OUHVXOWDGRGHODVLJXLHQWHRSHUDFLyQ
[
[ [
[ [
AT
[ [
[
HV
$
[
[ [
%
[
[ [
&
[
[ [
I N '
[
[ [
U
[ \
$OGHVDUUROODU VHREWLHQH
\ [
$
[ x y
x \
y
%
[ x y
[ \
C N \
& '
[ [ \ \
[ \
D
(O YDORU GH TXH SURSRUFLRQD VyOR XQD VROXFLyQ UHDO GH OD HFXDFLyQ
[ N[ N [ HV
$
I N
6LD E F HQWRQFHV
ȁ ȁ ȁ ȁ ȁ ȁ
ȁ ȁ
M
͘ ͘ ϭ ͘ ͘
ሺ ሻ
(OYDORUQXPpULFRGHODH[SUHVLyQ ሺ ሻ
SDUD ൌ ͳ \ ൌȂ ʹ HV
$ % & '
$ % & ʹ ʹ ' ʹ
C
(OUHVXOWDGRGHሺ ሻሺ ሻ HV
E
$ % & ʹ ʹ ' ʹ
T
/DGHVFRPSRVLFLyQHQIDFWRUHVGHODH[SUHVLyQ͵ Ȃ ʹ Ȃ ͺ HV
A
$ ሺ͵ Ͷሻሺ ʹሻ % ሺ͵ Ͷሻሺ ʹሻ
& ሺ͵ Ȃ Ͷሻሺ ʹሻ ' ሺ͵ Ȃ Ͷሻሺ ʹሻ
I N
U
& [\[\[ \ ' [±\[[\\
N
/DGHVFRPSRVLFLyQHQIDFWRUHVGHODH[SUHVLyQ Ͷ HV
% [\[\
C
$ [±\
& [\[\[ \ ' [\[[\\
D
[ [ [ [
(OUHVXOWDGRGHODVLJXLHQWHRSHUDFLyQ HV
E
[ [ [ [
[ [ [ [
N
$ % & '
[ [ [ [ [ [ [ [
I
$O UDFLRQDOL]DU HO GHQRPLQDGRU GH ODIUDFFLyQ VH REWLHQH
M
$
[
[ [
$OUHVROYHUODHFXDFLyQ VHREWLHQHTXHODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUH
[ [
ODPD\RU\ODPHQRUGHODVUDtFHVHV
$ % & '
/DVVROXFLRQHVHQHOFRQMXQWRGHORVQ~PHURVHQWHURVGHOVLVWHPDGH
ൌ
E C
T
HFXDFLRQHV VRQ
ൌ͵
A
$ % & '
N
$O UHVROYHUODHFXDFLyQ͵ ͳ ሺ ͳሻ ൌ ʹ ͺ OD~QLFDVROXFLyQHQ
I
ORVQ~PHURVUHDOHVHV
$ ± % & '
U
ሺ ሻ ൌ ͷǡDOFDOFXODUHOYDORUGH
N
REWHQHPRV
$ ± % & '
(OFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDG
C ͵ ʹ Ͳ HV
D
$ͳ ൏ ʹ%>±&> 'ሾͳǡ ʹሿ
E
(OFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDG_[ _ HV
N
I
$ ± [ % [ & ± [ ' [
M
[
(OFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDG HV
(OFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQGHODGHVLJXDOGDG_±[_ HVWiGDGRSRUHO
LQWHUYDOR
C
6Lȁʹ Ȃ ͳȁ ͵HOYDORUGH TXHQRSHUWHQHFHDOFRQMXQWRVROXFLyQHV
E
$ ± % & ' ±
8QJUXSRGHHVWXGLDQWHVTXHSDUWLFLSDURQHQXQFRQFXUVRGH0DWHPiWLFDV
VHHVWUHFKDURQODPDQR8QRGHHOORVDGYLUWLyTXHORVDSUHWRQHVGHPDQR
IXHURQ¢&XiQWRVHVWXGLDQWHVDVLVWLHURQDOFRQFXUVR"
AT
$ % &
I N '
U
N
(OQ~PHURGHGRVGtJLWRVTXHFXPSOHODVFRQGLFLRQHVVLJXLHQWHVODVXPDGH
OD FLIUD GHODV GHFHQDV \ OD GH ODV XQLGDGHV HV HOQ~PHUR H[FHGH HQ
C
XQLGDGHVDOQ~PHURTXHVHIRUPDLQWHUFDPELDQGRORVGtJLWRVHV
$ % & '
(OYDORUGH
HVLJXDOD
D
TXHUHVXHOYHODHFXDFLyQ
E
ൌ ǡ
N
Ǥ Ǥ Ͷ ǤͲ ǤͶ
6L ൌ
GH
I \ ൌ ǡ HQWRQFHVHOYDORUQXPpULFRGHODH[SUHVLyQሺ ሻ ሺ ሻ HV
M
Ǥ ͳ Ǥͳ Ǥͳ Ǥ ͳ
ൌ
C
$OUHVROYHUHOVLVWHPDGHHFXDFLRQHV ǡ VHREWLHQHTXH ;
ൌ
HVLJXDOD
E
ǤͷͲ ǤͶͺ Ǥ͵ Ǥͺͳ
AT HV
N
Ǥ ͵ ǤͶ Ǥͷ Ǥͻ
I
U
6L ; ; ൌ \ሺ ሻ ൌ HQWRQFHVHOYDORUGH HV
Ǥʹ ǤͳǤͷ ǤͲ ǤͲǤͷͲ
(OYDORUQXPpULFRGH
C N HV
D
Ǥ ͳ Ǥ ʹ Ǥʹ ʹ Ǥʹ ʹ ʹ
E
N
8Q DODPEUH GH VH OH GLR GRV FRUWHV XQR GHVSXpV GH RWUR GH
I
PDQHUDTXHODORQJLWXGGHFDGDWUR]RUHVXOWDQWHDSDUWLUGHOVHJXQGRWUR]R
VHD LJXDO DO GHO LQPHGLDWR DQWHULRU DXPHQWDGR HQ VX PLWDG ¢&XiQWRV
M
FHQWtPHWURVPLGHODGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHHOWUR]RGHPD\RUORQJLWXG\HOGHPHQRU
ORQJLWXG"
Ǥ ʹ ͵ Ǥ ʹ
Ǥ ʹ ͵ Ǥ ʹ
)81&,21(65($/(6<75,*2120(75Ë$
E C
T
'DGDODIXQFLyQ ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹ ͶVXGRPLQLR\VXUDQJRVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHORV
A
FRQMXQWRV
D ሾ ʹǡ ሻ \ሾͲǡ ሻ
N
E ሾ ʹǡ ሻ \
I
F \
G ሾͲǡ ሻ \ሾ ʹǡ ሻ
U
/DHYDOXDFLyQGH ͳ HQODIXQFLyQUHDOGDGDSRU ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹ ͷ ͵ HV
N
D E F Ͷ G ͳͲ
C
(OUDQJRGHODIXQFLyQGDGDSRU ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹ HV
D ሾ ͵ǡ ሻ F ሾ ͳͳǡ ሻ
E G ሺ ǡ ͳͳሿ
E D
6H GHVHD HODERUDU XQD FDMD VLQ WDSD SDUWLHQGR GH XQD SLH]D UHFWDQJXODU GH
FDUWyQ FX\DV GLPHQVLRQHV VRQ ʹͲൈ͵Ͳ FHQWtPHWURV FRUWDQGR HQ ODV HVTXLQDV
FXDGUDGRVLGpQWLFRVGHiUHD \GREODQGRORVODGRVKDFLDDUULED(OYROXPHQ
N
GHODFDMDHQIXQFLyQGH HV
I
D Ͷ ͳͲͲ ͲͲ E Ͷ ʹͲ ͲͲ
F Ͷ ʹͲ ͲͲ G Ͷ ͳͲͲ ͲͲ
M
/D WDVD GH FUHFLPLHQWR GH XQ QLxR HQ OLEUDV SRU PHV VH UHODFLRQD FRQ VX
SHVR DFWXDO HQ OLEUDV PHGLDQWH OD IyUPXOD ൌ ሺʹͳ ሻ GRQGH HV XQD
FRQVWDQWH SRVLWLYD \ Ͳ ൏ ൏ ʹͳ ¢$ TXp SHVR VH WLHQH OD WDVD Pi[LPD GH
FUHFLPLHQWR"
D ʹͳ OLEUDV E ʹͳ OLEUDV
F ͳͲǤͷ OLEUDV G ͳͲ OLEUDV
8QREMHWRVHODQ]DYHUWLFDOPHQWHKDFLDDUULEDGHVGHODD]RWHDGHXQHGLILFLRFRQ
YHORFLGDGLQLFLDOGHͳͶͶ Ȁ 6XGLVWDQFLD ሺ ሻ HQPHWURVVREUHHOSLVRDORV
VHJXQGRV GH VHU ODQ]DGR HVWi GDGD SRU ሺ ሻ ൌ ͳͶͶ ͳͲͲ /D DOWXUD
E C
T
Pi[LPDVREUHHOSLVR\ODDOWXUDGHOHGLILFLRVRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
D ͶʹǤͶ \ͳͲǤͲ E ͳͲǤͲ \ͶʹǤͶ
A
F ͶʹͶǤͲ \ ͳͲͲǤͲ G ͳͲͲǤͲ \ͶʹͶǤͲ
N
(OSDJRGLDULRGHXQDFXDGULOODGHWUDEDMDGRUHVHVGLUHFWDPHQWHSURSRUFLRQDODO
I
Q~PHUR GH WUDEDMDGRUHV 6L XQD FXDGULOOD GH ͳʹ WUDEDMDGRUHV JDQD ̈́ͷͶͲͲ
GLDULR(OSDJRGLDULRHQIXQFLyQGHOQ~PHURGHWUDEDMDGRUHV HVWiGDGRSRUOD
H[SUHVLyQ
U
D ሺ ሻ ൌ ͶͷͲ E ሺ ሻൌ
N
F ሺ ሻൌ ͶͷͲ G ሺ ሻൌ
C
8QDIiEULFDGHOiPSDUDVWLHQHFRVWRVILMRVGḦ́͵ǡͲͲͲ \HOFRVWRGHODPDQRGH
REUD\GHPDWHULDOHVHVGḦ́ͳͷ SRUOiPSDUDHQFXHQWUHODIXQFLyQGHFRVWRWRWDO
GHOQ~PHURGHOiPSDUDVSURGXFLGDV6LFDGDOiPSDUDVHYHQGHD̈́ʹͷODIXQFLyQ
D
GHXWLOLGDGHVWiGDGDSRU
E
D ሺ ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ͵ǡͲͲͲ E ሺ ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ͵ǡͲͲͲ
F ሺ ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ͵ǡͲͲͲ G ሺ ሻ ൌ ͳͲ ͵ǡͲͲͲ
N
8QLQFHQGLRHQ XQFDPSRDELHUWRVHFRVHSURSDJDHQIRUPDFLUFXODU6LHOUDGLR
I
GH HVWH FtUFXOR DXPHQWD D XQD YHORFLGDG GH Ȁ ([SUHVH HO iUHD WRWDO
LQFHQGLDGD HQ FRPRXQDIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR HQPLQXWRV
M
D ሺ ሻ ൌ ͵ E ሺ ሻൌ
F ሺ ሻൌ G ሺ ሻ ൌ ͵
'RVEDUFRVSDUWHQGHXQSXHUWRDODPLVPDKRUDXQRYLDMDDORHVWHFRQXQD
YHORFLGDGGHͳ Ȁ \HORWURKDFLDHOVXUDͳʹ Ȁ 6L HVHOWLHPSRHQKRUDV
TXHKDWUDQVFXUULGRGHVGHVXVSDUWLGDVH[SUHVHODGLVWDQFLD HQWUHORVEDUFRV
FRPRXQDIXQFLyQGHOWLHPSR
C
D ሺ ሻ ൌ Ͷ͵͵ E ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹͲǤͺͳ
E
F ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹͲǤͺͳ G ሺ ሻ ൌ Ͷ͵͵
T
6HGHVHDFRQVWUXLUXQWDQTXHGHDFHURSDUDDOPDFHQDUJDVSURSDQR6XIRUPD
GHEHVHUODGHXQFLOLQGURUHFWRFLUFXODUGHͳͲ GHDOWXUDFRQ XQDVHPLHVIHUD
A
XQLGDHQFDGDH[WUHPR6XUDGLR GHEHGHWHUPLQDUVHH[SUHVHHOYROXPHQ
GHOWDQTXHPHGLGRHQSLHVF~ELFRVHQIXQFLyQGH
N
D ሺ ሻൌʹ ͷ E ሺ ሻൌ ͳͲ
I
F ሺ ሻൌʹ ͷ G ሺ ሻൌ
U
/DH[SUHVLyQ Ͷ ൌ Ͷ͵ HVFULWD HQVXIRUPDORJDUtWPLFD
HV
N
Ͷ ൌ Ͷ͵
͵ ൌ Ͷ͵
C
Ͷ͵ ൌ ͵
Ͷ͵ ൌ Ͷ
/DH[SUHVLyQ
E D Ͷ
ʹ
ODVYDULDEOHV ǡ ǡ WLHQHODIRUPD
UHHVFULWDFRPRFRPELQDFLyQGHORJDULWPRVHQXQDGH
I N
D ൊ
M
F
/D FDQWLGDG GH UDGLR SXUR TXH TXHGD GHVSXpV GH DxRV FXDQGR
LQLFLDOPHQWHVHWHQtD PLOLJUDPRVHV
ൌ ʹ
(OWLHPSR H[SUHVDGRHQWpUPLQRVGH HV
D ൌ ͳͲͲ ͳͲͲ
C
E ൌ ͳͲͲ ͳͲͲ
E
F ൌ ͳͲͲ ͳͲͲ
T
G ൌ ͳͲͲ ͳͲͲ
A
(OQ~PHUR GHEDFWHULDV HQXQFLHUWRFXOWLYRHQXQWLHPSR HVWiGDGR
SRU ൌ ͳͲ ͵ Ǥ (OWLHPSR HQIXQFLyQGH XWLOL]DQGRORJDULWPRV GH
N
EDVH͵HV
I
ൌ Ͷ ͳͲ
ൌ Ͷ ͳͲ
ൌ Ͷ ͳͲ
U
ൌ Ͷ ሺ ͳͲሻ
N
6HGDXQDFLUFXQIHUHQFLDGHUDGLRͳͲ (OFRVHQRGHOiQJXORTXHIRUPDQODV
WDQJHQWHV DGLFKDFLUFXQIHUHQFLDWUD]DGDVSRUORVH[WUHPRVGH XQDFXHUGDGH
C
ͳͷ GHORQJLWXGHV
D E F G
E D
/D DOWXUD GH XQ iUERO TXH HVWi VLWXDGR VREUH XQ WHUUHQR OODQR VDELHQGR TXH
GHVGHXQSXQWRGHOVXHORVHREVHUYDVXFRSDEDMRXQiQJXORGHHOHYDFLyQGH
Ͷͷι \GHVGHXQSXQWRͳͷ PHWURVPiVFHUFDGHOiUERODXQiQJXORGHͲι HV
N
D ͵ͲǤͷ E Ͷͷ F ͵ͳǤ G ͵ͷǤͶͻ
I
M
Paz para Vivir y Prosperar 14
Guía de Autoestudio de Matemática 2019
C
6HDODIXQFLyQ GDGDSRUODUHJOD ሺ ሻ ൌ ͵ ʹ6LORVHQXQFLDGRV
, HVFyQFDYDKDFLDDEDMR
E
,, LQWHUVHFDDOHMH HQXQVRORSXQWR
T
,,, LQWHUVHFDDOHMH\H[DFWDPHQWHHQHOSXQWRሺͲǡʹሻ
KDFHQ UHIHUHQFLD D DOJXQDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH OD JUiILFD GH OD IXQFLyQ
A
HQWRQFHVVRQFLHUWRV
D ,,\ ,,, E ,\ ,, F ,,, G ,
I N
ሻ ǡ VHREWLHQHODH[SUHVLyQ
U
E ʹ
ʹ
F Ͳ
N
G ͳ
C
(OYDORUGH TXHVDWLVIDFHODHFXDFLyQʹ ͷ ሺʹ ͵ሻ ൌ ʹ HV
D ͵Ǥͷ E ͶǤͷ F Ͷ G ͷ
6L
D
ൌ \
EͶD
FXDGUDQWHHQWRQFHVHOYDORUGH
F G
Ͷ
HV
N
͵ ͷ
I
(QODILJXUDVL
ORQJLWXG GH
ൌ ͳ \ ൌ ͲǤͷ¢FXiOHVOD
UHGRQGHDGD D OD FHQWpVLPD PiV
M
FHUFDQD"
D ͳǤʹͷ E ͳǤͶͳ
F ͳǤͷͲ G ͳǤ͵
8QD WRUUH HVWi VLWXDGD HQ XQD FROLQD /D FROLQD IRUPD XQ iQJXOR GH ͳͶǤʹι
UHVSHFWRDODKRUL]RQWDO(QXQSXQWR FRORFDGRDʹǤͷPHWURVFROLQDDEDMR\
PHGLGRGHVGHHOFHQWURGHODEDVHGHODWRUUHVHIRUPDXQiQJXORGHHOHYDFLyQ
FRQODF~VSLGHGHODWRUUHGHͶ͵Ǥιǡ HQWRQFHVODDOWXUDGHODWRUUHPLGH
D ͻͻǤʹͷ
C
E ͺǤ͵ͳ
E
F ͷͻǤͷʹ
G ͶʹǤ͵
AT
8QVHxRUDFHSWDXQHPSOHRFRPRYHQGHGRUGHFLHUWRSURGXFWR6XVXHOGRVHUi
N
̈́ͳͲ SRUFDGDXQLGDGYHQGLGDPiVXQDFRPLVLyQGLDULDGH ̈́͵Ͳ¢&XiOGHODV
I
H[SUHVLRQHVVLJXLHQWHVUHSUHVHQWDHOVXHOGRGHͷ GtDVGHWUDEDMR"
D ൌ ͷͲ ͳͷͲ
E ൌ ͷሺ ͵Ͳሻ
U
F ൌ ͳͲ ͳͷͲ
N
G ൌ ͷሺͳͲ ͵Ͳሻ
C
6L ሺ ሻ ൌ ͵\ ሺ ሻ ൌ Ͷ VRQODVOH\HVGHDVLJQDFLyQGHGRVIXQFLRQHV
UHDOHV HQWRQFHVHOYDORUGH͵ ሺ ͳሻ ሺʹሻ HV
D ʹͶ E ͵ F G ͵Ͳ
/DH[SUHVLyQͳʹ
D
E D
ሺͺ
ሻ
E ͳʹ
HVHTXLYDOHQWHD
N
F ͳʹ G ʹͶ ͳʹ
I
&RQVLGHUHODIXQFLyQ ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹ ʹ Ͷ ͷ FRQ HQORVQ~PHURVUHDOHV
(O PHQRUYDORU TXHDOFDQ]DODIXQFLyQHV
M
ͳ
͵
ͷ
Ͳ
C
G ሺ ሻ
T E
A
E ʹ
F ʹ
I N
G 1LQJXQDGHODVDQWHULRUHV
U
D
E
F
G
6L
D ͲǤͶ
F ͲǤͲͻʹ
ൌ ͲǤʹHQWRQFHV
ʹ
E ͲǤͻʹ
G ͲǤͶͶ
C N
HVLJXDOD
6L
E D
¢SDUDFXiOHVQ~PHURVUHDOHVʹ
D 3DUDWRGRVORVQ~PHURVUHDOHV
E 3DUDQLQJ~QQ~PHURUHDO
HVXQQ~PHURQHJDWLYR"
I N
F ÒQLFDPHQWHVL ൏ Ͳ
G 6RODPHQWHSDUD ൏ ͳ
M
/DJUiILFDGHODIXQFLyQGDGDSRU ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ Ͳ൏ ൏ ͳ HV
D FUHFLHQWH
E GHFUHFLHQWH
F QLFUHFLHQWHQLGHFUHFLHQWH
G FRQVWDQWH
/DJUiILFDGHODILJXUDGHODGHUHFKDUHSUHVHQWDODJUiILFD
GHXQDIXQFLyQGHODIRUPD
D ሺ ሻൌ ǡ Ͳ൏ ൏ͳ
E ሺ ሻൌ ǡ ͳ൏
F ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ Ͳ൏ ൏ͳ
C
G ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ ͳ൏
/D JUiILFD GH OD ILJXUD GH OD GHUHFKD UHSUHVHQWD OD
T E
A
JUiILFDGHXQDIXQFLyQGHODIRUPD
D ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ Ͳ൏ ൏ͳ
N
ሺ ሻൌ
I
E ǡ ͳ൏
F ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ Ͳ൏ ൏ͳ
G ሺ ሻ ൌ ǡ ͳ൏
U
GHFRRUGHQDGDV
C N
(OYpUWLFHGHODJUiILFDGHODIXQFLyQGDGDSRU ሺ ሻ ൌ HVHOSXQWR
D
D ሺ ͵ǡ ͳሻ
E ሺ͵ǡ ͳሻ
E
F ሺͳǡ ͵ሻ
G ሺ ͳǡ ͵ሻ
I N
M
/DJUiILFDGHODIXQFLyQGDGDSRU ሺ ሻ ൌ ʹ ͵ FRUWDDOHMH HQHOSXQWRGH
FRRUGHQDGDV
D ሺͲǡ ͵ሻ
E ሺ͵ǡ Ͳሻ
F ሺʹǡ ͵ሻ
G ሺͲǡ ͵ሻ
C
G ሾ ͳǡ ͵ሿ
E
*(20(75Ë$$1$/Ë7,&$
T
'DGRVORVSXQWRV ሺ ͷሻ\ ሺͳͲሻHQFXHQWUDODFRRUGHQDGDGHOSXQWR WDOTXH
ൌ \ ǣ ൌ ʹǣ ͳ͵
D ͳʹ E ͵ F ͳʹ G ͵
NA
I
VHJPHQWRHQODUD]yQͷǣ ʹ HV ሺͷሻ+DOOHODFRRUGHQDGDGHORWURH[WUHPR
D ͳͳ E ͳͳ F ͳͳǤͷ GͳͲ
U
(OWULiQJXORGHYpUWLFHV ሺ ʹǡ ͺሻ ሺ ǡ ͳሻ \ ሺͲǡ Ͷሻ HV
N
D ,VyVFHOHV E (TXLOiWHUR F 5HFWiQJXOR G 5HFWiQJXORLVyVFHOHV
C
'DGRVORVSXQWRV ሺ ʹǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺǡ Ͳሻǡ ሺ ǡ ሻ'HWHUPLQH ODVFRRUGHQDGDV
SRVLWLYDVGH GHPDQHUDTXHHOWULiQJXOR VHDHTXLOiWHUR
D
D ሺʹǡ Ͷ ͵ሻ E ʹǡ Ͷ ͵ F ʹǡ Ͷ ͵ G ʹǡ Ͷ ͵
E
/RVYpUWLFHVGHXQSDUDOHORJUDPRVRQሺʹǡ Ͷሻሺǡ ʹሻሺͺǡ ሻ\ሺͶǡ ͺሻ/DORQJLWXGGH
N
XQDGHVXVGLDJRQDOHVDSUR[LPDGDD GRVGHFLPDOHVHV
D ǤͲͲ
M
+DOODUORVSXQWRVGHDEVFLVD͵ TXHGLVWHͳͲ XQLGDGHVGHOSXQWR ሺ ͵ǡ ሻ
6DELHQGR TXH HO SXQWR ሺͻǡ ʹሻ GLYLGH DO VHJPHQWR TXH GHWHUPLQDQ ORV SXQWRV
ሺǡ ͺሻ \ ሺ ǡ ሻ HQODUD]yQ ൌ ͵ǣ KDOODUODVFRRUGHQDGDVGH
(QFRQWUDU ODV FRRUGHQDGDV GH XQ SXQWR ሺ ǡ ሻ TXH GLYLGD DO VHJPHQWR FX\RV
H[WUHPRVVRQ ሺͷǡ ͵ሻ \ ሺ ͵ǡ ͵ሻ HQODUD]yQͳǣ ͵
D ሺͳǡሻ E ሺ͵ǡ ͳǤͷሻ F ሺ ͳǡሻ G ሺͳǡ ሻ
(QFXHQWUHORVH[WUHPRVGHOVHJPHQWRFX\RSXQWRPHGLRHVሺʹǡ ͳሻVLODDEVFLVD
GHXQRGHHOORVHV \ODRUGHQDGDGHORWURHV
C
D ሺǡͳሻሺ ʹǡ ͳሻ E ሺǡ ͵ሻሺ ʹǡ ͳሻ
E
F ሺǡ ͵ሻሺ ʹǢ ͳሻ G ሺǡ Ͷሻሺ ʹǡ ሻ
T
'HWHUPLQHHOiUHDUHGRQGHDGRDOHQWHURPiVFHUFDQRGHOWULiQJXORUHFWiQJXOR
A
LVyVFHOHVGHYpUWLFHV ሺͳʹǡ ሻǡ ሺͺǡʹሻ \ ሺ ʹǡ ሻ
D ͷͺ Eͷͻ Fͷ G ͷͺ H ͷ
HOSXQWRGHLQWHUVHFFLyQGHODVUHFWDVʹ ͺ ൌ Ͳ\͵
I N
+DOODUODHFXDFLyQGHODUHFWDFX\RiQJXORGHLQFOLQDFLyQHV Ͷͷι \TXHSDVDSRU
ʹ ͻ ൌ Ͳ
U
D ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ E ͻൌͲ
N
F ͷൌͲ G ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ
8QD UHFWD SDVD SRU HO SXQWR ሺǡͺሻ \ HV SDUDOHOD D OD UHFWD TXH SDVD SRU ORV
C
SXQWRV ሺ ʹǡʹሻ \ ሺ͵ǡ Ͷሻ6XHFXDFLyQHV
D ͺʹ ൌ Ͳ E ͷ ͺʹ ൌ Ͳ
F ͺʹ ൌ Ͳ
E D G ͷ ͺʹ ൌ Ͳ
N
+DOODUODHFXDFLyQGHODPHGLDWUL]GHOVHJPHQWRFX\RVH[WUHPRVVRQ ሺ Ͷǡ ͷሻ \
I
ሺͳǡ Ͷሻ
D ͷ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ E ͷ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ
M F ͷ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ G ͷ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ
D ͳͳ E ͳ F ͳ G ͳͳ
C
/DHFXDFLyQGHODFLUFXQIHUHQFLDFRQFHQWURHQሺ ͵ǡ ͷሻ \TXHSDVDSRUሺͳǡ ͷHV
E
D ͳͲ ൌ ͳͺ E ͳͲ ൌ ͳͺ
T
F ͳͲ ൌ ͳͺ G ൌ ͳͺ
A
&DOFXOH OD ORQJLWXG UHGRQGHDGD DO HQWHUR PiV FHUFDQR GH OD FXHUGD GH OD
FLUFXQIHUHQFLD ൌ ͺ GHWHUPLQDGDSRUODUHFWDVHFDQWH ൌ ͳ
N
D Eͷ FͶ G ͷ
I
'HWHUPLQHODHFXDFLyQGHODUHFWDWDQJHQWHDODFLUFXQIHUHQFLD
ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ HQHOSXQWRሺͳǡ ͳሻ
U
D ൌʹ E ൌʹ F ൌ ʹ G ൌ ʹ
N
'HORVVLJXLHQWHVSXQWRVHO~QLFRTXHVHHQFXHQWUDVREUHODFLUFXQIHUHQFLD
ʹ ͳͲ ൌ ͳ HV
C
D ሺ ʹǡ ͳሻ E ǡ F ሺͳǡ ͳሻ G ሺ Ͷǡ ͷሻ
/D HFXDFLyQ GH XQD FLUFXQIHUHQFLD HV ͳͲ Ͷ Ͷ ൌ Ͳ (O SXQWR
D
PHGLR GH XQD FXHUGD GH HVWD FLUFXQIHUHQFLD HV HO SXQWR ሺ ͶǤͷǡ ʹǤͷሻ /D
HFXDFLyQGHODFXHUGDHV
E
D ʹൌͲ E ʹ ʹൌͲ
N
E ʹ ʹൌͲ G ʹൌͲ
I
/DHFXDFLyQGHODFLUFXQIHUHQFLDFRQFHQWURHQHOSXQWRGHLQWHUVHFFLyQGHODV
M
UHFWDV͵ ͵ ൌ ͳͷ \ʹ ʹ ൌ ʹ \UDGLR ൌ HV
D Ͷ ൌ Ͷͻ E Ͷ ൌ Ͷͻ
F Ͷ ൌ ͵ G Ͷ ൌ ͵
D ൌ ʹʹ ͳͳ E ൌ ʹʹ ͳͳ
F ; ൌ ʹʹ G ൌ ʹʹ ͳͳ
C
ͳ ͳ
D ሺͲǡ ʹሻ \ ൌ E ǡͲ \ ൌ
ʹ ʹ
E
ͳ ͳ ͳ
F ǡ \ ൌ G Ͳǡ \ ൌ
ʹ ʹ ʹ
/RVSXQWRVGHLQWHUVHFFLyQGHODSDUiEROD ; ൌ ͳ
VRQ
D ሺ ʹͶǡ ͳʹሻǢ ሺ ǡ ሻ E ሺ ͵ǡ ʹͶሻǢ ሺ Ͷǡ ͺሻ
AT
FRQODUHFWD ൌ ͳʹ
N
F ሺ ʹͶǡ ͳʹሻǢ ሺ ǡ ሻ G ሺʹͶǡ ͳʹሻǢ ሺǡ ሻ
I
U
\TXHSDVDSRUHOSXQWRGHLQWHUVHFFLyQGHODVUHFWDVͶ ͵ ൌ ͳͶ \
͵ ʹ ൌ ʹ HV
N
D ൌʹ E ʹ ൌ F ൌ ʹ G ൌ
C
6LODORQJLWXGGHOHMHPD\RUHVͳ \ODGLVWDQFLDIRFDOHVͺHQWRQFHVODHFXDFLyQ
GHODHOLSVHFRQHMHIRFDOHQHOHMH HV
D
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
E
'HWHUPLQHODHFXDFLyQGHODHOLSVHTXHSDVDSRU ǡ ͵ VXHMHPD\RUHVHOHMH
N
\ ൌ ʹ
D Ͷ
I ͳ ൌ ͳͷͳ E Ͷ ͳ ൌ ͳͷͳ
M
F Ͷ ͳ ൌ ͷͳ G Ͷ ͳ ൌ ͳͷͳ
D ͷ E F ͷ G Ͷ
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
E C
T
D E F G
ʹ
A
/DHFXDFLyQGHODHOLSVHTXHSDVDSRUሺ͵ǡ ʹ ͵ሻFRQYpUWLFHFRUUHVSRQGLHQWH
DOHMHPHQRUሺͲǡ Ͷሻ HV
I N
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
U
/D HFXDFLyQ GH OD HOLSVH FX\RV IRFRV VRQ ሺͲǡ ʹሻ \ ሺͲ ʹሻ \ ሺ ǡ ሻ HV XQ
SXQWRFXDOTXLHUDGHODHOLSVHFRQ ൌ ͳͲ HV
N
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
C
/DVFRRUGHQDGDVGHORVYpUWLFHVGHXQDKLSpUERODVRQሺͲǡ േͳͳሻ \VXVIRFRV
ሺͲǡ േͳʹሻ(QWRQFHVVXHFXDFLyQHV
D
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
E
N
/RVIRFRVGHODKLSpUEROD ; ͵ ; ൌ ͵ VRQ
I
D ሺͲǡ േ ͵ E ሺേ ͵ǡ Ͳሻ F ሺͲǡ േ͵ሻ G ሺേ͵ǡ Ͳሻ
M
/DHFXDFLyQGHODKLSpUERODGHFHQWURHQHORULJHQHMHWUDQVYHUVRGHORQJLWXG
ͳʹHMHWUDQVYHUVRVREUHHOHMH \TXHSDVDSRUHOSXQWRሺͺǡ ͳͶሻ HV
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
D ൌͳ E ൌͳ F ൌͳ G ൌͳ
C
FͶͻ ͻ ൌ ͶͶͳ G Ͷͻ ͻ ൌ ͶͶͳ
T
ͳ͵ሻ\ ሺ ǡ ሻ HV
E
A
F ͳͶͶ ʹͷ ൌ ͵ͲͲ G ͳͶͶ ͳͶͶ ൌ ͵ͲͲ
N
'HWHUPLQHODHFXDFLyQGHODKLSpUERODTXHSDVDSRUORVSXQWRVሺ͵ǡ ʹሻ\ሺǡ ሻ
I
DGHPiVVXVIRFRVVHXELFDQVREUHHOHMH
D ͳ ʹͲ ൌ Ͷ Eͳ ʹͲ ൌ Ͷ
U
F ͳ ʹͲ ൌ Ͷ Gͳ ʹͲ ൌ Ͷ
N
&DOFXOH ORV SXQWRV GH LQWHUVHFFLyQ GH OD UHFWD ʹ ͻ ͳʹ ൌ Ͳ FRQ ODV
DVtQWRWDVGHODKLSpUERODͶ ͻ ൌ ͵
C
D ሺͳǤͷǡ ͳሻ \ሺ͵ǡ ʹሻ E ሺ ͳǤͷǡ ͳሻ \ሺ ͵ǡ ʹሻ F ሺ ͳǤͷǡ ͳሻ \ሺ͵ǡ ʹሻ Gሺ ͳǤͷǡ ͳሻ \ ሺ͵ǡ ʹሻ
E D
N
*(20(75,$(8&/,',$1$
I
6L ȁȁ ǡ ൌ ǡ ൌ ǡ ൌ ǡ ¢FXiQWR PLGH HO VHJPHQWR ǡ
UHGRQGHDGRDODFHQWpVLPDPiVFHUFDQD"
M
Ǥ ʹǤ͵͵
ǤʹǤ
Ǥ͵Ǥ͵͵
Ǥ͵Ǥ
C
͵
ͳ
E
Ǥ
͵
T
ǤͲ
Ǥͳ
(QODILJXUDODPHGLGDGHODUFRHV
FR
NA
ιHQWRQFHVODPHGLGDGHODUFR\
R
I
HO VRQUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH
Ǥ ͳͲͲι ͷͲιι
ǤͳʹͲι Ͳι
Ͳι
U ι
N
ǤͲι ͵ͷι
ͷι
C
ǤͳͶͲι Ͳι
D
/RVGLiPHWURVGHGRVFLOLQGURVFLUFXODUHVUHFWRVFRQFpQWULFRVVRQ \
E
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH\ODJHQHUDWUL]FRP~QHVGH ǡ HQWRQFHVHOYROXPHQGHO
HVSDFLRTXHTXHGDHQWUHDPERVFLOLQGURVHV
N
ǤʹͲ Ǥ ͺͷͲ Ǥ ͻͲͲ Ǥ ͳʹͲͲ
I
(QHOJUiILFR ǡ ൌ ǡ ൌ ǡ ൌ ǡ
6LODVXQLGDGHVHVWiQHQFHQWtPHWURVHOYDORUGH HVGH
ൌ \ ൌ
M Ǥ
Ǥͷ
ǤͶ
Ǥ͵
C
Ǥͳʹ
T
VRQHTXLOiWHURV
E
A
6LHOiUHDGHOFXDGUDGRHVGH ¢&XiOHVODGLVWDQFLDGH D "
N
Ǥ ͳ
I
Ǥ ʹ
͵
Ǥ
U
ʹ
Ǥʹ
(QODILJXUDHOiUHDGHOFXDGUDGR
C N HV \ ǡ ǡ \ VRQSXQWRV
D
PHGLRV GH FDGD ODGR 6L ORV YpUWLFHV ǡ ǡ \ VRQ FHQWURV GH FDGD DUFR
IRUPDGR ¢FXiO HV OD PHGLGD GH OD GLIHUHQFLD GHO iUHD VRPEUHDGD \ OD QR
E
VRPEUHDGD"
N
͵
I
ǤͶ
Ͷ
͵
Ǥ
M
Ͷ
ǤͶ
͵
Ǥ
ʹ
(OFLOLQGURGHODILJXUDHVWDKHFKRGHGRVFtUFXORV\XQUHFWiQJXORGHSDSHO
HQUROODGR6LHOiUHDGHFDGDXQRGHORVFtUFXORV\GHOUHFWiQJXORHVGH
¢&XiOHVHOYROXPHQGHOFLOLQGUR"
C
Ǥ Ͷ
Ǥ ͵ʹ
E
Ǥ ͳ
T
Ǥͺ
'HDFXHUGRFRQODVPHGLGDVGHODILJXUD\VDELHQGRTXH
NA ǡ VH
I
DVHJXUDTXHODPHGLGDHQ GHOVHJPHQWR HV
U
Ǥ ʹ ͳͳ
ʹͷ ͳͳ
N
Ǥ
ͳͺ
C
ͳͳ
Ǥ
ʹ
ͳͺ
Ǥ
D
ʹͷ
E
HOYDORUGH
I N
6LHQHOWULiQJXORUHFWiQJXORYHUILJXUD
HVGH
ൌ \ ൌ ǡ HQWRQFHV
M
Ǥ ͷ
ǤͶ ͷ
Ǥͺ
Ǥͳ
(Q OD ILJXUD VH PXHVWUD TXH HV WDQJHQWH D OD FLUFXQIHUHQFLD GH FHQWUR
HQHOSXQWR Ǥ 6LODPHGLGDGHOiQJXOR HV ιǡ HQWRQFHVOD PHGLGDGHO
DUFR HVGH
Ǥ ͵Ͳι
ǤͲι
C
Ǥͷι
E
ǤͻͲι
AT
\ ǡ
N
UHVSHFWLYDPHQWHYHUILJXUD/DGLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODViUHDVGHODSDUWHREVFXUD
I
\ODFXDGULFXODGDHVGH
Ǥ ;
U
Ǥʹ ;
N
Ǥ͵ ;
ǤͶ ;
C
E D
/DILJXUDFRQVWDGHQXHYHFXERVLGpQWLFRVSHJDGRV8VDQGRODPLVPDFRPREDVHOD
N
FDQWLGDGGHFXELWRVTXHIDOWDQSDUDFRQVWUXLUXQFXERVyOLGRGHEHQVHU
I
͘ ͳͺ
M
͘ ʹ
͘ ͷͷ
͘ Ͷ
D WDPELpQGHEHVHUSHUSHQGLFXODUD \
C
E \ VRQSDUDOHODV
E
F 3RGHPRVHQFRQWUDUXQDUHFWD TXHVHDSDUDOHODD \QRSHUSHQGLFXODUD
G 1LQJXQDGHODVUHVSXHVWDVDQWHULRUHV
AT
N
D ͵ͷιǡ ͳͲͲι E ͵Ͳιǡ ͳͲͷι F ͷιǡ Ͳι G ͺͲιǡ ͷͷι
I
'RViQJXORVVRQFRPSOHPHQWDULRV7UHVYHFHVODPHGLGDGHXQRGHHOORVHV
͵Ͳι PiVTXHHOGREOHGHODGHORWUR/DVPHGLGDVGHORViQJXORVGHGLFKRV
U
iQJXORVVRQ
N
D Ͷͷιǡ Ͷͷι E Ͳιǡ ͵Ͳι F ͵ιǡ ͳι G Ͷʹιǡ Ͷͺι
C
(OiUHDGHOWULiQJXORGHODILJXUDGDGDHV
D ͳʹ E F G
E D
N
/RVODGRVGHXQWULiQJXORUHFWiQJXORVRQSURSRUFLRQDOHVDORVQ~PHURV
͵ǡ Ͷǡ ͷ \WLHQHXQiUHDGHʹͶ Ǥ /DVPHGLGDVGHVXVODGRVVRQ
I
D E \ F G
M
3DUDHO ǡ ǡ ൌ ǡ ൌ Ǥ +DOODU
HQFHQWtPHWURV Ǥ
D ͵Ͳ Eʹͷ F͵Ͷ Gʹͺ
E C
T
D ൌ ͵ǡͷ E ൌ ͳǡͷ F ͵ G Ͷǡͷ
NA
I
(OiUHDGHOSROtJRQRGHODGHUHFKDHV
U
N
D Ͳ
E ͻʹ
C
F ͻͲ
G Ͷͷ
E D
N
(Q XQ UHFWiQJXOR ǡ ൌ ʹͲ \
I
ൌ ͳͷǤ /D GLVWDQFLD GHO YpUWLFH D OD
GLDJRQDO HV
M
D E F G
C
D E ͻ
F ͺ G ͳͲ
8QDFDEUDVHDPDUUDHQODHVTXLQD
GH XQD ERGHJD PHGLDQWH XQD
FXHUGD GH ͳʹ PHWURV GH ORQJLWXG
T E
A
YHU ILJXUD (O H[WHULRU GH OD
ERGHJD SRVHH DEXQGDQWH SDVWR \
N
ODFDEUDSHUPDQHFHSRU XQWLHPSR
I
VXILFLHQWHGHPRGRTXHOHSHUPLWD
FRPHU WRGRHOSDVWRTXHHVWi DVX
DOFDQFH(OiUHD GHODVXSHUILFLHGH
U
SDVWRTXHVH FRPLyHV
D ͳͳͺ ͳͲͲ
N
E ͳͶʹ ͳͲͲ
C
8QMDUGtQGHIRUPDFLUFXODUQHFHVLWDVHUGLYLGLGRHQGRV]RQDVXQDSDUDHOFpVSHG\
RWUDSDUDSODQWDUIORUHV/D]RQDGHODVIORUHVGHEHVHUXQWHUFLRGHOMDUGtQ\SDUD
D
SURWHJHUODVVHQHFHVLWDFHUUDUHVWDiUHDFRQXQDPDOODTXHWLHQHXQFRVWRGH ̈́ʹǤͷ
SRUPHWUR6LHOUDGLRGHOFtUFXORPLGHʹͲ HOFRVWRGHFHUUDU
E
HOWHUUHQRGHVWLQDGRDODVIORUHV HQGyODUHVHV
I N
(OODGRPD\RUGHOUHFWiQJXORGHODILJXUDPLGHʹͲ /DFXUYDWUD]DGDHQVX
LQWHULRUHVWiIRUPDGDSRUFLQFRVHPLFLUFXQIHUHQFLDV/DORQJLWXGGHODFXUYD
M
HV
D ͳʹ E ͳͲ F Gʹͳ
6HD HO WULiQJXOR UHFWiQJXOR LVyVFHOHV 6L HV XQ GLiPHWUR GH OD
FLUFXQIHUHQFLD\VXORQJLWXGHV ͲHQWRQFHVHOiUHDGHOWULiQJXOR HV
D ͳͳ E ͳ F ͳͷ G ͵ͳ
E C
(QODILJXUD ൌ ͳ͵Ͳι ൌ ͳͳͷι
AT
ൌ ͷι/RVYDORUHVGH ǡ ǡ \
N
VRQ
I
D ൌ ͷͲιǡ ൌ ͷιǡ ൌ ͻͲιǡ ൌ ͶͲι
E ൌ ͷιǡ ൌ Ͳιǡ ൌ Ͳιǡ ൌ Ͷͷι
F ൌ ͷͲιǡ ൌ ͻͲιǡ ൌ ͷιǡ ൌ ͶͲι
U
G ൌ Ͷͷιǡ ൌ ͷιǡ ൌ ͵ͷιǡ ൌ ͳͲͲι
C N
D
(OSROtJRQRGHODILJXUDWLHQHWRGRVVXVODGRVFRQJUXHQWHVGHORQJLWXGͺVXV
E
ODGRV FRQVHFXWLYRV VRQ SHUSHQGLFXODUHV \ ORV RFKR YpUWLFHV HVWiQ VREUH OD
FLUFXQIHUHQFLD(OiUHDGHODUHJLyQVRPEUHDGDHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
N
D ʹͲʹǡͷ E ͳͺͲ F ͳͺʹǡͷ G ʹͻʹǡ͵͵
I
M
(ODULVWDGHXQFXERFX\DiUHDWRWDOHVFP HV
D ͷ ʹ E ʹ ʹ F ͷ ͵ G ͵
(OiUHDWRWDOGHXQSULVPDFX\DEDVHHVXQWULiQJXORHTXLOiWHURSDUDHOFXDO
VXODGRPLGHFP\ODDULVWDODWHUDOHVFPHV
D ʹʹ ͵ E ʹͺͺ ͵ʹ ͵ F ͺ ͵ʹ ͵ G ʹͲͲ ͵ʹ ͵
C
(OiUHDODWHUDO\WRWDOGHXQDSLUiPLGHUHJXODUGHEDVHXQWULiQJXORHTXLOiWHUR
VDELHQGRTXHHOODGRGHODEDVHPLGHͳͲ \ODDOWXUDGHOD SLUiPLGHP
E
HVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
D ͵Ͷǡ͵ E ͵Ͷǡ͵ F ͵Ͷǡ͵ G ͵Ͷǡ͵
AT
(OiUHDWRWDOGHXQFLOLQGURHV ͵ʹ \VXDOWXUDHVHOWULSOHGHOUDGLRGH
VXEDVH(OYROXPHQGHOFLOLQGURHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
N
D ͷʹʹǡͺʹ E ͷʹʹǡͺʹ F ͷʹʹǡͺʹ G ͷʹʹǡͺʹ
I
(QXQFRQRUHFWRFX\DDOWXUDPLGH XQLGDGHVODPHGLDWUL]GHXQDGHVXV
JHQHUDWULFHV LQWHUFHSWD D OD DOWXUD WDO TXH HO VHJPHQWR GH PHGLDWUL]
U
GHWHUPLQDGRPLGHʹ XQLGDGHV(OiUHDODWHUDOGHOFRQRHV
D Ͷ Eͳͺ F ʹ G ʹͶ
N
(OYROXPHQGHODSRUFLyQFyQLFDGHXQKHODGRVLODDOWXUDHVGH
\HO
UDGLRGHODEDVHFPHV
C
Ǥ ͳͳǡʹͺ Eͳʹǡͺ Fʹͳͳǡʹͺ Gʹͻǡʹ
D
8QDSLVFLQDWLHQHSLHVGHODUJR\SLHVGHDQFKR(OIRQGRGHODSLVFLQD
HVOLJHUDPHQWHLQFOLQDGRGHPDQHUDXQLIRUPH(QXQH[WUHPRWLHQHSLHVGH
E
SURIXQGLGDG \ HQ HO RWUR H[WUHPR WLHQH SLHV GH SURIXQGLGDG ¢&XiQWRV
JDORQHVGHDJXDVRQQHFHVDULRVSDUDOOHQDUOD"SLHF~ELFRHTXLYDOHD
JDORQHV
N
Dʹ͵ͲͶ EʹͶͲͲ FͷͲͲ GʹͲͲ
I
/D/XQDHVHO~QLFRVDWpOLWHQDWXUDOGHOD7LHUUD\VXUDGLRHVGHNP
M
$VXPLHQGRGHTXHHVWHHVXQFXHUSRHVIpULFRHOYDORUGHODVXSHUILFLHOXQDU
\HOYROXPHQUHVSHFWLYRHVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWH
D NPNP
E NPNP
F NPNP
G NPNP
UNIDAD I: ARITMETICA
Operaciones con fracciones aritméticas: Suma, Resta, Multiplicación y División.
Proporcionalidad directa e inversa y problemas de aplicación.
Regla de tres simple directa e inversa.
E C
T
Simplificación y operaciones con fracciones algebraicas.
Potenciación y radicación con exponente entero: Propiedades, Operaciones usando potencias y
A
radicales
Resolución de ecuaciones en una variable de primer, segundo y tercer grado.
N
Sistemas de dos ecuaciones lineales con dos variables y problemas de aplicaciones.
I
Sistemas de tres ecuaciones lineales con tres variables y problemas de aplicaciones.
Inecuaciones de primer grado, inecuaciones de segundo grado e inecuaciones de primer grado
U
con valor absoluto, en una variable.
N
UNIDAD III: GEOMETRIA EUCLIDEANA
Semejanza de triángulos (Problemas de aplicación).
C
Teorema de Tales (Problemas de aplicación).
Ángulos formados por dos rectas paralelas cortadas por una transversal.
D
Teoremas: Pitágoras, Altura y de los Catetos.
Circunferencia:
E
Elementos de la circunferencia: Radio, diámetro, cuerda, arco, rectas tangentes y secantes
Ángulos en una circunferencia (Central, Inscritos, semi inscritos, circunscritos, interiores y
N
exteriores).
I
Relaciones métricas en una circunferencia.
Área de regiones planas: triángulo, cuadrilátero, círculo, polígono regular, sector circular y
M
regiones sombreadas. Problemas de aplicación.
Definición y propiedades de cuerpos sólidos, áreas laterales, totales y volúmenes de cuerpos
sólidos: Prisma, cono, cilindro, pirámide y esfera. (No truncados). Problemas de aplicación.
C
Ecuaciones exponenciales, logarítmicas y trigonométricas. Problemas de aplicación.
E
Identidades trigonométricas (básicas).
T
UNIDAD V: GEOMETRIA ANALITICA PLANA
A
Distancia entre dos puntos y división de un segmento en una razón dada.
Ecuaciones de la recta: Punto-pendiente, Dados dos puntos de la recta, pendiente-ordenada y
N
general.
I
Condiciones de paralelismo y perpendicularidad de dos rectas.
Ecuación de la Circunferencia con centro C(h,k) y radio r.
Elementos y gráficas de las cónicas con centro en el origen: Parábola, Elipse e Hipérbola.
U
C N
E D
I N
M
35 Paz para Vivir y Prosperar