Name:

Title: Qualitative Analysis

Date:

Aim: To determine the identity of unknown samples using qualitative analysis

Apparatus and Materials: list all materials and apparatus used

Introduction: Relevant background information on each type of molecule being tested

and how each test affects each molecule type.

Procedure:

1. Carry out the test for reducing sugars using 2cm3 of each unknown sample,
except for sample D where ONE DROP SHOULD BE USED FOR EACH TEST
- Add 2cm3 of Benedict’s solution to each solution and heat in a water bath
2. Record all results in a table

3. Carry out the test for non-reducing sugars on 2cm3 of each unknown sample
- add 2cm3 of HCl to the solution and heat in a water bath for no more than 1 min
- add 2cm3 of sodium hydrogen carbonate, then 2cm3 of Benedict’s reagent and
heat
4. Record all results in a table

5. Carry out the starch test on 2cm3 of each unknown sample

- Add a few drops of iodine to each solution
6. Record all results in a table

7. Carry out the Biuret test on 2cm3 of each unknown sample

- Add 2cm3 of potassium hydroxide and shake vigorously
- add 4 drops of copper sulphate and shake
8. Record all results in a table

9. Carry out the test for lipids on 2cm3 of each unknown solution
- Add an equal amount of ethanol and shake vigorously
- add an equal amount of cold water

10. Record all results in a table

Results: appropriate tables consisting of observations and deductions

Discussion:

1. Background information - relevant information about each macromolecule

tested for, basis of each test and qualitative analysis
2. Explanation of results
3. Precautions/limitations/sources of error

Conclusion: Identify each unknown sample