Obj mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing and semisolids mixing.

Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits and Demerits of Double cone

blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers,
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier,

Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration,

filter aids, filter Medias. Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits and
demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter &
Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtz filter.
Centrifugation: Objectives, principle & applications of Centrifugation,
principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket
centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous centrifuge & super
centrifuge.

Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its

prevention: Factors affecting during materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant
construction, Theories of corrosion, types of corrosion and there prevention.
Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non metals, basic of material
handling systems.

Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications,

Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension & stability
problems and methods to overcome.
• Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the
identification of type of Emulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems
and methods to overcome.
• Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of bases,
methods of preparations. Displacement value & its calculations, evaluation of
suppositories.
• Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical, chemical
and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples.
• Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors
influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams
and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage ectives, applications & factors
affecting mixing, Difference between solid and liquid
forms. Evaluation of semi solid dosages forms.