212 Chapter 3 Applications of the Derivative 43, A metal water trough with equal semicircular ends and ‘open top is to have a capacity of 1287 cubic fect (Figure 1), Determine its radius rand length Mit the trough is to require the least material for its construction Figure 1 44, Find the maximum and the min defined on the elosed interval [=2,2] by num of the function 2sxs0 ios r=? 12 + 61 +8), Find where the graph is concave up and where it is concave down, Sketch the graph. 48, For each of the following functions, decide whether the Mean Value Theorem applics on the indicated interval. If 0, find all possible values ofc, if not, tell why. Make a sketch. fey 3 () Fa) = 8 = EL) © ay = 2247 =2,3) 4, Find the equitions ofthe tangent ines at the inflection points of the graph of ¥ be =3re1 47, Let f be a continuous function with (1) = -1/4, #2) = 0, and 7(3) = —1/4 1 the graph of y = f"x) is a8 shown in Figure 2, sketch a possible graph for y = f(x). Figure 2 48, Sketch the graph of a function G with all the following Properties (8) Gtx) is continuous (29,0) U(0, 2} (b) G(-2) and G"(x) > 0 for all x in (©) im G(x) = 2 fim [G(x ~ a] (8) Jim. G(x) = fim G(x) =o. [2] 49, Use the Biscotion Method (o solve 3x ~ cos 2x = 0 ue ‘curate o six decimal places, Use a = Oand b; = 1 450, Use Newton's Method to solve 3x ~ cos 2x = O accurate to six decimal places. Use x; = DS. SL. Use the Fixed-Point Algorithm to solve 31 ~ cos 2x starting with 21 = 05. $2, Use Newton's Method © find the solution of x ~ tan x = 0 in the interval (7,2) accurate to four decimal places. Hint: Sketch graphs of y= x and y= tan using the ‘same axes to get a good initial guess for x In Problems 53-67, evaluate the indicated integrals. 38. fe 38 +3Vi) de a. fae -9!%ar 58. J cost x sin rds @ [or draniGe +6) wR + 6x) dr Pays of PO ay VHT250. Chapter 4 The Definite Integral (a) The amount that has leaked out between s = 3 and ¢ = S hours is equal to the area under the V'(1) curve from 3 t0 5 (Figure 3). Thus, VG) — VQ) = [vou - fo —tanyat = [ine - Thus, 13.2 gallons leaked in the two hours between time ¢ = 3 and¢ = 5. (b) Let f, denote the time when 5 gallons remain in the tank. Then the amount that has leaked out is equal to 50, so V(t)) = 50, Since the tank was initially {ull (e., nothing has leaked out), we have V(0) = 0. Thus, Vin) — V0) = fo = Ln de 114} wo -0-[- ef 0+ a, — 05sif Figure 3 0 The solutions of this last equation are 10(11 + VIL)/11, approximately 6985 and 13015. Note that since J;%(11 ~ tr) dr = $8, the entire tank is rained by time ¢ = 10, leading us to diseard the latter solution, Thus, $ gallons remain after 6985 hours. . Concepts Review 1. fis continuous on [a] andif Fisany off thee, then f2yta) dx = 2. The symbol [Ff stands forthe expresion 3. By the Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, [SP (x) ds = 4. Under the substitution w= x* + 1, the definite imegrat [i2(e + 1} de transforms to the new definite integra Problem Set 4.4 In Problems I-14, use the Second Fundamental Theorem of Cat ‘ulus to evaluate each definite integra. [ioe ae9.0 » [va i few seenn ae Lorna In Problems 15-34, use he method of substitution to find each of the following indefinite integrals 15, [ vaewBae 6, [Vx= das wn fess s3yde as fonts yas 1. [snor- 1) 4x 20 [oone ~ VA) ae a. [verre 2 [rc 2B [x 25, [since + yas 26, [eco + sya YE53) » (ea mw [ED s+ sae Paste at fli +4Section 4.4 The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the Method of Substitution 251. am. fee «sponte si 30. [eov + mf sin[(7x7 + x))]dr ae | scones + 4) VERE H ay a fetinse + Vem Tide 2 fins + spot? +5) a fetes + Vine Dax Hint: D, tan x = sec"x {In Problems 35-58, use the Substitution Rule for Definite Integrals to-evaluate each definite integral a fe rirend 6 [VETTIOe an of wo [varia «. [rte * [aa ae ee (ee for ner vaya [OFM a af 4, couse ~ apa a [a0 fy cos 50. [ *sin(2es) dx sin! cos 0.40 a frsicecias a ['voxte a os inte vere s& [enssogos na os [entoninind a 1. [ xeos(e) sate) te a [esiseaeye 459, Figure 4 shows the graph ofa function that has a contin= uous third derivative, The dashed lines are tangent to the graph fof » = (x) at the points (0, 2) and (3, 0). Based on what is, shown, elif possible, whether the following integrals are posi tive, negative, or zero. w [ lx) dx © [roa w [rove @ [rw Figure 4 Figure 5 (60. Figure 5 shows the graph of a funetion fthat has a contin- ‘uous third derivative. The dashed lines are tangent to the graph fof y= f(x) at the points (0, 2) and (4, 1). Based on what is, shown, tel, if possible, whether the following integrals are posi tive, negative oF zero. @ [roa © [row © [row w [rou ‘61. Water leaks out of a 200-gallon storage tank (initially full) atthe rate ¥°(9) = 20 ~ 4, where fis measured in hours and Vin, gallons, How much water leaked out between 10 and 20 hours? How lone will t take the tank to drain completely? @. Oil is leaking at the rate of V"(Q) = 1 — 1/110 from a storage tank that is initially full of SS gallons, How much leaks ‘out during the first hour? During the tenth hour? How long until the entive tank is drained? (63. ‘The water usage in a small town is measured in gallons per hout.A plot ofthis rate of usage is shown in Figure 6 for the hours midnight through noon for « particular day: Estimate the total amount of water used during this 12-hour perio. Miter Usage (gar ‘Time (hours past midnight) Figure 6