REVIEW OF MEAN, VARIANCE AND Exercise:

STANDARD DEVIATION OF A DISCRETE

RANDOM VARIABLE x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x -μ)² (x – μ)²
MEAN P(x)
It is the expected value of x or the average outcome that 0 0.5 0
will be likely obtained if the trials are repeated over and
over again. 1 0.4 0.4
Formula μ = Σ xP(x) 2 0.3 0.6
Example:
Σ xP(x)= Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)]=
x P(x) xP(x)
0 3 0 *Alternative Solution o²= Σ [x²P(x)] - μ²
1 6 6
2 9 18 Example:
3 12 36
x P(x) xP(x) x²P(x)
Σ xP(x)= 60 1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Exercise: 2 0.2 0.4 0.8
Solve for the mean of the given table. 3 0.3 0.9 2.7

x P(x) xP(x) Σ xP(x)= 1.4 Σ x²P(x)=3.6

1 0.7 0.7
2 0.15 0.3 Σ [x²P(x)] - μ²= 3.6 – 1.96
3 0.9 2.7 =1.64
4 0.2 0.8
Exercise:
Σ xP(x)=
x P(x) xP(x) x²P(x)
VARIANCE 1 2
It is the expected value of the square of the difference 2 4
between the assumed value of a random variable and the 3 6
mean.
Formula o² = Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)] Σ xP(x)= Σ x²P(x)=

Example: STANDARD DEVIATION

It is to quantify the amount of variation in a set of values
x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x -μ)² (x – μ)² and is the square root of the variance.
P(x) Formula: o = √Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)]
1 2 2 -27 729 1458
Example:
2 4 8 -26 676 2704
3 6 18 -25 625 3750 x P(x) xP(x) x-μ (x -μ)² (x – μ)²
P(x)
1 1.1 1.1 -8.8 77.44 85.184
Σ xP(x)= 28 Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)]= 7912
2 1.5 3 -7.8 60.84 91.26
3 1.9 5.7 -6.8 46.24 87.856

Handout made by: Gonzales, Marana, Quizada, Tinio, Trinos 11 – St. Bridget
Σ xP(x)= 9.8 Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)]= 264.3 Note: the last 3 parts of the table, x – μ , (x -μ)²,
(x – μ)² P(x), will only be solved when needed or
√Σ [(x – μ) ² P(x)]= 16.2573 asked in the problem.

WORD PROBLEMS ON DISCRETE RANDOM Example 2 :

VARIABLE AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
Using the lesson on mean, variance, and standard A claw machine contains bundles of tickets for players
deviation of a discrete random variable, you will be to win. There is a mixture of 5 bundles of 75 tickets, 10
able to solve word problems on discrete random variable bundles of 50 tickets, and 15 bundles of 25 tickets
and probability distribution. wherein one ticket is equivalent to P5. Mixed with these
tickets as well are 20 fake tickets where you win
Example 1 : nothing. The cost to play the game is P20. If you were to
play the game 5 times, what will be the expected gain or
There will be a fundraising event for the victims of the loss?
recent typhoon where 100 raffle tickets will be sold.
Each raffle ticket cost Php 300 where 4 people will have The first step is to identify the value of x and its
a chance to win Php 20,000, 2 people for Php 50,000 and corresponding probability.
1 person for the grand prize of Php 100,000. Solve for
the expected gain or loss if a person purchases 3 raffle x P(x)
tickets. P375– P20 = P355 5/40 = 1/8
P250– P20 = P230 10/40 = 1/4
Applying the previous lesson, the first step is to P125 – P20 = P105 15/40 = 3/8
identify the value of x and its corresponding -P20 20/40 = 1/2
probability.
You can chose between the 2 formulas in solving
x P(x) word problems. In this problem, the use of the second
P20,000 – P300 = P19700 3/100 solution is shown.
P50, 000 – P300 = P49700 3/100
Using the second solution, proceed in completing the
P100,000 – P300 = P99700 3/100 solution’s corresponding graph.
-P300 91/100
x P(x) xP(x)
You can chose between the 2 formulas in solving P355 1/8 P355/8
word problems. In this problem, the use of the first P230 1/4 P115/2
solution is shown.
P105 3/8 P315/8
x P(x) xP(x) -P20 1/2 -P10
P19700 3/100 P591
Σ xP(x)= P131.25
P49700 3/100 P1491
P131.25 x 5 = P656.25
P99700 3/100 P2991
-P300 91/100 -P273 The expected gain of the game when played 5 times is
P656.25

Σ xP(x)= P4800 Note: the last part of the table, x²P(x), will only be
P4800 x 3 = P14,400 solved when needed or asked in the problem.

The gain in this fundraising event when you

purchased 3 tickets is P14,400

Handout made by: Gonzales, Marana, Quizada, Tinio, Trinos 11 – St. Bridget
ADDITIONAL EXERCISE:

A game is prepared by the student council to contribute

in the incoming fair. The game includes a box containing
20 red papers, 20 blue papers, and 20 yellow papers. If
you pick a red paper, you win P100. If you pick a yellow
paper, you win P50. If you pick a blue paper you lose
P15. To play this game you have to pay P20. Solve for
the expected gain or loss of the game if you played 5
times

Handout made by: Gonzales, Marana, Quizada, Tinio, Trinos 11 – St. Bridget