12._ PROBLEMS ~ CHAPTER I, MECHANICS PS. Ships which have been emptied of cargo are often refilled with ballast (e.g. sand, water), Why? P6. Given two sets of weighing scales and a long board, how could you determine the position of the center of mass of a person? P7. A mass rests on an inclined plane of angle @ = 30°. The coefficient of static friction is p, =0.6. Draw a diagram showing all the forces acting on the mass, and explain their origin. Calculate their values if the mass is m = 5 kg. Verify that under these conditions the mass will not slide. P8. A mass m = 10 kg hangs by two strings making angles @ = 45° and 8 = 60° to the vertical. The strings are connected through pulleys to two masses and my (see Figure). Find ,,m, such that the mass hangs in equilibrium. ' l ———_——_—-_ ' ' P9. A uniform sphere of mass m and radius r hangs from a string against a smooth vertical wall, the line of the string passing through the ball’s center (see Figure). The string is attached at a height h = V3r above the point where the ball touches the wall. What is the tension T in the string, and the force F exerted by the ball on the wall? If the wall is rough, with coefficient of static friction j4,, are these forces increased or reduced? qT i om,PROBLEMS ~ CHAPTER |. MECHANICS P13. Pl4. PIS. The human forearm can be approximated by a lever as shown in the Figure. Given that L = 20f and the arm weight is w, what muscle force F must be exerted to lift a weight W with the arm at angle @ to the horizontal? Why is it larger than W + w? ‘A box of mass m is pulled by a man holding a rope at an angle @ to the horizontal. A second man pulls horizontally in the opposite direction with a force equal to twice the box’s weight. What is the maximum value 8, of @ such that the box begins to move in the direction of the first man without being lifted from the ground? What, in terms of mg, is the force P then exerted by the first man? A uniform rod of mass m can rotate freely around a horizontal axis O at one end which is fixed to the floor. It is supported at an angle a = 45° to the floor by a string attached to the other end making an angle 3 = 15° to the vertical,STATICS b the free end of the string hanging vertically from a pulley and holding a mass M (see Figure). Find M in terms of m if the system is in equilibrium. Calcu- late the force P exerted by the floor on the axis O, and its direction. (Express your answer in terms of m and g.) P16, A shop puts up a signboard of mass m hanging from the end of a rod of length / and negligible mass, which is hinged to the shop wall at an axis 0. The rod is held horizontal by means of a wire attached to its midpoint and to the wall, a height / above the hinge (see Figure). If the wire will break when its tension 7’ reaches Tinax = 3¢g, what is the minimum height fain (in terms of /) that the wire must be attached to the wall? h iL PI7. A rectangular door of mass M, width w and height A = 3w is supported on two hinges located a distance d = w/4 from its upper and lower edges. If the hinges are arranged so that the upper one carries the entire weight of the door, find the forces (in terms of Mg) exerted on the door by the wo hinges. Lt P18. A uniform rod of mass m Jeans against a smooth vertical wall, making an angle @, with it. Its other end is supported by a smooth plane inclined at an angle 8) to the horizontal (see Figure). Find a relation between the angles16 PROBLEMS - CHAPTER |. MECHANICS 61,82. If 8, = 30° find the forces exerted by the wall and inclined plane on the rod in terms of mg. P19. A uniform ladder leans against a smooth vertical wall, making an angle 6 with a horizontal floor. The coefficient of static friction between the ladder and the floor is jz. Find (in terms of j2) the minimum angle @,, for which the ladder does not slip. P20. In the configuration of the previous problem, a repair worker whose mass is twice that of the ladder wishes to climb to its top. What does the minimum angle @,, become? P21. A uniform rectangular platform of width L hangs by two ropes making angles 0, = 30°,@; = 60° to the vertical. A load of twice the mass of the platform is placed on it to keep it horizontal: how far from the edge of the platform must it be?