NASHIK

CAMBRIDGE
SCHOOL

CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
EXTRACTION OF OIL
 BY: NIKHIL SHINDE
STD: XII
SEC: A

Certificate
This is to certify that NIKHIL SHINDE, student of
Class XII-A, NASHIK CAMBRIDGE SCHOOL has
completed the project

1. To extract essential oil present in Saunf

(aniseed).

During the academic year 2019-2020 towards

partial fulfillment of credit fot the Chemistry
practical evaluation of the CBSE 2019, and
submitted satisfactory report, as compiled in the
 following pages, under my supervision and
guidance.

(Ms. Ayesha)
Department of Chemistry
Nashik Cambridge School

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chemistry

teacher Ms. Ayesha Ma’am for her vital support, guidance
and encouragement , without which this project would not
have come forth. I would like to express my gratitude to the
staff of the Chemistry for their support during the making of
this project
 INDEX
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Index
4. Aim
5. Introduction
6. Aniseed Essential Oil
7. Uses of Aniseed Essential Oil
8. Requirements & Procedure
9. Observations
10. Experimental Setup
11. Project Pictures

INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant odours coming out from
flowers, spices and many trees. The essence or aromas of plants
are due to volatile oils present in them. These smelling volatile
oils present in plants are called essential oils. Cinnamon, cloves,
cumin, eucalyptus, garlic, jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood,
spearmint, thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar examples of
valuable essential oils. The term “essential oils” literally means
“oils derived from the essence” of plants.

Essential oils are mainly used for their pleasant odours and
flavors in perfumes and as flavoring agents in foods. Some are
used in medicine (e.g., camphor, wintergreen, eucalyptus) others
as insect repellants (e.g., citronella). Chemically essential oils are
composed of complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. They are essentially non-
polar compounds and are thus soluble in non-polar solvents such
as petroleum ether, benzene etc. Essential oils may occur in all
parts of the plant, but they are often concentrated in the seeds or
flowers. They are obtained from the plants by the process of
steam distillation and extraction. The technique of steam
distillation permits the separation of volatile components from
non-volatile materials without raising the temperature of the
distillation above 100° C.

Thus steam distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of

essential oils.

ANISEED OIL
Oil properties

The oil is of medium viscosity and will solidify at low temperatures

and it may need to be hand-warmed before use.

Origin

Aniseed originated from the Middle East and is now cultivated in

Europe, USA and North Africa. It is an annual herb, about 80 cm
(2 feet) high with delicate feathery leaves, tiny white flowers and
grayish-brown seeds.

Aniseed oil was revered by ancient civilizations, especially by the

Romans, Egyptians and Greeks. The Romans used it in a spicy
cake known as 'mustaceus', the Egyptians used it in bread, while
the Greeks used it for its calming influence on the digestive tract.

Aniseed is used in liqueurs and cordials, toothpastes and

mouthwashes. In India it is used as a breath sweetener and in
Turkey, a popular alcoholic drink called 'raki ' is made from the
seeds.

Extraction
The oil is extracted by steam distillation from the dried ripe fruit
and seeds.

Chemical composition
The essential oil includes the following chemical compounds; a-
anisaldehyde and acetoanisole. pinene, camphene, b-pinene,
linalool, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,

Precautions
Aniseed oil is a very potent and the anethole contained in it can
cause dermatitis in some individuals. It is best avoided in
problem skin conditions. In large doses it can also slow down the
circulation and can cause cerebral congestion.

It must be avoided during pregnancy.

Therapeutic properties
The therapeutic properties of aniseed oil are antiseptic,
antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant,
galactagogue, stomachic, insecticide, laxative and parasiticide.

Uses
Aniseed oil can be useful in the treatment of muscular aches and
pains, rheumatism, bronchitis, whooping, cough, colic, cramps,
flatulence, indigestion, catarrh and hangovers.

AIM

To extract essential oil present in Saunf (aniseed).

REQUIREMENTS

1. Steam generator (Copper Vessel)

2. Round bottom flask (500 ml)
3. Conical flask
4. Condenser, glass tubes
5. Iron stand
6.Sand bath,
7. Separatory funnel
8. tripod stands
9. Burners
10. Petroleum Ether
11. Saunf(Aniseed)

PROCEDURE
1. Set up the apparatus as shown in the picture of Experimental
Setup. The apparatus consists of a steam generator connected to
the round bottom flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is
connected to a water condenser through a glass outlet tube.
Condenser is further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
2. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator and start
heating to produce steam.
3. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of crushed saunf.
4. A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is passed
through the round bottom flask.
5. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom flask. As
more and more steam is passed, the steam volatile components
of saunf pass through the condenser along with steam. These
contents on condensation are collected in the receiver.
6. The contents in the round bottom flask may be heated by a
Bunsen burner to prevent excessive condensation of steam.
7. The process of steam distillation is continued for about half an
hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and extract with 20
ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times. Combine the petroleum
ether extracts in a 250 ml conical flask and dry it with the help of
anhydrous sodium sulphate.
9. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful distillation
in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind in the distillation
flask.
10. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note the colour,
odour and weight of the essential oil.

OBSERVATIONS
1. Weight of Saunf taken = 50g
2. Initial Weight of the bottle = 10g [x]
3. Weight of bottle + essential oil = 10.628g [y]
4. Weight of essential oil extracted = [y-x] = 0.628 g
5. Percentage of essential oil = (y/100)*100 = 0.628%
6. Colour of the oil = Colourless
7. Odour of the oil = Saunf like smell.