Iseminger 1

Kelsey Iseminger

Professor Leonard

English 1201 Online

25 October 2019

The Online Casebook

Lund, Jennifer L., et al., “Comparative Effectiveness of Postoperative Chemotherapy among

Older Patients with Non-Metastatic Rectal Cancer Treated with Preoperative

Chemoradiotherapy.” ​Journal of Geriatric Oncology​, vol. 7, no. 3, May 2016, pp.

176–186. ​EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2016.01.011.

https://www-sciencedirect-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/science/article/pii/S18794068160003

Accessed on 15 October 2019.

This study, written by Jennifer L. Lund et al., is titled “Comparative effectiveness of

postoperative chemotherapy among older patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer treated with

preoperative chemoradiotherapy,” and tests the effectiveness of chemotherapy after surgery. This

experiment looked at a sample of 1,316 cancer patients and how they responded to postoperative

chemotherapy. About half of the group’s treatment contained oxaliplatin, which is a drug that

can be used in chemotherapy to slow or terminate cancer cell growth. The results of the study

found that patients who received postoperative chemo were associated with reduced mortality

rates, specifically those 75 years or younger. However, the addition of oxaliplatin to treatments

did not affect mortality rates.

The purpose of this article was to publish the results of an experiment that tested a

variation of chemotherapy. This article would be useful to researchers in the cancer fields, and
 Iseminger 2

they may want to use this study as a template for one of their own. The writers of this piece are

Jennifer L. Lund, Til Sturmer, and Hannah K. Sanoff. I know that these authors are credible

because the website gives direct links to their impressive bios. To list just one, Jennifer Lund

works and is a corresponding author for the Department of Epidemiology at Gillings School of

Global Public Health. I know this article is credible because it was published on a website called

Science Direct​, which is exclusively for scholarly journals, books, and in-depth studies like this

one. I plan to use this information when discussing that postoperative chemotherapy is an

essential step in prolonging the life of cancer patients.

Marks, David I., et al., “Burden of Hospitalization in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients

Treated with Inotuzumab Ozogamicin versus Standard Chemotherapy Treatment.”

Cancer Medicine​, no. 13, 2019, p. 5959.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cam4.2480​. Accessed on 20 October

2019.

This article, written by David I. Marks and others, is titled “Burden of hospitalization in

acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients treated with Inotuzumab Ozogamicin versus standard

chemotherapy treatment,” appears in The US National Library of Medicine, and takes a

comparative look at hospitalization between patients receiving standard chemotherapy treatment

(SoC) and those receiving Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (INO). The article outlines an experiment

that was conducted on leukemia patients, as well as giving the technical results and drawing

conclusions. The consensus of the experiment was that those who were administered Inotuzumab

Ozogamicin were hospitalized less, coming in at 7.6 days in the hospital per month as opposed to
 Iseminger 3

the 18.4 days for the standard treatment. Using INO would be less burdensome on hospitals and

their staff, as well as being less expensive for the health care community in general.

This article was written to demonstrate that INO treatment, although not as popular as the

regular SoC treatment, would result with the patient spending fewer days in the hospital. This

was probably directed at scientists in the medical community, and may provide them insigts into

alternate ways to treat cancer patients. For this reason, the article provides a lot of technical

results that may be confusing to someone unfamiliar with the medical terminology. I know the

authors are credible because the website provides you with where they work in the medical field.

For example, one author, David Marks, is said to work for the Bristol Haemtology and Oncology

Centere at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation in Bristol, UK. I know that the

source is accurate because it was published recently (August 22, 2019), and the website it is on is

strictly for medical studies like this one. I will use this information when discussing what other

types of medication may be preferable to chemotherapy.

Starbuck, Kristen D., et al. “Prognostic Impact of Adjuvant Chemotherapy Treatment Intensity

for Ovarian Cancer.” ​PLoS ONE,​ vol. 13, no. 11, Nov. 2018, pp. 1–12. ​EBSCOhost​,

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30418985​. Accessed on 20 October 2019.

This article, written by Kristen D. Starbuck, et al., is titled “Prognostic impact of adjuvant

chemotherapy treatment intensity for ovarian cancer,” appears in the US National Library of

Medicine, and evaluates the survival rates of patients who complete their treatment plans on time

as opposed to those who have delays. Patients who completed their treatment on time, or who

had a delay of less than a month, had a median survival length of 41.3 months. Those who
 Iseminger 4

experienced a delay of over a month only had a median survival length of 18.1 months. Patients

who had a delay of less than four weeks were reported to have a median survival length of 35.0

months. The conclusion of the article states that completing chemotherapy on time led to an

increase of survival lengths, whereas delayed treatments led to decreased survival lengths.

The purpose of writing this article was to prove that on-time completion of chemotherapy

treatment leads to more positive results for the patient. This article was written for doctors and

cancer patients to show them how important a reliable treatment plan is. Because this article is

viewed by the medical community, it contains a lot of unfamiliar abbreviations and percentages

of medicines. I know that the authors are reliable because they all work in some kind of cancer

research. For example, one author, Kristen Starbuck works for the Department of Gynecologic

Oncology at the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center in Buffalo, New York, USA. I

know this article is reliable because it appears in a government-run library; the US National

Library of Medicine. I will use this information when discussing the importance of completing a

chemotherapy treatment plan on time.

Williams, Ruth. “Mopping Up Excess Chemotherapy Drugs.” ​The Scientist​, 1 April 2019,

https://www.the-scientist.com/modus-operandi/mopping-up-excess-chemotherapy-drugs​.

Accessed on 19 October 2019.

This article, written by Ruth Williams, appears in an online magazine called The

Scientist, and is titled “Mopping Up Excess Chemotherapy Drugs.” Chemotherapy is essentially

poison to the body; it kills tumor cells, but also ends up killing healthy tissue such as hair and

teeth cells. This article brings to light a device that filters the chemo drugs out of the blood
 Iseminger 5

stream once they have gone through the necessary organ(s). This prototype device would be very

helpful at keeping the body healthy during chemotherapy treatment. However, this device needs

much more research and development before it will become a serious option for patients. In

addition, the usage of this device would require the patient to be monitored in an intensive care

unit. Although the idea of this device is not quite perfect, it is a step in the right direction.

This article is written for anyone in the cancer research fields to get them to consider a

new way to help make the treatment process easier. It is also written for anyone interested in

cancer research developments to let them know about a new device that may be used in the

future. The author, Ruth Williams, specializes in writing articles for medical journals, has a PhD

in genetics from King’s College London, and was a postdoctoral researcher in stem cell biology.

I know the website is reliable because it features a lot of articles aimed at introducing and

exploring new ideas in the science world. I will use this information when I discuss how current

chemotherapy treatments could be improved to produce more successful results.

Kumar, Lalit, et al., “Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in the Management of Cervical

Cancer.” ​Current Problems in Cancer​, vol. 42, no. 2, Mar. 2018, pp. 120–128.

EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2018.01.016.

https://www-sciencedirect-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/science/article/pii/S01470272183001

99​ Accessed on 27 October 2019.

This article, titled “Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy in the Management of Cervical

Cancer,” is written by Lalit Kumar, et al., and appears on the Science Direct website, which

features medical journals and articles like this one. This article discusses the challenge of treating
 Iseminger 6

cervical cancer, with 30 to 40 percent of patients failing to “achieve the complete response”

when being treated with chemo-radiation (which is the standard treatment for cervical cancer).

This article proposes that patients will have more successful results when bevacizumab is added

to the typical chemotherapy treatment. Bevacizumab is designed to block a protein called

vascular endothelial growth factor, and hinder the growth of it in the body. The author says that a

higher survival rate is seen in patients treated with bevacizumab along with chemotherapy.

The author’s purpose in writing this article is directed at doctors who treat cancer in

countries with limited resources,” specifically North and South America, the Carribbean, and

South Asia. Cervical cancer is very common in these areas, and the author is trying to provide

those who treat them with a more effective medicinal combination. I know one of the authors

(Lalit Kumar, MD) is reliable because he works for the ​Department of Medical Oncology at the

Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital in New Delhi, India. I know the website it is on is reliable

because it is specifically for medical journals and articles like this one. I will use this information

when I discuss how adding different treatments to chemotherapy would be more effective than

chemotherapy alone.

Logan, Keiran, et al., “Targeted Chemo-Sonodynamic Therapy Treatment of Breast Tumours

Using Ultrasound Responsive Microbubbles Loaded with Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin and

Rose Bengal.” ​European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics​, vol. 139, June

2019, pp. 224–231. ​EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.04.003.

https://www-sciencedirect-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/science/article/pii/S09396411193008

40?via%3Dihub​. Accessed on 27 October 2019.

 Iseminger 7

This article, written by Keriran Logan et al. is titled “Targeted Chemo-Sonodynamic

Therapy Treatment of Breast Tumours Using Ultrasound Responsive Microbubbles Loaded with

Paclitaxel, Doxorubicin and Rose Bengal,” and appears on the Science Direct website. This

article is about how a specialized form of chemotherapy and an alternate kind of surgery would

reduce harmful side effects to patients with breast cancer, as well as be more effective in ridding

them of the tumor. This article proposes breast conservation surgery (BCS) as an alternative to

mastectomy, which is associated with physical and psychological issues for patients. To perform

BCS on patients, the tumor has to be a certain size, and the author evaluates a specialized form of

chemotherapy that would be very effective when paired with BCS. This form of chemo is called

ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), and, when used, has been reported to be a

more effective way to treat breast cancer.

The author’s purpose in this article is to try and persuade those in the medical community

to consider a more specialized way to treat breast cancer. I know the authors are reliable because

the website proudly shows the readers an impressive bio for each of them. For example, one

author, Keriran Logan, works at the Biomedical Sciences Research Institute in Coleraine,

Northern Ireland, UK. I know that this article was published in a medical journal called

“European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics,” in addition to being on a scholarly

website.
 Iseminger 8

Kumar, Maushmi S., and Kaveri M. Adki. “Marine Natural Products for Multi-Targeted Cancer

Treatment: A Future Insight.” ​Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy​, vol. 105, Sept. 2018, pp.

233–245. ​EBSCOhost​, doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.142.

https://www-sciencedirect-com.sinclair.ohionet.org/science/article/pii/S07533322183121

74?via%3Dihub​. Accessed on 27 October 2019.

This article, written by Maushmi S. Kumar and Kaveri M. Adki, is titled “Marine Natural

Products for Multi-Targeted Cancer Treatment: A Future Insight,” is published in the 2018

version of “Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy,” in addition to being on the Science Direct

website. As chemotherapy is not always completely effective and can cause harmful side effects,

researchers are looking for safer ways to treat cancer. This article explores the possibility of

using marine life to treat cancer. Specifically, marine sponges. From the research done in the

article, the authors conclude that the bioactive compounds in marine sponges could be, with

further research, used to treat cancer.

The authors’ purpose of writing this piece was to publish their findings on the possible

ways that marine sponges could treat cancer. I know that that the authors are reliable because

they are the writers of a book called “Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy,” in addition to both of

them working at Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management

in Mumbai, India. I know that the website is reliable because it is used to publish medical

journals, studies, and articles like this one. I will use this information when I discuss the

alternatives to chemotherapy.