GLOSSARY OF PLUMBING
TERMS BACKWATER VALVE --- A device
AIR BREAK --- The physical separation
between a waste pipe and an indirect waste
receptor or device indirect connected.
AIR GAP --- The unobstructed vertical
distance through the free atmosphere
between the outlet of a faucet and flood
level of the fixture or receptacle.
ANGLE VALVE --- A valve in which the
inlet and outlet openings are at 90 deg.
Angle to one another.
BACKFLOW --- The flow of water or
wastewater in pipes in a reverse direction
from that normally intended.
BACK PRESSURE --- A pressure within
the sanitary drainage system or vent piping
system that is greater than atmospheric
pressure (>14.7 psi).
BACK SIPHONAGE --- The flowing by
negative pressure of contaminated or
polluted water from a plumbing fixture into
a potable water system.
BRANCH INTERVAL --- A vertical
installed in piping to prevent the reverse
flow of storm or sewage into the drainage
system or their branches.
BALL VALVE --- A valve in which the
flow of liquid is controlled by a rotating
drilled ball that fits tightly against a
resilient (flexible) seat in the valve body.
BATTERY OF FIXTURES --- Any
group of two or more similar adjacent
fixtures which discharge into a common
horizontal waste or soil branch.
BELL OR HUB --- The end portion of a
pipe which for a short distance is enlarged
to receive the end of another pipe which
may be of the same diameter for the
purpose of making a joint.
BIBB --- A term that is synonymous with
faucet, cock, plug, tap or spigot.
BIDEL --- A kind of fixture which is used
for bathing the external genitals and
posterior parts of the body.
BRANCH --- Any part of the piping
system other the main, riser or stack.
length of soil or waste stack at least eight
feet height (a storey height), within which
the horizontal branches from one storey or
floor of the building or structure are
connected to the stack.
BUILDING DRAIN / HOUSE DRAIN --
- That part of the lowest horizontal piping
of a plumbing system which receives the
discharge from soil, waste and other
drainage pipes inside a building and
conveys it to the building sewer/house
sewer.
BUILDING / HOUSE SEWER --- That
part of the drainage system that extends to
the end of the building drain and conveys
its discharge to the public sewer, private
sewer, individual sewage disposal system,
or other appropriate point of disposal.
BUILDING SUPPLY PIPE --- The first
section of water supply piping in a building
after the water meter.
CAULKING / CALKING / COGGING -
-- Plugging an opening with oakum, lead or
other material that are pounded into the
annular space. Also, the material pounded
into the annular space.
CEESPOOL --- Non-watertight lined
excavation in the ground which receives
the discharge of a sanitary drainage system
or part thereof, designed to retain the
organic matter and solids charging there
from, but permitting the liquid to seep
through the sides and bottom of the
cesspool.
CLEANOUT --- A fitting with a
removable plate or plug that is placed in
plumbing drainage pipe lines to allow
access to the pipes for the purpose of
cleaning and maintenance.
CONDUCTOR OR LEADER --- Part of
the roofing and/or area gutter system that
takes water form a roof above-surface area
to a storm drain or other disposal area or
system.
CROSS CONNECTION --- Any physical
connection or arrangement of pipes
between two otherwise separate building
water supply pipes or system through
which or by means of which supply may
flow form one system to the other, the
direction of flow depends on the pressure
difference between the two systems.
DEADEND --- The extend portion of a
pipe that is closed one end to which no
connections are made on the extended
portion, thus permitting stagnation of
wastewater or air therein.
DEVELOPED LENGTH --- The length
along the center line of pipes and fittings.
DIAMETER --- The nominal commercial
designation, normally the inside diameter
of the pipes, unless otherwise specifically
stated in a particular plumbing code.
DOWNSPOUT --- The vertical portion of
a rainwater conductor.
DRAIN --- Any pipe which carries
wastewater or waterborne waste in a
building drainage system.
DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNIT (dfu) ---
A common measure of the probable
discharge into the drainage system by
various types of plumbing fixtures on the
basis of one dfu being equal to a discharge
rate of 7.5 gals. per minute or one cubic
foot of water per minute.
DWV --- The abbreviation for drainage,
waste and vent.
FAUCET --- A valve on a water pipe by
means of which water can be drawn from
or held within the pipe. The valve is placed
on the end of the pipe.
FIXTURE --- A receptacle attached to a
plumbing system other than a trap in which
water or waste may be collected or
obtained for ultimate into the plumbing
system.
FLOOD LEVEL --- The level in a fixture
at which water begins to overflow the top
or rim of the fixture.
FLOW RATE --- The volume of water
used by a plumbing fixture in a given
amount of time. Usually expressed in
gallons per minute (gpm).
FLUSH VALVE --- A device located at
the bottom of a flush tank for flushing
water closets and similar fixtures.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE --- A device
which discharges a predetermined quantity
of water to fixtures for flushing purposes
and is actuated by direct water pressure.
FULL BATH --- A bathroom containing a
water closet, a lavatory and a bathtub.
GATE VALVE --- A valve in which the
flow of water is cut off by means of a
circular disk, fitting against machine-
smoothed surfaces at right angles to the
direction of flow. The disk is raised or
lowered by means of a threaded stem
connected to the handle of the valve. The
opening in the valve is usually as large as
the full bore of the pipe.
GLOBE VALVE --- A valve in which the
flow of water is cut off by means of a
circular disk that fits against the valve seat.
The plane of movement of the disk is
parallel to the normal direction of flow of
water, which is turned through a tortuous
passage to direct the flow normal to the
face of the disk.
GOOSENECK --- A kind of return bend
of small-sized faucet, one end of which is
about one foot long and the other end is
about three inches. It is commonly used as
a faucet for pantry sink and drinking
fountain. Also the lead connection between
the service pipe and the water main. Also a
P-trap.
HALF BATH --- A bathroom containing a
water closet and a lavatory.
HOSE BIBB --- A faucet to which a hose
may be attached.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE --- A waste
pipe that does not connect directly with the
drainage system but conveys waste by
discharging into a plumbing fixture or
receptacle, which is directly connected to
the drainage system, e.g. refrigerator waste
pipe, drinking fountain waste pipe, etc.
INSANITARY --- A condition contrary to
sanitary principles or injurious to health.
LAVATORY / WASH BASIN --- A
fixture designed for washing of the hands
and face.
MAIN --- The principal pipe to which the
branches may be connected.
MAIN VENT / VENT STACK --- A
vertical vent pipe installed primarily for the
purpose of providing circulation of air to or
from any part of the building drainage
system.
MANHOLE --- An opening constructed in
any part of plumbing system, of sufficient
size for a person to gain access thereto.
PIPE --- A cylindrical conduit or
conductor, the wall thickness is sufficient
to receive a standard pipe.
PLUMBING --- The art and science of
installing in buildings the pipes, fixtures
and other apparatus for bringing in water
supply and removing water and waterborne
waste.
PLUMBING FIXTURE / SANITARY
WARE --- A receptacle attached to a
plumbing system other than a trap in which
water or waste may be collected or retained
for ultimate discharge into the plumbing
system.
PLUMBING SYSTEM --- All water
supply, drainage, and venting systems and
all fixtures and their traps complete with
their connections.
POTABLE WATER --- Water that meets
the standards of a government agency and
is used for culinary, domestic and drinking
purposes.
PRIVY --- An outhouse or structure used
for the deposition of excrement.
P TRAP / ½ S TRAP / GOOSENECK ---
A P-shaped trap commonly used on most
plumbing fixtures except for fixture having
integral trap.
PUBLIC SEWER --- A common sewer
directly controlled by public authority to
which all abutters have equal rights of
connections.
RISER --- A water supply pipe that
extends vertically one full storey or more
to convey water to fixture branches or
group of fixtures.
ROUGHING-IN --- The installation of
parts of the plumbing system which can be
completed prior to installation of fixtures
or finishing. This includes drainage, water
supply and vent piping and necessary
fixture supports.
SEEPAGE PIT / CESSPOOL / DRY
WELL --- A loosely lined excavation in
the ground, which receives the discharge of
a septic tank and designed to permit the
effluent from the septic tank to seep
through the bottom and sides of the pit.
SEPTIC TANK --- A watertight
receptacle which the discharge of sanitary
plumbing system or part thereof, designed
and constructed to solids, digest organic
matter through a period of excavation and
to allow the liquids to discharge into the
soil outside of the tank through a system of
open jointed subsurface pings or a seepage
pit.
SEWAGE --- Any wastewater containing
animal or vegetable matter in suspension or
solution and may include liquids
containing chemicals in solution.
SEWER --- A pipe or conduit for carrying
sewage and wastewater.
SIPHONAGE --- A suction created by the
flow of liquids in pipes; a pressure less
than the atmospheric pressure.
SOIL PIPE --- A pipe which carries the
discharge toilets or similar fixtures, with or
without the discharge of other fixtures, to a
sewer or approved drain.
SOIL STACK --- Any pipe which
conveys the discharge of waste closet,
urinal fixtures having similar function,
with or without the discharges from other
fixtures to the building drain or sewer.
SPIGOT --- One end of a pipe which fits
into a bell; also a word used synonymously
with faucet.
STACK --- A general term used for any
vertical line of soil, waste or vent piping.
SUMP --- A tank or pit below the normal
grade of gravity receiving liquid waste or
sewage from which the wastes or sewage
must be mechanically pumped to a higher
receiving point.
TRAP --- A fitting or device designed and
constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents
backflow and passage of foul air and gases
without materially affecting the flow of
sewage or wastewater through it.
VENT PIPE --- A pipe or opening used
for ensuring the circulation of air in a
plumbing system and for relieving the
negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
VENT STACK / MAIN VENT --- The
vertical vent pipe installed primarily for
providing circulation of air to and from any
part of the soil, waste of the drainage
system.
WASTE PIPE --- A pipe which conveys
only wastewater or liquid waste free of
fecal matter.
WATER DISTRIBUTING PIPE --- A
pipe which conveys potable water from the
building supply pipe to the plumbing
fixtures and other outlets.
FUNDAMENTALS OF
PLUMBING AND PUMBING
SYSTEM
PLUMBING --- The art and science of
creating and maintaining sanitary
conditions in building used by humans.
Also defined as the art and science of
installing, repairing and servicing the
pipes, fixtures and appurtenances
necessary for bringing in water supply and
removing liquid and water-borne wastes.
PLUMBING SYSTEM --- Includes the
water supply distributing pipes; the fixture
WATER MAIN --- The water supply pipe
provided by the water utility company
where local individual connection are
done.
WATER SERVICE PIPE --- The first
after the water main before the water
meter.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM --- In a
building consists of the water service pipe,
water supply line, water distributing pipes
and essential branch pipes, valves and all
and fixture traps; the soil, waste and vent
pipes; the building drain and building
sewer; the storm water drainage, with their
devices, appurtenance and connections
with the building and outside the building
within the property line.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM --- A
system in plumbing which provides and
distributes water to the different parts of
the building or structure, for purposes such
as drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary
use, etc.; it includes the water distributing
pipes, control devices, equipment, and
other appurtenances.
other appurtenance for the supply of
potable water.
YOKE VENT --- A pipe connecting
upward from a soil or waste stack below
the floor and below the horizontal
connection to an adjacent vent stack at a
point above the floor and higher than the
highest spill level of fixtures for preventing
pressure changes in the stack.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM --- All the piping
within a public or private premises which
conveys sewage, rainwater or other liquid
wastes to a point of disposal.
SANITARY DRAINAGE AND VENT
PIPING SYSTEM --- Installed by the
plumber to remove wastewater and water-
borne wastes from the plumbing fixtures
and appliances, and to provide circulation
of air within the drainage piping.
SANITARY DRAINAGE PIPES ---
Pipes installed to remove the wastewater
and water-borne wastes from plumbing
fixtures and conveys these to these to the
sanitary sewer and other point of disposal.
VENTILATION SYSTEM --- A system
of pipes, fittings and other devices installed
for the purpose of providing circulation of
air and creating balanced atmospheric
condition within the system thereby
preventing siphonage and backpressure.
SOIL PIPE --- A pipe that conveys the
discharge of water closet or similar fixtures
containing fecal matter, with or without the
discharge of other fixtures to the building
drain or building sewer.
WASTE PIPE --- A pipe that conveys
only liquid waste free of fecal matter.
INDIRECT WASTE --- A waste pipe that
does not connect directly with the drainage
system, but that discharges into the
drainage system through an air break or
gap into a trap, fixture receptor or
interceptor.
DRAIN --- A pipe which carries ground
and surface water, storm water or waste
water into the building drainage system.
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM --- The
storm drainage system is a system of pipes,
fitting, devices and appurtenances for
removing storm water-rainwater, surface
run-off and underground seepage resulting
from preciptation.
WATER AND WATER
SUPPLY SYSTEMS
WATER – is the most basic and
fundamental component of life on earth
HEAT CAPACITY – water has the ability
to absorb heat withut becoming much
warmer itself.
SURFACE TENTION – it is the ability of
water to stick to itself and pull itself
together
CAPILLARITY – the ability of water to
climb up a surface against the pull of
gravity
DISOLVING ABILITY – water has the
ability to dissolve almost any substance, it
is known as a universal solvent
NATURAL WATER – readily found in
nature, as impounded from precipitation,
contains impurities ( physical, chemical,
bacteriological or radiological ).
PURIFIED WATER – water which
undergoes treatment, either physical,
biological or chemical means to improve
water quality.
CONTAMINATED WATER – water
with any material or subatance that affects
the quality of water and affects the health
of individual .
POLLUTED WATER – water with the
presence of any foreign substance (organic,
inorganic, radiological, biological) which
tends to degrade its quality so as to
constitute health hazard and impair the
potability of water
HARD WATER – water with the presence
of elements such as calcium, magnesium,
iron, and aluminium which causes
hardness.
SOFT WATER – water without the
presence of calcium and magnesium
GREY WATER – water from laundry,
wash basin, sinks, shower, bath tubs
BLACK WATER – water –plus-human
waste that is flushed out of toilets and
urinals
STORM WATER – rain, surface run-off
WATER TREATMENT
SEDIMENTATION – this process
removes suspended matter from water
simply by allowing time and the inactivity
of water to do the work of setting out
heavier suspended particles
COAGULATION ( flocculation ) – this
process removes suspended matter, along
with some coloration.
AERATION (Oxidation ) – this process
can improve the taste and color of water,
remove iron and manganese and decrease
in corrosiveness.
OZONATION – less aesthetic than
aeration but more certain oxidation
process, commonly used in cooling tower
treatment and in addition ozonation has a
very wide range of treatment applications
SLOW SAND FILTERS – used in
rainwater application, low maintenance,
easily constructed devices that should be
cleaned as often as the turbidity of water
demands.
PRESSURE SAND FILTERS – requires
control and the attention of the operator
and are rarely used for individual water
systems.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTERS
– can be either vacuum or pressure type,
require periodic attention to make it
effective
POROUS STONE, CERAMIC OR
UNGLAZED PORCELAIN FILTERS
(Pasteur filters) – usually made in small
sizes so that they can be attached to water
faucets.
FINE FILTRATION – combined process
that removes iron and/ or manganese,
which from precipitates.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS –
particularly effective for removing tastes
and odors.
REVERSE OSMOSIS – widely used
method for desalting seawater, sometimes
used to reduce the mineral content in
water.
DISINFECTION – most important health-
related water treatment.
CHLORINE – most widely used
disinfectant in municipal water system in
most parts of the world.
CHLORAMINES – these compounds,
resulting from the reaction of ammonia
with chlorine in water solution, are
commonly used in municipal water supply
systems because of its superior stability of
chloramines compounds over chlorine.
CHLORINE DIOXIDE – chlorine
dioxide exhibits stronger disinfecting
characteristics than chloramines
IODINE – the common relative of
chlorine has been used for years by
campers for disinfecting drinking water of
unknown quality.
DISTILLATION – purification that
produces the equivalent of bottled water
for drinking, cooking and laboratory uses.
CORROSION CONTROL – keep water
systems operating freely and to prevent
corrosive water from increasing the
concentration of hazardous materials (as
from copper pipes).
WATER DESALINATION – procedure Refers to a plumbing fixture that rests on CLASSIFICATION OF WATER
is done by heating seawater than pumping the floor. CLOSET ACCORDING TO:
water 1. Design
WALL HUNG 2. Quality
NERO Refers to a plumbing fixture which is 3. Shape colour
supported from the wall.
ACE
ACCORDING TO DESIGN:
PLUMBING FIXTURES/ QUALITY OF MATERIALS 1. FLUSH TYPE WATER CLOSET
Plumbing fixtures shall be manufactured of (FLOOR MOUNTED OR WALL
PLUMBING APPLIANCES/ dense, durable, non-absorbent materials MOUNTED)
SANITARY WARES and must have smooth, impervious 1.1 Diaphragm type flushometer valve
surfaces, free from unnecessary concealed 1.2 Piston type flushometer valve
PLUMBING FIXTURE
fouling surfaces. 2. TANK TYPE WATER CLOSET
A receptacle attached to a plumbing system
(PROVIDE WITH FLUSH TANKS)
other than a trap in which water or waste
PROHIBITED FIXTURES 2.1 HIGH TANK- a flush tank is
may be collected or obtained for ultimate
Use of water closets having invisible seals located high up behind the toilet bowl.
discharge into the plumbing system.
or unventilated space or having walls, 2.2 CLOSE COUPLED- flush tank is
which are not thoroughly washed out at attached at the back of the closet bowl.
SANITARY WARE
each discharge shall be prohibited. Any 2.3 ONE PIECE- toilet is similar to
Porcelain enamel ware, such as bathtubs,
water closet which might permit siphonage freestanding model, except that the tank
sewer pipes, toilet bowls, wash basins, etc.
of the contents of the bowl back into the and bowl are single piece.
water tank shall be prohibited as well as 2.4 FREESTANDING – toilet has a
PLUMBING FIXTURE TRIM
trough urinal. Drinking fountains shall not tank sitting on top of bowl; bowl is
The water supply and drainage fittings
be installed inside public toilet rooms. mounted on bathroom floor.
which are installed on the fixture to control
2.5 CORNER TOILET – has a
the flow of water into the fixture and the
WATER CLOSET triangular shaped tank; good for small
flow of waste water from the fixture to the
A water closet is a water-flushed plumbing bathroom.
sanitary drainage system.
fixture designed to receive human wastes 2.6 LOW PROFILE – one pice with
directly from the user. Also known as toilet tank rising only slightly above height of
or a room in which the fixture is located. the toilet bowl.
FLOOR SET/ FLOOR MOUNTED
FLUSHING DESIGN
1. Washdown (WD) carrier. Both types have integral or built-in
2. Reverse trap (RT) TYPES OF LAVATORY trap.
3. Siphon jet (SJ)/ siphon action (SA) 1. Wall hung
4. Siphon vortex (SV) 2. w/ pedestal BIDET
5. Blowout (BO) 3. countertop A bidet is low-set bowl equipped with cold
4. Under-the-counter and hot running water, which is used for
SHAPE 5. One plece bathing external genitals or posterior parts
1. Regular round front bowl type or of the body.
plain bowl URINAL
2. Elongated type A urinal is a water-flushed plumbing TYPES OF BATHTUB
fixture designed to receive urine directly. 1. Recessed Bathtub or Built-in
PROHIBITED FIXTURES Bathtub
Pan, washout and valve plunger offset TYPES OF URINAL 2. Bath-Shower Module
without other water closet having invisible 1. Wall-hung
seals or unventilated space or walls not 2. Stall type BATHTUB FAUCETS
thoroughly washed at each flush shall not 3. w/ pedestal 1. Overrim Bathtub Fitting
be used. Long hopper water closets or 4. Trough type Consists of a faucet assembly and a mixing
similar appliances shall not be installed. spout. These are mounted on the wall on
Latrine is also prohibited by most health TYPES OF FLUSHING ACTIONS the drain end of the tub with the spout
authorities for permanent installation. 1. Washout above the flood level rim of the tub (hence
2. Siphon Jet the name overrim).
LAVATORY OR WASH BASIN 3. Blowout
A lavatory is a plumbing fixture designed KITCHEN SINKS
for washing of hand and face. A kitchen sink is a shallow, flat-bottomed
plumbin
FORMS Women’s Urinal
1. Round These are urinals designed for women
2. Square where the user is in straddled position SHOWER BATH
3. Oval when using this fixture. One type of this A shower bath is a bath in which the
4. Rectangular fixture is the floor set and the other is the bathing water is showered on the user’s
5. Triangular wall-hung which is supported by a chair body from above.
6. Trapezoidal
g fixture that is used in cleaning dishes and TYPES OF LAUNDRY TRAYS 1. Home laundry with utility rooms.
in lieu of food preparation. 1. Floor Set Laundry Tray 2. Basement of all buildings.
2. Wall-hung Laundry Tray 3. Public rest rooms.
TYPES OF KITCHEN SINKS 4. Janitor’s closet.
1. Double Compartment Kitchen FLOOR DRAINS 5. Entrances and exits to large
Sink A floor drain is a receptacle used to receive shower rooms.
These are manufactured in enamelled cast water that is to be drained from the floor 6. Building entryways.
iron, enamelled pressed steel and stainless. into the drainage system. FLOOR 7. Garages
2. Single Compartment Kitchen Sink DRAINS ARE CONSIDERED 8. Restaurant kitchens
PLUMBING FIXTURES. 9. Food markets
GARBAGE DISPOSERS/ FOOD
WASTE DISPOSERS/ GRINDERS TYPES OF FLOOR DRAIN LOCATIONS OF FLOOR DRAINS
A garbage disposer, also called food waste 1. Floor drains with integral trap 1. In toilet rooms containing two or
disposer, is an electric grinding device 2. Floor drain with body to use a more contiguous water closets or urinals.
used with water to grind food wastes into separate P-trap 2. In every kitchen area with floor of
pulp and discharge these wastes into the 3. Dry pan floor drain. impervious material.
drainage system. 3. Near urinals.
FEATURES OF A FLOOR DRAIN 4. Near slop sinks.
DISHWASHERS 1. The minimum outlet size of a floor 5. Near bathtubs.
A dishwasher is an electric appliance for drain shall be 2 inches. 6. In areas of impervious material
washing dishes. 2. The floor drain strainer or grate where splashes of water is expected to
must be removable. flow.
3. The combined free area of the
holes in the strainer (grate) must equal the OTHER TYPES OF FLOOR DRAINS
size of the drain outlet. 1. Shower Drain
4. Floor drain trap must be deep seal 2. Kitchen Drain
LAUNDRY TRAYS with 3 inches minimum trap seal. 3. Canopy Drain
A laundry tray is a fixed tub, installed in 5. Floor drains installed below 4. Balcony Drain
the laundry area, used for washing and ground level must be equipped with 5. Deck Drain
other household items such clothes, backwater valve. 6. Plantbox Drain
fabrics, cloth, draperies, etc. 7. Scupper Drain
USES OF FLOOR DRAINS 8. Roof Drain

SERVICE SINK/ MOP SINK/
JANITOR’S SINK
These are fixtures that are installed in
janitor’s closets and building maintenance
areas for use by the building maintenance
personnel.
MINIMUM PLUMBING FACILITIES
1. Drinking fountains shall not be
installed in toilet rooms.
2. Laundry trays. One (1) laundry
tray or one (1) automatic washer standpipe
for each dwelling unit or two (2) laundry
trays or two automatic washer standpipes,
or combination thereof, for each ten (10)
apartments. Kitchen sinks, one (1) for each
dwelling or apartment unit.
3. Where there is exposure to skin
contamination with poisonous, infectious,
or irritating materials, provide one (1)
lavatory for each five (5) persons.
4. Wide 609.6 mm or wash sink
457.2 mm diameter a circular basin, when
provided with water outlets for such space,
shall be considered equivalent to one (1)
lavatory.
5. Laundry trays, one (1) for each total number of water closets and urinals
fifty (50) persons. Slops sinks, one (1) for required for males.
each 100 persons. School should be
provided with toilet facilities on each floor
having classrooms. Temporary
workingmen facilities, one (1) water closet
and one (1) urinal for each thirty (30)
workmen.
6. The number of occupants for a
drive-in restaurant shall be considered as
equal to the number of parking stalls.
7. Employee toilet facilities are not
be included in the above restaurant
requirements. Hand washing facilities must
be available in the kitchen for employees.
8. When food is consumed indoors,
water stations may be substituted for
drinking fountains. Theatres, auditoriums,
dormitories, offices, or public buildings for
use by more than six (6) persons shall have
one (1) drinking fountain for the
first seventy-five (75) person and one (1)
additional fountain for each one-hundred
and fifty (150) persons thereafter.
9. There shall be a minimum of one
(1) drinking fountain per occupied floor in
schools, theatres, auditoriums, dormitories,
offices or public building.
10. The total number of water closets
for females shall be at least equal to the
GLOSSARY OF
ELECTRICAL TERMS
ADMITTANCE --- The reciprocal of
impedance.
AIR BLAST TRANSFORMER --- A
transformer cooled by forced circulation of
air through its core and coils.
AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER --- A circuit
breaker in which the interruption occurs in
air.
AIR SWITCH --- A switch in which the
interruption of the circuit occurs in air.
ALTERNATING CURRENT --- A
periodic current, the average value of
which over a period is zero.
ALTERNATOR (SYNCHRONOUS
GENERATOR) --- A synchronous
alternating current machine that changes
mechanical power into electrical power.
AMMETER --- An instrument for
measuring electrical current.
AMPACITY --- The current, in amperes,
that a conductor can carry continuously
under the conditions of use without
exceeding its temperature rating.
AMPERE --- A change flow of one
coulomb per second.
APPLIANCE --- Current-consuming
equipment, fixed or portable, such as
heating or motor-operated equipment.
APPLIANCE BRANCH CIRCUIT --- A
branch circuit that supplies energy top one
or more outlets to which appliances are to
be connected, and that has no permanently
connected lighting fixtures that are not a
part of an appliance.
ARMORED CABLE --- A cable provided
with a wrapping of metal, usually steel
wires, primarily for the purpose of
mechanical protection.
ASKAREL --- A synthetic non-flammable
insulating liquid which, when decomposed
by electric arc, evolves only non-
flammable gaseous mixture, usually in
transformers as insulator.
ASKAREL TRANSFORMER --- A type
of transformer which uses synthetic
electrical insulating liquid which when
decomposed by electric arc generates only
non-explosive gases or gaseous mixtures.
AUTOMATIC TRANSFORMER
EQUIPMENT --- A device used to
transfer load from one power source to
another e.g. transfer switch, switchboard
assembly, etc.
AUTOTRANSFORMER --- A
transformer in which part of the winding is
common to both the primary and secondary
circuits; output voltage adjusts
automatically depending on required
voltage of utilization equipment.
AUXILIARY --- A device or equipment
which aids the main device or equipment.
AUXILIARY GUTTER --- A sheet metal
enclosure for conductors, cables and bus
bars at switchboards, meter centers,
distribution centers and similar points.
BALLAST --- A device used with
fluorescent and high-intensity discharge
lamps to provide the necessary circuit
condition for starting and operating the
lamp.
BRANCH CIRCUIT --- The circuit
conductors between the final over current
device protecting the circuit and outlet(s).
BRANCH CONDUCTOR --- A
conductor that branches off at an angle
from continuous run of conductor.
BUNA --- A synthetic rubber insulation
used on wires, cables and other electrical
apparatus.
BUS --- A conductor or group of
conductors that serves as a common
connection for three or more circuits in a
switchgear assembly.
BUSBAR --- A metallic bar used to
provide common contact or termination for
a group of all wires or cables such as in an
auxiliary gutter, panel board or a
switchboard assembly.
CABLE SHEATH --- The protective
covering such as non-metallic materials as
plastic, applied over a cable.
CIRCUIT BREAKER --- A device
designed to open and close circuit by non-
automatic means and to open the circuit
automatically on a predetermined over-
current without damage to itself when
properly applied within its rating.
CIRCUIT HOMERUN --- In a wiring
diagram, an arrow having circuit number
designed the point at which such branch
circuit will be connected.
CIRCULAR MIL --- A unit for
measuring the cross-sectional area of a
conductor (used in MCM conductors);
wires and cables are presently measured by
its diameter (mm) or cross-sectional area
(sq.mm.).
CONDUCTANCE --- A measure of
permissive to change flow; the reciprocal
of resistance.
CONDUCTOR --- A substance that has
free electrons or other charge carries which
permit charge flow when an emf
(electromotive force) is applied across the
substance.
BARE CONDUCTOR --- A conductor
having no covering or electrical insulation
whatsoever.
COVERED CONDUCTOR --- A
conductor encased within material of
composition or thickness that is not
recognized by code a electrical insulation.
INSULATED CONDUCTOR --- A
conductor encased within material of
composition and thickness that is
recognized by code.
CONDUCTIVITY --- A measure of the
ability of a material or substance to
conduct electrical current, equal to the
reciprocal of the resistivity of the
substance.
CONDUIT --- A duct or tube for
enclosing wires or cables; commonly
formed from iron pipe or plastic tubing.
CONDUIT FITTINGS --- Accessories
used to complete a conduit system, such as
boxes, bushing and access fitting.
CODULET --- A device installed at
intermediate points usually at turns
facilitate easy pull through of wires and
provide junction of wires for splicing;
usually provided with an access cover.
CONVENIENCE OUTLET --- An outlet
which receives the plug with flexible cord
of electrical appliances or equipment such
as lamps, refrigerator, television set, power
tools, etc.
COPPER-CLAD ALUMINUM
CONDUCTOR --- Conductors drawn
from a copper-clad aluminum rod with the
copper metallurgy bonded to an aluminum
core. The copper forms ten (10) percent of
the cross-sectional area of a solid
conductor or each stranded conductor.
COULOMB --- An electric charge of 6.28
x 10 18 electrons. One coulomb is
transferred when a current of 1 ampere
continues past a point for 1 second.
CURRENT --- The rate of charge flow. A
current of 1 ampere is equal to a flow rate
of 1 coulomb per second.
CUTOUT BOX --- An enclosure designed
for surface mounting that as swinging
doors secured directly to and telescoping
with walls of the box proper.
DEMAND FACTOR --- The ratio of the
maximum demand of a system or part of a
system, to the toal connected load of a
system or part of the system under
consideration.
DEVICE --- A unit of an electrical system
that is intended to carry but not utilize
electric energy.
DIRECT CURRENT --- A unidirectional
current with a constant value.
DISCONNECTING MEANS --- A
device, or group of devices, or other means
by which the conductors of a circuit can be
disconnected from their source of supply.
DISTRIBUTION CENTER --- A point at
which energy is divided among feeders or
branch or combination of both and where
over current devices are usually located.
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT --- A conducting
path through which electric charges may
flow A DC circuit is a closed path for a
charge flow; an AC circuit is not
necessarily closed, and may conduct in part
by means of an electric field.
ELECTRIC MOTOR --- A device for
converting electrical energy into
mechanical energy.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM --- The entire
system of conductors, equipment and
devices that are interconnected to sources
of potential difference for distribution and/
or utilization of electrical energy.
ELECTRICAL UNITS --- In practical
system, electrical units comprise the volt,
ampere, ohm, watts, watt-hour, coulomb,
henry, farad, joule, etc.
ELECTRICAL SURGE --- A transient
wave of current, potential or power in the
electric circuit.
ELECTRICITY --- A physical entity
associated with the atomic structure of
matter that occurs in polar forms (positive
and negative) and that are separable by
expenditure of energy.
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION -
-- A process of emf (electromotive force)
generation induced by movement of
magnetic flux which cuts an electrical
conductor; used in generators to produce
current.
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) ---
An energy-charge relation that results in
electric pressure, which produces or tends
to produce charge flow.
ELECTROSTRATICS --- A branch of
electrical science dealing with the laws of
electricity at rest.
EMERGENCY LIGHT --- A temporary
source of light provided by a lamp
powered by storage battery within the unit.
FARAD --- A unit of capacitance defined
by the production of one volt across the
capacitor terminals when a charge of one
coulomb is stored.
FEEDER --- All circuit conductors
between the service equipment, the source
of a separately derived system, or other
power supply source and the final branch-
circuit over-current device.
FLASHOVER --- A disruptive electrical
discharge around or over (but not through)
an insulator.
FLEXIBLE CONDUIT ---Non-rigid
metallic or non-metallic conduit into which
conductors may be drawn.
FREQUENCY --- The number of periods
occurring n unit time of a periodic process
such as in the flow of electric charge.
FUSE --- A protective device with a
fusible element that opens the circuit by
melting when subjected to excessive
current.
GALVANOMETER --- An instrument for
indicating or measuring comparatively
small currents. A galvanometer has zero-
center indication.
GENERAL PURPOSE BRANCH
CIRCUIT --- A branch circuit that
supplies a number of outlets for lighting
and appliances.
GENERATOR --- A machine that
converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy utilizing electromagnetic induction
principles.
AC GENERATOR --- A generator that
produces alternating current.
DC GENERATOR --- A generator that
produces direct current.
GREENFIELD --- Flexible metal conduit
which resembles an armored cable in
appearance but is more adaptable than
armored cable because of its various sizes
and number or wires that can be pulled
through it.
GROUND --- A conducting connection,
whether intentional or accidental, between
an electric circuit or equipment and the
earth or to some conducting body that
serves in place of the earth.
GROUNDED CIRCUIT --- A circuit in
which one conductor or point (usually the
neutral conductor or neutral point of
transformer or generator winding) is
intentionally grounded, either solidly or
through a grounding device.
GROUNDED CONDUCTOR --- A
system or circuit conductor that is
intentionally grounded.
GROUND-FAULT CIRCUIT
INTERRUPTER (GFCI) --- A device
installed in circuits where current leakage
can be especially dangerous, such as
outdoor or bathroom circuits; shuts off
current flow within 0.025 second at the
onset of leak as small as 5 milli-amperes.
GROUNDING CONDUCTOR --- A
conductor used to connect equipment or
the grounded circuit of a wiring system to a
grounding electrode or electrodes.
GROUNDING ELECTRODE
CONDUCTOR --- The conductor used to
connect the grounding electrode to the
equipment grounding conductor, to the
grounded conductor, or to both, of the
circuit at the service equipment or at the
source of a separately derived system.
HENRY --- A unit of inductance; it
permits current increase at the rate of 1
ampere per second when 1 volt is applied
across the inductor terminals.
HYSTERESIS --- The magnetic property
of a substance which results from residual
magnetism.
IMPEDANCE --- Opposition to AC
current by a combination of resistance and
reactance; impedance is measured in ohms.
INDIVIDUAL BRANCH CIRCUIT ---
A branch circuit that supplies only one
utilization equipment.
INSULATED --- Separated from other
conducting surfaces by dielectric
permanently offering high resistance to the
passage of current and to disruptive
discharge.
INSULATOR --- A material or substance
that does not allow the flow of electricity
through.
INTERRUPTING RATING --- The
highest current rating at rated voltage that a
device is intended to interrupt under
standard test conditions.
INVENTER --- A device that converts
direct current (dc) to alternating current
(ac).
ISOLATING SWITCH --- A switch
intended for isolating an electrical circuit
from the source of power.
JUMPER --- Short length of conductor
used to make a connection between
terminals or around a break in a circuit, or
around an instrument. It is usually a
temporary connection.
JUNCTION BOX --- A box with a blank
cover which serves the purpose of joining
different runs of raceway or cable, and
provided with sufficient space for
connection and branching of the enclosed
conductors.
KILOWATT-HOUR --- A unit of energy,
equal to the energy transferred or expended
by one kilowatt in one hour.
KILOWATT-HOUR METER --- An
instrument or device used to measure
power consumption measured in kilowatt-
hour.
KNIFE SWITCH --- A switch in which
the circuit is closed by moving a blade
engaging contact clips; such type is used in
safety switch design.
LIGHTING OUTLET --- An outlet used
for direct connection of a lampholder,
lighting fixture, or a cord that supplies a
lampholder.
LIGHTING ARRESTOR --- A device
for providing path by which lighting
disturbances or other static discharges are
passed to earth; this is primarily intended
to prevent damage to electrical apparatus
due to lighting.
DAMP LOCATION --- Partially
protected locations under canopies,
marquees, roofed open porches, and like
locations, and interior locations subject to
moderate degrees of moisture, such as
some basements, some barns, and some
cold storage warehouse.
DRY LOCATION --- A location not
normally subject to dampness or wetness.
A location classified as dry may be
temporarily subject to a dampness of
wetness, as in the case of a building under
construction.
WET LOCATION --- Installations
underground or in concrete slabs or
masonry in direct contact with earth, and
locations subject to saturation with water
or other liquids, such as vehicle washing
areas, and locations exposed to weather
and unprotected.
LUG --- Copper or brass fitting to which
electrical wires can be soldered or
otherwise connected.
MAXIMUM DEMAND --- Maximum
demand of an installation or system is the
largest of all the demands which have
occurred during the specified period of
time.
METAL-CLAD --- A component so
constructed that the conducting parts are
entirely enclosed in metal casing or
enclosure.
METER CENTER --- A point or a place
where all meters in a building may be
located, usually located in the service area
of a building for convenience and easy
access.
MOISTURE-RESISTANT --- A device,
equipment or conductor so constructed or
treated that exposure to a moist atmosphere
will not readily cause injury or harmful
effect in its quality.
MHO --- The unit of conductance defined
as the reciprocal of the ohm.
MOTOR --- A device that converts
electrical energy into mechanical energy,
as an induction motor.
OHM --- The unit of resistance; a
resistance of one ohm sustains a current of
1 ampere when 1 volt is applied across the
resistance.
OHMMETER --- An instrument for
measuring resistance values.
OHM’S LAW --- A law stating that
current is directly proportional to the
applied voltage and inversely proportional
to resistance, reactance or impedance.
OUTLET --- A point in a wiring system
from which current is taken for supply of
fixtures, lamps, heaters, etc.
OVERCURRENT --- Any current in
excess of the rated current of the
equipment or the ampacity of the
conductor; it may result from overload,
short circuit or ground fault.
OVERLOAD --- Operation of equipment
in excess of normal, full load rating, or of a
conductor in excess of rated ampacity that,
when it persists for a sufficient length of
time, would cause damage or dangerous
overheating. A fault, such as short circuit
or ground fault, is not an overload.
PANELBOARD --- A single or group of
panel units designed for assembly in the
form of a single panel; including buses,
automatic over current devices, and
equipped with or without switches for the
control of light, heat, or power circuits;
designed to be placed in a cabinet or cutout
box placed in or against a wall or partition
and accessible only from the front.
PLUG --- A device inserted into a
receptacle for connection of a cord to the
conductor terminations in the receptacle.
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE --- A
potential difference of 1 volt is produced
when 1 unit of work is done in separating
unit charges through unit distance.
POWER --- The rate of doing work, or
rate of converting energy when 1 volt is
applied to a load and the current demand is
1 ampere, the rate of energy conversion
(power) is 1 watt.
POWER OUTLET --- An enclosed
assembly that may include receptacles,
circuit breakers, fuseholders, fused
switches, buses and watt-hour meter
mounting means.
PULL BOX --- A metal or a plastic box
with a blank cover for insertion into a
conduit run, raceway, or metallic tubing,
which facilitates the drawing of
conductors.
RACEWAY --- A channel for holding
wires or cables; constructed from metal,
wood, plastics, rigid metal, electrical metal
tubing, cast-in-place, underfloor, surface
metal, surface wooden types, wireways,
busways, and auxiliary gutters.
RAINPROOF --- Constructed, protected
or treated so as to prevent rain from
interfering with the successful operation of
the apparatus under specified test
conditions.
RAINTIGHT --- Constructed or protected
so that exposure to a beating rain will not
result in the entrance of water under
specified test conditions.
RATED VOLTAGE --- The rated voltage
of equipment is the voltage to which
opening and performance characteristics
are referred.
RECEPTACLE --- A receptacle is a
contact devise installed at the outlet for the
connection of an attachment plug.
RECEPTACLE OUTLET --- An outlet
where one or more receptacles are
installed.
RECTIFIER --- A device that converts
alternating current (ac) to direct current.
RESISTANCE --- A physical property
opposes current and dissipates real power
in the form of heat. Resistance is measured
in ohms.
RESISTOR --- A device designs to
introduce resistance into an electric
current.
SERIES CIRCUIT --- A circuit that
provides a complete path for current and
has its components connected end-to-end.
SERVICE CABLE --- Service conductors
made up in the form of a cable.
SERVICE CONDUCTORS --- The
conductors from the service point to
service disconnecting means.
SERVICE DROP --- The overhead
service conductors from the last pole or
other aerial support to and including the
splices, if any, connecting to the service-
entrance conductors at the building or other
structures.
SERVICE ENTRANCE CONDUCTOR
(OVERHEAD SYSTEM) --- The service
conductors between the terminals of the
service equipment and a point usually
outside the building, clear of building
walls, where joined by tap or splice to the
service drop.
SERVICE-ENTRANCE CONDUCTOR
(UNDERGROUND SYSTEM) --- The
service conductors between the terminals
of the service equipment and the point of
connection to the service lateral.
SERVICE EQUIPMENT --- The
necessary equipment, usually consisting of
a circuit breaker(s) or switch(es) and
fuse(s) and their accessories connected to
the load end of service conductors to a
building or other structure, or an otherwise
designated area, and intended to constitute
the main control and cutoff of the supply.
SERVICE LATERAL --- The
underground service conductors between
the street main, including any risers at a
pole or structure or from the transformers,
and the first point of connection to the
service entrance conductors in a terminal
box or meter other enclosure, inside or
outside the building wall.
SERVICE POINT ---The point of
connection between facilities of the serving
utility and the premises wiring.
SERVICE RACEWAYS --- The
raceways that encloses the service-entrance
conductors.
SETTING --- The value of the current at
which the circuit breaker is set to trip.
SOLDERLESS CONNECTOR --- A
mechanical device that does not employ
soldering process as a means of connecting
wires and cables rather a mechanical
coupling or connector is used.
STANDBY GENERATOR --- A
generator for providing emergency power
during power outage; sometimes called
Emergency Generator.
SURGE ARRESTER --- A protective
device for limiting surge voltage on
equipment by discharging or bypassing
surge current; it prevents continuous flow
of follow current to ground and is capable
of repeating these functions as specified.
SWITCH --- A device for making,
breaking, or rearranging the connections of
an electric circuit.
SWITCH BANK --- In switch installation,
a place or a point in a building where
group of switches used to control group of
lamps may be located.
SWITCHBOARD --- A large single
panel, frame or assembly of panels on
which are mounted, on the face or back or
both, switches, over current and other
protective devices, buses, usually
instruments.
SWITCHGEAR --- A general term which
covers switching and interrupting devices
or apparatus.
TRANSFER SWITCH --- A device used
for transferring one or more load-
conductor connections from one power
source to another such as an automatic
transfer switch (ATS) or a manual transfer
switch (MTS).
TRANSFORMER --- A static alternating
current (ac) device used to change voltage
by increasing or reducing it, it consists of
windings, with or without taps, with or
without magnetic core, used for
introducing mutual coupling by induction
between circuits.
STEP-UP TRANSFORMER --- A type
of transformer used for increasing voltage,
e.g. 110 v. to 220 v.
STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER --- A
type of transformer used to decreasing
voltage, e.g. 220 v. to 110 v.
TRANSFORMER VAULT --- A fire-
rated room containing a transformer and
auxiliary equipment or a large building,
usually located on grade of below ground
and ventilated directly to the outside air.
TRANSMISSION LOSS --- The drop in VOLTAGE DROP --- The drop in electric
voltage due to transmission of electricity in pressure in a circuit due to resistance of the
wires which is attributed to several factors conductor.
such as resistance and length of conductor
and temperature. WATERTIGHT --- Constructed so that
moisture will not enter the enclosure under
TRIPPING --- A term denoting specified test conditions.
interruption or disconnection of contact in
devices such as circuit breaker, ground WATT --- The unit of electrical power,
fault circuit interrupter and other similar equal to the product of 1 volt and 1 ampere
devices. in DC values; or in rms AC values.
WEATHERPROOF --- Constructed or
UNDERGROUND CABLE --- A cable
designed constructed and specified for use protected so that exposure to the weather
will not interfere with successful
below grade application.
operations.
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER
SUPPLY --- An emergency system
designed to provide power automatically
and instantaneously upon failure of the
normal power supply.
UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT ---
Equipment which utilizes electric energy
for mechanical, chemical, heating, lighting
or similar purposes outlet or switch plate
installation.
VOLT --- The unit of emf (Electromotive
Force); 1 volt produces a current of 1
ampere in a resistance of 1 ohm.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICITY
AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
ELECTRONS-NEGATIVELY CHARGE
PARTICLES
PROTONS-POSITIVELY CHARGE
PARTICLES
JEROME CARDAN-AN ITALIAN
MATHEMATICIAN DISTUINGUISHED
BETWEEN THE PROPERTIES OF
AMBER AND THOSE OF MAGNETIC
BLACK ROCK CALLED LOADSTONE.
SIR THOMAS BROWN-DEVISED THE
WORD ELECTRICITY.
CHARLES F. DU FAY-
EXPERIMINTED WITH THE
CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICITY IN
1785.
CHARLES A. COLUMBOS-
FORMULATED THE LAWS ON
ATTRACTION AND REPULSION
BETWEEN CHARGED BODY.
COUNT ALESSANDRO VOLTA-
BUILT THE FIRST BATTERY,CALLED
THE VOLTAIC PILE.
ANDRE MARIE AMPERE(1775-1836)-
LAID THE FOUNDATIONS FOR THE
SCIENCE OF ELECTRODYNAMICS
THROUGH HIS DEMONSTRATION
THAT ELECTRIC CURRENT
PRODUCE MAGNETIC FIELD, AND
SUBSEQUENT INVESTIGATION INTO
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THIS
TWO PHENOMENA.
CHARLES AUGUSTIN DE
COLUMBOS(1736-1806)-
DISCOVERED THE LAW OF FORCES
BETWEEN TWO BODIES.
THOMAS ALVA EDISON-THE MOST
PROLIFIC INVENTOR OF 19TH
CENTURY,DEVELOPED THE FIRST
COMMERCIALLY PRACTICAL
INCANDESCENT
LAMP(1879).PROPONENT OF DIRECT
CURRENT.
MICHAEL FARRADAY-
EXPERIMENTS MAGNETIC
FORCE,DISCOVERED CHLORIDES OF
CARBON AND SUCCEEDED IN
LIQUEFYING CHLORINE AND OTHER
GASES.
JOSEPH HENRY-AMERICAN
PHYSICIST AND SCIENTIST
ADMINISTRATOR KNOWN FOR HIS
DISCOVERY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION AND SELF INDUCTION
HEINRICH HERTZ-ONE OF THE
FIRST PEOPLE TO DEMONSTRATE
THE EXISTENCE OF ELECTRIC
WAVES.
GEORGE SIMON OHM-FOR WHOM
THE ELECTRICAL UNIT FOR
RESISTANCE. THE OHM, WAS
NAMED HE PROPOSED OHM’S LAW.
NIKOLA TESTA-DEVISED THE
ALTERNATING CURRENT SYSTEMS
THAT UNDERLIE THE MODERN
ELECTRICAL POWER INDUSTRY.
ALESSANDRO VOLTA-VOLTA WAS
THE INVENTOR OF THE VOLTAIC
PILE,THE WORLD FIRST BATTERY.
JAMES WATT-CONTRIBUTED IN
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEAM
ENGINE AS A PRACTICAL SOURCE
POWER.
KINDS OF ELECTRICITY;
DYNAMIC
ELECTRICITY(ELECTRODYNAMIC)-
ELECTRICITY THAT FLOWS
THROUGH A SUBSTANCE OR OVER
ITS SURFACE IN THE FORM OF
ELECTRIC CURRENT.
STATIC ELECTRICITY-
(ELECTROSTATIC) FORM OF
ELECTRICITY THAT APPEARS TO
REMAIN ON THE SURFACE OF A
BODY AS A CHANGE.
ELECTROSTATICS(BY FRICTION)-
WHWN CERTAIN MATERIALS ARE
RUBBED TOGETHER.
ELECTROMAGNETISM-RELATIVE
MOTION OF A CONDUCTOR WITH
RESPECT TO A MAGNETIC FIELD, A
PROCESS KNOWN AS A INDUCTION.
AC GENERATOR(ALTERNATOR)-
KVA
DC GENERATOR-KW
AC TO DC-RECTIFIER
DC TO AC-INVERTER
DIRECT CURRENT(DC)- FLOWS IN
ONE DIRECTION ONLY,FLOWS FROM
NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE.
CONTINUOUS DIRECT CURRENT-
REMAINS STEADY / UNIFORM.
PULSATING/FLUCTUATING
DIRECT CURRENT-IF THE
STRENGTH VARRIES AT DIFFERENT
DIRECTIONS.
ALTERNATING CURRENT-A
CURRENT THAT CHANGES IN BOTH
STRENGHT AND DIRECTION IN A
GIVEN TIME.
AMPERE-THE BASIC SI UNIT OF
ELECTRIC CURRENT,EQUIVALENT
TO A FLOW OF ONE COLUMB PER
SECOND/TO THE STEADY CURRENT
PRODUCED BY ONE VOLT APPLIED
ACROSS A RESISITANCE OF ONE
OHM.
COLOUMB-THE SI UNIT OF
ELECTRIC CHARGE EQUAL TO THE
QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY
TRANSFER ALONG THE
CONDUCTOR BY A CURRENT OF
ONE AMPER PER SECOND.
FARAD-THE SI UNIT OF
CAPACITANCE 1
MICROFARAD=1X106
HENRY-THE SI UNIT OF
INDUCTANCE MILLIHENRY IS 1X103
HERTZ-THE UNIT FOR FREQUENCY
1 HZ=1CPS
JOULE-UNIT OF ELECTRIC
ENERGY,ALSO CALLED WATT
SECOND
OHM-THE SI UNIT OF ELECTRICAL
RESISTANCE
TESLA-UNIT OF MAGNETIC FLUX
DENSITY AND MAGNETIC
INDUCTION
WATT- THE SI UNIT OF
POWER,EQUAL TO ONE JOULE PER
SECOND OT TO THE POWER
REPRESENTED BY A CURRENT OF
ONE AMPER FLOWING ACROSS
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE OF ONE
VOLT.
WEBER-UNIT OF MAGNITUDE FLUX.
ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE- THE
ENERGY PER UNIT CHARGE
AVAILABLE FOR CONVERSION
FROM A CHEMICAL,MECHANICAL,
OR OTHER FORM OF ENERGY INTO
ELECTRICAL ENERGY, OR VICE
VERSA.
VOLTAGE-THE POTENTIAL
DIFFERENCE OR
ELECTROMAGNETIVE FORCE
EXPRESSED IN VOLTS ANALOGOUS
TO PRESSURE IN WATER FLOW.
CURRENT- THE RATE OF FLOW OF
LECTRIC CHARGE IN CURCUIT PER
UNIT TIME, MEASURED IN
AMPERES.
RESISITANCE-THE OPPOSOTION OF
CONDUCTOR TO THE FLOW OF
CURRENT, CAUSING SOME OF THE
ELECTRIC ENERGY TI BE
TRANSFORMED INTO HEAT AND
USUALLY MEASURED IN OHMS.
POWER- THE PRODUCT OF
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE AND
CURRENT IN DERECT CURRENT
CIRCUIT.
IMPEDANCE- THE RESISTANCE IN
TRANSFORMER AND OTHER
DEVICES,COMBINATION OF
RESISTANCE AND REACTANCE.
CONDUCTANCE/ADMITTANCE-
THE RECIPROCAL OF IMPEDANCE
OR RESISTANCE.
RESISTIVITY- SPECIFIC
RESISTANCE.
INDUCTANCE- ABILITY OF THE
ELECTRIC CURRENT TO PRODUCE
INDUCTION WITHIN IT SELF.
INDUCTION- INFLUENCE EXERTED
BY MAGNET OR MAGNETIC FIELD
UPON CONDUCTORS.
CAPACITANCE-QUANTITATIVE
MEASURE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY
STORAGE CAPABILITY OF A
CAPACITOR,USUALLY MEASURED
IN FARADS OR MICROFARADS.
GEORGE SIMON OHM DISCOVERED
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
CURRENT,VOLTAGE AND
RESISTANCE(OHM’S LAW)
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT- AN ELECTRIC
PATH COMPOSED OF A CONDUCTOR
OR OF SEVERAL CONDUCTORS AND
CONDUCTING ELECTRIC DEVICES
JOINED THROUGH WHICH AN
ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOW WHEN
THE PATH IS COMPLETE AND AN
EMF IS APPLIED.
CLOSE(COMPLETE)CUIRCUIT-
WHEN ITS CONDUCTING ELEMENTS
ARE SO CONNECTED AS TO FORM A
CONTINUOUS PATH FROM THE
SOURCE OF THE CURRENT BACK TO
THE SAME POINT.
OPEN
(BROKEN/INCOMPLETE)CIRCUIT-
WHEN ITS CONDUCTING ELEMENTS
ARE DISCONNECTED IN SUCH
AMANNER AS TO PREVENT THE
FLOW OF ELECTRICITY.
SHORT CIRCUIT- A PATH OF LOW
RESISTANCE CONNECTION ACROSS
A VOLTAGE ,RESISTANCE IS ZERO
;TOO MUCH CURRENT.
TYPES OF CIRCUIT;
SERIES CIRCUIT- WHEN ALL PARTS
OF CIRCUIT ARE ELECTRICALLY
CONNECTED END-END.
PARALLEL CUIRCUIT- WHEN TWO
OR MORE ELECTRICAL DEVICES
ARE CONNECTED SO THAT EACH
ONE OFFERS A SEPARATE FOR THE
FLOW OF CURRENT BETWEEN TWO
POINTS.
SERIES-PARALLEL CIRCUIT- AN
ARRAGEMENT WHERE SEVERAL
DEVICES ARE CONNECTED IN A
SERIES GROUPS AND THESE
GROUPS ARE CONNECTED AIN
PARALLEL WITH EACH OTHER.
RESISTANCE- IS DIRECTLY
PROPORTIONAL TO THE CROSS
SECTIONAL AREA OF THE
CONDUCTOR,INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL TO THE CROSS
SECTIONAL AREA OF THE
CONDUCTOR AND THE FUCTION
THAT IS INDEPENDENT ON THE
MATERIALS OF WHICH THE
CONDUCTOR IS MADE.
CONDUCTORS AND INSULATOR
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR- ARE
SUBSTANCES THAT ALLOW THE
FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT.
BARE CONDUCTOR- A CONDUCTOR
HAVING NO COVERING
INSULATION.
COVERED CONDUCTOR- ENCASED
WITHIN A MATERIAL OF
COMP[OSITIO AND THICKNESS NOT
RECOGNIZED BY CODE.
INSULATED CONDUCTOR-
ENCASED WITHIN A MATERIAL OF
COMP[OSITIO AND THICKNESS
RECOGNIZED BY CODE.
INSULATOR- A MATERIAL OR
SUBSTANCE THAT DOES NOT
PERMIT ELECTRIC CURRENT TO
PASS OR FLOW EASILY.
INCHABOD CRANE- AN AMERICAN
INTRODUCE DRAWING OF WIRE AS
MANUFACTURING PROCESS BY
USING THE WATERWHEEL TO
PROVIDE MECHANICAL POWER.
WIRES- ARE THOSE ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTORS WHICH ARE 8MM2
(NO.8 AWG)
CABLES- ARE ELECTRICAL
CONDUCTOR LARGER THAN WIRES.
A SINGLE NUMBER 6 AWG TO 0000
AWG IS ALSO CALLED CABLE.
AWG- AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE
(EX.14 AWG MEANS AMERICAN
WIRE GAUGE NO 14).
STRANDED WIRE- CONSIST OG A
GROUP OF WIRES TWISTED TO
FORM METALIC STRING.
CORD- A TERM GIVRN TO AN
INSULATED WIRE THAT IS
FLEXIBLE.
BUS/BUSBAT- A RIGID ELECTRIC
CONDUCTOR,USUALLY METAL BAR
,HOLLOW TUBEOR ROD W/C FORMS
A CONNECTION BETWEEN
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.
CIRCULAR MIL(CM)- UNIT OF
CROSS SECTION IN THE AMERICAN
WIRE GAUGE(AWG).
SQUARE MIL(SM)- IT IS THE AREA
OF A SQUARE HAVING IT SIDE
EQUAL TO 1 MIL.
MATERIAL USE FOR CONDUCTOR
COPPER- PROPERTIES OF COPPER
DUCTILE,MALLEABLE AND AN
EXCELLENT CONDUCTOR OF HEAT
AND
ELECTRICITY.APPROXIMATELY 50%
OF ITS TOTAL OUTPUT ITS USE FOR
MANUFACTURING ELECTRICAL
APPARATUS AND CONDUCTORS.
ALUMINUM- TOUGH, FAIRLY HIGH
STRENGTH AND LIGHTWEIGHT.
TRADE NAMES:
RH- HEAT RESISTANT RUBBER
RW- MOISTURE RESISTANT RUBBER
RHW-HEAT AND MOISTURE
RESISITANT RUBBER
RUH- HEAT RESISTANT LATEX
RUBBER
RUW- MOISTURE RESISITANT
LATEX RUBBER
SA- SILICON ASBESTOS
T- THERMOPLASTIC
TW- MOISTURE RESISITANT
THERMOPLASTIC
THNN- HEAT RESISTANT
THERMOPLASTIC
THW- MOISTURE AND RESISTANT
THERMOPLASTIC
THWN-MOISTURE AND HEAT
RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC
MI- MINERAL INSULATION(METAL
SHEATED)
TA-THERMOPLASTIC AND
ASBESTOS
V- VARNISHED CAMBRIC
AVA- ASBESTOS AND VARNISHED
CAMBRIC
AVL- ASBESTOS AND VARNISHED
CAMBRIC
AVB- ASBESTOS AND VARNISHED
CAMBRIC
XHHN- HEAT AND MOISTURE
RESISTANT CROSS LINKED
POLYETHYLENE
TMW/MTW- MOISTURE,HEAT AND
OIL RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC
PFA- PERFLUOROALKOXY.