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    Separation 2008-2009 final

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    Separation 2008-2009 final

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    69 views18 pages

    KKKR3573 08-09

    Uploaded by

    磊奕
    Separation 2008-2009 final

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 18
    UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR SEMESTER I SESI AKADEMIK 2008-2009 IJAZAH SARJANAMUDA DENGAN KEPUJIAN, )VEMBER 2008 MASA :2 JAM 30 MINIT KODKURSUS : — KKKR3573 TAJUK PROSES PEMISAHAN ARAHAN : 1. Kertas ini mempunyai Bahagian A & B. 2. Jawab SEMUA soalan di Bahagian A dalam buku jawapan yang diedarkan. 3. Jawab TIGA soalan sahaja di Bahagian B dalam buku Jawapan yang diedarkan, 4, Kertas soalan tidak dibenarkan dibawa keluar daripada Dewan Peperiksaan. No. Pendaftaran : (Gengan perkataan) Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 10 muka surat bercetak, tidak termasuk muka surat ini, KKKR3573 PART A (25 MARKS) INSTRUCTION: Answer ALL questions 1. Component A and B have boiling point of 80.1 °C and 110.6 °C respectively. A mixture of A and B containing 50 mol% A is to be distilled continuously to produce an overhead of 95 % purity and bottom products with 90 % purity. 8) Identify the main product that goes to the distillate and bottom (1 mark) b) Sketch the equilibrium line for this situation. (Identify xp, xs and z¢ on this graph) (2 marks) 2. Common separation units widely used in chemical industries to remove impuritie dilute mixtures are absorption and stripping column, a) Discuss the difference between both columns (2 marks) b) Write the material balances for the columns (marks) ©) Derive the operating lines for both cases G marks) 3. Explain briefly five characteristics of an ideal solvent to be used in liqi extraction processes. (5 marks) KKKR3573 4. Figure Q4 shows a typical hydrocarbon separation in multicomponent distillation with the feed flow rate of each component is given. For the distillation process shown: ) State the light key (LK) and heavy key (HK) components. State the reason of your choice (2 marks) »b) Estimate the component distributions in distillate and bottom G marks) i 90°F Comp kmol/h cy 500 C800 C1000 nC, 600 nC; 200 nc 50 Figure Q4 KKKR3573 5. Figure Q5 shows the relationship between liquid holdup and gas velocity for a packed column, Describe the differences between “loading” and “flooding” as shown in the figure. (5 marks) 1 sete! a J Flooding tine“ sl «, Loading line, % oading line Nt J € 80: Js Ea e1o 180 = 1x10 S840 x x 3 ‘ \ £ 20: * 1 z 4 \ Air/water_| : 10; P=1bar + 2 3 Vf | ra20° J ; | 2pm =5mh 2.81 ~ po?L 11 tata Pi or 02 04 060810152 3 Figure QS KKKR3573 PART B (75 MARKS) INSTRUCTION: Answer THREE questions only 6. A distillation unit consists of a partial reboiler, a bubble cap column and a total condenser. The overall plate efficiency is 70%. The feed is a liquid mixture at its bubble point, consisting of 50 mol% component A in component B. The liquid is fed to the optimal plate, The column is to produce a distillate containing 95 mol% of A and a bottoms of 95 mol% B. The operating pressure is at 1 atm and the equilibrium data is shown in Table Q6. The molecular weights (MW) are MW, = 78.11 g mol! and MWs = 92.14 g mol", Design the distillation column by determining: a) Minimum reflux CP)nin (6 marks) b) Minimum number of stages (2 marks) ©) The number of actual plates needed by assuming a reflux ratio (L/D) of 50% more than minimum (8 marks) 4) The kilograms per hour of distillate and bottom, if the feed is 907.3 kg h"™ (6 marks) ©) If the reflux ratio was to be increased by 2 times the minimum (R = 2Rmin), explain briefly the effect to the number of stages G marks) ‘Table Q6: Equilibrium data for A-B system y 0.0 021 0.37 051 0.64 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.91 0.96 098 1.0 x 0.0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.95 1.0 KKKR3573 PART B (75 MARKS) INSTRUCTION: Answer THREE questions only 6A di condenser. The overall plate efficiency is 70%. The feed is a liquid mixture at its bubble lation unit consists of a partial reboiler, a bubble cap column and a total point, consisting of 50 mol% component A in component B. The liquid is fed to the optimal plate. The column is to produce a distillate containing 95 mol% of A and a bottoms of 95 mol% B, The operating pressure is at 1 atm and the equilibrium data is shown in Table Q6. The molecular weights (MW) are MW, MWp = 92.14 g mol". 78.11 g mol! and Design the distillation column by determining: a) Minimum reflux ratio (L/D)min (6 marks) b) Minimum number of stages (2 marks) ©) The number of actual plates needed by assuming a reflux ratio (L/D) of 50% more ‘than minimum (8 marks) 4) The kilograms per hour of distillate and bottom, if the feed is 907.3 kg h" (6 marks) ©) If the reflux ratio was to be increased by 2 times the minimum (R = 2Rqin), explain briefly the effect to the mumber of stages (G marks) Table Q6: Equilibrium data for A-B system y 0.0 0.21 037 051 064 0.72 0.79 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.98 1.0 x 0.0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.95 1.0 KKKR3573 7. Asa chemical engineer in a well known chemical plant, you are about to recover a component M of 6 mol diluted in 4.5 kg mol h'' of air stream from being purged to the atmosphere by using a countercurrent cascade absorption column. Water stream is fed to the system at 10.5 kg mol h". If 99 % of component M is about to be recovered in the process, determine: a) The flow rates of exiting gas and liquid streams (5 marks) ») The number of theoretical stages involve for this separation (10 marks) ©) The ratio of the actual absorbent rate to the minimum absorbent rate for the separation (10 marks) The equilibrium data of component M is given in Table Q7. The operation condition is assumed to be isothermal (20 °C) and isobaric (101.3 kPa). Table Q7: Equilibrium data at 20 °C of component M Mole fraction of M Partial pressure of Min Mole fraction of M in in liquid _ ‘vapor (kPa) vapor at P= 101.3 kPa 0 0 0 0.0208 1.5994 0.0158 0.0258 1.9990 0.0197 0.0309 2.4259 0.0239 0.0405 3.3189 0.0328 0.0503 4.2253 0.0416 0.0737 6.6645 0.0657 0.0960 9.2769 0.0915 0.1370 15.195 0.1500 0.1750 22.126 0.2180 0.2100 30.257 0.2980 0.2410 39.720 0.3920 0.2970 62.646 0.6180 KKKR3573 8. The following data shown in Table Q8 is for water-acetic acid-isopropyl ether system at 20°C and | atm. Each of the data points in the water phase and isopropyl ether phase can be used to draw the tie-lines. ‘Table Q8: Equilibrium data for water-acetic acid-isopropyl ether system at 20°C and | atm Waier layer (weight %) Tsopropyl ether layer (weight %) ‘Acetic Acid Water_~—‘Isopropyl__Acelic Acid Water__—_—‘Isopropyl oe ether poate __ ether 0.69 O81 12 018 05 99.3 141 97.1 13 037 07 98.9 2.89 95.5 16 0.79 08 98.4 6.42 97 19 1.93 10 97.1 13.30 844 23 4.82 19 933 25.50 71 34 11.40 39 847 36.70 38.9 44 21.60 69 ns 4430 45.1 106 31.10 108 58.1 46.40 37.1 16.5 36.20 15.1 48.7 ‘A countercurrent multistage liquid-liquid extractor will be used to separate acetic acid in ‘water using isopropyl ether as the solvent. The operation will be carried out at 20 °C and 1 atm. The feed consists of acetic acid (45 w1%) and water (55 wi%). The feed flowrate will be 2000 kg h”. The solvent will be pure Isopropyl ether at the flowrate of 3000 kg hi", It is desired to recover 90% of the acetic acid in the extract stream coming out of the extractor. a) Determine the compositions and flowrates of the extract and raffinate streams coming out of the extractor (10 marks) b) Determine the number of stages required to achieve the separation (10 marks) ©) What is the ratio of the existing solvent flowrate to the minimum solvent flowrate? (5 marks) KKKR3573 9. A distillation column is being used for a recovery of component D from multicomponent mixtures of 5 mol% A, 5 mol% B, 10 mol% of C and 80 mol% D. The K-values of the components are 5.1, 3.8, 3.4 and 0.15 respectively. For column pressure of 1654 kPa with bubble point liquid feed, the specifications are: (i) (Xpisie/XBouon) for component C is 75, Gi) (%cisae/Xsocom) for component D is 0.01. The column has a partial condenser and a partial reboiler. a) From the multicomponents mixtures, which component is the light key (LK) and heavy key (HK) G marks) b) Estimate the minimum number of stages at total reflux (8 marks) ) Estimate the minimum reflux ratio (8 marks) 4) Estimate the number of equilibrium stages at reflux ratio 1.5Rain (6 marks) Use the Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland (FUG) approach to solve question (b) and (4). Figure Q9 which shows comparison of rigorous calculations with Gilliland correlation is, attached in the Appendix. KKKR3573 10. You have been employed as a chemical engineer in a plant. Your first job is to do some design calculation for absorption with packed column. An existing packed column has the following properties shown in Table QUO. Table Q10 Column diameter 05m Height 3.5m Type of packing Pall rings Ka 0.44 kmol m? For this packed column, the following equation can be used to determine the column height. Ir = HocNog suas Nig = UAB? Aly — Rtn) oy — Keg) + AD (-DiA and Hog = Kas where ‘5= column cross-sectional area (m") | Hoc = Height equivalent to transfer unit (mm) L = adsorbent liquid flowrate (kmol hr") G = gas flowrate (kmol h') A= Absorption factor = LKG) [Nog = Number equivalent to transfer unit 1,= column hefght (m) “Y= entering solute mol fraction in gas stream = equilibrium constant 29 entering solute mol fraction in liquid stream K,a ~ mass transfer coefficient (kmol m? s” An air stream containing solute W will be absorbed using pure absorbent liquid Z. in this packed column, The feed stream contains 5 mol% of W at a flowrate of 1000 kmol h". It is intended to reduce W to less than 1 mol% in the outgoing air stream. a) Determine the minimum flowrate of the absorbent liquid, Lie (6 marks) ) Ifthe actual absorbent flowrate L = 2Lmin, determine whether this column can be used to reduce W from 5 mol% to less than I mol% (14 marks) ©) Under what circumstances would the packed column be preferred to trayed column? (5 marks) ‘The equilibrium data can be approximated as y = 2x. ‘SELAMAT MAJU JAYA’ Equations for staged column ‘Top operating line: L 0 Dep Saturated vapor feed: ¢=0 rated liquid feed: q=1 Mixed saturated vapor and liquid feed: O

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