GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

A SEMINAR REPORT ON

“ Study of Ladder chassis frame ”

In partial fulfillment of award of diploma in automobile engineering .

Submitted by

Mr. Kamran Sharif Shaikh

Guide

Prof. D. D. Giripunje Sir.

Department of Automobile Engineering

Government polytechnic, Aurangabad

(An Autonomous Institute of Maharashtra )

(September 2019)

1
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC AURANGABAD

(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

A Seminar Report titled “Study of Ladder Chassis Frame” is my

bonafide work which I completed within four walls of the institute for
partial fulfillment of diploma programme in automobile engineering
during academic year 2019-20. I hereby undertake that no any part of
this work submitted anywhere for award of any degree, diploma or
certificate.

Date:-

Prof. D.D. Giripunje Sir Prof. A.W. Nemade Sir

(SEMINAR GUIDE) (H.O.D. A.E)

Prof. F.A. Khan Sir

(PRINCIPLE)

2
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

AKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express a deep sense of gratitude and profusely thanks to

my seminar guide Prof. D. D. Giripunje. Under this able guidance it
would have possible to complete the seminar in this manner.
Moreover I also thankful to Prof. F. A. Khan, Principle of our institute
for extending all sorts of infra-structure facilities of institute in general
and department in particular without which this would not have been to
its present status.
I am thankful to all the facility members and support staff that has
directly or indirectly helped me in completing the seminar.
Finally, I once again extend thanks to all whoever has contributed in this
work.

Name: - Kamran Shaikh

Enrollment No: - 179028

3
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Undertaking

A seminar report titled “Study of Ladder Chassis Frame” is my bonafide

work which have completed within four walls of institute for partial
fulfillment of diploma programme in automobile engineering during
academic year 2019-20. I hereby undertake that no any part of this work
is submitted anywhere for award of any degree, diploma or certificate. I
have ensured that phaglarism aspect is not violated in preparation of this
seminar report.

Kamran Shaikh (179028)

3rd Year Diploma in Auto Engg.

4
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Contents
First Page
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Undertaking
Index
List of figures

1. What is Chassis Frame

2. Types of Chassis
3. What is Ladder Chassis Frame
4. History
5. Construction & Components
6. Function
7. Need of Ladder Chassis Frame/Chassis Frame
8. Advantages & Disadvantages
9. Applicationss

5
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

LIST OF FIGURES

Sr. no Name of figure Page No

1. Ladder Chassis Frame 9
2. Ladder Type Chassis Frame Layout 10
3. Hydraulic Disc Brake 11
4. Master Cylinder 13
5. Wheel Cylinder 15

6
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

A vehicle frame, also known as its chassis, is the main supporting

structure of a motor vehicle, to which all other components are attached,
comparable to the skeleton of an organism.

Types of Chassis Frame

1. Ladder
2. Backbone
3. Monocoque
4. Space/Tubular
5. Combination

Ladder Chassis Frame

Ladder Chassis or Body on Frame are the terms used when the body of
a vehicle is mounted to a separate frame or chassis. This frame is
similar to a ladder in design as two long pieces of steel (approximately
the length of the vehicle) are held parallel to each other by shorter pieces
running across.

7
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

History:
Body-on-frame is an automobile construction method where a
separate body is mounted on a relatively rigid vehicle
frame or chassis carrying the powertrain (the engine and drivetrain). The
original method of building automobiles, body-on-frame construction is
now used mainly for pickup trucks and (mostly full size) SUVs.
In the late 19th century the frames, like those of the carriages they
replaced, might be made of wood (commonly ash), reinforced by steel
flitch plates - but in the early 20th century steel ladder frames or chassis
rapidly became standard. Mass production of all-metal bodies began
with the Budd Company and the Dodge Brothers. Mass production of
all-metal bodies became general in the 1920s but Europe, with
exceptions, followed almost a decade later. Europe's custom-made or
"coachbuilt" cars usually contained some wood framing or used
aluminium alloy castings.
In contrast, Unibody or monocoque designs, where panels within the
body supported the car on its suspension, were developed by European
manufacturers in the late 1920s with Budd USA (which had a number of
large factories in Europe) and its technical knowhow; but not in USA
until the 1950s and generally later. Because of the high cost of designing
and developing these structures and the high cost of specialised
machinery to make the large pressings required by this style of
construction it is not used by low-volume manufacturers, who might
construct an equivalent by welding steel tube to form a suitable space
frame.

8
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Construction:
The ladder frame is one of the best that uses the two large longitudinal
beams, which is name as long members. They connected with the numbers
steps like connections, which known as cross members. These are the best
solution for the stiffestframes could be carbon fiber or chassis that has
welded with a roll cage. This makes the chassis stiffer and both the terms of
extensions and bending stiffness. A tubular frame helps to attachand carry
the body and the suspension assembly. They help for many vehicles with
less stiffness. It behaves like a strong tubular bone that help the body placed
on the structure properly. The chassis ladder frames do not have the rigidity
in torsion because of the two dimensional design frameworks. This has little
importance on road that helps better contact with the ground when needed to
go off road. The tube that covered the susceptible parts of the drive shaft.
However, this chassis is heavier at the same time than a single body. The
chassis does not provide any protection against any side impacts. The
vehicles like Mahindra bolero and Tata sumo build on these chassis. It helps
to withstand the torsion twist and effectively reduce the lifespan of the
vehicles.

9
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Function:
It is the back bone of the vehicle. A vehicle with out body is
called Chassis. The components of the vehicle like Power plant,
Transmission System, Axles, Wheels and Tyres, Suspension,
Controlling Systems like Braking, Steering etc., and also electrical
system parts are mounted on the Chassis frame. Chassis is
the basic framework of the automobile. It supports all the parts of the
automobile. It has to withstand centrifugal force while cornering and
bending stresses due to rise and fall of front and rear axles.

10
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Advantage:
 The greatest advantage of the ladder frame is its adaptability to
accommodate a large variety of body shapes and types.
 Bodies ranging from flat platforms, box vans and tankers to
detachable containers can all be easily attached to ladder
frames.
 Ladder frames exhibit good bending strength and stiffness.
 The open channel section provides easy access for attaching
brackets and components.

11
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Disadvantage:
 However, the strength of the joints becomes critical as the
maximum bending on all members occurs at the joints and the
attachment of brackets becomes more complex.
 Also, the vehicle’s overall height will be higher due to the
floor pan sitting above the frame instead of inside it.
 If the open sections are replaced by closed box section then the
torsional stiffness is greatly improved.
 The ladder frame exhibits poor resistance to torsion or warping
if simple, perpendicular cross members are used.

12
GP Aurangabad, Automobile Engineering Dept.

Application:

A ladder frame is easy to design, build and can be used in

multiple applications with minimal modification. ... A ladder frame is
tough and great for carrying heavy loads for an extended period.
A ladder frame vehicle sits higher off the ground.

13