SECOND GRADE ENGINEER (INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE) PART B — PAPERII Question 1 - june 2008 a) Explain steps used in Dye Penetrant Testing 'b) Name five characteristics ideal for a dye penetrant used in Dye Penetrant Testing ANSWER, 1. There are ive essential steps in employing Dye Penetrant Testing 1. surface preparation 2, apply penetrant 3. D penetrant 6. aply developer and interpretation 1. Surface Preparation = One of the most crtical steps of a = The surface must be may prevent penet = +The sample may also 1 ime 4, Removing of excess ¢ of oll, grease, water, or other contaminants that Clching if mechanical operations such as ‘machining, sanding, or grit blasting have been performed. These and ‘ther mechanical oper prevent the penetrant from entering 2, Apply penetrant Once the surface has been thoroughly cleaned and dried, the penetrant ms is applied by spraying, brushing, or Immers! the part in a penetrant bath 18 can smear metal over the flaw opening andeu “Aunuquoospp © sey uoWeds ou) 4] TUsUIdINbo JeDads 10 youBeU e AG pavean pray ajauBew Buons 2 ya pazyouBew si uswuoods ys01 NyauBewoLio) y (sype20 peoyeno ‘ede, wo9sIp uoKoNpald yjog YaIeP ued uonsadsul ajaNEd anoUBEN Sunsej apnied anauben + senbiuyoe, LON Gummoroy tn Ayaug equesec ‘4 ‘severew“e SpoyroUr “Z SMIMUUODSIP 40 DO}0p “L ‘Aouieu ‘uonuyep sup U s|uOWD|® WeLOduN 99.4) axe BI=UL, 189) J9pun euaew aig Konsap Jo eBewrep You op YoruN spoyiau! Bussn sanMUUOSSIP aN 40 pojap eoejins pue jewse\U! yo9}aP 0} sleUoJeW! Jo Buse eM {4.9N) Suysey anjonsysep uoU kq weow 5} eUNA "® wounokpp3 ‘Aysesb0pey Buys ayied aqaubeyt + Senblutoo LON Suywotog un Ayu aqu9seq “4 CaN) Busey argonssap uou Aqueous 5 eUM soz Jequieseq z uonsonD, uy ouy Avan e se peaids 0} agesDevelopers come in a variety of forms that may be applied by dusting (dry powdered), dipping, or spraying (wet developers). = The developer is allowed to stand on the part surface for a period of tne sufficient to permit the ext surfac = This development time is usually a minimum of 10 minutes. Significantly longer times may be necessary for taht cracks. Inspection is then performed under appropriate lighting to detect indication fom any flaws which may be present Clean Surface The final step in the process is to thoroughly clean the part surface to remove the developer from the parts that were found to be acceptable, 'b) Name five characteristics ideal for a dye penetrant used in Dye Penetrant Testing AA penetrant is. {a penetrate into every opening available ‘The desirable feature of an ideal dye penetant are: 1. able to enter very fine discontinuities 2. not easily removable from wide or shallow discontnutles until required 3, easily removable from the surface of the specimen 4, capable of being easily draw from discontinulties by the developer‘alain 24 uesiauad mesp 0} aidutes 24) 0} paydde usu) 31 sedojanap jo Jake} UN y Loejaidoqu pue Jadojonsp Addy 'S vow pue iP tuanjos & Suueap anjonuy Kew days sia ‘pasn weysks yuerjaued ay) uo Bulpuadog sroajap wos 9191880 se uEsFoUEG Op se Bunow! a1ym ajdwes ay) Jo soeyns ay wow panowas aq ysnw wesoued ‘ss90x@ <4) ssne09q s:npeo0id uoHads OM) Jo Wed aIeOHIP JSOu! 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These parlcles are attracted to leakage fields and will luster to form directly over the discontinuity. Thi ccan be visually otected under proper lighting conditions. Basic steps involved 1. Component pre-cleaning 2Introduction of magnetic field <.Application of magnetic media 4 Inlerpretation of magnetic particle indications 5. demagnetisation Advantages: 41, Can detect both surface and sub-surface defects. 2. Can inspect parts with iregular shapes easly li. Radiography + Radiography uses penetrating radiation that is directed towards a component +The component stops some of the radiation. 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Answer:Hoasuy 94 Pinoys 9f24-pourquiod e yo sno] ayy uy SuoKsTAOAd JeyAA “CZ yu podojanap 0% xn ay 01 9694p Jo dno 0M 2934 v OEE MELON SI FEU Ze 9a J mo om 20424 se sweade vey andy 82049 fan yor ago SBenoatod 4p st Kove uo, uoasuy eXoustouy reuusomy ST 3eUAL “IZ “Kuuonp pue Suns sy sso} yepsyeu 4p Sipudes asou 4p “uma 24048 a4 Uae. of suo. pe uv pousd 1 saao mjssdua Ye Aufionp Jo 860 ® OWS Ke STUDI Koy, uomsoyThe products of combustion come in dire using fuels those produce combustion prod sion or oxidation, erosion, ané depos propery prepared syngas, an ‘meatmento remove harmfl va sulfate are the principal ash component formed at higher to blades and eauses corrosion onthe blades 1.4 combined gas-vapor power eyele includes only the combination of «gas turbine with steam turbine 2. Generator speed is con ty: number of windings and sizeof electromagnet exciter circuit and fet rheostat steam turbine speed and the turbine governor * ‘expansion indicator an Drs of poles and core mater paces 3. A condenser is always under « negative (vacuum) pressure. by false The vacuum breaker initiates ‘one of the following, should the vacuum start to fail on the condensers condenser 1 : in proportion to the vacuum change ‘condenser S.A condensing turbine: has a higher effcieney than a non-condensing turbine has a lower effeiency than @non-conden: ‘operates at less than tmospherie pressure are mostly used in process pl sre mostly used in power generating stations may be single o ml