Prepared by PG Toppers & Subject SpecialistsTHE DREAM TEAM With decades of experience in their field they’re considered the best faculties and authors of their subject. All of them coming together is only a dream come true. PRE CLINICAL SUBJECTS » Dr Gobind RaiGarg __Dr. Vivek Jain__Dr. Rajesh Kaushal _Dr. Sparsh Gupta Pathology Pharmacology aA Dr. Vivek Nalgitkar Dr. J Magendran__Dr. Sonu Panwar Physiology Forensic Medicine Microbiology Biochemistry CLINICAL SUBJECTS Dr Deepak Marwah Dr. Pritesh Singh__Dr. Apury Mehra Dr. Prassan Vij Medicine Surgery Orthopedics Gynaecology & Obatetrics Dr. Meenakshi Bothra Sashwat Ray Dr. Sarvejeet Singh Pediatric ‘Ophthamology ENT Dr Manish Soni__Dr. Praveen Tripathi Dr. Khaleel Ahmed _Dr. Swati Singh Dermatology Psychiatry Radiology Anaesthesia— ANATOMY — * Cranial Nerves And Nuclei, esp. Optic nerve pathway- Most important for NIMHANS * Brachial Plexus: Branches and Palsies * Root Values And Dermatomes Of UL & LL * Arteries and branches: Subclavian artery, Axillary artery, Internal iliac * Nerve Supply Of Perineum, Ear, Eye * Relations of Lesser Sac, Parotid gland * Peritoneal anatomy Embryology: * Derivatives Of Dierent Germ Layers, particularly Neural Crest * Branchial Arch, CleG Derivatives * Spermato/Oogenesis, Mitosis, Meiosis Osteology: * Types Of Joints With Examples * Ossification Centers, particularly ones present at birth * Knee Joint Ligaments; learn with orthopedics (injuries) Neuroanatomy: * Cavernous Sinus Bounadries/Structures Passing Through It, Tributaries * Blood Supply * Brainstem Sections * Ventricle Boundaries Perineum: * Urethra (Study with Urethral trauma) * Rectum Anal Canal anatomy * Spermatic Cord contents * Reproductive System derivatives (with embryology) Histology: * List Of Epithelium Lining Of Various Regions Thorax: * Heart Arterial anatomy * Diaphragm with embryology * Bronchovascular Segments of lung * Lung hilum— BIOCHEMISTRY — Most important: Cycles Multiple revisions must be given; To be studied with pediatrics inborn errors of metabolism; understand the step of defect of various disorders with absent enzyme and resultant substrate accumulation resulting in disease Metabolism: * Glycolysis * Gluconeogenesis * Krebs cycle * Glycogen Synthesis * Glycogenolysis * Fatty acid synthesis and Oxidation * Cholesterol Metabolism * Purine and pyrimidine synthesis and metabolism Genetics: To be done with Pathology and genetic disorders of Pediatrics * Karyotyping += PCR and types, esp. RT-PCR + FISH * Microarray, CGH * Epigenetics * Flow cytometry Vitamins and essential fatty acids: Function, Deficiency Porphyria with Heme Synthesis: Very important for AIIMS Protein Structure, Collagen Structure DNA replication, transcription, translation Enzymes: Classification With Kinetics, Isozymes— PHYSIOLOGY — Nerve Muscle Physiology (Most Important): Muscle Spindle, Golgi tendon organs, Nerve Fibre Classification, Skeletal Muscle Contraction cycle, Na K Pump , Action Potential CNS: Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum With Its Connections, Brain Brodmann areas and their Functions, Kluver bucy Syndrome, Role Of Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Spinal cord: Ascending, Descending Fibers With Functions Sleep physiology: EEG: Normal Sleep, Disease Patterns, Sleep Stages ANS: Receptors Cardiovascular: Graphs and numericals*, Poiselle's Equation Numerical, Volume Of Distribution Numerical Pressure volume Curve, Cardiac Cycle, Reflexes Bainbridge, Baroreceptor, Herring Breur, Bezold Jarish, Cushing, Vasomotor Centre, Exercise Physiology, Stewart Hamilton Law, Bernauli's Law Respiratory Physiology: : 3 Reflex, Regulation Of Respiration Apneustic/Pre Botz Complex, Central/Peripheral Chemoreceptors, V/Q Ratio, Oxygen Dissociation Curve General physiology: Plasma Membrane , Lipid RaG GIT: Hormones and MOA Renal: GFR Calcualtion, Clearance, Counter-Current Mechanism, Renin Angiotensin system Endocrine: Pancreatic Hormones, Pituitary, Hormones, Calcium homeostasis, Epinephrine, Insulin— MICROBIOLOGY — Bacteriology: * Strep/Staph Classification * Staph Toxins * Legionella: Case scenario * Typhoid toxins * E.coli, Salmonella , Cholera, Pseudomonas : Lab tests, toxins * Clostridium: Toxins * Tuberculosis: Lab Ix most important * Rickettsia, Syphilis, Leprosy * Leptospira,Brucella: Case based Qs Parasitology: * Malaria: Image based Qs, stages * Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Nematodes/Trematodes Transmission And Host * Toxoplasmosis * Cysticercosis-Esp. NCC stages Virology: * Classification of viruses * Influenza: ShiG vs DriG * Hepatitis: Types, Hep B serology tests most important * HIV: Opportunistic, AIDS-deterministic infections, Mx * Herpes Group : Types and infections Mycology: * Classification Of Fungi * Dermatophytes * Endemic Mycoses * Cryptococcus * Madura Mycosis: Case based, Radiology Immunity (1o be done with Pathology): * Immunoglobins * Immunodeficiency Disorders— PATHOLOGY PART - t¥— Neoplasi ‘* Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes Very important * Cell Cycle Regulation * Steps of neoplasia Robbins * Paraneoplastic syndromes * Tumor marker Immunity: * Hypersensitivity reactions with examples * MHC * Amyloidosis * CD Markers * Vasculitis Autoantibodies Inflammation: * Factors, Cytokines, Chemokines * Leukocyte adhesion disorders * Wound Healing * Platelet & Coagulation Factors with Cascade, Platelet Function Defects Genetics: * Inheritance Patterns * Downs, Turners, Noonan, Klinefelter syndromes Manifestations * Anticipation * Trinucleotide repeat disorders, esp. Huntington, Fragile X * Genomic Imprinting * Isochromosomes— PATHOLOGY PART - 2— Hematology (To be done with medicine): * RBC - Classification and dierences, mutations, Megaloblastic Anemia, PNH, Thalassemia, Hemolytic Anaemia * WBC - Hodgkins’ vs Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, LCH, ALL, AML, CML, Myeloproliferative disorders -Prognostic factors, IHC markers, Mx Tumor & Immunohistochemical Markers List: * Ca Lung , Mesothelioma, RCC, Ca Thyroid, Ca Breast, Brain Tumors Cellular response to stress: * Metaplasia, Hyperplasia, Atrophy, Hypertrophy, Apoptosis, Reversible/Irreversible Cell Injury Markers, Granulomas Lab Basics: * Stains, Fixatives, Resolution & Pri ples Of Various Microscopes Renal path: * Glomerulonephritis H/P most important— PHARMACOLOGY — General pharmacology: * Clinical Trials * Graph of Enzyme Inducers and Inhibitors * Potency vs Ecacy * Bioavailability * Numericals on Vd, t1/2 Systemic Pharmacology: Focused approach to each category based on MOA, side eects ANS: * Beta Blockers: most important * Cholinergics, anticholinergic * Drugs Used In Glaucoma Anti Microbials: * General: Penicillin, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides * Antipseudomonal agents * Antimalarials * Ant tubercular drugs, Anti leprosy drugs + ART * Antifungals Anticancer Agents: Classification, Specific toxicities, Monoclonal antibodies CVS: Anti Anginal, Anti Arrhythmic, Antihypertensives, Statins Hematology: LmMwi, warfarin, Anti-Platelets Neuro: Anti Parkinsonian drugs , Anti Psychotics, Anti depressans, Lithium, Opiods, Anti Epileptics Endocrine: Oral hypoglycemics, Steroids GIT: PPIs most important Respiratory: Asthma drugs Enzyme Inducers, Inhibitors List Drugs CI In Pregnancy it Drugs CI In Renal Failure List— FORENSIC — ‘* most important; Multiple revisions needed Rape + Sexual Oenses Toxicology: * Cover with Psychi and medicine aspects * Intoxication symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, Smells, Common Names, Antidotes, Active Compound * Most important - Alcohol, Cannabis, Cocaine, LSD, Arsenic, Organophosphates, Cyanide, Lead, Datura, Barbiturate, Mercury Post Mortem Changes, Rigor Mortis Injuries: Most important Ballistics Identification: Age and sex determination: Ossification centres, Dental, finger- prints Legal aspects of medicine: Negligence, basics of court proceedings Bloodstain + Semen Tests Autopsy Techniques— OPHTHALMOLOGY — Retina: * Diabetic retinopathy stages, images, Mx * Retinal detachment * ROP staging * Retinitis pigmentosa Conjuctiva and cornea: * Trachoma Image, C/F, Elimination strategies * Conjunctivitis Dierence b/w etiologies * Corneal Ulcer - Fungal, Viral, Acanthamoeba Neuro ophthalmology: * Optic pathway and its lesions * Eye Deviation In Cranial Nerve Palsies * Horner Syndrome * Optic neuritis * Papilledema Procedures and surgeries: * Enucleation/Exenteration, Evisceration : Indications * Keratoplasty * Dark room procedures * Tonometry * Direct/Indirect Ophthalmoscopy * Macular Function Tests * Visual Field Defects + £0G Glaucoma: * Types * Management Of Glaucoma (To be done with Pharmacology) Tumors: * Retinoblastoma, Melanoma: Stages of RB, Mx Myopia, Hypermetropia Cataract: Causes, Mx— ENT PART 1— * Hearing Tests, Audiometry: Localisation of hearing loss * Anatomy of Middle Ear * Meniere's disease * Otosclerosis * Malignant Otitis Externa * CSOM: Types and Complications * Acoustic Neuroma * Glomus tumour Nose and Pharynx: + JNA: most important * Anatomy with blood supply * Epistaxis * Nasopharyngeal carcinoma— ENT PART 2— Tonsillectomy: Methods And Indications * FESS * Polyps Ethmoidal, antrochoanal * CSF Rhinorrhea Throat: * Vocal Cord Palsy * Laryngeal Carcinoma Staging with stage wise Mx * RRP * Tracheostomy: Procedure, indications * Lasers In ENT * Radiology of ENT: Identify Towne's view, Law's view, Water's view, Caldwell's viewPrograms Most important: Must revise all recent updates and newly launched programs Important: Mental Health Act, RNTCP, NPCB, ICDS, NVBDCP, JSSK Biostati: Numerical based questions**, Bias, sampling, confounding, confi- dence interval, SE, Parametric/non-parametric test Epidemiology: Odds ratio, Study design, Hardy weinberg law, secular trends and epidemics, screening, Health indices Biomedical waste Mx: Classification and treatment of classified waste Immunization: up, WM Herd Immunity Demographics: Indices-NMR, MMR, U5MR, Current values Nutrition: RDA, Iodine deificiency, Vit A deficiency prophylaxis programs Communicable Diseases: (To be covered with Micro and national programs): Vector-borne, TB, Leprosy, Measles, Trachoma, Tetanus, Polio— MEDICINE PART -1— * ECG most important: At least one question expected; Particulary important STEMI vs NSTEMI, Changes in Electrolyte Imbalances, Arrythmias- PSVT, AFIB, Atrial flutter, VFIB, - * RHD- MS, MR, AS, AR With Murmurs, Mx * Pericardial Diseases * MI: Particularly Management * Infective Endocarditis: Duke's criterai * Classification of shock : Approach based Q RESPIRATORY: ‘* Approach to PFT, DLco, Volume curves * Pneumoconiosis: Particulary asbestosis, HSP * Pulmonary embolism: Appraoch, Radiology * Sarcoidosis Diagnostic features * ARDS-Criteria, Ventilation basics NEPHROLOGY: * AKI: Criteria, biomarkers * CKD: Manifestations, Stages * Glomerulonephritis H/P most important * Renal Tubular Acidosis Dierences GASTRO: * Approach to Malabsorption + Inflammatory bowel disease: CD vs UC vs GI TB; extraintestinal manifestations * Viral/Alcoholic/Autoimmune Hepatitis: Critera, dierences * Acute Pancreatitis: Revised Atlanta classification, criteria, Mx— MEDICINE PART - 2— RHEUMAT: * Vasculitis: CHAPEL HILL Classification most important * SLE, Systemic Sclerosis, RA, Gout * Behcets Disease * Wilson's, Hemochromatosis ENDOCRINE: * Pituitary Adenoma,Sheehan syndrome, Lymphocytic hypophysitis, * Galactorrhea amenorrhea Syndrome * Disorders of Calcium Metabolism * MEN syndromes * Diabetes: Mx, MODY (to be done with pharmacology) NEUROLOGY: * LOCALISATION of pathology most important * Specific EEG changes * Stroke: Approach, Mx, Window * Epilepsy: Causes, Mx (to be done with pharmacology) * Dementia and movement disorders: Mx (to be done with pharmacology) ‘* Multiple sclerosis, ADEM * Myasthenia gravis FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE: Numericals, Mx * Metabolic Acidosis * Metabolic Alkalosis * Respiratory Acidosis * Respiratory Alkalosis * Hypercalcemia * Hyperkalemia— SURGERY PART - t— Surgical oncology: Must not miss TNM staging, Management, Prognostic fac- tors for important cancers: Breast, Thyroid, Gall Bladder, Esophagus, Stomach, Colorectal, Testes, Renal cell carcinoma, Lung cancer, Prostate Endocrine surgery: Solitary thyroid nodule approach, Thyroid malignancies, PTH adenoma, Pheochromocytoma Trauma: Approach type questions, Triage, Primary and Secondary survey, Blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma approach, Head trauma-EDH vs SDH, Neck trauma zones, Genitourinary, esp. urethral trauma approach, eFAST GI surgery: Esophageal motility disorders, Diverticula, peptic strictures, Gall Stone, Peptic Ulcer, IBD-Crohn's disease vs Ulcerative colitis, GI TB, Colonic polyps, Appendicitis, Cholecystitis, Surgically obstructive jaundice approach, Intestinal Obstruction Pediatric surgery: GCongenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, Malrotation, Intussusception, Hirschsprung Disease, CleG Lip and Palate, Congenital GU anomalies Vascular surgery: Peripheral arterial disease, Varicose veins, DVT, Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection Hernia Burns: Degrees, Management, Parkland formula— SURGERY PART - 2— Breast: Screening, BIRADS, Triple assessment, ANDI Transplant: Liver, Kidney: Types, Complications Bariatric Surgery: Types Skin cancers: Melanoma, BCC Mediastinal masses Postoperative Patient care Plastic Surgery: GraGs Surgical Instruments to know (For Professional Exams VIVA and Im- age based Qs) Forceps: Hemostatic (Kelly's), Kocher's, Allis, Babcock, Towel Clip, Maryland For- ceps, Toothed & Non Toothed Forceps, Needle Holder, Veres Needle Retractors: Deaver's, Morris, Langenback, Cat Paw, Jolly's Thyroid Retractor, Satinsky Vascular Clamp Others: Scalpel & Blades (Sizes used commonly), Mayo Scissors, Metzenbaum Scissors, Rampleys Swab Holding Forceps, Desjardin's Choledocholithotomy Forceps, Bakes Dilator, Doyen's Intestinal Clamp, Payer's Intestinal Crushing Clamp, Bone Cutter, Bone Nibbler, Rib Cutter, Periosteum Elevator, Bone Chisel, Gigli Saw, Vim Silverman Liver Biopsy Trocar & Needle— PEDIATRICS — Community Pediatrics: To be done with PSM * New programs, MCH programs * IMR, NMR, USMR: Current Values, MC Cause Developmental Milestones: musT REVISE MULTIPLE TIMES Neonatalogy: * Neonatal Reflexes * NRP Guidelines * RDS: Alll causes, dierenes + HIE + I0DM + NEC-Bell's Staging * Breast feeding * Jaundice: Causes, Physiological vs pathological,Mx Neurocuataneous Syndromes: © NFL, NF2 * Tuberous sclerosis * VAL * Sturge weber syndrome Congenital Heart Disease: * Murmurs * Diagnostic approach to CHD-Oligemia vs plethora Vaccination: uIP schedule, Details of each vaccine ( To be done with PSM) Systemic Peds: * Nephrotic Syndrome, IgA Nephropathy, Glomerulonephritis * Meningitis + PEM, Rickets, Scurvy * Dehydration: Mx * Epilepsy * Inborn errors of metabolism * Croup, Epiglottitis, LRTI— ORTHOPEDICS PART - 1 — IMAGING: * Periosteal Reaction* * Investigations for stress Fracture * Osteomyelitis and Bone Tumors INFECTIONS: * Osteomyelitis * Pyogenic arthritis * Actinomycosis TUBERCULOSIS: * Pott’s spine* * T.B. Knee & Hip BONE TUMORS: * Diagnosis especially benign tumors* * Management malignant tumors* * Bone Cyst SPORTS INJURY: * Cruciate ligaments and Meniscal injuries AMPUTATION: + Symes * Choparts * Lisfranc TRAUMATOLOGY: 1. COMPLICATION: * Compartment Syndrome * Crush Injury * Fat Embolism * Sudecks dystrophy ‘* Myositis Ossificans— ORTHOPEDICS PART - 2 — 2. UPPER LIMB: * Dislocations* Shoulder & Elbow * Fractures* Clavicle, Humerus, Supracondylar humerus, Lateral condyle humerus, Colles and Carpo metacarpal injuries 3. CERVICAL SPINE INJURIES 4. LOWER LIMB: * Dislocations* Hip & Knee * Fractures* of hip, femur shaG, Patella, Ti * Ankle Sprain ja and Calcaneum 5. Treatment: Nails, Screws & Wires AVASCULAR NECROSIS* AND OSTEOCHONDRITIS NEURO- MUSCULAR DISORDERS: * Polio * Disc prolapsed * Bursitis and other inflammatory disorders * Dupuytrens contracture METABOLIC DISORDERS: * Rickets and Osteomalacia* * Osteopetrosis* and Pagets* * Osteoporosis * and Hyperparathyrodism * Achondroplasia* * Osteogenesis imperfect ARTHRITIS: * Osteoarthritis* * R.A* and Ankylosin spondylitis* * Gout* and Pseudogout * Charcots Joints NERVE INJURIES: * Erb’s palsy * Ulnar*, Median and Radial Nerve * Entrapment sydrome - Carpal tunnel and Meralgia Paraesthetica— ORTHOPEDICS PART - 3 — PEDIATRICS ORTHOPEDICS: * DDH*, Perthes* and Slipped capital femoral epiphysis * CTEV* * Genu Varum— OBSTETRICS & GYNAE — Gynecology: Oncology (most important): Staging With Treatment Endometrium, cervix, ovary Menstrual Physiology: Normal phases, Abnormalities, especially Primary Amenorrhea PCOS: criteria, pathophysiology, Mx Contraception Infertility: approach based Qs STI: Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomonas, Candidiasis Mullerian Anomalies: Classification (recent update), MRKH, AIS, Obstetrics Physiological Changes In Pregnancy: One liners, quantitative values Systemic Conditions In Pregnancy: GoM, PIH,Rh isoimmunization, Anemia most important Interventions: Amniocentesis, Chorionic Villous Sampling GTN, Ectopic Pregnancy, Abortions Operative: Cc Sec/ Ventouse/ Forceps Stages Of Labour, Partogram, NST: Recent trend PPH: Management algorithm with drug dosages must Pelvis Types, Fetal Skull Diameters— DERMATOLOGY — Vesico Bullous Disorders: Most important: Compare Level of split, Tzanck, immunofluorescence, Histopath findings of dierent diseases Infections: Leprosy (Read with PSM program on leprosy eradication), Cutaneous TB, Dermatophytes, Scabies, STIs (read with OBG and PSM program) Neurocutaneous Disorders (read with Med, Peds, Radio) Papulosquamous Diseases: Psoriasis most important with treatment options Atopic Dermatitis Disorders Of Pigmentation: Mx of vitiligo most important Acne: Management Annular Lesions: Image based Qs Erythema Marginatum/ Migrans/ Multiforme Malignancies: melanoma, BCC, XP— PSYCHIATRY — Psychopharmacology (most important): Antidepressants, Antipsychotics, Anti anxiety, Mood stabilisers esp. Lithium Psychotherapy: Esp CBT, ECT Toxicology: Withdrawal and intoxication symptoms; Alcohol most important (To be done along with FMT toxicology and Critical care in medicine) Child Psychiatry: ADHD, Autism, ID Personality disorders Schizophrenia and mood disorders: Definitions DSM-V; Case scenari- os Diagnosis Sleep Disorders, Narcolepsy: To do along with Sleep Physiology Conversion Disorders: Definitions DSM-V Delirium vs dementia Defence Mechanisms Diagnostic Criteria Time Cut os (very important to be revised)— RADIOLOGY — IOC, Initial Investigations: For Various Conditions Basics of imaging modalities: Radiograph, CT, MRI and USG: Concepts and techniques, radiation involved Radiation eects, Units, Radiation protection, Xray interac- tion with matter, Xray tube Chest radiology : Approach to chest xray, cross-sectional anatomy CT, Emer- gencies GI radiology: Cross sectional anatomy, Emergencies Genitourinary radiology: Renal tumors, gynecological emergencies Neuroradiology: Approach to brain tumors, Spotters Skull Xray series, Head trauma, Spinal tumors; myelography, Stroke, Spine trauma MSK radiology: Bone tumors, Metabolic bone diseases, Arthritis Iodinated Contrast, Barium, USG contrast, MRI contrast Nuclear medicine and radiotherapy: Concepts, PET, important radionu- clides Signs Image based questions (Must see)— ANAESTHESIA — Anesthetic Agents: Pharmacology propeties, S/E, Special Instructions + I/V Agents: Ketamine, Propofol, Thiopentone * Inhalational Agents: Halothane, isoflurane, Sevoflurane, desflurane * Ms Relaxants: S.Ch, Artracurium Instrumentation: Machines and Cylinders, Pin Index, Airway Instruments, sizing BLS, ACLS guidelines (Most Important): Approach based Qs Time of dropping drugs before sxJoin the revolution in Medical education Paces A Video lectures by India’s best faculty echt Roce eur PIR ee tN arn ect aaNet me aa PTE Mtg competi Prt OTA UC Mees PER Ree eset Pum Manors Peles co a ee rool) ESC eR) eee Reo el Peer cell tenets nate [oes Petite Re Cotes www.prepladder.com Lol meee (Cla MutT Malem ea-lel Ce] eleos) Lele(i elit) Per eit Uy PCa et Te Cel nero rake ene RR ceil ede or call us at +1800-4194-522 Visit prepladder.com Buy Medical Books eee oa or ola Cite ON ARC a oon m Cera oie Colt) cy Col (FTF Pa Sires Fevtlel eee tre -to-ud Cee ue Porat Sartre Stay Updated PANS ay PETIA Ecc ely ae Paracel nat all medical books, delivered Download the app on