tce_ 9/95 2 onde 1361-1366 Poct 7-2 pil so SHEETS 22142. 100 sueeTs 22-144 200 SHEETS 22141 & Tite wae NATURE OF Son D-2 SOIL STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS “1 Introduction Af Souk Stectue- 12, Clachiiak Charge rf Clay Parbites 13 Onrcrrrans of Coverage 2. Clay- Water Forces Bl Odended Wale 22 Defluar Drake Laas 2.3 Double Layer Reprbsion 24 Other Clay -Wele Frew 2:5 Phipaco- Chimacel Yfcte Shims Epa 26 Stungth Jeneresn. an. Sola 1) Frschenal ntocatence 2) Cohtawe 3, Soe! Struchsce s Effacks of Mineralogy ancl Environmental Facts 3) Clay Fabre 22 Shutctone of Dif Clay Mensrele $ bnflutna Emrammintl Fact s 1) Martrenitlenate 2) Karlin 3) Ue Fig 2-1 heachest Det Lay hepratinn | Attrarbn ve "olf Spacing por Panatll Pahl, Lets te t A Rw ~~ ae & 4 u 8 20ee 95 | 1360-4366 Part B-2 pel T-2 SOL STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS 4 (INTRODUCTION dt Soot Structure. Y) Dehaihon Sou) Struchre = Interparhch Forces + Fabric Typra } relent Onttntrstem. § Listasbashon. “nagritede of porticlic 2) Inderparticle Forces: Wank to cleorribe Aans obtan abusstal) and Normal abiarts ae anamitted betutin ant porlete, Sut lath, Namal abios, + Fram -¢fectwe shass principle (LIN Set. 142) Effie roomal ates (o's F) 2 Pohl normal shoes (7) marua Pre wastes prusouue (Ue Ua) + Thai afftchie akira 46 hamaritled by farcia, ater bobetin the Aol pasdacte (hence wer provinealy tena." rbegranalas' shes) «bn gentral prvitrkiaine Orda, Hea Henerrcetim Geis at two a (rhea tute Compeninte dha Sestier 25) = net shed Nange (Crntut) Sher x Crtect Grin Aare Frat Ling ange oben cas to Anafes (Ail ag frase We wll are deter that shear ahere(t) ane Prmarily Camu by Cortact ahessee 3) Fabrics We welt aeitengetal betrycen Fabre at thy mauo-Ltet (ceun ohaere Waratly) ya, Hat at the muvio-Lewl 4) wage Sailatuchut Complely difinen and bekang, Bat Mélity Ondy Com vse 120. Busted laokser- toAelp Pct | dyplang: Cutmn dapits of ort i (e.g, Uhatt Comsen" gach clays")femme CCUG / 95: 7 | A361-1,3b6 Part 1-2 | ae A2 Electrical Nature of Clay Farhélas : 1) Elactrics! Charges Face @) The two facia of ath postaliens meting Edge Aichatebitean, that 4 rot Face area > edge art, Tuctreligd by mtalegn catin Guse y \ Shr hee. fay tani sn idk) [ers I Sie Maat; 4) the edges of clay partidis usccatly have a posites charg. at Las fo sradetate pA¥/ But icteceig pH hay charge thas fo a regedit charge. , ©) the NET chaige of Cay poste ti gee — ange ‘negater, Nemee oppluntar xs = am slechuiat fault Yo 0. Stuprton a) 1 they packs tit cause pattily — |) DS to mare to the Anode. Cathe Shape tf ey patil electrophoresis 2) Exchangeable Tons. Semin the Onl must he ehicduially neal + The-negetec facts attract Lachonseable. cotears (wid! ct mich) + Prachue td gue atlanot tychanpeable Omeans Cr cates Y negutuaty charged) Edge reer Cee nun oem @ 2 off even clagena F pit =-log, (H*eme) PHS 7>@celi, pH >7 = baw Orne: (hgh 7) (ewe Wt, igh on”): | oe cch 9/9 | 156(-7306 Pact H-2 | W% : 3) Surface Charge Density (G) Oy = Moh charges, Caher. Exchange Capacity , CEC Unk Ghee Specie: Seafuce. Orem 55a CEC m mellitgusnralinte > (VAN) « a5 C/y 1009 (Ay = 6.02 x10 melecube/mel j a 16x10" *coulomb) Frum Shing, Lo Puighy (1994, CGS, 3(s)] CEC SSA & Aya. Spaces (A) Clay Mineral (rneglicog) (mfg) (Elm?) | Between Charges _ 1 Kaclenite 5 is 9032 0) Be hhh as at a2 1 ons ' Na Mark. — 100 goo oe) as }\arY Gpure woth Pat I- Shut B 13 Overvin of Coverase D Clay -urnda poruw + Wade veppn. adanplee > hater d "adankd wade" (f< o1sh) + trbawcln. bebueen clay particle Hang age ( dnttelaye) foctn > Physrin-chemset afield Ses tage (cnt) fre } aoe © Shength Geacrstion a0 ce 2) Srl stoctun: flab of manmal Cmprroten ond Lrrcgnnsntl] } cee 995. | / 36-1560 Part £-2_| 2 CLAY -WATER FORCES 2,1 Adsorbecl_ Water N) Wafer Vapor Sorption a) SHent weth aven dasa nee Brak mtacwr ulate Crrtind (ws) RH(h)= 2 x10 A snap 7 7 Ps = Atturatern Teper prescune aw at Arame Vernptratorn, ‘Aabogphen (Bershast1955) Water Content) 7 Pe 1 Mineral RH Sol 90% 954 . ait ae Na Keok OB 20 as : Ne, Mont. at 2a 37. b) Adsnpten ra. RW (thom 1320) At RA = 50%,» WM) 2 (0,05)( SSA mY) te amt 2 4 AE RH 99% 5 HyOk= 10-1SH (3-5 metoeuler the ©). From theromedynannsia , Coe Compute tysseralint pursue of altace, (Henode prermue se-guued to Monee: Acantial water) le bepsptd 1 Herma of Capsihany prussie ie) xisaui Suche’ (3) Soul suctioin (5) > Bor BT tn (100) bay #omaly § 0.998 kg/m) a Rg + gas Combat (8.3/4 T/me-K! shar) = /3:50'n( 192) abate T* abies Neng. ( 2237 Hop Ibars tookFa WM = rvlecuter mare off Ayo hH(%) —_S(bar) _ slam) ee 56 936 8a . 90 me 140 } ‘tay shong Aiacder | 9 Bos 134De = Wezatoc charge (face) plua water, i | cee Le | 1361-4366 Part 2-2 | 7 pe 1% 2) Mechanisms of Water Vapor Adsonpton ( CCL 1322; Chp.b of Midd 493) 3) A bonding } Carbaly wok Coben Yaad Dt) 2) Cade hy drain ae Kt pees ©) Onardabarn § tO depute Wet! 13522 on dhetut Fuld (; fostered Ca? 9 d) am dn Weal: frrete myth abs (TR, 1993, p 122) 3) Physical Propertis of "Adsorbed Water" Layer : ( Dress applus ty fait 10-18 8 of wade. iadjiacint to ments ) Ainfpcin far clays bis Conbrct mith fue vader, be, wit Able Lag + Wh apa that the buch of this tate Leryn diffe form tak f Pdwiang wake.. Hrrtan, to Ackeels of thenghts WE le “eti Hike” onth q try high creieaaehy -9 genset df & Crh wthingth tek ta heeparaible fn cep Hffaty 2° lana dade 2-0 Legit emule Ys batt bearingy on a magrshiaenface (RT Man. fi). Leap dace bres oafoe dace rab tonbuate ty aking peas Bort: Layer, behets menuil to mennal Crdeite 2.2 Difase Double Layer (bt) ) Clay Parkcles mi Pure Water (+2 tpchangratle Cohen) Balk free) water — : 7 Expodidich (7°) tlabenahye = fre "Sten lag, to tcaint tn foi g Poca [Sh eb ee Q Casem Coes tater + Bslarce bebater Hetmat snnyy tf, Cahn and the Herbal ethaachen bebe the cateme andthe mipateri surfer charge’| A36/- 4506 Pact Z-2. L 2. Bulk (fae) weer. De (2 100 Mo thalrwes) #)5) * Double Layyn 6, ameme fr tedae char. Denclrrrnt of the coutte lay 1 the mest mp tent muckacsin. | lag wake altiacter at unde, Phucknescse 7 lo-isd 2) Effect of Pore Fluid Chemistry or Double Layer Thickness ) Thacknese decrresse, with: + bartacing Coron rrihine.(v) ¢ Mv + Iripemning abt Core, tm bth water (oo): & NTS + Decreasing dusbicfui. Conetrat (D) + & SO 2) Eetnnple akeubateanas (dee pte fir defrmiteni of Debye Ling) Ts 20°C fore Dielech: Cake Valve? — Dadbye Flat — Constant (D Bulk Cnet, — Lang th (ty, A) Wader 80 Nace 1o-* woe ” Jon? 96+ j xb a to? 30 Lae "po" 10 u ooo CaSu fo"? 48+ Gherked 20 Nah 107" 152 xb ho s nts Cae 2 Nad 307? 468 ” 10? £i Cts | pict tee | pre 3) Debye Larigh and Related Phenomena - [ from ZK. mytebell (1993 book) { Shang.ate, (1994, CGT 31(S1] 8) Cprarion fn Debye Length, Ly (merci fam Sten Layer) £, -f & D&T) Es permaitech f tres (8.556110 C/o) 7 (see) D> dichiwhuis Conatnd (ace betrw) & = Boblymann corateat (1.38 118" 1/%%) 29,¢2 v? | T= Nempuatoe (k's 2734 °C) Ne + Bath cabeer cere. ( humbes/m?) lh)» 0.020] DT” he ects charge (160410 %C) vy Co v= Cate valence rhnw Cy + Coben: Concentrate sine bath wader, ar mater/ tite (M> malar) ©) Thee Plage ergth tar Crmaninty wsssl axa mtesue ef the Dl. Hhuchnems Gnd ty the. distence betieun a parallel plate Crndinarr, asrerg He dome Aurfrer charge dtnacly (0) Ona Herbie potential (V= voll), Soo % to ©) bi D = @G > Finer CF) betocin tor tbeebue charger (9, G') suponaded bg & diate Be vaca Fs 22 dun © > pomiltindy = 610 Ed > toate th which ameticute cayebe polariged and Custrsled wan + Potan meticulea dike HO (Aagh D)> Leas freee atiatton Aehwin DL Catene § the rigaben, unface charge > teppanded DL Lst:l DUA Ream Temp) Water (20) Cy > Etby/ Alcohe! oa (C2 40)} : * vs, distance he Sag 4 stecactag Double Lavers = More: See pba for plot of 106 ¢: LCCl 9s alm | A 5¢I-566 Pat H-2 | 150 1 4 \ user ‘ | For Co? Mer \ = \ 2late) - 24h) Valence 100 ’ 900 “ 4 45 ” d xbspad 2 10 30 eo { 2 50 1 as foe 3 Vig Loe Pfr ata vade, (35 gpk salt a L/m} G 206M) ° 91% lo! pe 23 Double Layer Kepulsion (fo irforite parathl pautile) 1) Conrolee Yon parallel clay parsectes bw, peu water : Ppulinen bebutin. 2 particles i Conese —— by Fach that HO molieue, vat to mae a ere ctnle he crate Lange, winder te GSR he nf tab, 2) la eaclty analegous to donlipmint of an Osmahé Pressure (2) RB From ideal gaa daw ( PV > RyT) sy B= RyT( dtoncencenteter; Saher) Solt Watec! Pare Hd Ry= 8.314 Tat" — = 0.08205 Askin hn | mab % mumbrane For Tx 293°K + 20% | salem Salt Cre (Mm) = 1073 10? orf Pylate) = 002+ O2¢ 2% 2 I Vehuse of DL rupputaen (P) fam Goiy Chapman thing sath Canschen fr Storm Lagan Sas: figtt 2-1 tn. ddd platBaad 200 SHEETS cee) Lasse Auth be puernsie Aatir-2 pba th Sepplement on Double Layer Repulse Single Disble Layee laa conei,duiteince Nef Ca Mantrmerilonite From tatehell (1999) . 4,2 Debye thicknes o Fase ra tt) oe ran —— CX = 161k Ca en Asitb ie ‘ 3, 10" x bx10% eh Sx 10% wo" , Ms rade) bet Ametrait Cahors [ebecachiig Double Layer ( valeme Va\eo%; Gy buth cmcrshaton, Ms Melefd) B~ ®yT (Cor G@ ~ 200) Te 23 +E pas hk CM, melee { Rlbar) «243716 464-20) wt, D-tohio}]. Lb) 2431 cercu- 20) 10% D> 0 batho Gli) _V_ ath) Pel barnchn? y> 1° 200 a2 ‘ ] yes ag | ot D0 Ge hi 50 33 Mace get _ ws 12 Wis a2 ee 50 OB yt ape Las 38 $0 ae } Langa dn et ‘2: as abcce_Sfo5- 1361-4366 Fat L-2 | Ge 24 Other Clay- Water Forces 1) van der Waals Aitracton ( Shortt long rang) «) Fr panaslet - oA fit, - e 1 paral peutictin él a3 * fava)? aanyl A": Hamaker Constant % 2.5 x10*T (Neneh 4 Pig 1968) > Parts thule — Si Fig2+? fn plat fn $1008 (ellte) 8) Compastd to double Lary atpalatin fy clay. trade cxptone + Fring lon Salt emer, B.> 2 > porbele riput tashetke being olemmtrthe + Fratauedn, F< hy > flgcertesten : Geshe 2) Fdge-te- Face Electrical Altrackm ( shat to meclum ange) Shehh fr 2 Partelia rm wrk ith pt £7 Dt cepuboion AUlrsctem ae porta (oyp Racloits) + Add deapucant ( Aatye datas : SPP) to Clayo to ruschaliz, posehed Elechosteki, plusto change to fs : see eptonl + brnensury pHl > Less qpadcter: pelyp change (0. tate gees negate)» ptcluced attractor (nirn ripeles) 3) For Mineral te Winer! Contact Behveen Particles 4) Lach ae to prmang valine bendsig (covalnt 2 Linsi) 4) Brn Atprutasen shied: prevent! sabi penehrasherf malticfamine | a hs | | 1361-4366 Pat Z-2_ | ples. 2.5 Physia-Chemcal Effectwe Stress Equaten (Ladd 46) 1) Physteal Model + hook at hour ofpeters nama Sten ta hranernitled betwtm tae Prarticle pres unit Gta + Lrsume ntepartile Contacts Spocmy 2d & 204 Bomichet cnbsterg) + Ag= Cndact ane Arter = Comtech arta per unit deta, Unit Area —~ tll tie Si jee Cet (24s 20h) 2) Eguahm tor Components of Effects (normel) Stess T's T-% og’: = Re ae 1 Si ss Met Contret Stise + Mek Ling Rang, Shier F +aq + (R-A) = (F- Fe)ae + (R-A) Liable hago, (combi) aspulaen » € CR) Lang Aange Vom din Waite abtrnetins > £ (fe) = Confact Apubane tera (G) - trntect athachni sharosa( GE) = Alriitana dagte deiplacinmnt of adanked wate! + Ban npn (4 nt tl el > Ohad ange Wien dir Wastle atracten = F(R) + Lidge to- tha. elecheateke, ablaneties F Pronany Velinee herding ( if munnat ty mensal canted)7 ce 9/98 der 1361-1366 [ard I-2 _ £ _ Ye 16 e 26 Strength Generation in Sor'ls 261 Frichonal Resistance ) Tergaghe- | a Ton, Aelhesion themy ( duvclepeat for metals) Ut Aurfacse are Atugh at omarrescepte atthe, Thief get Contacts at Qopuifus {w Srl, Sunfoce = RC Conbomuriaked Lay (09, lubricates eit) : Zann of Elaake: Calman of Clock’ Difarmnatesrc (arta > Ae) | earthen ‘rate of Candamscabed Lays) Marmal fre >N = fhe & , whine F = yustet shine Shean free = T > Aer EF , when B= Shem olan te Pruunsy ze shat a eee Inoreoaing M> mrzaaing Be Ancieesig T ‘ tng 11» dnt dank ah > oletstaaeng T + Tata on Quarts by Brontat (1968) Uhaomerts sufeens » Gy = 10-35 * ad fone Seg Rejuter,Anigh sufi, bla = 2545" sped dna 2) Granuler Soils O's Fae , whee Fe 150000 ak Hypucad shun deve (Fr O's bat, A = 0.01%)fein nee | ca hs | 1361-1366 Pet In2. | pe 146 3) Cohaswe Soils 0) Dre, thre tmuicral to oninaral Cmdrcte am: clays at Yypuust ' diele ( Sey 0" 2 1m)? 1 Cadel (1961) beck coleelade Aehely rralase of Contest shem, Abrere» Eo lads oF tore: mast heat, prnary aalonce birding peer Contacte + Matchett (1993 bark), but based on Aataseh ane 1960's teseey Aete practow then > achivten taangy of Gerd Matervat Gecbeirabems Fotngy ( keal/ne) Cedoui 44,20 Them Woke 4-5 bee lo-lS Yetal}tmot 250 Sot Bors — Stanela, = ea both 8) Conctusen: Clays derclyp a ee eee Prerrery vodenee bonduns at Crnteche, Hower bt Gels te wede amatedon tm. Fae |r" aap (Stetem 3:2) 262 Coheswe Restitance (Tau Crkesm) © 1) Vang crbernaad imei difficult to memsue n torn difere 2). Mbrwreves ort Com deat poliqbat turers f fre cehesin a) Comintern due to Covlmnaticr, Fe )dt ovsdiy, Ammrghons cetiie, + Diffeiath to guantefy, hut Cestenily orem ir bull belene Cabcertene Aanoly, Calcanveve Chey Shalen, Champlain: bap, 2) Uhem phyouir-chanseet Te > G , to tht added Argued to beak Crtnale chasis hearuy ( Sugg lutgtame) ©) Actonted waka, 72 Fema shit pamate "i -Ashe" bebarin NOTE? Untendfunad shesy Starngth off Orenstrstse Memelited cle Chm be, Aigh. Cinit te dus ty Adanited wale ; rat he Comut og > FeOch 99s We + | h3e)-4366 Pact £-2 ___ fs W% 2 SOIL STRUCTURE: EFFECTS OF MINERALOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 31 Clay Fabric Yo oteentrein and. cas Prubrteon of particle; deasrigauat helio fidr. ot mano-teut } ructo- Ler. 1) Macro-hevel (Mbuaheled wa neces raphe tn clas) Radwegiaphy rtecnu changes sn nl clenaihy ond te Cdealy ‘auceled fr dalecdong feature auch tev: + Vewred depesch, = abtenarteg Leyes of “ait” (semmarceyporshin) Grn clay” (‘ola dipeacbers) ov frank value, placust dake depos + Dihabuhr fatty frtndy Ligue dew te ebenminny depot + Palle of fessensig (Gish. sat) © Irastner of ahulle, atmo, wh, NOTE Dan tycetlint fo dedewtony wrstiner of Demple cls toboras MIT K-aeips all tube Dompplie ota $0 Veobeng ca het pesky : op md Apacs 2) Micra - Level ©) Method of Mmeaswrrtt (I) Scanners elechen rneciorcape (SEM) mt peotus” (ctu to2tob, but mut © Keneg dilfacton > cretateter: of platy pavleli ©) pre Ary. dudtebaten foam Hy Uitrucear ( Uso musty) 8) Meat ateimantoey cokes. le ane compeacd of Hocts Pup d putetis hel atoh fogethar day (Atclenionderhin % Flee (100g matt de inter flee) Ae S A Lage Vote between. frees Hak Larvaniats coed. prererselay (hk)| _ | CCL 9. L 1361-1366 Fact E- | _ Pe she ©) Yate off aectomink snncrerierent om fabs off fleas (die cag) + Seclimntasen ae freak, wad (R>4) > "Dina" fade ~ matt flaca veh Aone past adil + Stdemtstatim sm Ata, wate (REA) " Flaceubeled" faui, - Largecftrcee wath Adee fect Binder 4) Yecla of Spphicarem of Abeer +O Comepreraion > qusfernael osndcten of platen th G, dncoler + Shana > beagle cnt pod unt Of Plater parelth to Cp Data. on heactinste fom xnaag diffraction (harden {Late 1975) Etled of unibat preparation 3 3 2 Bs yee Fe 4 os 20, . ‘gol = 0.01 oe a 40 100 (1000 He 1D Fe (ase) 2 lnabat fate Aaa a Large sffut on the pate ff fp evbele. hearsinchihen. arse ID Comprsenicsft cee es 1a; | .3bI- L366 Fact J-2 _ _ | 96 32 Structure of Differant Clay Minerals ond Influence of Envitonmental. Factors 3.2) Montmorillonite 1) Na Pee wate * Oveatappery Dt probit Contocle ark Atak. to Parallel plats crusetorten wT 7 + Ufa 1-D cmpunen: to 50 atro, tusoh Tee R-A eR (dle Fey FON) 70008 4 * Nemes cvtry Lew ohtan absegth (fe 54) cha te wiry hew Fe [0 rahe 2) fut of pw fluid chemsety ee + GP? cuchaoge cle caohine + fdemanna® O's Fade +(R-A) , manasad Bote + hegln o! (10-18%) Walt : , Irircaseng 2008 Corcnhaten haa a1 mules ef 2) Arnecdal ane genial + Maga rruninal on dnpanaine clays + Scretlirg potertal § 8 quatly affeted by fatdna that tnflaswa. ths. DL Aapubeenn (2), 28: ~ Caton diner : att Pabein Gord mberlarer Amelling aoe) ¥ Dram = parti oni ry aerinek penne Jays, (82104) Aeprrated by 2c € 94} Hae creme because Cat? ach Ge @ week glue that prrents further tepanater betryean Layer,| Cee gos. | L361 136 Lact 2-2 | : ma WG 322 Kaohoite Pada w. pear 0 (pi <7) * of Ph rag ating tdgeto fer dacbrestohec Miackon (Ga tuchangratle Calms Sancaris mijats ouny) 2) Qed O' cand by trtrut > Te (F- Ee) % 2) Pas fluit chemi hit abla, Ge slichrtehs attiols voy mipntent + ben, pt » roe + tage charge > matin FE (dase tehesis) + ange areas (TSPP) Can rautabyie + charger pro alleartens . Irorcnainy SALE come, Aeclucee tleebus: fuld Armall, B 4) Sngenaning propre "m 25730° 6 kD.conipugsim P27 E2435 of sta (Chsen 1%) Md TSPP > 2> OB” * 323 _Tilite 09 ae , nae Mam pine tho o'E.-E ua, # (8-8) Both Cormprints bprtent toh —— + Prrchen angle, -Bim, Zp 250), (Olson 979) je 3000 I Ma's 16°» 20° bf may. sabt Coresnhrabes Ca gin 25? bnilip.af Salt coe.CE te pe | A361-1366 Fact Z-2 | sfemeurne @ or w Iraheals Gn» aware, Jere Selb: | + ly 402, = 40h + 240% = 30h tap = 201, = 2of + Ip *2oh A 2 Te thO +20 > Hehensly toe 34(R) Expandad OL o's Fa HRA) aff = 1 #0 Reflect» sta une 2) preset. of Ha, Ube clay sn pro, ra. Att waco, anak” fot bach + Sb _ Fe fuck water (RA) tso S = Ata wnda (RA) te/ommd, barda, — O°¢k#t/M} Coro.) [=| |x) Frushs Despised” 2S Sea. "Floteutenh! ff : ae FS & Ss Piers fala secboe orteden \ Meine cy depo rn che (pk Bahai) Creratol viplf + Salk concintrater 9% yo da f todeachery | deffuaten » Quick ceAy (5, = lose \ 12 Lange itrange tm Comprersthilty + Undrnanid sham,» buahury of Conbreby try Live reareldad > flow woltiltz ( Easton Canadn, Moseng t Phaba on 2°41 Big?)mfern-ves a i | 3b 1306 Pat £2 __ : 4 ma 33 Summary 1) Phypeio-Chomual sffeolore hsos, egeuaten o'=(G-%)a + (R-Ad Conta Amant JT She postal wees dee a chang ohten, loo affatstnekl tebe 2) See pig 3) har gees pnt flat Chamiay fet Dk Aerts (R) Gq ebeteotyhe attrertie., and offelac SSA Mopepahd nc steht aha ni Atdunnsistadton, I, push ore Sea vata Mile dipeds Nave Ca om tHlatens 588 rf rrarhmertlinite + Change m prs fled ofl, dipraskon tla Can be ry wspatect = Atcluceedl abt cont. Tne Ltpencen Amectte - Ghowsard pH reduce Corbeau of Rorterite ~ Geachuiy of matin’ tldes thay 4 gusch elty + Aegrsficant deffosner in Frac) o'nats of Mr Kel ant hover = aluce of 7 thet G Kong m pee flute heminhy "BD pre flak Lurssaly > 0 Madey Lorsl ( top te), he. pimp pepibiy + Bettas séemple of Charge bop perp (Binet) ly 85600) but dade plod boy COL Broun Sarmea. Clay (Z,43) Ws 80, Ip> 205 CEC» 35 meg oy, 5547/20 mf Seonpplie netdid wrth, pre fluc of 0 0.8 Reautly conatak ary lof di lrg § DL Dislectr.Constant é ¢ @ to? 10 (cm/s)Ce gfe /46 | 1361-4366 Part D- Cd 3:3 Cooked 2) Yar Het oh omwiralegy ov. Conpersh and akength oh Coheowi ee : lark at two ri hemee 4) Kaolinite Lou SSA) tn wader wath ps7 Elechstal oe Abaphen VY o%(E-E)a Hoe ' Ci) Gta + Low Comprensihly . . Megh rach arngle ($2 2¢-30' 2S, Tpede + Evaluate Hfuct of pow fled om Fy 5) Me. Mentrmanilite (Vehigh $A) 1 nha. as, +o. Fig + (R-A) Vin Aragh, Comprsacbiy wysit ae pena — + Cralaate sfc’ of pola on R and tee SSA“g (146 07S 1961 ‘PED? HaYo ) MOM YIUYLY Pryoiog +f Burods 4oH x SA UOHIOIYY S/20M 2p UOA PUD vorsyndoy (24Yowsp) 2207 yGNOG Ie (ayo) % pub 4y 200, Log 01K S2 =, 4 Pun yoos= 8 'ssouyziyg "th rypsod 1 P242/7/05 (CY) YOPOHHY YOON > DON 1361-1366 Part Z-2 (20hoy args yin vowdoy>-kn0) AYWIT 24% Afra oe Pf 24h nfe = alae HOW 24 AL =x (9561) 40g Wary yy |yow =! druaj0A woy0a =A 9,022 « *GhOg 2 4] (9) P 'burs00s pop [ee