EDWARD COUNTRYMAN pistO¥ OF nrg, o¥ OR oa % ww27» a (CHAPTER 3 COLONIAL REVOLTS, AMERICAN REVOLUTION T= Ametican Revolution began because Britain's rulers decided to reform theit empire, In x763 Britain stood supreme from Bengal to ‘Mexico, bu it also stood exhausted. For both administrative and financial reasons, the ministry proposed to make white colonials pay for their ‘protection and governance, on tetms that ministers, not colonials, would set, ‘They laid bare che empite’s ambiguities instead, asthe colonials began thinking about theit situations, tights, idencities, and relationships. The Revolution began as no more then revolt againse unwanted change. Brit- ish history is fall of such events, from the peasant sising of 1385 to the Scottish Jecobite rebellion of 1745. But what began with protest became the first modem revolution. It spread from white men to many other Peoples, It abolished what had made its own development possible, It cteated a society without precedent, whether we speak of that society's achievements or dwell upon what it failed to do. fas ‘The natrative need only be sketched. A series of parliamentary acts tried to secure a permanent revenue for Norch Ametican defense and govern- ‘ment. These were the Sugar (or Revenue) Act of 2764, the Stamp Act of 1765, and the Townshend taxes of 1767. All shared the premise that PParliamene could tax che colonists for revenue, despite never having done 0. The colonists protested against the Sugar Act but chey accepted i in tactice. They defeated the Stamp Act by hard argument, direct resis- ‘ance, and suppor: from sympathetic Britons, including many in Parlia- ‘ment. 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