W-Shapes | ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi, Fu = 65 ksi

S-Shapes | ASTM A36, Fy = 36 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi

C- and MC-Shapes | ASTM A36, Fy = 36 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi
CONDITION ASD LRFD RELATED INFO
Tension 0.6 Fy Ag  0.5 Fu Ae 0.9 Fy Ag  0.75 Fu Ae For Ae, see Equation D3-1.
Lb  Lp 0.66 Fy S x 0.99 Fy S x
See Note 1.
Strong
L p  Lb  Lr Use linear interpolation between Lp and Lr. L p  300 ry Fy
Bending Axis
Lb  Lr 0.42 Fy S x 0.63Fy S x Lr and strengths when Lb > Lr
are given in the AISC Manual.
Weak Axis 0.9 Fy S y 1.35Fy S y

Shear (in strong axis) 0.4 Fy Aw 0.6 Fy Aw See Note 2.

Kl r  800 Fy 0.6 Fy Ag  0.658P 0.9 Fy Ag  0.658P P  Fy  Kl r  286, 000
2

Compression
 Kl r   Kl r 
2 2
Kl r  800 Fy 150, 000 Ag 226, 000 Ag See Note 3.

Notes:
1. Multiply equations given for Lb ≤ Lp by value in parentheses for W14×90 (0.97), W12×65 (0.98), and W6×15 (0.95).
2. Multiply equations given by 0.9 for W44×230, W40×149, W36×135, W33×118, W30×90, W24×55, W16×26, W12×14 and all C-
and MC-shapes. In weak axis, equations given can be adapted by using Aw = 1.8bftf.
3. Not applicable to slender shapes. For slender shapes, use QFy in place of Fy, where Q = QsQa from Section E7. For C- and MC-
shapes, also check Section E4.

American Institute of Steel Construction

Basic Design Values 1 Copyright © 2011 One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700
Based upon simplifying assumptions and arbitrary Chicago, IL 60601
limitations. Direct use of the 2010 AISC Specification www.aisc.org
may be less constrained and less conservative. There’s always a solution in steel.
HSS | ASTM A500 grade B, Rectangular Fy = 46 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi , Round Fy = 42 ksi, Fu = 58 ksi
Pipe | ASTM A53 grade B, Fy = 35 ksi, Fu = 60 ksi
CONDITION ASD LRFD RELATED INFO
Tension 0.6 Fy Ag  0.5 Fu Ae 0.9 Fy Ag  0.75 Fu Ae For Ae, see Equation D3-1.
Rectangular HSS 0.66 Fy S 0.99 Fy S See Note 1.
Bending
Round HSS, Pipe 0.78Fy S 1.17 Fy S See Note 2.
Rectangular HSS 0.36 Fy Aw 0.54 Fy Aw See Note 3.
Shear
Round HSS, Pipe 0.18 Fy Ag 0.27 Fy Ag See Note 4.
Kl r  800 Fy 0.6 Fy Ag  0.658P 0.9 Fy Ag  0.658P See Note 5.
Compression
P  Fy  Kl r  286, 000
2

 Kl r   Kl r 
2 2
Kl r  800 Fy 150, 000 Ag 226, 000 Ag

Notes: Size Limits for Nominal Wall Thickness

1. Not applicable if limit at right is exceeded (see Section F7). Rectangular HSS, in.* 5 1 3 5 1 3 1
2. Not applicable if D/t > 2,030/Fy. (see Section F8). /8 /2 /8 /16 /4 /16 /8
1
3. Not applicable if limit at right is exceeded (see Section G5). Flange18 14 10 9 7 5 3 /2
4. Not applicable if Lv/D > 75 (see Section G6). Bending
Web 20 20 20 18 14 10 7
5. For rectangular HSS, if limit at right is exceeded, use QFy in Shear 20 20 20 18 14 10 7
place of Fy, where Q = Qa from Section E7.2. For round HSS
Compression 20 16 12 10 8 6 4
and pipe with D/t > 3,190/Fy, use QFy in place of Fy, where Q
= Qa from Section E7.2. *Table only covers up to 64-in. periphery.

American Institute of Steel Construction

Basic Design Values 2 Copyright © 2011 One East Wacker Drive, Suite 700
Based upon simplifying assumptions and arbitrary Chicago, IL 60601
limitations. Direct use of the 2010 AISC Specification www.aisc.org
may be less constrained and less conservative. There’s always a solution in steel.
Bolts | ASTM A325 or F1852, Fu = 120 ksi; ASTM A490 or F2280, Fu = 150 ksi
Welds | FEXX = 70 ksi
Connected Parts Copyright © 2011 by AISC
CONDITION ASD LRFD RELATED INFO
Tension 0.38 Fu Ab 0.56 Fu Ab --
Shear (N bolts, per shear plane) 0.23Fu Ab 0.34 Fu Ab Multiply by 1.25 for X bolts.
Bolts

Slip Resistance (Class A, STD holes) 0.12 Fu Ab 0.18 Fu Ab Per slip plane. See Note 1.
Bearing 0.6 Fu lc t  1.2 Fu db t 0.9 Fu lc t  1.8 Fu db t See Note 2.
Shear (all welds except CJP) 0.3FEXX Aw 0.45 FEXX Aw See Note 3.
PJP Tension 0.32 FEXX Aw  0.5 Fu ABM 0.48FEXX Aw  0.75Fu ABM See Section J2.1a.
Welds

Groove Compression (joint not

Welds 0.48 FEXX Aw  0.6 Fy ABM 0.72 FEXX Aw  0.9 Fy ABM See Section J2.1a.
finished to bear)
CJP Groove Welds Strength equal to base metal. --
Tension 0.6 Fy Ag  0.5 Fu Ae 0.9 Fy Ag  0.75 Fu Ae For Ae, see Equation D3-1.
Connected Parts

Shear 0.4 Fy Ag  0.3Fu An 0.6 Fy Ag  0.45 Fu An --

Block Shear 0.3Fu Anv  0.5U bs Fu Ant 0.45Fu Anv  0.75U bs Fu Ant See Note 4.
Kl r  25 0.6 Fy A 0.9 Fy A
Compression --
Kl r  25 Same as for W-shapes with Ag = A

Notes:
1. For Class B, multiply by 1.67. Multiply by value in parentheses for SSL perpendicular to load direction (1.0), OVS or SSL
holes parallel to load direction (0.85), and LSL holes (0.7). Multiply by 0.85 if multiple fillers are used within grip.
2. For LSL holes perpendicular to load direction, multiply by 0.83.
3. For fillet welds, multiply by 1.5 for transverse loading (90-degree load angle). For other load angles, see Section J2.
4. For calculation purposes, FuAnv cannot exceed FyAgv. Ubs = 1 for a uniform tension stress; 0.5 for non-uniform tension stress.
Analysis and Design Copyright © 2011 by AISC

Simplified Method (see Note 1)

Step 1. Perform first-order analysis. Use 0.2% of total story gravity load as lateral load in gravity-only load combinations.
Step 2. Establish the design story drift limit and determine the lateral load required to produce it.
Step 3. Determine the ratio of the total story gravity load to the lateral load determined in Step 2. For ASD, multiply by 1.6.
Step 4. Multiply first-order results by the tabular value. K=1, except for moment frames when the tabular value is greater than 1.1.
Design Story Ratio from Step 3 (times 1.6 for ASD, 1.0 for LRFD)
Drift Limit 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120
H/100 1 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.5/1.4 When ratio exceeds 1.5, simplified

K=1
H/200 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5/1.4 method requires a stiffer structure.
H/300 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5/1.4
H/400 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3 1.5/1.4
H/500 1 1 1 1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4/1.3
Elastic Methods Forces and
Effective Length Limitations Reference
(for plastic design, see Appendix 1) Moments
First-order analysis method – second-order effects K = 1 for all frames Δ2nd/Δ1st ≤ 1.5; Appendix
From analysis
captured from effects of additional lateral load (see Note 2) Axial load limited 7.3
Effective length method – second-order analysis with K = 1, except for
From analysis Appendix
0.2% of total story gravity load as lateral load in moment frames Δ2nd/Δ1st ≤ 1.5
(see Note 3) 7.2
gravity-only load combinations (see Note 3) with Δ2nd/Δ1st > 1.1
Direct analysis method – second-order analysis with From analysis
K = 1 for all frames None Chapter C
notional lateral load and reduced EI and AE (see Note 3) (see Note 3)

Notes:
1. Derived from the effective length method, using the B1-B2 approximation with B1 taken equal to B2. Rm = 0.85/1.0
2. An additional amplification for member curvature effects is required for columns in moment frames.
3. The B1-B2 approximation (Appendix 8) can be used to accomplish a second-order analysis within the limitation that B2 ≤ 1.5.
Also, B1 and B2 can be taken equal to the multiplier tabulated for the simplified method above.
4. Δ2nd/Δ1st is the ratio of second-order drift to first-order drift, which is also represented by B2.