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The Birth of Chinese Feminism ESSENTIAL TEXTS IN TRANSNATIONAL THEORY Iydla H Liu, Rebecca E, Kal and Dorothy Ko, editors wy pi a Cai Pr ‘pss ‘eto ens rnin her ey ‘pani nec tn Di [itt mnes ants pe SB oath i Sayer 6 ssn ni yD don em nr nage al fn a go Ui is asin Ticterhamn er ooh a ‘iy fonda oe ft en coming oon en en (UN) wae ewig Shemini ind cpbine oc mncgeend Contents Aetna i ie Chine Dyin eon Tato Intodacton Toward Wanastiona Temi Theory + “The Historic Context: Chinese Feminist Wolds ‘the Tam fhe Twentieth Cty 27 Hein Zhen Biogen “onthe Question oWomes terton” 53 “on the Question f Womens Labor” 72 “Bconomic Revolution and Women Revelation” 92 “onthe RevengeafWomea? sos “On Feminkt Ammar 369 The Femina Manes 99 ee Coa Lang chao Blogrphy tr “on Womers Eduction” fp Acknowledgments Jin Tianhe Bogrphy 205 “The WomesiBel” 207 Inde 8 lon among the tee etry In December 2003» weetabop called “Living Tent: Rethinking Chin nthe Weald nthe Late Qi” s gine by Lyi Liv a Clama Univer (In Ape 300g «rad workshop on” Rethinkngthe Nineteenth Cerr:Cia and th World in “rans fad been el athe Centro Chinese tales othe Unie sy of Michigan) The Clan woeshop focused onthe t-te Ie legacy in nodern China I roa Hein Zhen to igh gi, ithe fist ne, edge oti cline projet of tration sd theorising In the coe ofthe preartion and proactin of hi vlume ‘ce the, we ave inure, personaly nd ceca deb ‘Ouro as been colbraive inthe ox pote an roc e of that ec: we have waked together by suring an cresting achieve ‘pal The thee editors have each ther to thnk fo od pleare proces, We so wih otk ou flow tanto whoze ard weak and rt we, and all ender fhe volame, mt pprecte: Micha! Ge Hil and TaelanD, Sang Jeremy Tat Meng Fn and Cyn Roe Robert Cole and We eng. The le for were aunt dents a semiat 00 Hein Zhen and er aint ede tht he er co-taught at Cok "ae Univer in pig 08; we ar delighted that thy wished to tas late ve afl the emster was ove At eqn, Mie ranted fin Tanbe ae dds intemal shore amount sme and wih et el fern; Tan gneronay fred tet nd review tat rl tion, We, the elitr ofthe volume, Bae ge ough lhe wasltions gay a iE ‘olan the ulintion of eis of gatherings and aca He-Yin Zhen suse (aka te tan fr, He Zhen 05, g-gn?) wat ben and eed in Ynheg, ang Province, at atime of great trunson in. China Marie in 1904 she and er basband, Li Sips. « renowned asad scolar, went Tokyo fn 90% Japan and became sequied with archi pepe es and lenders Inthe une ya, ein Zhen ad ir flow tele in Tyo fred the Society for the Restoration of Wome Rghe and tested the of (Tian, or Nara! ae Thi onal tough only abled bree 97 ad po, became theorem ed the mt fail eden Gr the etc ed send of sched det ein soi han nthe ded fhe Qi ing the ovo yee joureal wat in rin Since hey both opted pen-names, He Yin Zhes editorial le ‘nd authondp ate fen itt by herians to Lu Stipe The couple falc nth enowood scholar Zhang Tian and the revolt nationale in got on carpe of eollaion with the Manbu eine Marsan and an jane ing allowing the deat of her husband in tora age thst He Yn Zhen ured tive teteced Babi order of as an become dln {Xin Qi ote cmt ee edo broken eat ind “On the Question of Women's Liberation” Vin Zhen (1907) of equality cannot be achieved except through women's liberation. pe! Fs thousands of year the wold ha been domi by the ral of _sbmson fr many thousinds of ear In apient men men agua YM ear sigs ocr moment pre them fom bing camel by ‘ter men They rested pata and ral into he ft pry a ‘which war o eparte an um woman aon) Far they cosieed the “lr between man and wan (and youl) Yo Be oe fe tnsor principe ia beaven and on eth Men thse confined women © thelnoe cher and wuld notaliw them to ep beyond boundaries. The ook of iterates," When sare or aster or daughter eae ome on it). no brother (the fay should alt wih bron these rat et wth he rom he are ds” goes 0a We that“ ‘dele hou the intervention ofthe matchnahe hou not eens ‘ch othe name Unless the mariage presets ave een reeled, there Should be 0 communication or action bewen them Boj ofthe ae ff Songs that" worn does not wate ot tig to the co pany her teacher seco ema companion” The Han yeasty Con facan chlar Zheng Naan wrote ”[A] worn shoul ot concern hel ‘wah the cutie wel Thi swat they meat by itigsaing man from woman, Whenever people describe pe of roses in Chins, they ical speak of how men and woenen wa diferent pth, Wht can ‘they mean bythe diferent pus butaneteme cane of erento? Tm ance tmes, the parton of the ine ra the eer as or ally nated to preven il eral Unrate ‘tation here» woman ion respons bas been eid othe louie kof ring cian, managing the bool nd mhing eae ‘hee ak at elpted to women oto widespread bel tat ta fling ebossolan ht he ot of eng death es in the pe tua fh on ee The soieconoic se of Chinn e's ma diem ad grandchildren asi omn property which hod ean why ‘very an sed mpgs progeny 8 the way of becoming we Men of this odo td the moral teaching ‘hat sanction Det indulgence inser gratia all the whe rep ‘omen as nething more ha inetuments that make and ire haan ‘ead: Moree Chinese men aver bate to ated eo sal tings ad ‘hey expe! women to tak aoa the Sta nthe management of oe owed. Women sere and a forthe and deve ti ke eo thetwo as of as cides ac anningthe ows "ow fr bac can we trace the cndons of cha trngenent? "suppose tat one explanation i tht # began when men sre to et omen yt eoperty. The thr explanation thatthe cost of ‘ving before mode tins was, soi we eaten fren oad cceloyment ed the prensa hi date aly. The come Used on mer empeyment alone coud support uy of dete smens and above so ther wives cul afr oy hae ad do thing "Te Teo es eae kG po "i in noe ogg ‘Seago hn a nr he Za The Re fe “Intense” sor hn ith cen non sl fis’ Bt hihi ‘Srey tied» ab feng tds ie menaly ang oe Sen vices mena calf et i are nee en el the wearers ote er ham Sefer ime nthe wore oee the werd a “pty eng woman hi own poet a an ost we Jp [hither bk en, When te Inf (soshe present age, it seems that women ae not the onl ones who have lost i, |e fron gah eet ran go tan oY “outers See ssa mpm 9). crimes Tai ial vig We Nag bape tis ec itn lading ee ean sme eit rman act om itera prs wince tree aoue bag orig ttn mares memrnsa tunes te ‘Cnt one ftv clr ih bc ior E'tegh overs vme el tse he ards Sec serdar ono hoogh deaes Q™ «nein ea men 5 Lo? 4 tion that those eho exjy a iodicum of fredom ofthe body are the Kad "ween tlt oo or te a ri ‘Sponon wlth messin soos Wt mt ssa i eof eg ene fe 7264 home nef be pti prac gwen wey fo cit, lsertnstnoe neon behead ee 1a te sen tc ines pc ig SSS Seat ‘Ser nan pia teri ee Pte apamee na Reva rapt yao ‘Shyrmcandoer ter ae pce an Gatien iunmeteedanaceayataaroarkeran ees “isto ty cnt tapes ieee Suu aac we cpm ron he ey on oe 2S an tees nn re | eae bate secon cannot but ed tosis and fan, which ithe tral tendency of aman being, Aman ray spend monte sd year toveng tn dtc nds oh ay devote ha atetion ta fared once Hs se sight et angry bt dre nt el im her lg. Her psp sexual Asie ight sce end bur ance be upped by aden tex tod lane When 3 young iow ie ridden overt fie the death of Ter hisand er losered ie cons feign slepig, nd there shige dayne erie tht occ her hear esi na tngto preventer rom adlgng in sel itary. Awe reflect on tea sion of wey ows seme ht the wits devaon to one man [sin mane onlin ata pracc she may end phon mate a one Lf | sand Inte cte of oung widows who do at rear, hey ela ‘haste a name ni but pot a peace. Tee no eed oct examples from terre pst Ia cent yes, when Wo Vinsun ws promoted 0 be he pete che nd ms posted to Ningbo and Stony aed wil engge in ill sex wh one of ber handsome mal sera home" Another wel-nown example is ang Dingle wi who had w trig of ering, Sh ms soe by Wen Thanet re ‘rth bi for sever oars” The cases of Sheng Xuan dager and “bat Fel Niet indicat at he omer engage in i fi ae She became wid wheres the later Inde inl Kinds of exons ‘toni wi ade member er ow cain” Did hee ac of ae ‘reion atte pce nprombent fae? marge rigs the pret make he dias ad the Young sworn has abst o sey When womans ot lied to marry et lover sh either resort doping ke Zo Wenn or pls sece render ‘sith her lover a inthe cane fC Vngyng” fw condact an sna Fy WY gr wa emda yon ‘tb pact igen, “arg Bg a pur i ge ing en enn ng Warp pt-pt (Qegee petShGpepwee rn gga ‘Swanley we des Sa ang Ca gr Seyret ate pth Tey ‘eda iy nln smi eon ren ae ‘ere cannes eo ners aes mst 5 eden Neste scrote name fast of el ranegresion commited by women from County fo county scons China we woul discover dozens of then ot incading the cost wnexponed caves Infos capital crimes volving he mrder of acbande a chen ae uml the excones of these dcumeances. The foregoing nas proves that enfin wore tothe bouol doer at prevent tn fom eeadacting it ais with ‘bet men. This sou cota te sted goal of destering women within wal The unatndedconseqvenc, ar webu senstoenearge |p tat ead iy ont Sans soups npeaie: Uf Oem ter neg eb soya Carpe apt tangs oa en “sin uc ht enc eterna ye eo nr a si eye rane a Siete aecteeserdcenoae eee es sree ac epg gh opera Peperomia aren reed Se Peper tw anette SNS a ape coors anal mi a cen eye cen Aad eo [ier meet ents pentouy a STS ert chin ara ot ety oe | Menus wae or orvonen ae dove i oth Soa Tacere tendencies g oe “aca, ng ahs ont ae mnt tind mai oni a ee yan a ln as en vey Mpls ant qucn end eters ptr ca sree isnt mada Gee ete mr Seiten ets nomen an oes SSIDUn gus eo ct rt ft tn yo SSNs Beeetigasnah ea ry bam srr ty ce is tbc yer vid 564 ea pcth chen bare hon f Quay pr cor fetindien a wr ‘hey ay ve tthe ppia dy bt h indart far from free, Why sot — “iberon me tng th bya th ind fe om bende in sew te marae eee ape td Arn at Ind ein oie! 9 tone: powered ‘tines pot unl) mer enn Toy oe fee Iie ends Ou dada Bape ond Amer marc ery acl Wht fname semen Sth hs weth ors wom aly rane my ce ao ae ‘rund pop merge Tench ad te pmerla coe he we ino mck oop An hs nh el bane rat “ying. Caen eke swears pet acs ropes age of dee wee ered over ery cna ted des ay pp at an swe andsoch line ith poor rena nd ey an esse ea nee ea seo sot ep Tart a das poe ge (qu HOW Specie ha tee urge Boop nd nb Keer “he em of money etd noting oh than he ends ‘lve pate yan san ay. Thee wren European Amer wh ein tard ar been eye muna, hy let sand ce “herrea Ero td Ae who oo main mare are ‘ed vhotny bar nuneoes wrens las menegaont aon. ‘Sp tick owe weoan thane oaly one hb be my have fs wath terme A a gly slew fo ty alone oma bet in mae he yh ay ats wi ter were, The dance ae ofthe mtopele opule by Sabina women provide bar hn cover for ic sar among inane The scl bonds ‘th nf rn oy Wo say Ch Ferednutn ef cass lsd tg el eed ‘ss eran ses Cae mane ae Sh nig i ey ‘Wedting ResLaetet of monogamous reetonhip arin ft corey awed whitewashed bya peclaging of nraiy® ‘As for eqaity between man and woman, ee often he though men and women ae both now educated [in Europe and Amer. te) hey len wo ‘aed by an. Women slim tay liso ade campy bc om sera ool inthe HE) fel of the mtr and the pic. etre that women and meh ny ‘chia ely bat when the word coral by governs tat ye teat eco women fom ti gowesing bie, ald gee, ‘align exon nate To ier wore meant eng women ej egal igh od sing there ofall feta Ie dei fll sl ef the et Bropean and Areca yes we wld et our feedom In pane bat etn tans ands dn alg pase. 4 in ‘Silty ered woe edo sot gpl al Tage te thnk sft ecm ated the enero te hrc froma (vz sod tea oft ean ale othe sat egy in freshmen ptm [men nd won concer A ‘omen ate been geal ines bythe avant nthe clans of arope and Amerie They Bele that Eorepean and American women avers achleed the gual eration snd oe ejying the etl ‘yan freedom whose cee they are content fall Ter 20 aon wy inthe ge foe ron our ort sl be td ith stan feed and sham uly. Twat them ops and feed and es Tn recente call Bae bees ed to ponte wore ern in Chins okey. Some ae ate cls and sme pete lls Dy acte «lean he ons ated by wren tenors thy sro toe themes ase cl arth thar aed son ween sd inated ‘bymen ho dang promi olibcaonbfre trees. Ar wes” {he Chines tuaton seems that ate cl fo wore Hern sr fe 8 compe with pane ones. men are ore cnet stands se We Be are t enn 1 | Sree re ae on eas apenas rea snare deepen Sache aie ee ar eee Sis ahead le ha fee eran teeta oN ge hacer atin Sa alti thei ey Spee cy ce eins teens Sema icmp etary Sige pete en Sat sicdte Senate St ‘hanno sl guceg sp Soci ne ite pt ea erecta oe NET maya, las a na ee St ttc cece ce ‘cam women as pve propecty: Were nt, why wool woe eputaton goo or bad ive ying whatever to do with them? The tine snt sient weeps LZs& —[pemistiepon wien etl rape ne tS jg ith bene sng women ne hen en j LI, Biorb stn hncion ype 76) yt nsw Berto Tt acl me pat lf on jc Sem mntn: het Seo the rece of poston sg in Chin : tascam ets ecome ae i oe many ‘hens open st tine pon ford td er fe ‘omen che Se ner eae porig ea We wl me a ia piel ig Tha eh Be Wt Ota neteeet they ae begin to fl pre an eae tn cnning thei women nthe huh nt oly ring no al bent but an in eon the dea al net wemendoscanage othe hosed enon. Men tre no promoting womers tna and age at women shoul aot {pend on men ot rood ey at ween nwo cctichoa and hat een lowe dee of eda woe sod ince lent ctnanaip or lt rang entry, Eiting, seving and talering cooing sd oo. The ore brand cn seca teins tencher cles, wehbe nay ete cole teddy prea je che mene end enc), wonder than send women cool ar egret et egal adang sro own interest orf he bene of ning women nt ech {ed rar tl sri ar bdo rg er vb tnany out oe custancr fenfceworen och ea aporing he elit nd eg be young When cho Be se ten cana smi paced chore ot ceca ee ‘Sheth he mangement ofthe uso They sade te amy ‘dp on concn nd bahia theme nl ids of cate ere ving th wrest ra eke ot ne, When {heme ny that women upto be Nera, thy king of we ‘ey matey rf en hihi weal pur of Inn te mano wane ern. Th lace men vw he bro ie pone psy sod rat having prog tp Bae ong tee Niland eng etic twa ey car at Thy tn {ua ited so Oe rayobiy of wane A gust avey gest {bet weer chose in Chin unl enpasie el of hound Imagenes tht rod poll pres avs dice on how fei etion fe te tctbone of elena efor Wht J, they mesa yang! Tey se cally ying tet tere woe Zeno clacton he ening othe tae, proving veto rnd at rer omens sole ned wen ate dan oles Nene ly “ac mya example Being th cid api theirs fly ae nthe oping often uae shove tn einen hve promoted the eration of women out of ett dee to mike i | women [and ther abr] so that the men ance from sich pons eran oy themes” This wha cal ment pra of ecm in ‘hename women ern, The the points Thave tine sgt thi the projet of Kerang Frome in odays acorn sprang rom thes segitres fore men The tak about bling women ache thei avtononyo eng them toward more ized exten, but what hr empty coe of ‘we bration does is dive wamen tard even harser colons of work Te old stem ranted scl pete to men and pat women ‘dows by lepating the o lowe aks But thio iat men worked harder then women. nts’ wr, wee, women partake f me Iie wok ere ate enjoys share of wore ie Du thi ha ot ‘rghit the lghtest provement in the id of soil prestige tht et omen. Why sould women take plas ths bing ut by ‘en? Unsvare ofthe trae ttn, there ar thse ho oly eieve that Chinese women re indebted fo those fr ing ther fe nd thar hey shouldbe deeply patel for the wondefl ting that men Jv done forthe This manne of ezonng rot lke he argument rae by those wii the Manchu reine who advo contin) {efor Just asthe constitutional form names the ies of Zestttion ands no ration o cane ght onl cites, £0 oe the male prj of berating women mes sir ue ofthe en flier wth no iteton of conferring el ght on worn am jot ugg at ne lations soul be filled by me only nd never esate by women, aram opposed the expansion of wen “Ten laa ih ig ae Oo ‘ean ch phe sc nen yee ae e Lie! ! 1 “tot ct ines Lea sutage Alam syig tha women btitions ought tobe ule by women ether than be posed upon them by en & Thecaue of tomes rights must be un ough woman fs 1 must aot be pane by men. I we alin women igfl re tobe Imposed byes we ae renouncing ur feo; an we allow eu ‘eles tok up to men ad ngratte ces ther, whateve ght ‘we obtain as wa re handel tow om above Awe contind 1 be Insrameralized and remain mess sppendages,e would be ert In ame oly ad ou rights could neve el be oar own. Hanae ta we ‘women mast ryan carievesto sind the joy of eran nd soul eer cxpect men tbe oreo Today Chinese wren sl expect meno eee ns ecm ae We) ‘elien te ee lodges: Non ele Fo ‘eh mips we bo py Bamageto thon hot gc So ar fave pated at he nde cone of he pane re tht women ply nthe ce of wren ern Ish dit hatin rc yee women ae compet nied with een do a ein ty wt be do lel sad fens On te arc hs women pes be ee ad aby jo mens pane, bat wonder tho woe ent at ig et funder fedom and equity to sdk sl gascaton andthe faint of seme dese. Tere women const The notin of beration mae nacony and bev tht Heron mane simply elndlence They) JO p74 0 ot undertod at oof ero ene delgmeat eee| act wens at wl ators pwn ot ge] ak olga wero cou secure srl ¢ ay srl wd tare hing cl be scmplaed Of cue felve tan cco, Wen Io sod tse ta ce fe lve neal preter etl ae What do ee at some lived women are driven by lind passion ab some ae seduced, {rer om npg te orca yams re tn epg npn me ei Lit Tay front 4 eee Y by men nd Eliot theese wore til here are wen who become amore of we one TREY ONT emerson eye eee eter a oe ea Jain the wold tan exlng yous enn body for poit™ How San RE ‘all tove who Beare this way bert worn? The Hen of beraton ‘Su oppose w any stan of enter. How Tt pose Tors y= wo fie tobe enaaved aie yet be conten ith pros Ing her body? When iberaton smlsaken for sfndlgencs, «worn (= think of nole sk then sero! plese, not king tha he ‘ight haem to proton umengy Tes ome the mea | penetra wenn” “Tod white women be incre Bec aa fhe heme fcc inoguainy tht exis etwoenan tod wan Tey a bat nguyen al poll ocr wheres women Jo tot These wore ttf ele om hel razon od water catia hn vel one reece A? ptt me ton sone et re Ranh wane fr ample 5 eon rt courage sl avo ts Tey babel he Ph ‘one Amsco (Suomen Nba) sib o mobi eat fr ‘omer patcptonn plc. nip th ene county ene i ton an hac bind athe tw hres in he ester Imrete apaet he ain mp The move oon coe io tet arog sod cote os dyn ad many nce Ses vebern edo et npecdeted ihe wos ‘Nex Hanh won ae women of Nowa whee the east sage hs fc on ule age. The Nowra planet ‘eth int 9 woah oot plight women Bb a= ‘mente and bows cern teh oe aca oe ot ol fed wae en a op ote handel ound omen Norway ‘ve cba eight we In Eg omen ve come et cles withthe ple oe the camer bing ad in Bay ‘women fe bred allanes igh rae flog Al is es fe rar raring my an ing ery emery Wen epi hs ot ha erat ys 4 VA ibe "eh Ges nes Leos wo dew doped ces of ete nee bain ried ey KY mentary pois Bar Bn the are of many ney Tbe werd, and women who ee happiest ae ti an he fw Injustie.1 doubt thatthe srg for Wormer sufage can Wing shou, fname ranean ofecety ‘at ws consider the Nornegian ce alamentccamserbes Wom ‘en ght to vote and sets the age inst andthe threo of pal ax Payments. Although one could argue forthe met ofthe age imi he requement of « ertain lee of tx payment indicates that those eho payne a the sipulted lene! would have to Be property owner Rich {arpayen come fm the arktoccy, wealthy fallen, or medhum culty imple equality aoag ll ua beings, which reff the promt of ot only men no loner appresing women but alse men 30 S Wi fie aie ‘04, ("stomachs fancy xan ow wn waite) bgp among me sac nods wold weet dln GU Ta between men who rule over other men and men wo are ued by them, @ Lot iSemsecy ete ed inthe word men ae demanding ean Tater eae eso power beers mes od won, ost peo scm tbl tht sce hr ae power ble sng me, thereto beameng women ar wel But i uch owe eal sr trio Qire i ofteBo pe or Epes Lt Zend Eres Ws Zeta nied istry of ha ve big he gh este sty of wane? (Cy of woe pe ay uct wate he Sy owner eof Norway. or tac he ov aoe omen to oe pli ie dein te wy of gig bens Sine port poplin Ana epee of ere mtb pet Glen ety fal, hs we ie ped pole igh and 7 Srv mtsag et fm he per sacs perpeating age een (hoe Serhan oper ney ep ie" “rg She stg tomes woe Nery ote ny cosy Wie Bree at pene hoa amen is asa ae pr prin plea gerenc Bat ate ny td ipo condon {Trott women And when wong wen dt oe Dove where gene equly? ; Ae orm i age nerd mig, ou seen at ed are re gale eatin Bat ean bt ote at get unde eno Ere and Ameri toy nec fag nd ha ere aly consis og lc the | . Le en itil a Sos i I. ‘oingrtietemaces othe Heh and hs uation preva among men {wl as among women, Moree the poor be hey wears Bonde ‘at ke up the may by fr among women and thse wees epee ‘onthe ch fo fo and bing How can we be sre at working ‘ls woman waldo ete azcardng wo the dese ofthe ch ngy 09 hom de depend fr hr veltod? Having flowed the way ch “Counties ee univ alge hase it choot he Framer {ary members mao the let case, we may pet wha ul 15, (re oisit Sinan cernac ena gp “winaan Ltat open en amen nip ne dg Tee {drs temo et won ont foe pe fou tee fod fo the morro he scnnd ran a) the American nborcrtary syn aden ane te vod of fay wu gener aly dependent pon aac ocre, When he become wage bore he Tate hi wages to provide fr his fal, Bute endo be constantly 10 (Lor otto dss ns needs sores women a cen aman income a plement, Even chien under ieen yas of age hae to conte to the family nce the len they cont pf night the mot they arable contrite up to nesnth Trin trea tendency fr lsen, ot to mention meen” Even though hit ‘escripion of Ameri this ind of ation iar ine to Americ, ‘Thevrous counties of Europe went str n his ead Tas the second reson ‘rom thee ho peeps, tho cannot se that the reson for wore abr aeuoegal tution of prope at wel athe cine of api? ‘Curent aunber of women bore incresing Gt or xamps nay, ofthe laboring pope in North Ameri, 3600.00 were men nd 1420 were women 89, 509 of 19800 were en me 1520 wee ‘wenn po, 43cm n;60 werent 700 wee woe}. And ‘om sy op im England the numberof male bere incre ony ly thee it, wheres he mabe female bore double ice ee ‘ro thiswecan ase tin eet yes nthe asus counties of Bae Aer eae aber since good del ove thee of dade ‘ag Ino alon, coring 03 Mefl opo] mre here were 3752 cere nataowise 204 they enlayed 393 90s pope of whom rand sks were men sd 547 ere women The mamber of wren bres mabe coi tes th uber of mle bee "That he most senna bor was al big heaped nto the Bods of women can this ot bea major aged ofthe wold Ho this not the cae ofthe society ofthe wey ing women estrone eh EE fg cet Baad Gib [Tefen gw me Teeny wh hy es in ute ene at Inthe yrou aro American countries, onecan Bind no moecrulnd sit eatins on wom work than thon of he factory For example fone sve mints ae one socked out the ator oa a day and ‘aes woge fo hat ie ate thos rl In addon, nde the oy, ‘ten thoogh women nd men have thio wack ren, tbe ave ‘Share any feltioswhich ix ember to women Tee to xg es hw th the Rear oe wey thee ony ‘steed there consideration forthe fal workers. ‘An American newspaper from New Yor? plied an em ene rgd of Mom Lt” Raye acid women yin the Home a iver and others andthe lo atthe major eeakers ofthe fy At ‘oon a theyre ther ed in th morning hey beac aboe wehich ‘only ende when hey o back tobe in the evening. Faster, een. ‘iting ee tlt ae can te dh tsa oneness ewe 1 “Tac ner oraing ht she ius ap foto expend her abe” tw ‘Ante Jpanese thor Kaneko Kich ay" wom boric ‘rime. The words the problem of women abo have anced cae ound” He aa sy: “Aer laboring woman gts ati ber ortzos sess mere tragis shes tapped ins aero wal where be spends he |i the fat of wornen borers” The book Economie oat by “ioe Tet is “Inthe contemporary india wor, examining ‘he major tend in women bor revel that women ae contend ‘bythe wage stem, Tr afl ther emo ope for fed om He contin tat "ar longa the responsi af fy’ belo is shared by both men and wore, th iene of competing fo suv ‘wl permeate retions Betwen wf and usband, Between sone {thei elder a wel as Betwoen patents and hile, al wl wth ‘ne another on the ba ofthe wage each ols, When come inks, ‘oon he veliod ofthe ary be endengeced. the ay ap ics an harmony st might e eoparsized” Then, fr the reasons ‘ated, women abr wl not oly ham the wom ew boy, bt ie fami happen and harmony wl ao be ued If we sek an exp ation, how can this not be Because of the cpa IF the women of he Inhale country are deve to he edge of pore thi not Deca {ais monopole the proft of hemarker? "regres el a eae ow a at oa at we ek ee ater abers be arertorene elfen es Shyer eelien eat mmaecntbe a ee bineheereneny Dieter eran tereret (Stecsoneceeneels matigmnnagegneuarcinweusbe lees ‘erate uC eS Oe ate Pier ohe icine oie betwee mre 1 mone i olorar oa ineenccas eure ean e waitin arane These es tbarpe ae ‘ine as oases eye pe ncn el Proven tsi trans N Prarie car snarectiortscappouiocces ‘apo raed sans gee ay panos Sa Se isc ene ay porn ta Seerieierpee caer egies esl eas ‘pooper ew mnt Seta in ood In the newspapers of many counties bout ris anions and akc) ‘so pa: png of bees except Oy acl of rey ineguy,Vomen Ror ie sport ono a ese Cale sk worker of Gems Pcie On hy fom ‘erie tn sicrecg etry the nop in sg peering Be potion of even he dusting an the coun ‘Sle ofthe noe Tey tered extend, Aer {ew dyson linen of ween ean abe ron ic thy out cho wrk Fores eral te ope ine st gs Pe The mie fe Ys Tel an lone Andel women mir Beta ofthe eng a o> they enaned sre he manage ed eng meh hae te om tho iets non hee wa pet fey th taped protactn beste Che snd eae woe tetapthr ts rg hit ot pins co om it atthe ining te vering won gue open te ‘ete bal onthe hme nd mov fried ees nde ‘ev frm te hy ty em th gdb oer Ths pascal an — Chil fires z fi “teed ier ib? the woes would no longe have to bor fr others this happens it ‘woud ea gen bess the welds women, Tn conratn Chins from pst present, me poor worn bas = el themselves to become maid concebine and proto, whee ‘thers have costa striven toruport themselves Yor example he sk teelg workshops of Wester Zheng and cotrspianing and retin, ‘workshops in northern ange nv bth red en women abe Other tabs suchas embroidery and seving have ap Ben common occupations for poor women. The mort merle fact thatthe ial depends ate om their en Sere. Pom morning np they indo ngage in aeclework Hence Tg per mer, Bitery loathe the tpl tends yea afer yea Bxpended in aking welding deer for es? ‘As for recent tes Inelbod i even more dial t secure, and vromen who wnderae tiie of work are expesaly numerous Fo he ‘rdonalehood of] wearing lath and eng sk for fo i et erable to seving oer lll a changed tds. The government ad he peopl ale ae abandoning the bs pricpes of vetoed] nd chasing ste the pepbera They exaggerate the bene of adel exerpse! ery province i now gadualy bug facto and employing poor eople.Asthistrend wows songer bythe da. the sk ad eto nd {Seri aon be oropott by he wey they as i to een (har compenir asec ck te pple rg wy vo i} roa 1 ‘ide aint ied yy Sacinineslietpelpianactirmremeeeean Sy Pessina ta erga sw cig fF) mt ‘ofr to machines, hich gent win the each of poo popes Pook) Stoo nt rs Sse Sean omit eatin v4 tres ind foe sa ee a aor ow that rom thi ine onan, those women wh wil le employ. ‘nent lines exponentially y the day. A those who lee he ood become more eros sd athe cores operated bythe wey ico the factory ed be employed them. Tags wl el in by ser we baa) fo they on [== merous, nevi por women wil have tos th bo “he bie tong es four Chere women sin a Se the slp verb oder rand grants Today. in ace thy ae the gl era We SEIN 7 Yaz arent fhe production of we, Teso-cled “Sty of Wet tn Powe” gn Xa) is indesign ee pep ter inex The tem baying ed sling bor powers em hi ode eho reve throm hpping and oe romp ere ye wel rd owe seme ny cp “To te ities wich women ca fil The lowes is protutfa, next concubinage, next is bond servitude (those | shore bles re sold nto evi) ad ight ree wh ae Bed eer sri an fy wok, The rs of wan hse oe seri ae qe ferent nde the en hy lint th stone cme fom ably he tne cotows this reson mathing bet the poten of bid, he sea ttn of wah The crate beck gle a a dacrbed enti, Hee we mat dacs he emacs fps “he prof aig st wiped in Chi ne otter bt who weresleto cape th bal quarter an ei {tea [roster he hone ho bd ben Donde but wo ‘came vere ter ar end hae arth wo wer bought fn por pop anette nd bot ene poor Se ocean crete rom romeo An et thi cimundr no ens Sebel pn por pop Te sag air hey exe econ pop orn wich eso ines Pore mong common peopl Because thy a pose they sl ie ahs se they al ht dni, a ube pate nd Ding sds Hen intend oing legen oT pt Li, Glvnssibe trv opt cele Wp ue gin, vi wi "he yo ah Po a id ‘nu lig en nl thc pom ie nay. ey Iideipclecge asec whe cos SEE ae Sittin bor paged tg an ‘tt elt ste Bac ctor bea spo ‘ea tie fo ene adn at = “tebe donate” ee ce nk a Neer pe ene ‘tion a vomtn Become pros (ie my dow bene fee er fay eig oor and her parents eling bro er bing bee sedaced and raped bya procure and then sl Thereby the post ‘ute nat ony sus rom the stame of having herby nie elo abject to being Boge which so diferent fom being» bonds. Tithe pice omponed by poet the Tang and Song date he eet men ey eostitsis ten plpble Hence, me kn tat ey dnt ‘sbi prostuon ilo New York ikon of the cles in which prostuton tvs Recenly some people in Ne York began ingle why women bare prot. hey conducted rey of 000 women of whom ove 530 sk we becus of paver In addon there war 4 newapaper in Armee ht label procul ecord fer ie i which she arated the ory of very leading he biternes of prosittion In Cina, ewspapersoen telofthe atts omens prostuts, mourning the misloane tat they "ie fe cue is pp oe te hi cet aol us vam encour while dep ympates othe plight. Wha ther casei thee beside poverty nde he irae of poston nd conxbiage ‘brought on by he weal people wh easnae womens mt jute of women. Unavare of this people ofthe worl fe el rstits tnd concent ere ey pate? Hoy can the ces ofthe weal be sid tobe ite to fering sromen ino the biterness of proton and cane.oge? In every wel {fio jor ey, were the th and i merchant eid, he mu ber frosts many Ses reser tan in ther places In he homes high fii or lage extend ue the mamber fencing an reach more than es Ts te tht he majors those who keep ‘ones pte prostates are the weal Aso the wren they ‘come ponte in etre fr a ptance; they Become coneabines inthe hops ofetainng sundaes sn ood they cannot ep bat ve enon theses oc the wethy. frte wesk [positon urge nae og ey ty the por at wel a an iit mcthod of oping the daughters of Seaweed see ge ie tnd indulge in leaves of the fesh Hof Lhasa saying: When the peopl re le they bere lev Tay in Chis there 2 aso no ying that goes Once pope stomachs re fll nd bodies warn, ‘hey wl thio debauchery an eet lar Soar aottbase who ‘ojo debauchery the weit? ile: x county eds In dsl ‘ew xg nthe lcs where the way ive in age numbers. Daly ‘he wey enouner posites and sot take the a concabines ‘The daughters to whom they pe ith receive the inertance[o thei lewd nats. ven hough these daghtr come fom wey falls, ‘hey openly ack poste How cpl ths be the atrleadency of ‘omen? Not ony havethte women needled evi they also ae ‘rpc to the led bebavo [0 the parent). So, thse daghers born ‘tients embody the same of the wey. Indeed they are the ruts ofthe wealthy, wh dbsach por women This sone ect means throgh wich the weal rain the vrue of women ‘Some sty ta the lrg numer of protease to the fact that thre ane oe gil than oye. ad tha] hte were no Bom tL ging wor nous wma ad ne Bg emp ote unt oa ae rotons concbings, then in the oter word there woud be 20 "nna nen btn the lane hambers here woud be many spite. Indeed in he moni thee are more men and in he ap cies ee fe more women in a wold in which communication underdeveloped ‘nd migration bs yet to bone ted the mbes of men ae women [in «popultion) woud not be eqn the Ameria there are more ‘omnia Tet and Gane there are more men: each place ovis ‘kar eridence of hie fact Thi epi tats China The number ‘of women inthe elon eouth af he Yang Rive [ange lively Tag, cera nthe noth the amber af men ot ever than tht of ‘women retiey dinar to he tution Ameri, wher the mu ‘erof women exceed the number fen. So why ae there wo many poe titer ed concbins in Chi Ian the rein betwen Fangs and ‘Anu women ano especialy merous Yet inthe varios cies fe ‘outa hal of the roster come am Haiyang. And those wealthy people who purchase cancohine fle chose them om Yagzhoa 1 ‘ich phos a Ynceng.Kinghs, nd Ganon, among the lower dase ne woman Bong ony me or ounge nd eer others hare 3 viel Yangzhou, pasts who have may sonra oie a wl fo the elds, wheres there neti ne an never ary One more ex le wl satice ost the point mately» couty wih «ssa ‘fone man and many wives bso havea yt of oe woman and ay * atuads Moree there ave tobe ran numer afmen wa have ven and hove without iver ae rte the poor “Agha uly arts ofan, some indage in pleasures of bahay whee thers er fom ng ne Out ote gp betwee vingand nothing money emerge he diction between tenes ‘tnd joy Thr the er of the wealthy es no oly in ping the daughter] ‘the poor talon tail sealing the wives ofthe poor Instead of | ing the char he ney of women, might Re Bt t ay hat he ich ‘the enya the poor? Kone wishes tse poor women, what ther veaarethere bt getid oftbe ich? Tn cootemporary Har Amerc, many believe tt prostaton det Tinea sai ctstoms and arocte is abaluhmeat At the sade tine, ‘hey attack the coneabin tens of bth Chinn an Tay. Koowldg tle people Chia alo wan 0 sbi monogany for oneshnage Sanja bd thing tod aay withthe ystems prostaton ab ‘oncsbinage, Howews, the proliferation of prostitutes and concubines sf % a ES ES | Yad ve ots qutio of esos isa problem of velod. song hr is bcm nally bees ch nd pos ether prosth n C age dpa acy BVT one we HORE prune eh Sete prap te name woul one Bute eaty would pri, ta Eu Aeneas cout th Sneha doe ei ‘There ire of alge and divorce Yet tir ole ring ae ao ie fom the popery-uedarcigs of arag Accorg 0 em peoples newspaper rears ad te martes of one so et marge among the ich en rant primar bsd pan oper i gman eh many men dear he amen eh any oles ewe a ooo ee os fa nde men gi ens the engagement there een ntti ‘etl pls women in arn thom a word today tem of mariage i one ht wed thd or Bs teas fr ney The mont mse csr ove led and nein ran git A ‘cha fills inv wth er bse ot need Hees money town oh relates sd the oe er to mary hin. Conc hat he wl ne fe with ther prominent fe flr maing a ose
} age marcied or single, When the gitl’s parents take the case to court offi Me tA AG ene pi oy ued str ett fe (fy [one ply ules an eta es off op Or hen ge ere ay wey ie tele ico le conn rcp tht mare or aber, as an ee get le mater at dere ite mid Sc notte she wile unedited obey make na oft tel cing he mater wah, Invert ines, one fea hes of er ape ong tery gi The roster try nt one sot prt nd ote who aed gi Cobncmes pose oder poe he money tom ee There poverty ot nef proton jut we tbe tot eae oft inde. The ate owe tn ate ore Dames ae the wen Be es When» ans wo, at ‘eps brn ney cody et mney baw tesyora man Wang ats pay he ret aig pacar ens anni ab le er sang le on ol be anc id pon money ae at j 5 ae ai anor ame ine oop ‘cn nt untae yt z “Kann els ont feo ook at the ape cies of eset tines, they seldom come fom aie of reanvely modes of middling means hey come ete fram the wel ‘st fis orm the poorest. The wey re thowe who have money bur: the poor ar those whose money sarc. Those with mane 0 uD expend ito money to ay wt they lt afer thee whowe money ‘carci chic bu o sl perversion fora ling santo pn he leliood (sen) Therefore the slg oflewénss and ebcey sas sly cased by economic inegulty. "the ely Qing female port Sho Fee woot “May Zak, my det ‘mothe! How mach moneys let om ping your dah ack heat” ‘One can ser this poets olathe woman wen he inks lato aston; abe tse fl of money Bu ts not sen ut of ‘those women wh fl no dale steaons. What of wives? Becase ‘women wh ae we re prove or men they off thi Beth a & ‘Bafround af betwen 2 man nd woman there eosin bia a0 sal pawas be body to the mip, pd those ats os nto Perey Thi why Tay tha mariage ptm in China today aot ‘Sanded on oe: it acorn he fundamental circ" women sallagherbodyto aman” ery day that money not fren is another day tat economics Cirdinkians racictadwtostety beans ete nape. a is Tong et he we teeome note une i ths union, ther no hope of etsning fe marae betwen mun and worn Ith nt something we a ‘ay pret toy? (Canoe of he countries of Bar: Ameren recat tne a lig ierent fom those of Chins here, mariage evaved int ete of ‘ual prostution onthe part ofboth men and women. There ae 190 reson! fo how thi came abut Ft theres the oe of propery ne. ‘ance oc women. I father lsh can eat is propety to hs daghe, ‘ule in Chinn, wher, when ther des thou sos, rates sm Installed oth er and inert the wealth Second, woe ean Sod inde pendent employment. For example, sme wore rich a thst io Bel ‘mca jn the plc those nFland can be member of pala “eff scene ns esi et Cortech eter dis ee foe, jhe BS UME Con wheat voor Toya pe tlre bai wine Bese lintert tose in Face and he Ui St can be enplaed ter a de or Inoge Adin cach nt aero perc mame Ie ut oak tary es nthe Une Sates in 900 f 000 ‘ovis yaof the wre women: nope in Meds (gee wee ‘rer a4ayo gil among factory worker Tn al sence of woes tansy ne TSE TE we ie at the ation ha an a0 arson wma lh remedy ewe Son evens waa pincers aa wehbe ao er ted thin Ie oe wet shou nine te fhe tlereanpe bor hwo wa Ai of weak fly whose fortane pest: Numero young tren seg to crm at er dort bestng erin ate ingheroailion ways nan eft gether as on er wealth by indcing er to mary hem Ti the most common station. + Rgifom amet Sco ba many admis: Bese ofjaouny themen gh wth each ote wen thy ene a se wll ary ‘chr man eather il ona A aber outer uri EA sem om De yoann wah ory 4 gfe «wey my i man from oor backround 0 he ost row mene ta saber of saptofedlgein hi linan ett athe ean TS ‘an rempr chs the plot fer meat goad example ofthis ‘Sin the Baglshan Sekesene ary Finkion yay The Mera of Venn the pt shot te Hsan who eng the money 0 helen +-Ansvucra por cos: Hifi pte sie eth {onary cer prin he wel of wel Tah ase ee i he ‘oy ve acter i be ms nd he et the Exgihoan TRL Ride agus Story of yin Uso Hate when ery Gres “Ago A ng iy ih ey Chi wee ‘Sips tis ee of rsa i hr mo th Senet hearin te df oh ow lp he ab al of Sap ni onc tr ei acre Pte etre hong, Sop Oe Cam ey Fonicon en “iit at fyb x nor ie ti om ‘iret ays ope Smuts ty nap en ‘Sick seine wy fam bora brary fe mob ea cape pete eg it gh net ‘Sonn ys eg erm =] Seiad eugene ‘Fons rpg Oe np’ he srmanatey oacanluiete ur mya iereeeee chy nave mamas pace oe ‘ecw rn ote eres ‘Torsone oh «vga eg ay be mags eg ee hh arate ow Sn da yang i sr py a hd tn es eee ‘ihcntonnnt vem tpn Un She esi mt” oft American eae hei ig psi ws Sein hai ga pn ne ‘ets we ch wh ue ba ey ce ng nr ned Sse Yt bce ep ge Bao vhee bt hon Hye en tg Serine an per i a aia cepte eat nye ‘doc dt, Tc end hes sb aon a a | teen “They do only becuse theyll us ae er wealth, Ree nthe [US sate of Susur Intec of Columbia nae of very wea widowed women seduced unmarried me, thi resting aoe nih tomary moat Worse sl ours ingle women ad wo fr mig. he cy counctors have proposed atk singltans othe ct tt hose een who have esc matty tnd aril bachelors hold py one hand della err Foret te inldenc fii sex. Tir od poo fr he corp tno money” Aa cn en hs hs sn cot he wef wee thy mary hen opt py th women, pending i ton wth ae foeing mer pet aes Been cn sony thy Sa Ba oreo We ce te wren ‘Rental afin ene setenbre ‘yang i ont wi rh” Dy oto Ane sits ey ey i so nd al be eghed cet ay Ma fos ac agi tains ie ot We “irene tir fre mre commen enn of oot renege en net ss ane Camper ert + When the sons of wey fails rape or maest gs fom pooe fale tern due not say nything Ths bense of he power of money. + Boor il who bare talet or who have lay anions ae fre into rlageto the god hing oath wea Her The pi] in ke gta a ‘ecto rtp pi mg ‘cman tpn fr ve tvs 9 pay pen ‘Sere hve pte Hota hp ce aepe ea “ring the cee sete mache eb ‘rennet ners Sr ay ea ee Boyer Lil bere oe Ue i ‘uricheokta see Rok” eae lfore this coerion frig he © muse a rude for ber sete ie ort ami ie Thigh abot eat bene tte gi, + Weaty men ofan age or who are marying os cin tid ine, mary mach younger i ad the rary marie ond sch (among poor miles who want scien hing Thi the aphtes,he ieesto ore ete gl wont dare 5 a "hing forse worse tht se wl be able b eons indepen Seated + lund pe theduptr or even ie of ot hie sa anon senna ough rus te eat Stern by ect ft uence oes the lanl + Women employed at tare ate ltes raped by wealthy merchants ‘cme In mangement orig: postions hi ecu preven Inthe Amer Jip exhibit (into th lent) Beas pele ne fore by poverty ose the ch age + Avs only herr pod fer ey ilemone cng het toca re fae tothe bel bed Iie prea oan) + estore or middedss gl bese of poe, orange them sage (Ts hagpenst enn + Welly mem afer femal mrcg, rately mary + por gin ‘ese eri rma gan eee + Thewonen of oor no mater whther maser sot fen are campeled sl tibia. + never re ig ests ele; New Yorkin Arsenic ia tia Soaring point. As can seem he ove, generally wen women covet the wealth of men, they ofr up tht bods To ptt plainly ee men, depending onthe wath ae focing women to posite themsees. A woman who = eee omic sane eeitst ses herby toa men bcs of erst fr mone—1o mater water relanthp between por and rch In he Bok of Rl say "When ‘he actualy workin bated oats sla promt by acter ae. Triage ie tandoned andthe may of Band and we Becomes di Jn chin te women tt est ound by he es of pose 8 Xk thn te eens oes To a ett” 7) tized in the each “Sarving fo dst 2 all mater oing ene Pre rod oy, When the se of money easel he ‘hit is mor mae” ren hgh his oe gst common pe ‘uband and wie Ocul and thence sere Noung rar | le neverthess bens fone seo ses «wan sling bel Team Ura ase toys mariage gh abies rae | 2 peniynprt of wh, Butin ar- Ame, where the rl oh ‘SEEgETOr none. Inte cae tex of Choa tug weak 3 {Shrue or mecktanin Chin rnotsanetle pte ‘aed catom of th “gn cba pope Ty bower ma ‘According to a receat American survey, those women who marry with riage for weath bas rept oer the whole wor: lve iso lnger am obsts- a) ‘the most ease are nurses, journalists, servant girls, shop clerks, and fac- le to the dominance of wealth. Is this not lamentable? we tory gels mera tenet ne, wk pone pers a nor comer woul we a rash he apts of oe Se stones ne We an se ot marcy sant gin ct and on ey ne arog re Ti tory workers are all women of the poor seo pst get married quickly in “say, we need To move away from a sytem ia of marge OP a for MF to edctoheres man apaTEGRO GR einen rae, ‘Biv fre Ipsec dor hn we ms aaa 7 Shem he det olay and ere ned nt yn hey SEs th Rp oon ay ol lo Ey trent seed by men muh nd thar mary edt Hees, SPrc wi ven wld no get Becta by ony ey i poorer te women, teen ts ore dace. hint {ulti yap ir ad inet macage Whe co) it [ketone stoning em ee wel? Lat yin New York sensors ging ior eons ead te @ them fe wey many the anne of bul domanded 100 dl told be reed expen Tere mew le pe ye uk ying tei tet be ser she ‘di han with an comomi gun Ta nomi eon an se ‘oc dc thts ong meyers td be scone. ie te common pre bard oy cling teeoge he big tac onal en. “Yvan Deen end ome cate Be doe oud “steve tor contemporary geen apn which mt cron lt pion age‘ fom of tal ep bth meno “ny, ato te oe pre ose anog the women ote tren Ado sero teakteen ad ose ro yu doo desea demand ton youl in rer Theme the lemony The ick of eo marge dey {Dielae oma volo thn sob Bat iyo det eae 2 ino sheath rea of eons In ch steele ‘tone etn yo mat bg wth an conor, WB setae at et Siesta ngaeet Soe cree ‘me tet. Tech intrnaledy loti comfort eter hcl oper es be SOR {Zan forbeer nays to nd he noyent and pean The cone ZA sites eae Genco hs ha the wey ae mney o pure eros exo “ly, many commentators penkf loeb ma sd wom a then whew the poor mt eso poe them wh ee stir don, They we ume that ove dev fo en are "Therefor, instead of nang tls kindof tranraton “he [gndes}.l- “pesmi on ea of ct ce ‘gga between min and woe sae pony Hert a 3a 8 "appari oe ay ly sen ee ey arco se ves pended aan ero the i @ rc evar aes al ay ee ce ned wh noe ‘anew pened bot enn wane temp ‘tp pt ane Wien bendy mn ents fe Perera erp ae eae Seri oe gn bien Ty ne. (De Dita od Zen Sh ened Wn Sp. ‘ania a ew Coe sini Symmes” “On the Revenge of Women” PART 1: INSTRUMENTS OF MEN'S RULE OVER WOMEN He-Yin Zhen (1907) sess myst the women of my unr has cured to you that en arourarchenenyt Are you sare tht men vetoed ws for thosends of year? The ancl used oy tht tov who sate ne ant bake my enemy, Sach ow me have reed women and hee ‘ents sgl woman who ha not been il etd by sae i. Conse uel there nts gl worn who doe ot Dest» ude aaa Ine. Cues compare thi station io he poltical objoition of bet toh pine bat beg 0 dg sta that men nn be sbjoated td mart stmt oan len group the wil ofa King, or some apa When that happen, the peopl who rule andthe people who sub fo the sleaze Bathe. With women, howers tbe subjgaion tke on wl deren character One cannot deny tht an empress cup ‘highly etemed poston, bt she never queton er own sap Aman (en) At the ae end of he racy, one Binds Beg whose Soci posan cant be mare degraded, et ren fre Degg wold ot questioner subjugation on (men). aastion by na mean Confined othe ancient was prevalent in the men word twas in the pass nor iit ugly Chine situation sine theme Sedge " Ieleeernene eure eens teens dee Ute osieun thing happens io frig lana el! T woud otras a se about thi women were eatdd ar nonhuman spc [Bu supose meare aed oar human, hoe ean we alert ths oppeson day afer day id nor thinkabot este? “he evel ff syarenes among the women of Cin i very low an tose bo hae atin atch phy ighr rsh ick up the cums ‘fen iacous dour of tal elation. Tere no doubt hat he Mancha court othe Qing sy] sold be overiown, bt woo ke to poi ot hata Han sovereign rep could be ster wos han ‘he oes wrought by frig ile argue ht te moe socesfl a Han ‘domed egies the wos th appreton of women and he wore ironic saint on Tor lng toe, the Tan ave venerated the Yalow Emperor [Xun Yuan] th eto ance of he people The Yow Brperr ad realy oven conor eh give Beth to weave sons Ture of the bore diferent amy ames wih adie marines descent. Aer tha King Shan and King Wen beeime the ancien eager of China. Shun rd thie consort chee King We alge ada Bendre sons ois ‘rei Thi seme to peak othe preaence of male-dominated alg tiny among the Has Emperor Wo of the Han daa (36-57. ‘enews for isla proves expe and raped worn lesty tnd was a euciousar abet He didnot spare theives of own on Sova when be estaba the le that any Gut orp conse whone Sn waschoten a disteiothe tho mtb att det The ous Tg enperor of the Ming dyasty (Zu Yuanhang bait bis ious ‘rer the sue expulsion of frig (Mongl svar. Ths man ts remembered for aking theatres tat Tjad ot Ben the at that owed ny ovn to a woman, mold ave wiped ot : ‘ees th history provide nsghevidnce ht hee has ot bees ‘engl Han sovesgn who rt he arceneny of man? If we dit the fc ttl segs ofthe Hanae womed cheney. there 20 esson why ou revaton ast a aolshing frig re We should os sl i of gr iy tn gpl Ween Ep bi i ‘nec ai Ep en ttt ee ‘Sette ry yw nese oe =e ese Sime pote oer “rte one pret further and pote pote re by Han (male) sovereign and one ‘how well Te reon hat wear now sedan vend Nach le that th foegn people ave posed her tranny won us women Tey ave permite men to wild power witia the goemient a extend th conta troughout the buster stem ofthe cont Tat iw the revltion overthrow the Mancha rep should alto women. we lec ur oases beled by «xenophobic language to ec the dcourse af soe mer we wi have ate ke Han mn wh ade he Mancha eg In ther eanplgn again ther foegnen What dlerece would make, ‘hent Weate iting» foegnrepime mainly because ey have ruled 9 yates are rene) eee es ot sat be veto ven when & dept pty sides to dop constitution 0 Want int repaint ‘Rath espontilty ofeach nd erery one of to vette gover rent they ate eb Ton op epblan] govenmet thy ‘ould pot the machinery of polit rl and the machinery of ot (alae ennot bt alo the hands of en Ti va ea every Fret rom deposi. Bes fen and women hol power together they 7! ‘nl ot be aig pot power oll, and there abeaye x iain: ton between tone who rule a those who ae red. There wos be a0 jute to peak off women comin ob abut by mes, nor weld [Re eqtabefarsome women mbit the lf other women ve ‘ule most able gover Ad only when governments se ‘oto Way can men cae aie wth spect oer men, nd ‘rome te rndered elt ther wore, and (hs) men and wanes Sale onan equal ig shi ot ewes ah? eager 3 conse the psy f= normed propery, My engunent eth he sacl vide Beeb ‘ian por cigs frm th exaece af cla octet 0 the ve tat the ch meres tr hana when they ene poor te way tcy dw shold be okig within the ce ctr fr fr exlaatin. Tee techn Chi fr eampe Woe re grea LL he lowe ote y the wey. The moet mat fy the mare once ons mre ea 2 man eum Its the more lento is ebavior cores. The major hose who tke proses andi bro are wey sen. As ong ss of ten eins wren wil away ferro the ac hy bing he ego toma Sil and yeomen{ ad's a be communally owned. This ithe Sw ea ener quo oat men ey ‘inde th sods wen ht be ons aed ond ‘omen eed ot pont tebe snd de emacs oder ‘Shed emer alewing le ph ll would beth ight mond and waren wos se flied tient tbe dened enn ha alot wonest stop ieno mor ado tan he estrone Aerts ral Og eet te erege on eno he they hare deve ons seruitenibjgate mena ete Sy wom tae tov wren nist eden many sp thet wn noo nds yy aed nc open cr cmsices Wht ae thous of hs bjs? Blof wld ke ‘culm wth flow women henry ovn investi in he (auton epi Family Names and the Rise of Patriarchy 1 the ancient worl there exited totem rit in whl these of communal habands and wes preva. Brith writer Babar Jenks scribe th tem in is book A History of Pol allows “(Al he women of his marrige tote inthe same eration ae man wie. All Uhr chen are ir hin; al he menber of hi ote in the uae enero te is brother an sites (om he ay not try al he ‘ember fis moter oem fe hi pet ren aie ‘eck through femal Thi ugg hat men in age sole repre woren a communal share and women toe the eh ‘communal shared Take the etymology ofthe Chinese writen car ‘ter fu The carci bot term frig to secre wie and {ori term fran adult woman. The coreponding carer fu ‘eer osreonehesund but may aoe used asa genes ter oran Chae iin oa as ge ee en Ase el mae w “teheef tine am Do seems pete eee rt et at [iether mn cor eae fe nds won ni eet one pal ead ee "Rg un ohne mail vesndveman mule bende eet en rogue ge tn ma ‘ip othnganintn of aie pce, ee Ro Sieg besece spans minicom eee csc is Pini y Sey ae a arse ti eon neg tt en cin pres Sr tye eel dtctn bel em ‘SeChbet ngage he wren crea oman aces ‘semua rl wom sd weed oman ae sn itv of pine pop fe Sat ef ely ie aed ‘in poco en peg nn neon 1 cepg snes acre eying ded ing Som anew tt rt eet ot che ‘irene gpl bye ce Wh yr Dc ih ‘rst ps he ee Rode el had fecal pn kn te tes st at a te “son cep J bsenton nana ha main ected tap men hoe pny eel sen inlay whe ml eed en ls pn len aed ty meso et eter iets China crc si esting lanes tance compote a we cmb he crc fw te wd ig ely, "1 he an put Qi hg rr iter aig tingberg He he rpc sans ons tng ee ice tw no nny yn ot le er “Sentra ee item co be kef Sip sain dt ete ret a ta ‘ermine pen Tomo ae ie ‘ted hp tt th rs ‘na I tee india Copan. which denotes amy name” Ase mater fac the maes se (6° Sal pet ies et Tce writen with female radi. ae wa nes ng, Yao, iS, Yon Bul 8,18, Ying Ran end Niu. Legendary Fre ike Shennong andthe Yellow Emperor were descendant othe King Shodan, bt ach Does erent aay tae, ‘and lang respective Te Yalow Emperor fered teste Sns who bore many a eve det fay ames; an thei descndan La Zhong ad eas wh ct i fren fly are. Thi gee ‘bat th sos ere boon of th se fither bt of deen mothers whose fay same they Bore, Othe sich rious ancien a Tang Yo, 80 ‘ian fandee ofthe Shang and Zh dynasties al boxe hh 2 fay ume Legend as tht the ancien ge who conquered the ‘evi were ot the soe of men, What ould the ve meat yt ‘en, matlinel descent wa the nr, othe exception The ancients prcced maine eset when thee of ating men over and above ‘omen bd ot yet occured Sach wath ate fei oie ‘The coms of totic societies demanded tat men of oe totem up mary women of another teem group Bat Wheat totem groups ‘ein contin {EGRET WaDjoe f them evetuly prev fo (eat the oer. he vr woul nt damage and aces wpon {the anguished and lod it ores them by mascring the mals and tk ing eis women a prisoners Tht mst have ben th nal tage when | women wars enuived® When men captured women and posse them, Psy beame coetao of thay were al aves ad eg o cat them se rope. Men de wore perform ser Jobe and rat “he eal desis This would e the epaning of male domination over ‘women andthe appropision ofthe female body ‘inn aay inte he we Wn ean eee pm wo er Jom ten pet hn cng eG on perp pie ie ert nema ttn ‘tec tet rene nk eng dng seid am tee See tte gh sone The arc ‘Sete cree ec) ns ag eva ‘Staunton btn cl oon (Ginarvome sey ctu in teeta in “thee ‘Aste pase habits ave it the orm, Bec he spel of femal ses cul ot ays be cated to sly he dese, en tured thera othe women of ie Own oman and began. to sproprate them by means of monetary warts. The women i} Sought wh ney wt ld inthe sue lw ed a er sine Cllien been of couare waren were gen the ter ey tae Motes descent gv way pial descent 0 tat ot oaly the che of such mates] hae to bet he ae ane Dut women ‘hence a drop throw fous ad adopt heh Intend What oer sabe cold Rake o tet hd he ater pl ‘ate poperty when bth parts te response fr rng chil to {he ora rtisig ober fe? Doe make yee to it thsmoter basa son depend on when he oes eel belong he? Inthe Wes oy threes rt Sel SRY SBTC he ally sf manand woman But the moment win grad sb adap aed Sly ane an allow tore ery er stands tame, The reves bappens, sce one an badly fad an who toes oppote by adopting tis i amy sume What esi ean fo trwoman adopt her bans mame ot cary othe eel ed tenet creas? Haopean and Ane wen pie hence Om Bog ced bt why abou thy obey he ld cua ts give te ay names by lig onthe shan arose? Hv thy not ese thing rong soa it amen la Aenmotdbytheckoswrenet othe om in tion fom sans rales pacha eo teghning of #0 racy it pat en oer mic, lglg the farmer and degroing he late Men ave long tnposed he ste of ‘meopeany open women. A wor I owed mary one hand, rhs anc ey a any wes tc a8 Wt cold be ‘bor ujstunder ewe than th ten? In Western Europ, where the rate of mong the nom a hea the Chain hres eal oary men ngage earl fis nd i umber Pio ig st As he yen of ly hs ‘pper Band; and aang Alen counts, Cia the mos ntti n a ® Cras i He ae aed the ee ie thiepec Chinese men fared hat «woman wold be uff to er bord nd vented the dct tha he wife mu “ean treo one {ran ut deat inorder to guard aginst omer marl transgression. os practice of polyp ws eliminate to allow ale emit rem of piygynyt ora. Benning inthe Thre Dyan, men of power an pete who enjoyed the highs rank owned the rete fuvof wire Te fllorng cart shoud pve ur anion of ow tate lead worsen scoring t+ mani sol ak tn the Zou daasy (cayoa563.0) mal a wove ‘One quem ern conor 7 cond ak as ‘aa ee) rau eal ed) ine wines Dafne maser) (ones oso Sh(bitaskeicl) One fan one saeaine Sturn nese “Ti cart nde tthe sate of maple wires canbe traced ack sng. Fadel lors and grand masters Bopn to agpenne hemaeee by increasing the numer of contr and wero which hey wee et ed inthe period of Waring Sates (475-2186). By the Han doaty (oes neierasa C4) the cap om allowed cones sod ws for men af ‘ah oficial unk vs lied athe emperor allowed hse bate « Inve of five tor thouttd women. Unde the sverig, ls miner andthe ariocracy ech had Us etnies of cncabine «good expe ‘ing the Han yas miner Tan Fen, eho a arr of andres of sen, Miners in he abreguen dyna did more oles wt Tan Ind done and ped the patiachal pace of olguny to the extreme “These bers rly died nthe Tang tye etd bythe poet lj wo cans ina poem, TH lover thee thousand [ons] ‘Snow ved upon sige one [ora Te aunber "dee thousands oe “rte only api rggeting tat worsen the hares fhe Tang dy (Got-ore probaly reached atlensthee owsnd Theres eed enumerate th even greater suber ple women in he cours of Moo fs and Nlanchos Now does thi ot py ls te ros inequality Beweenhuchand and wie? Trisonly tobe epetd that not king euay between husbind and wi, parent lo teat hie ncn + unetal eings. The Book of Sousa thisverse ‘They wl oto ep aches hey ae scepteso ply es Danger tal be bor tis ‘They oto pon the god ‘They ted wath ape ‘They wae ter tpl wh Ish nt afi to sow ht ae in ace ne aod hoe toch mre thn tiger? Wore fl ot only do jets ic inne tween thr son and dager, bt Cro lta oe ei fhe and deve hee motes The dic Bp Aor ae be te ae aor dhe ther ep se eu Schl Gu Yama 6 2) tts hat “hee {ben ow ators nylon the the a a the Inthe mat neve ste ber etory in the est fh on Aa ‘tem cd Chins to beige ety ber own pen and {Powe ghey brad lyn lo ch {Sealed yer ue den Moen on hs ssn ch ‘bsg ad fel ought mut abort on te ahr are inal siting between asc wan “Fae os om nS Ca i i df eg i i ayia ec ‘MetangenaosaBf Soasp ne l Sea cm phan et pe @ eto Inserbing Gender Inequality with Writing Inout beeen mts and woman lncsbed oe wl tem ‘evden fr how the ances teed mene sop het ‘hana tuman bens hecho of Tce Rgds ces om the Entry af tory fh Sine of Woy ta “he Kongo word sewn savage socbtor fh the Nong, there wes no verbal {lon teense sd proper At re low the eymaops ‘the wien chart BI sve ad 9 fo“ nthe try ofthe tof Wes we wl ta bth charcersreeresalicy {te women” Anda we tnt th [Han sy Aral and Expl lan ten Chars we given a enplton “Je character Janus tle wma tthe character bean hy) ‘nang women G2)" eng Ke tsa aA on the Re {feb Wt we many he words lat wore and oly wa ‘edt connote rnin inthe ancient ONE Ter ayo so commited an ene Became aver ret nth ancient Toman dave wee intrcangetl ene Farber nang or the “nays ondBapctin of Wren Chara lind how hs as ited the see neni ine td an ath ef ‘aman at ghee ee

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