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Scribd /ˈskrɪbd/ is an American e-book and audiobook subscription service that includes one million
titles.[2][3][4][5] Scribd hosts 60 million documents on its open publishing platform.[6]

Founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam, and headquartered in San
Francisco, California, the company is backed by Khosla Ventures, Y Combinator, Charles River Ventures,
and Redpoint Ventures.[7] Scribd's e-book subscription service is available on Android and iOS
smartphones and tablets, as well as the Kindle Fire, Nook, and personal computers. Subscribers can
access unlimited books a month[8] from 1,000 publishers, including Bloomsbury, Harlequin,
HarperCollins, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Lonely Planet, Macmillan, Perseus Book Group, Simon &
Schuster, Wiley, and Workman.[9][10]

Scribd has 80 million users, and has been referred to as "the Netflix for books".[11][12][13]

Contents

1 History

1.1 Founding (2007–2013)

1.2 Subscription service (2013–present)

1.3 Audiobooks

1.4 Comics

2 Timeline

3 Financials

4 Technology

5 Reception

5.1 Accusations of copyright infringement

5.2 Controversies

5.3 BookID

6 Supported file formats

7 See also

8 References
9 External links

History

Founding (2007–2013)

Scribd began as a site to host and share documents.[12] While at Harvard, Trip Adler was inspired to
start Scribd after learning about the lengthy process required to publish academic papers.[14] His father,
a doctor at Stanford, was told it would take 18 months to have his medical research published.[14] Adler
wanted to create a simple way to publish and share written content online.[15] He co-founded Scribd
with Jared Friedman and attended the inaugural class of Y Combinator in the summer of 2006.[16]
There, Scribd received its initial $120,000 in seed funding and then launched in a San Francisco
apartment in March 2007.[6]

Scribd was called "the YouTube for documents", allowing anyone to self-publish on the site using its
document reader.[14] The document reader turns PDFs, Word documents, and PowerPoints into Web
documents that can be shared on any website that allows embeds.[17] In its first year, Scribd grew
rapidly to 23.5 million visitors as of November 2008.[18] It also ranked as one of the top 20 social media
sites according to Comscore.[18]

In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling writers to easily upload and sell digital copies of
their work online.[19] That same month, the site partnered with Simon & Schuster to sell e-books on
Scribd.[20] The deal made digital editions of 5,000 titles available for purchase on Scribd, including
books from bestselling authors like Stephen King, Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins Clark.[21]

In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for media companies including The New York
Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, The Huffington Post, TechCrunch, and MediaBistro.[17]
ProQuest began publishing dissertations and theses on Scribd in December 2009.[22] In August 2010,
many notable documents hosted on Scribd began to go viral, including the California Proposition 8
ruling, which received over 100,000 views in about 24 minutes, and HP's lawsuit against Mark Hurd's
move to Oracle.[23][24]

Subscription service (2013–present)

Screenshots of Scribd's subscription service

In October 2013, Scribd officially launched its unlimited subscription service for e-books.[11] This gave
users unlimited access to Scribd's library of digital books for a flat monthly fee.[11] The company also
announced a partnership with HarperCollins which made the entire backlist of HarperCollins' catalog
available on the subscription service.[25] According to Chantal Restivo-Alessi, chief digital officer at
HarperCollins, this marked the first time that the publisher has released such a large portion of its
catalog.[26] In March 2014, Scribd announced a deal with Lonely Planet, offering the travel publisher's
entire library on its subscription service.[27]

In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription offering with 10,000 titles from Simon &
Schuster.[28] These titles included works from authors such as: Ray Bradbury, Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Ernest Hemingway, Walter Isaacson, Stephen King, Chuck Klosterman, and David McCullough.[29]

Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription service in November 2014 and comic books in February
2015.[4][30]

In February 2016, it was announced that only titles from a rotating selection of the library would be
available for unlimited reading, and subscribers would have credits to read three books and one
audiobook per month from the entire library; unused credits roll over to the next month.[31]

Scribd's unlimited service launched on February 6, 2018, and includes access to an unlimited number of
books and audiobooks, alongside unlimited access to news, magazines, documents, and sheet
music,[32] for a monthly subscription fee of US$8.99.[33] However, under this unlimited service, Scribd
will "occasionally [...] limit the titles that [members are] able to access within a specific content library in
a 30-day period."[34] The previous credit system for books and audiobooks was removed.[32]

In October 2018, Scribd announced a joint subscription to Scribd and The New York Times for $12.99 per
month.

Audiobooks

In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription library.[35] Wired noted that this was
the first subscription service to offer unlimited access to audiobooks, and "it represents a much larger
shift in the way digital content is consumed over the net."[36] In April 2015, the company expanded its
audiobook catalog in a deal with Penguin Random House.[37] This added 9,000 audiobooks to its
platform including titles from authors like Lena Dunham, John Grisham, Gillian Flynn, and George R.R.
Martin.[38]

Comics

In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service.[39] The company added 10,000
comics and graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Archie, Boom! Studios, Dynamite, IDW, and
Valiant.[30] These included series such as Guardians of the Galaxy, Daredevil, X-O Manowar, and The
Avengers.[40][41] However, in December 2016, comics were eliminated from the service due to low
demand.

Timeline

In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers and smartphones.[42] In April 2010
Scribd launched a new feature called "Readcast",[43] which allows automatic sharing of documents on
Facebook and Twitter.[44] Also in April 2010, Scribd announced its integration of Facebook social plug-
ins at the Facebook f8 Developer Conference.[45]

Scribd rolled out a redesign on September 13, 2010 to become, according to TechCrunch, "the social
network for reading".[46]

In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscription service, allowing readers to pay a flat monthly
fee in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribd's book titles.[47]

Financials

The company was initially funded with US$120,000 from Y Combinator in 2006, and received over
US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The Kinsey Hills Group.[48][7] In December
2008, the company raised US$9 million in a second round of funding led by Charles River Ventures with
re-investment from Redpoint Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[49] David O. Sacks, former PayPal COO
and founder of Yammer and Geni, joined Scribd's board of direc