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Elearning 101 Concept Trends Applications PDF
Elearning 101 Concept Trends Applications PDF
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Contents
Introduction ................................................................... 4
What is e-learning?......................................................... 5
2
Tools to create an online course ................................... 65
Gamification ................................................................. 73
Micro-learning .............................................................. 75
Customer training......................................................... 96
IT training................................................................... 101
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Introduction
While the term “e-learning” has been thrown around
quite a lot in recent years, many are still unaware of
what it actually means and how it can help them achieve
success in both their professional and personal lives.
This short e-book aims to provide an introductory level
overview of the e-learning field for those people.
4
What is e-learning?
When it comes to education, the model has been pretty
straight forward - up until the early ‘00s education was
in a classroom of students with a teacher who led the
process. Physical presence was a no-brainer, and any
other type of learning was questionable at best. Then the
computer evolution happened and it radically changed
the learning landscape.
5
if you are inside the classroom. E-learning offers the
ability to share material in all kinds of formats such as
videos, slideshows, word documents and PDFs.
Conducting webinars (live online classes) and
communicating with professors via chat and message
forums is also an option available to users.
6
in touch and discuss course related matters, whilst
providing for a sense of community.
7
The history of e-learning
The term “e-learning” has only been in existence since
1999, when the word was first utilized at a CBT systems
seminar. Other words also began to spring up in search
of an accurate description such as “online learning” and
“virtual learning”. However, the principles behind e-
learning have been well documented throughout
history, and there is even evidence which suggests that
early forms of e-learning existed as far back as the 19th
century.
An e-learning timeline
8
This form of symbolic writing was designed to improve
writing speed and was popular amongst secretaries,
journalists, and other individuals who did a great deal of
note taking or writing. Pitman, who was a qualified
teacher, was sent completed assignments by mail and he
would then send his students more work to be finished
using the same system.
9
Britain the Open University was keen to take advantage
of e-learning. Their system of education has always been
primarily focused on learning at a distance. In the past,
course materials were delivered by post and
correspondence with tutors was via mail. With the
internet the Open University began to offer a wider
range of interactive educational experiences as well as
faster correspondence with students via email etc.
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advancements also helped educational establishments
reduce the costs of distance learning, a saving that
would also be passed on to the students - helping bring
education to a wider audience.
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curricula, e-learning packs a punch when it comes to
benefits that make the creation and delivery processes
easier and hassle-free. Important benefits are outlined
below:
No Boundaries, No Restrictions
More Fun
Cost Effective
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This is directed to both learners and teachers, but there
is a good chance that whatever your role you had to pay
exorbitant amounts of money at some point to acquire
updated versions of textbooks for school or college.
While textbooks often become obsolete after a certain
period of time, the need to constantly acquire new
editions is not present in e-learning.
It Just Fits!
13
With e-learning:
Isolation
14
Though e-learning offers ease, flexibility and the ability
to remotely access a classroom in the student’s own
time, learners may feel a sense of isolation. This is
because learning online is a solo act for the most part,
which may give the learner the feeling that they are
acting completely alone. As technology progresses and
e-learning benefits from the advancements being made,
learners can now engage more actively with professors
or other students using tools such as video conferencing,
social media, and discussion forums amongst others.
15
Can we learn online?
One of the most longstanding debates in the field of
education has been whether or not we can benefit from
e-learning to actually learn. Do we, as human beings,
have the ability to soak up information in this fashion,
and can we truly learn new skills and expand our
knowledge by learning virtually? We realize the
reservations of people who will argue that computers
promote procrastination and offer distractions, however
we owe it to ourselves to dig a little deeper and see the
other side of the coin that pinpoints the unique
advantages of learning online.
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to learn by themselves, whilst others need someone to
guide them all along the way; some are extroverts and
feel comfortable talking in front of people, whilst others
are introverts and are afraid to communicate openly
inside the classroom. E-learning responds to those
different needs with the use of different tools and a
variety of materials. For example, e-learning commonly
offers audiovisual content or interactive testing on the
go that can be more attractive for younger learners than
traditional books. E-learning also lets people
communicate through email, forum or chat, allowing
even introverts to take part in related conversations.
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(note however that seeking information can be a
learning process in and of itself! – the word serendipity
describes exactly that, the accident of finding something
good or useful even when not specifically searching for
it).
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as valid credits, as if they had been completed at the
university of origin. The material is essentially the same,
the difference is the medium. Harvard for example,
takes the delivery of online courses very seriously,
delivering live classes which are recorded and delivered
online. Harvard has even launched a specially designed
section within its campus, employing videographers and
specialists to design and create the perfect content to be
delivered through its online platform.
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offered, but also the practices used to provide them with
this information. Here are just a few of the best
practices of online training which help to better
facilitate the e-learning process:
A supportive community
Clear expectations
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It’s important to incorporate activities that are more
interactive, as well as those that require the student to
brainstorm and research a topic in depth. Thanks to the
internet students can now attend virtual live courses as
well as complete coursework offline that can enable
them to delve into a specific subject or skill set.
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Learning vs. Training
It's important to understand the difference between
learning and training. Of course they are inextricably
linked, but they are unique aspects of any educational
process. Training is the giving of information and
knowledge, through speech, the written word or other
methods of demonstration in a manner that instructs
the trainee. Learning is the process of absorbing that
information in order to increase skills and abilities and
make use of it under a variety of contexts. Whatever the
goals, the quality of the learning will rely largely on the
quality of the training, and so the role of trainer is very
important as it can have a huge effect on the outcome of
a course for the learner.
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Let's look at the characteristics of each, and see what
makes an e-learning environment work.
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training, we are not looking to reshape the behavior of
an individual rather the point is to teach the employee
or learner how things are done so that they can then
carry out a process on their own.
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virtually any place with a computer or mobile device and
internet connection, meaning you can study from home,
on vacation or in your break. But e-learning is more
than about convenience and there are fundamental
differences between e-learning in the corporate sector
and in education.
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The main characteristics of corporate learning are:
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Return on investment: An enterprise needs to be
able to calculate the ROI of its learning investment. In
an educational context this ROI is difficult to calculate
and usually the effects of learning take years to show.
Convergence
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are currently seeing a convergence of academic and
corporate e-learning needs. For example, the academic
space is starting to gravitate towards incorporating
corporate methods in the classroom on how certain
topics are taught. And on the corporate side they’re
shifting the model of utilizing technologies in a way that
supports the traditional classroom of academics
especially with regards to blending technologies.
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The future of e-learning
E-learning is here to stay. As computer ownership grows
across the globe e-learning becomes increasingly viable
and accessible. Internet connection speeds are
increasing, and with that, opportunities for more
multimedia training methods arise. With the immense
improvement of mobile networks in the past few years
and the increase in telecommuting, taking all the
awesome features of e-learning on the road is a reality
with smartphones and other portable devices.
Technologies such as social media are also transforming
education constantly.
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it more effective and measurable. The result now being
that there are a number of tools that help create
interactive courses, standardize the learning process
and/or inject informal elements to otherwise formal
learning processes. Several e-learning trends give us a
view to how e-learning and learning tools will be shaped
in the future:
30
Gamification is the use of game thinking and game
mechanics in a non-game context to engage users and
solve problems.
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heading. And despite the ethical questions that may
arise, the benefits could be substantial at multiple levels
if used properly. Here's how it works: you pick a task
that requires high performance from your visual cortex
such as catching a ball. Then you go find someone who's
a pro at catching a ball, place them in an fMRI machine
and record what's going on in their brain whilst they
visualize catching a ball. Then you've got your ball-
catching program, and you're ready to learn. Next step:
put yourself into the fMRI machine, and rig it to induce
that pro ball-catching imagery that you recorded earlier
in your brain using neuro feedback. You don't even have
to be paying attention while this is going on. Your brain,
though, becomes familiar with that pattern - which is
essentially what learning is: the brain becoming familiar
with new patterns.
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LEARNING
PLATFORMS
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What is a LMS?
LMS stands for Learning Management System and it's a
global term for a computer system specifically
developed for managing online courses, distributing
course materials and allowing collaboration between
students and teachers. A LMS will allow you to manage
every aspect of a course, from the registration of
students to the storing of test results, as well as allowing
you to accept assignments digitally and keep in touch
with your students. In essence, the LMS is the backbone
of most e-learning activities.
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PostgreSQL, MySQL or SQL Server. There are many
LMSs out there, both commercial and open source.
Easy GUI
Customization
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Aside from the GUI an LMS will oftentimes offer several
different options for customization to tailor the system
to your needs. Language options, notification settings
and other important features can be changed to suit the
way you want your LMS to work for you. This is great
because one LMS can be used by many different types of
users, each with unique preferences.
Enrollment
Virtual Classroom
Social Networking
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An LMS may be able to integrate with social media so
you can share your content or news items via Twitter or
Facebook etc. at the click of a button.
Communication
Course pathways
Reports
Any good LMS will have a reporting system you can tap
into, generating reports that you can export into Excel,
and also offering you graphical representation of your
data for ease of understanding.
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Help with content creation
38
Types of learning
management systems
There are many LMSs available depending on your
needs and budget. There are even free systems such as
open source software that by definition are 'open' i.e. the
source code is freely available for you to use and to
adapt to your own needs. Many users of open source
software will make improvements or use add-ons for
their own needs, and then put it back out into the
community for others to use. Open source LMSs can
grow rapidly if they get enough interest and input.
While you may not get any official support for an open
source LMS, there will usually be a strong community
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base online with forums or email lists where you can ask
for and offer help.
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people with the relevant skills available who will be
willing to fix problems as soon as they occur.
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What is a content authoring
tool?
An e-learning authoring tool is a software package
which developers use to create and package e-learning
content deliverable to end users.
42
Many programs can be considered authoring tools,
including Flash, and PowerPoint. However, only a small
group of programs specifically include support for e-
learning content standards such as SCORM (Shareable
Content Object Reference Model) or AICC (CBT)
(Aviation Industry CBT Committee). Examples:
Articulate Storyline, Composica, Adobe Authorware
and Camtasia.
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technique that is right for a student greatly depends
upon their method of absorbing the information that is
being provided.
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What is asynchronous learning?
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different delivery formats regardless of their schedules
or preferred learning methods. This approach provides
students with access to immediate help if needed, while
still giving them the ability to learn at their own pace.
46
SCORM packaging is a document entitled the
“imsmanifest”. This file contains every piece of
information required by the LMS to import and launch
content without human intervention. This file contains
XML that describes the structure of a course both from a
learner’s perspective and from a physical file system
perspective. Questions such as: “Which document
should be launched?” and “What is the name of this
content?” are answered by this document.
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SCORM is a really powerful tool for anyone involved in
online training. Content can be created one time and
used in many different systems and situations without
modification. This plug-and-play functionality can be
powerful within an organization but even more so
across organizations. Content can be sold and delivered
to the user more quickly, more efficiently, and at a lower
price.
What is TinCan?
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The extra features provided by TinCan include
simplicity, extra security measures, the ability to run
courses outside the LMS, better support for offline and
mobile learning and (potentially) more detailed
reporting.
Technologies used in e-
learning
E-learning makes use of many technologies - some of
which have been developed specifically for it, whilst
others conveniently complemented the learning process,
for example computer games. Communication
technologies are also widely used in e-learning. Starting
with the use of email and instant messaging, message
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forums and social networks, we see a plethora of tools
that any internet user would use in any case.
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these days that make formatting your text or web pages
a breeze, removing a lot of the complexity. There are
also lots of online services available that you can use to
create interactive elements for your courses such as
quizzes and games.
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ONLINE COURSES
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Elements of Online Courses
When creating an online course, a number of criteria
must be met to ensure that students receive the benefits
they signed up for. Below is a list of important ones:
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instant messaging between peers, email and other tools
that ensure learner and professor are but a click away
from each other.
Aside from the ease and design of your LMS, the next
most important thing to keep a student satisfied is the
material. The role of the curriculum is to set the tone for
an organization to design a successful course and offer
both teachers and learners a set of guidelines. So while a
system must be well designed and efficient, the quality
of the content must be on par with the impression you
want the LMS to make in its entirety.
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Tested delivery methods
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Online tests and quizzes
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Let's first look at how they improve the experience of the
instructor.
Unique Tests
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actually thinking through the correct solution once
again. This feature is also useful to produce more variety
by using a large pool of questions from which testing
can be done, rather than recycling the same questions
over and over.
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In-depth analysis readily available
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Now, let’s see how tests and quizzes improve the
experience of the student:
Self-assessment tool
Further considerations
60
learning models. It is a good idea to use different types
of material, and varying types of tests and quizzes to
engage everyone in an online class.
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altogether different. An effective course takes a good
deal of time, hard work, and a commitment to high
quality content.
Here are some tips that can help you create a highly
effective e-learning course regardless of the material or
curriculum:
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student may be able to better absorb the information
when it is presented in text form. An effective e-learning
course always takes these various learning styles into
account when the lessons are being created.
Facilitate Contact
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rather than having to sort out technical issues that may
arise from poorly designed sites and systems.
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Tools to create an online
course
If you are considering creating an online course to
upload and sell online, the process may not be as
challenging as you might think. As a matter of fact,
thanks to advancements in modern technology,
designing a simple and straightforward e-learning
course can be relatively stress-free (as long as you
already have a clear concept of what content you'd like
to include and a solid core curriculum). Here are a few
online tools that can help you to create an e-learning
course.
The LMS
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because it offers a large array of embedded tools that
provide the administrator with the ability to create,
curate and enhance content in ways that are more cost-
effective than using individual tools would be. Also, the
benefits of using a LMS include the all-in-one element
which enables the user to create the platform (website)
and the content all in the same space without needing
special network administration or website management
skills. Another attractive feature is the ability of the
system to automatically calculate exam results and
generate reports which help both instructor and learner.
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learning website design services if you simply don't have
the time or know-how to create your own.
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E-LEARNING
TRENDS
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Blended learning
Blended learning is a combination of offline (face-to-
face, traditional learning) and online learning in a way
that the one compliments the other. It provides
individuals with the opportunity to enjoy the best of
both worlds. For example, a student might attend
classes in a real-world classroom setting, and then
supplement the lesson plan by completing online
multimedia coursework. As such, the student would
only have to physically attend class once a week and
would be free to go at their own pace (and without
worrying about scheduling issues).
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only use blended learning techniques on rare occasions,
others might utilize it as a primary teaching method
within their curriculum. There are two key principles
commonly associated with blended learning (which are
the “secrets” to its success): students who can share
information and work with other students directly in a
collaborative setting have a more enriched learning
experience, and collaboration between students can be
improved upon if group activities rely on information
gathered from online resources or lessons. It's also been
suggested that students who complete online
coursework followed by interactive, face-to-face class
activities have richer educational experiences.
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Social and collaborative
learning
Collaborative learning is an e-learning approach where
students are able to socially interact with other students,
as well as instructors. In essence, learners work together
in order to expand their knowledge of a particular
subject or skill. In e-learning environments, this is
typically done through live chats, message boards, or
instant messaging.
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What are the advantages of collaborative
learning online?
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Gamification
Gamification is the use of game-based mechanics,
aesthetics and game thinking to engage people, motivate
action, promote learning and solve problems. Basically
it’s the use of gaming technology to solve problems
outside of the games sector. Games are created to draw
people in, to keep them playing, to keep them
interested, entertained and involved. And it’s much
more than just adding rewards, points, and badges to
processes to motivate people – it’s the instructional
method, and not just the delivery system, that provides
the elements for learning in a game situation i.e. we
must ask what pieces in games makes them engaging
such as interactivity, content, story.
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Impact of gamification
Enterprise gamification
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Tech-industry research firm Gartner estimates that by
2014, “some 70% of large companies will use the
techniques for at least one business process. Market
researcher M2 Research estimates revenue from
gamification software, consulting and marketing will
reach $938 million by 2014 from less than $100 million
in 2013.”
Micro-learning
A term that is being mentioned quite often as of late,
especially in corporate e-learning environments, is
“micro-learning”. This teaching approach can provide a
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wide range of benefits to learners as well as trainers.
This is primarily due to the fact that it can provide
educational benefits without overwhelming the learner.
It is quickly becoming one of the most popular emerging
e-learning trends.
What is micro-learning?
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As a matter of fact, we encounter micro-learning on a
daily basis. Even reading a bulletin that has been posted
at work about on-the-job safety or going through tweets
in your timeline to catch up on the latest news can be
considered micro-learning activities.
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Video learning
Faster internet connections and the increasing use of
mobile phones and tablets with video capabilities means
that using video in the e-learning process has become
commonplace.
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building a PC or conducting a chemistry experiment,
these aspects of the course will most definitely benefit
from being seen rather than simply explained in text
and static images.
Rapid e-learning
While rapid e-learning can pertain to a number of
things, it is generally used to describe the pace at which
an e-learning course is developed. Here are the basics of
rapid e-learning, as well as an explanation as to how it
can be applied to the learning process as well:
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Rapid e-learning in the course development
process
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today it can also be used to describe a method of
learning. For example, if a course can be completed in a
shorter amount of time than is typical for that particular
subject, then it may be considered a “rapid e-learning
course”. The term micro-learning is sometimes used
interchangeably with rapid e-learning.
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Personalization and e-
learning
Personalized Learning is the tailoring of pedagogy,
curriculum and learning environments to meet the
needs and learning styles of individual learners.
Personalization is broader than just individualization or
differentiation in that it affords the learner a degree of
choice about what is learned, when it is learned and how
it is learned.
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personalize the learning process. Ideally, the student is
placed in charge of managing his/her own learning and
is able to customize the experience by having a direct
say in the processes and content that is being provided.
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mostly handled through an Artificial Intelligence (AI)
subsystem.
Continuous learning
On a personal level, continuous learning is about the
constant expansion of skills and skill-sets through
learning and increasing knowledge. As life changes the
need to adapt both professionally and personally is as
real as the changes themselves.
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On a personal level, the introduction of computers made
us rethink how we communicate with people and
allowed us to keep in touch with people across the globe
with just the click of a button.
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and easily adaptable to any changes that may be
required.
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media and work-related material exposes us to learning
new things. For example: a Wall Street trader or anyone
working in finance has to keep up to date with new
trends, movements in the market and changes in the
environment that may affect his portfolio. A way to keep
"learning" without using a separate learning platform is
to be exposed to the social web with its constant stream
of news and trends. Our trader for example may like to
take part in Finance and Markets groups on LinkedIn in
order to stay up to date with the latest information and
be informed by his peers on what to pay attention to.
This may contribute to Constant Learning.
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APPLICATIONS
OF ONLINE
TRAINING
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Customer service training
Customer service training is in fact the blueprint for a
company’s entire support process. A solid training
program ensures that a team operates to consistently
deliver good service to customers, with or without a
game plan. Whilst a variety of elements go into creating
a successful business, customer service is center-stage
and every interaction the company has with a customer
can affect its bottom line. In today's competitive
marketplace, companies are perpetually searching for
business practices that will set them apart and often
customer service is what separates companies that
thrive from those that fail. Offering customer service
training to employees has been shown to drive sales and
give businesses a strong competitive advantage. This is
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why it is imperative that businesses invest in quality
programs.
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is thereby increased and they are better equipped
to deal effectively with customers.
b) Improved customer service skills: through
customer service training, employees improve
their knowledge, skills, and competencies and/or
acquire new ones. Specific customer service
training programs focus on improving
communication (such as questioning to
understand the customer’s need or problem,
listening, confirming understanding, responding
with value, using positive language), problem-
solving and organizational skills. Training
employees on the same set of competencies gives
them a standard process to deal with customers -
which in the end gives customers a more
consistent and professional experience. Through
effective training, customer service
representatives increase their ability to resolve
issues and decrease the number of return calls.
Often, trained employees are able to address the
concern at the first point of contact, which greatly
increases customer satisfaction (see benefit (c)
below). The increased motivation and engagement
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coupled with the new skills creates improved
customer service in the company.
c) Increased customer satisfaction: the
improved manner in which employees interact
with customers leads to consumers feeling
appreciated and respected. This is critical to any
company’s continued success. According to
Wikipedia, employees who are properly trained
and who demonstrate professional customer
service skills can and do improve customer
satisfaction and customer loyalty. This, in turn,
helps the business retain customers and improve
profits as it costs less to retain a customer than to
acquire a new one.
d) Increased profit: increased customer
satisfaction means pleased customers who are
more open to additional sales messages and more
likely to refer others as potential customers.
Basically, what quality customer service training
achieves is higher customer retention, the
acquisition of new customers, reduced employee
turnover and increased sales. Training has a great
impact on employee motivation and morale,
leading to increased productivity. It’s a simple
92
equation: improved customer service + increased
customer satisfaction + increased customer loyalty
= an increase in profit.
Sales training
Effective sales training develops the individual’s skills
and builds on existing abilities to ultimately improve
business performance through increased productivity
and profitability. Good sales training courses can lead to
an increase in activity levels, sales volumes and order
size. There are also additional benefits to training such
as improved sales force retention (since recruitment is
costly), improved employee motivation and
engagement, and a greater receptiveness to change.
Online sales training also presents a very low risk
investment - you only require a 0.5% improvement in
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performance in order to profit from sales training and
anything above that is additional profit.
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b) Interactivity: questions can be asked and
answered in real time. With online sales training
programs anyone can be trained at any location, in
most any language.
c) Instant access: training programs are available
to learners all day, every day, throughout the year.
Employees can log in and start learning whenever
they have the time and from wherever they are
located!
d) Customization of training process: online
sales training programs allow for material to be
created and added to customize training for the
individual, particular company branches, localities
and/or specific requirements etc.
e) Flexibility: online sales training programs
should be accessible from a variety of devices
wherever and whenever employees want to learn
on the go. They should be able to log in and learn
any time.
f) Accountability: the most effective online
training programs have comprehensive tracking
and reporting tools, allowing management to see
how their employees are progressing at a glance.
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General statistics can also be viewed and broken
down.
Customer training
You can reduce support costs, acquire new customers
and build loyalty in existing customers by offering them
training online!
96
and customers expect companies to provide them with
modern support and training in the cloud, they can then
do in their own time, at their own pace, and on the go!
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Safety training
The main benefit of online training when it comes to
safety and compliance is that employees can be reached
everywhere, all over the world, at any time. One cannot
take shortcuts when it comes to safety training and
federal mandates, and face-to-face training just won’t
cut it when you have employees scattered all over the
country, or world for that matter. Safety and compliance
training needs to be quickly updated and disseminated
to employees quickly and easily - with the minimum of
fuss. Online training is the only way a large number or
employees in different locations can be reached at once
without costing a fortune.
98
The subjects covered in safety training programs online
varies greatly, depending upon the company and
industry. For example, a moving company might want
to inform their employees about proper lifting
procedures to avoid back injuries, while a medical
facility may opt for a blood borne pathogen safety
training course.
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and understand whether requirements have been met to
protect employees and ensure workplace safety. Safety
training also gives employees the confidence they need
to work without fear of safety, and boosts efficiency and
productivity.
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e) Risk management: training contributes to the
process of identifying, understanding and
eliminating risks within the workplace.
IT training
The Information Technology (IT) industry moves at a
fast pace characterized by continual innovation, this
leads to a need for ongoing training. IT is a necessary
part of operations for businesses and organizations
alike, and introduces the latest industry standard
practices and emerging trends and technologies.
Employees with outdated IT skills are of little value to
any business and this makes IT training is one of the
most popular online courses being offered today. With
online training employees can be kept on the cutting
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edge – an absolute necessity for any business’s survival
in today’s marketplace.
102
Online IT training offers benefits to both employees and
employers alike:
103
Product training
When a company has a new product, despite it being an
exciting time, there is the issue of training employees on
its features which may be problematic due to the time
and cost involved, especially in face-to-face training.
Employee productivity drops when employees are
spending many hours sitting in training rooms during
work hours – and when the benefits of that training are
not trackable it hardly seems worth the effort. Online
training solves all of these problems by being available
to the employee in his/ her own free time, and saving
the company the costs of bringing in a trainer, renting
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spaces for training, travel expenses involved and lost
productivity.
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not including the cost impact of customer productivity
losses and downtime.”
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Healthcare training
Continuous medical training is deemed compulsory for
all healthcare professionals, to ensure knowledge, skills
and competencies are not only maintained but also
regularly updated and upgraded. Training is important
for most professions but especially in healthcare it can
mean the difference between life and death.
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hard to find a convenient time to take them out of their
work environment for training purposes.
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a) Cost: Training is decreased as a company
expense.
b) Speed: Customers can begin to use products
faster without waiting for a training
representative.
c) Feedback: Customers can provide feedback on
training immediately.
d) Compliance & tracking: For risk management
and audit purposes, organizations can maintain
records of everyone who has completed training.
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