Etiology Red Spots

1. Allergens: medicine, food, dust, temperature, etc.

Factors found to activate the histamine release of basophils through increased IgE.
So patients who are hypersensitive to food and exposed to an antigen to produce
cytokines (histamine-releasing factor) interaction with the IgE will bind to the
surface of basophils and cause the release of histamine. Inflammatory process
occurs when the mediator histamine is released when the antigen enters the
specific areas of the skin. Locally, histamine that is released will cause
vasodilatation which induces the onset of redness and increased local capillary
permeability so that in a few minutes later will be swelling in the area bounded
clear.

2. Infections: viruses, bacteria, fungi, and microbes and other parasites

Red spots can be caused by infectious agents such as viruses. The virus enters the
body at first not recognized by our immune system, so this virus can escape and
live latently da spreads to the sensory nerve to the ganglion-ganglion (sacral). If
there is a trigger factor then this virus will produce cytokines that TNFα IL-1 and
IL-8 as pro inflammatory cytokines. Toxins this virus will stimulate the production
of TNFα daus that IL-1 causes adhesion and leukocyte to the endothelium and
secrete proteases and metabolites of arachidonic. This will activate the clotting
system so that the body to compensate by increasing the permeability
(vasodilation). But because the virus is replicating quickly and supported by
precipitating so that lesions caused too much is not matched by a factor pletelet
allowing blood to seep into the skin dermis and epidermis so create red spots.

3. Virus: HSV-1, HSV-2.

4. Mushrooms: Epidermophyton floccosum, Tinea rubrum, Tripcophyton
mentagrophyte.

5. Trauma
The occurrence of skin disorders in atopic dermatitis is also determined by the
presence of trauma to the skin. Mechanical trauma to keratinocytes cause the
release of cytokines that can induce inflammation through the release of IL-1, TNF-
a, and IL-4. The cytokines subsequently induce adhesion molecules (eg, ELAM-1,
ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), which causes lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils
into the skin inflammation.