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Vocabulary List: Preliminary English Test (PET)
Vocabulary List: Preliminary English Test (PET)
The PET Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing
students for the PET examination.
The PET list was originally developed by Cambridge ESOL in consultation with external
consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the PET examination. It
includes vocabulary from the Council of Europe’s Threshold (1990) specification and other
vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high-frequency.
The list covers vocabulary appropriate to this level of English and includes receptive
vocabulary (words that the candidate is expected to understand but which is not the focus
of a question), and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know to
answer a question).
The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the PET question
papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to the list alone.
The vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words
falling into disuse. In order to maintain its currency, the PET list is updated on an annual
basis by the addition and removal of words, using a corpus-based approach. Suggested
additions to the wordlist are collated and the frequency of these words is obtained by
reference to established corpora (electronic databases). The corpora in question represent
receptive and productive language in general contexts. The main corpora used for the
validation of the PET Vocabulary List are:
x the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC) which includes over 20 million words of written
learner English at six levels;
x the British National Corpus (BNC) which includes 100 million words of written and
spoken native speaker data.
x Word sets
Some categories of words a learner at this level might be expected to know are not
included in the alphabetical list but are listed separately. Words formed with common
affixes, some compounds and words from some common word sets, e.g. days of the week
are described below and in Appendix 1. Although some ‘grammar words’ (pronouns,
modals, etc.) are included, the ‘Language Specification’ section of the PET Handbook
(available under ‘Downloads’) should be consulted for a more complete listing.
x Exemplification
Example phrases and sentences showing how words might be used are given only where
words with different meanings need to be constrained e.g. the use of case is limited to
‘suitcase’: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as ‘a legal case’.
x Prefixes and Suffixes
A list of possible prefixes and suffixes is provided in Appendix 2, and these may be
combined with the vocabulary items in the list as appropriate. Words with an affix which is
not included in the appendix are listed separately in the alphabetical list.
x Compound Words
Compound words are not included in the list where both individual words are present and
the meaning of the compound is literal and transparent, e.g. coursebook, schoolboy,
shoemaker, underwater. A similar approach has been adopted with two-word and
hyphenated compounds, for example, coffee bar, leisure centre, home-made, open-air.
x Multi-word Verbs
Multi-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are
composed of verbs and particles already in the list. Examples of ‘literal’ multi-word verbs
are come into, sit down, as in ‘Why not come into the kitchen and sit down?’ If the meaning
of the verb is not transparent, e.g. put through, get along, then the verb is listed and an
example of usage given.
x Topic Lists
In Appendix 3 words have been grouped together under common PET themes, such as
‘House and Home’, ‘Sport’, ‘Food and Drink’.
Unsuitable Topics
Cambridge ESOL examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset
candidates, potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination. A
number of ‘sensitive’ topics are considered unsuitable for use in PET, for example, war
and politics, and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the Vocabulary List.
Personal Vocabulary
The content of the PET list is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the
productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates. Candidates should know the
specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives, for example, work,
hobbies, likes and dislikes.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the Vocabulary List are:
x The list does not include every word that may appear on a PET paper.
x The list covers receptive and productive vocabulary.
x It is updated every year.
afford (v)
A afraid (adj)
after (prep)
ability (n) afternoon (n)
able (adj) afterwards (adv)
about (adv & prep) again (adv)
x about 500 students (adv) against (prep)
x The film is about a small boy. age (n)
(prep) aged (adj)
above (prep) agent (n)
abroad (adv) agency (n)
absent (adj) ago (adv)
accept (v) agree (v)
access (n) ahead (adv)
x disabled access aim (n & v)
x internet access air (n)
accident (n) air-conditioning (n)
accommodation (n) airforce (n)
accompany (v) airline (n)
according to (prep) airmail (n)
account (n) airport (n)
accurate (adj) alarm (n)
ache (n & v) alarm clock (n)
achieve (v) album (n)
across (prep) alike (adv)
act (n & v) alive (adj)
x in the second act (of the play) (n) all (adj, adv, det & pron)
x to act in a play (v) all right/alright (adv)
x to act strangely (v) allow (v)
action (n) almost (adv)
active (adj) alone (adv)
activity (n) along (adv & prep)
actor (n) aloud (adv)
actress (n) alphabet (n)
actual (adj) already (adv)
ad (advertisement) (n) also (adv)
add (v) although (conj)
addition (n) altogether (adv)
x in addition always (adv)
additional (adj) a.m. (adv)
address (n) amazed (adj)
admire (v) amazing (adj)
admission (n) ambassador (n)
x charges/cost/price ambition (n)
admit (v) ambulance (n)
adult (adj & n) among (amongst) (prep)
advanced (adj) amount (n)
advantage (n) amusing (adj)
adventure (n) ancient (adj)
advert (n) and (conj)
advertise (v) angry (adj)
advertisement (n) animal (n)
advice (n) ankle (n)
advise (v) anniversary (n)
aeroplane (n) announce (v)
announcement (n)
annoy (v) athlete (n)
annual (adj) athletics (n)
another (adj) atmosphere (n)
answer (n & v) attach (v)
answerphone (n) attack (n & v)
antique (adj & n) attempt (v)
anxious (adj) attend (v)
any (adj & pron) attention (n)
anybody (pron) attitude (n)
anyhow (adv) attract (v)
anyone (pron) attraction (n)
anything (pron) attractive (adj)
anyway (adv) audience (n)
anywhere (adv) aunt (n)
apart from (prep) automatically (adv)
apartment (n) available (adj)
apologise (v) average (adj & n)
apology (n) avoid (v)
appear (v) awake (adj)
appearance (n) away (adv)
apple (n) awful (adj)
application (n)
apply (v)
appointment (n)
approach (v) B
approve (v)
architect (n) baby (n)
area (n) back (adv, adj & n)
argue (v) background (n)
arm (n) backpack (n)
armchair (n) backwards (prep)
army (n) bad (adj)
around (adv & prep) bag (n)
arrange (v) baggage (n)
arrest (v) bake (v)
arrival (n) balance (n)
arrive (v) balance (v)
art (n) balcony (n)
article (n) bald (adj)
artist (n) ball (n)
as (adv & conj) ballet (n)
as well (adv) balloon (n)
as well as (prep) banana (n)
ashamed (adj) band (n)
ask (v) bandage (n)
asleep (adj) bank (n)
aspirin (n) bank balance (n)
assistant (n) banknote (n)
at (prep) bar (n)
at all (prep phr) barbecue (n & v)
at first (prep phr) bare (adj)
at last (prep phr) base on (phr v)
at least (prep phr) baseball (n)
at once (prep phr) basement (n)
at present (prep phr) basic (adj)
at the same time (prep phr) basin (n)
basket (n) x a blank piece of paper
basketball (n) blanket (n)
bat (n) bleed (v)
bath (n & v) blind (adj & n)
bathroom (n) block (n)
battle (n) x block of flats
bay (n) blond(e) (adj & n)
be (v) blood (n)
beach (n) blouse (n)
bean (n) blow (n & v)
bear (n) blue (adj)
beard (n) board (n & v)
beat (v) boarding pass (n)
beautiful (adj) boat (n)
because (conj) body (n)
because of (prep) boil (v)
become (v) bold (adj)
bed (n) bomb (n & v)
bedroom (n) bone (n)
bee (n) book (n & v)
beef (n) booking office (n)
before (prep) bookshelf (n)
begin (v) bookshop (n)
behave (v) boot (n)
behind (prep) x leather boots
believe (v) x the boot of the car
bell (n) border (n)
belong (v) bored (adj)
belongings (n) boring (adj)
below (adv & prep) born (adj)
belt (n) borrow (v)
bend (n & v) boss (n)
beneath (adv & prep) both (adj & pron)
benefit (n & v) bottle (n)
beside (prep) bottom (n)
between (prep) bowl (n)
beyond (prep) box (n & v)
bicycle (n) boy (n)
big (adj) boyfriend (n)
bike (n) brain (n)
bill (n) brake (n & v)
x electricity bill branch (n)
bin (n) brave (adj)
biography (n) bread (n)
biology (n) break (n & v)
bird (n) break down (phr v)
birth (n) x The car has broken down.
birthday (n) break in (phr v)
biscuit (n) x Someone broke in and stole the
bit (n) computer.
bite (n & v) break up (phr v)
bitter (adj) x When does school break up?
black (adj) x The pop group has broken up.
blackboard (n) breakfast (n)
blame (n & v) breath (n)
blank (adj)
breathe (v) cake (n)
brick (n) calculator (n)
bridge (n) calendar (n)
brief (adj) call (n & v)
bright (adj) call for (phr v)
brilliant (adj) x I’ll call for you at 7.
bring (v) call in (phr v)
bring up (phr v) x She called in to see a friend.
x She was brought up in London. calm (adj)
broad (adj) camel (n)
brochure (n) camera (n)
brother (n) camp (n & v)
brown (adj) campsite (n)
brush (n & v) can (n)
bucket (n) canal (n)
buffet (adj & n) cancel (v)
bug (n) candidate (n)
build (v) candle (n)
building (n) canteen (n)
bulb (n) cap (n)
x light bulb capital (adj)
bull (n) x capital city
bullet (n) x capital letter
bureau (n) captain (n)
burger (n) car (n)
burglar (n) carry out (phr v)
burglary (n) car park (n)
burn (n & v) card (n)
bury (v) x birthday card
bus (n) x credit card
business (n) x identity (ID) card
bus station (n) x playing card
bus stop (n) cardboard (adj & n)
busy (adj) care (n & v)
but (conj) x take care of someone (n)
butcher (n) x to care (about/for)
butter (n) someone/something (v)
button (n) career (n)
buy (v) carpet (n)
by (prep) carrot (n)
by accident (prep phr) carry (v)
by all means (prep phr) carry on (phr v)
by hand (prep phr) x He carried on walking despite the
by mistake (prep phr) rain.
by name (prep phr) cartoon (n)
case (n)
x suitcase
C cash (n & v)
cassette (n)
cassette player/recorder (n)
cab (n) castle (n)
cabbage (n) cat (n)
cabin (n) catch (v)
cable (n) cathedral (n)
café/cafe (n) cauliflower (n)
cage (n)
cause (n & v) chips (n)
cave (n) chocolate (n)
CD (n) choice (n)
CD-Rom (n) choose (v)
ceiling (n) church (n)
celebrate (v) cinema (n)
celebration (n) circle (n)
celery (n) circus (n)
cellar (n) city (n)
cent (n) clap (v)
centimetre (cm) (n) class (n)
central (adj) x language class
central heating (n) x first class, second class
centre (n) classical (adj)
century (n) x classical music
cereal (n) classroom (n)
certain (adj) clean (adj & v)
certificate (n) clear (adj & v)
chain (n) clever (adj)
chair (n & v) click (v)
chalk (n) cliff (n)
challenge (n & v) climate (n)
champion (n) climb (v)
chance (n) clinic (n)
change (n & v) cloakroom (n)
changing room (n) clock (n)
channel (n) close (adj, adv & v)
chapter (n) cloth (n)
character (n) clothes (n pl)
charge (n & v) cloud (n)
chat (n) club (n)
cheap (adj) x to join a club
cheat (v) coach (n)
check (n & v) coal (n)
check in (phr v) coast (n)
x They checked in to a hotel. coat (n)
check out (phr v) cocoa (n)
x He checked out of the hotel at coconut (n)
the end of his stay. coffee (n)
checkout (n) coin (n)
cheerful (adj) cola (n)
cheerio! (exclam) cold (adj & n)
cheers! (exclam) collar (n)
cheese (n) colleague (n)
chef (n) collect (v)
chemist (n) collection (n)
chemistry (n) college (n)
cheque (n) colour (n & v)
chess (n) comb (n & v)
chest (n) come (v)
chicken (n) come down (phr v)
chief (adj) x The house had come down in
child (n) price.
childhood (n) come on (phr v)
chimney (n) x Come on or we'll miss the bus.
chin (n)
comedy (n) correction (n)
comedian (n) corridor (n)
comfort (n) cost (n & v)
comfortable (adj) costume (n)
comic (adj & n) cottage (n)
command (v) cotton (n)
commercial (adj) cough (n & v)
committee (n) count (v)
common (adj) country (n)
x a common surname countryside (n)
x have something in common couple (n)
communicate (v) courage (n)
communication (n) course (n)
compact (adj) x English course
company (n) x main course
compare (v) x of course (exclam)
comparison (n) court (n)
competition (n) x law court
complain (v) x tennis court
complaint (n) cousin (n)
complete (v) cover (n & v)
complicated (adj) cow (n)
composition (n) crash (n & v)
computer (n) crazy (adj)
concentrate (v) cream (adj & n)
concert (n) create (v)
conclusion (n) creative (adj)
condition (n) creature (n)
x in good condition credit (n)
conference (n) x credit card
confident (adj) crew (n)
confirm (v) crime (n)
congratulations! (exclam) criminal (n)
connect (v) cross (n & v)
connection (n) crossing (n)
consider (v) x pedestrian crossing
consist (v) cross out (phr v)
consul (n) x Cross it out and write it again.
consulate (n) crossroads (n)
contact (n & v) crowd (n)
contain (v) crowded (adj)
contents (n) crown (n)
continent (n) cruel (adj)
continue (v) cruise (v)
contract (n) cry (n & v)
control (n & v) cucumber (n)
convenient (adj) cultural (adj)
conversation (n) culture (n)
cook (n & v) cup (n)
cooker (n) cupboard (n)
cookie (n) (Am Eng) cure (n & v)
cool (adj & v) curious (adj)
copy (n & v) curly (adj)
corn (n) currency (n)
corner (n) current (adj)
correct (adj & v)
curriculum (n) x 90 degrees
curriculum vitae/CV (n) x a degree in maths
curry (n) delay (n & v)
curtain (n) delighted (adj)
curve (n & v) deliver (v)
cushion (n) delivery (n)
custom (n) demand (n & v)
customs (n) demonstration (n)
customs officer (n) dentist (n)
customer (n) depart (v)
cut (n & v) department (n)
cut up (phr v) departure (n)
x She cut up the cake into small depend (v)
pieces. x It depends on what you want to
cute (adj) do.
cycle (n & v) deposit (n)
x pay a deposit
D depressed (adj)
depth (n)
x the depth of the water
dad (n) describe (v)
daddy (n) description (n)
daily (adj & adv) desert (n)
damage (n & v) deserve (v)
damp (adj) design (n & v)
dance (n & v) desk (n)
danger (n) despite (prep)
dangerous (adj) dessert (n)
dark (adj & n) destination (n)
date (n & v) destroy (v)
x today’s date (n) detail (n)
x to date a letter (v) detective (n)
daughter (n) develop (v)
day (n) diagram (n)
dead (adj) dial (v)
deaf (adj) diary (n)
deal (with) (v) dictionary (n)
dear (adj & exclam) die (v)
x too dear to buy (adj) diet (n & v)
x Dear Sir (adj) differ (v)
x Oh dear! (exclam) difference (n)
death (n) different (adj)
decide (v) difficult (adj)
decimal (adj & n) difficulty (n)
decision (n) dig (v)
declare (v) digital (adj)
deck (n) dining room (n)
x the deck of a boat dinner (n)
decrease (n & v) diploma (n)
deep (adj & adv) direct (adj & v)
defeat (n & v) direction (n)
defence (n) director (n)
defend (v) directory (n)
definitely (adv) x a telephone directory
degree (n) dirt (n)
disabled (adj) drop (n & v)
disadvantage (n) drugstore (n) (Am Eng)
disagree (v) drum (n)
disappear (v) dry (adj & v)
disappoint (v) dry cleaning (n)
disc/disk (n) duck (n)
x compact disc/CD due (adj)
x hard disk x The next bus is due in five
x floppy disk minutes.
disc jockey (n) due to (prep phr)
disco(theque) (n) dull (adj)
discount (n) during (prep)
discover (v) dust (n & v)
discuss (v) dustbin (n)
discussion (n) duty (n)
disease (n) duty-free (adj)
disgusting (adj) duvet (n)
dish (n) DVD (n)
dishwasher (n) DVD player (n)
dislike (n & v)
display (n & v)
distance (n)
E
distant (adj)
district (n) each (adj & pron)
disturb (v) ear (n)
dive (v) earache (n)
divide (v) early (adj)
dizzy (adj) earn (v)
do (v) earring (n)
doctor/Dr (n) earth (n)
document (n) east (adj, adv & n)
documentary (adj & n) eastern (adj)
dog (n) easy (adj)
doll (n) eat (v)
dollar (n) economics (n)
dolphin (n) edge (n)
door (n) educate (v)
double (adj) education (n)
doubt (n & v) effect (n)
down (adv & prep) efficient (adj)
downstairs (adv) effort (n)
dozen (n) egg (n)
drama (n) either (adv, det, pron & conj)
draw (v) elderly (n & adj)
x to draw a picture of someone or elect (v)
something election (n)
x to draw the curtains electric (adj)
x to draw near electrical (adj)
drawer (n) electricity (n)
dream (n & v) electronic (adj)
dress (n & v) elementary (adj)
dressing (n) elephant (n)
drink (n & v) else (adv)
drive (n & v) email (n & v)
driving licence (n) embarrassed (adj)
embarrassing (adj)
embassy (n) exchange (v)
emergency (n) exchange rate (n)
employ (v) excited (adj)
employee (n) exciting (adj)
employment (n) excuse (n & v)
empty (adj & v) exercise (n & v)
encourage (v) exhibition (n)
end (n & v) exist (v)
end up (phr v) exit (n)
enemy (n) expect (v)
engaged (adj) expedition (n)
x to be engaged to someone expensive (adj)
x The phone was engaged. experience (n)
engine (n) experiment (n & v)
engineer (n) expert (n)
enjoy (v) explain (v)
enormous (adj) explanation (n)
enough (adj, adv & n) explode (v)
enquiry (n) explore (v)
enter (v) extra (adj & adv)
entertain (v) extraordinary (adj)
entertaining (adj) extremely (adv)
entertainment (n) eye (n)
entrance (n)
entry (n)
envelope (n)
F
environment (n)
equal (adj) face (n)
equipment (n) x a sad look on his face
escalator (n) facility (n)
escape (n & v) x The hotel has excellent facilities.
especially (adv) fact (n)
essay (n) factory (n)
essential (adj) fail (v)
euro/Euro (n) failure (n)
even (adv) faint (adj & v)
x He couldn't even do that. fair (adj & n)
evening (n) fairly (adv)
event (n) faithfully (adv)
ever (adv) fall (n & v)
every (adj) (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: autumn)
everybody (n) false (adj)
everyone (n) familiar (with) (adj)
everything (n) family (n)
everywhere (adv) famous (adj)
exact (adj) fan (n)
examine (v) fantastic (adj)
examination/exam (n) far (adv)
example (n) fare (n)
excellent (adj) x The return fare is £26.
except (prep, conj) farm (n & v)
excitement (n) fascinate (v)
exchange (n) fashion (n)
x an exchange visit fast (adj & adv)
x in exchange for fasten (v)
fat (adj & n)
father (n) flag (n)
fault (n) flat (adj & n)
favour (n) flight (n)
favourite (adj & n) flight attendant (n)
fax (n & v) float (v)
fear (n) flood (n & v)
fee (n) floor (n)
feed (v) flour (n)
feel (v) flow (n & v)
feel like (v) flower (n)
x to feel like doing something flu (n)
female (adj) flute (n)
fence (n) fly (n & v)
ferry (n) fog (n)
festival (n) fold (v)
fetch (v) folk (adj & n)
fever (n) follow (v)
few (adj) following (adj)
fiancé(e) (n) fond (adj)
fiction (n) x to be fond of something/someone
field (n) food (n)
fight (n & v) fool (n)
figure (n) foot (n)
fill (v) football (n)
fill in (phr v) for (prep)
x You need to fill in a form. forbid (v)
fill up (phr v) force (n)
x He filled up the car with petrol. forecast (n & v)
film (n & v) foreign (adj)
film maker (n) foreigner (n)
film star (n) forest (n)
final (adj & n) forever (adv)
financial (adj) forget (v)
find (v) forgive (v)
find out (phr v) fork (n)
x I must find out when he’s form (n)
arriving. former (adj)
fine (adj, n & v) fortnight (n)
finger (n) fortunately (adv)
finish (n & v) forward(s) (adv)
fire (n) fountain (n)
firefighter (n) free (adj)
firm (adj & n) freeze (v)
x firm ground (adj) freezer (n)
x a good firm to work for (n) French fries (n) (Am Eng)
first (adj, adv, n & pron) frequent (adj)
x first name (adj) fresh (adj)
x first of all (adv) fridge ( n)
x He was the first. (pron) friend (n)
fish (n & v) frighten (v)
fit (adj & v) from (prep)
x keep fit (adj) front (adj & n)
x These shoes don't fit. (v) frontier (n)
fitness (n) frost (n)
fix (v) fruit (n)
fry (v)
frying pan (n) get on (with) (phr v)
fuel (n) x She got on with her work.
full (adj) x I’m getting on well with French.
full time (adv) x Do you get on well with Sam?
full-time (adj) get rid of (phr v)
fun (n) get up (phr v)
funny (adj) x What time do you get up in the
x a funny story (amusing) morning?
x a funny thing happened (strange) gift (n)
furnished (adj) giraffe (n)
furniture (n) girl (n)
further (adv & adj) girlfriend (n)
future (adj & n) give (v)
give back (phr v)
G x Give me back this book on
Tuesday, please.
give in (phr v)
gallery (n) x Have you given in your
x an art gallery homework yet?
gain (v) x Do you give in?
x gain experience give out (phr v)
game (n) x Will you give out these papers for
gap (n) me, please?
garage (n) give up (phr v)
garden (n) x Has David given up playing
gas (n) tennis?
x a gas cooker give way (phr v)
x to put some gas in the car (Am x You must give way to traffic at a
Eng) roundabout.
gate (n) glad (adj)
general (adj) glance (n & v)
generation (n) glass (n)
generous (adj) glasses (n pl)
gentle (adj) global warming (n)
gentleman (n) glove (n)
geography (n) go (v)
get (v) go for (phr v)
get along (with) (phr v) x He went for the job.
x How do you get along with x The dog went for the man.
Harry? go off (phr v)
get back (phr v) x They went off to Australia.
x When did you get back from New x Suddenly the lights went off.
York? go on (phr v)
get down (phr v) x The meeting went on until six
x Get down at once! o'clock.
x Did you get all the notes down? x What's going on?
get in (phr v) go out (phr v)
x Can you get in through the x The fire has gone out.
window? x Are you going out with Thomas
get off (phr v) tonight?
x We get off at the next stop. go with (phr v)
get on (phr v) x Your tie doesn't go with your
x Get your coat on and then we shirt.
can leave. goal (n)
x How are you getting on now? goat (n)
gold (adj & n)
golf (n) H
good (adj)
x The film was very good. habit (n)
x to be good at maths hair (n)
goodbye (exclam) haircut (n)
good-looking (adj) hairdresser (n)
goodnight (exclam) hairdryer (n)
goods (n pl) half (adj, adv & n)
govern (v) hall (n)
government (n) hallo/hello (exclam)
grade (n) hammer (n & v)
gram(me) (n) hand (n & v)
grammar (n) hand-held (adj)
grandchild (n) hand in (phr v)
grandad, granddad (n) x Please hand in the answer sheet
granddaughter (n) when you’ve finished.
grandfather (n) hand out (phr v)
grandma (n) x Hand out the books please, Tom.
grandmother (n) handbag (n)
grandpa (n) handkerchief (n)
grandparent (n) handle (n & v)
grandson (n) handsome (adj)
grant (n) handwriting (n)
x He was given a grant to study in hang (v)
Australia. (n) x to hang a picture
grape (n) hang up (phr v)
grass (n) x She hung up at the end of the
grateful (adj) phone call.
great (adj) happen (v)
green (adj) happy (adj)
greengrocer (n) harbour (n)
grey (adj) hard (adj & adv)
grill (n & v) hardly (adv)
grocer (n) x hardly any time
ground (adj & n) x He could hardly wait.
group (n & v) hat (n)
grow (v) hate (n & v)
grow up (phr v) have (v)
x Children grow up fast. have got (v)
guard (n & v) he (pron)
guess (n & v) head (n & v)
guest (n) x to hit one's head (n)
guest-house (n) x at the head of the company (n)
guide (n & v) x The child was sent to see the
guidebook (n) Head Teacher. (n)
guilty (adj) x to head a ball (v)
guitar (n) headache (n)
gum (n) headline (n)
x chewing gum health (n)
x sore gums hear (v)
gun (n) heart (n)
gym(nastics) (n) heat (n & v)
hedge (n)
heavy (adj)
height (n) hunger (n)
helicopter (n) hungry (adj)
hello/hallo (exclam) hurry (n & v)
helmet (n) hurt (adj & v)
help (n & v) husband (n)
her (adj & pron) hut (n)
here (adv) hydrofoil (n)
hero (n)
hers (pron)
herself (pron) I
hide (v)
high (adj & adv) I (pron)
hill (n) ice (n)
him (pron) ice cream (n)
himself (pron) ice hockey (n)
hire (v & n) idea (n)
x to hire a boat (v) identity (n)
x for hire (n) x identity (ID) card
his (adj & pron) if (conj)
historic (adj) ill (adj)
historical (adj) illness (n)
history (n) imagination (n)
hit (n & v) imagine (v)
x The song was a great hit. (n) immediate (adj)
x to hit the ball (v) immigration (n)
hitch-hike (v) import (v)
hobby (n) importance (n)
hockey (n) important (adj)
hold (v) impossible (adj)
hold up (phr v) improve (v)
x He was held up in the heavy in (adv & prep)
traffic for over two hours. in advance (prep phr)
hole (n) in any case (prep phr)
holiday (n) in case of (prep phr)
home (adv & n) x in case of fire
homework (n) x in case of delays
honest (adj) in danger (prep phr)
honey (n) in the end (prep phr)
hope (n & v) in fact (prep phr)
horrible (adj) in front of (prep phr)
horse (n) in half (prep phr)
hospital (n) in ink (prep phr)
hostel (n) in love (prep phr)
hot (adj) in order (prep phr)
hotel (n) in order to (prep phr)
in pencil (prep phr)
hour (n) in pieces (prep phr)
house (n) in place (prep phr)
housewife (n) in private (prep phr)
housework (n) in public (prep phr)
hovercraft (n) in stock (prep phr)
how (adv) in time (prep phr)
how much (adv) in turn (prep phr)
however (adv) in two (prep phr)
huge (adj) include (v)
human (adj & n) income (n)
incorrect (adj) island (n)
increase (n & v) issue (n)
indeed (adv) IT (Information Technology) (n)
independent (adj) it (pron)
index (n) item (n)
x the index of a book its (pron)
individual (adj & n) itself (pron)
indoor (adj)
indoors (adv)
industry (n)
J
influence (n & v)
inform (v) jacket (n)
information (n) jail (n) (Am Eng)
ingredients (n) (Br. Eng: prison)
inhabitant (n) jam (n)
initial (n) x strawberry jam
x His initials are J.B.H. x traffic jam
injure (v) jar (n)
ink (n) jazz (n)
inn (n) jealous (adj)
inquiry (n) jeans (n pl)
insect (n) jet (n)
inside (adv & prep) x to go by jet (plane)
insist (v) jewellery (n)
instance (n) job (n)
instead (adv) jog (v)
instead of (prep) x to go jogging
instruction(s) (n) join (v)
instrument (n) x The rivers join there.
x musical instrument x to join the army
insurance (n) x to join (in) a game
insure (v) joke (n & v)
intelligent (adj) journalism (n)
intend (v) journalist (n)
x to intend to do something journey (n)
interest (n & v) judge (n & v)
intermediate (adj) jug (n)
international (adj) juice (n)
internet (n) jump (n & v)
interpret (v) jury (n)
interrupt (v) just (adv)
interval (n)
x an interval in a play
interview (n & v) K
into (prep)
introduce (v) kangaroo (n)
introduction (n) keen (adj)
invade (v) x He's keen on cycling.
invasion (n) x to be keen to do something
invent (v) keep (v)
invention (n) keep in (phr v)
invitation (n) x She kept the children in as it was
invite (v) so cold.
involve (v) keep on (phr v)
iron (n & v) x He kept on talking.
keep up (phr v) later (adj & adv)
x Keep up the good work! latest (adj)
kettle (n) laugh (n & v)
key (n) laundry (n)
x key to a lock lavatory (n)
x key to success law (n)
keyboard (n) lawn (n)
x computer keyboard lawyer (n)
x keyboard music lay (v)
kick (n & v) lazy (adj)
kids (n pl) lead (v)
kilo(gram[me]) (kg) (n) x to lead someone by the hand
kilometre (km) (n) x Where does this road lead?
kill (v) leaf (n)
kind (adj & n) learn (v)
king (n) least (adj & adv)
kiosk (n) x the least amount (adj)
kiss (n & v) x at least (adv)
kitchen (n) leather (n)
kitten (n) leave (v)
knee (n) leave out (phr v)
kneel (v) x He left out several important
knife (n) facts.
knit (v) lecture (n & v)
knock (n & v) left (n, adj & adv)
knock down (phr v) leg (n)
x He was knocked down by the car leisure (n)
as he stepped into the road. lemon (n)
knock out (phr v) lemonade (n)
x The fall knocked him out. lend (v)
know (v) length (n)
knowledge (n) less (adj, adv & pron)
lesson (n)
let (v)
L x Let her do it.
x Let me think.
laboratory (lab) (n) x Let’s go out tonight.
labourer (n) letter (n)
lack (n & v) letter-box (n)
ladder (n) lettuce (n)
lady (n) level (adj & n)
lake (n) library (n)
lamb (n) licence (n)
lamp (n) x a driving/marriage/TV licence
land (n & v) lie (n & v)
landlady (n) life (n)
landlord (n) lift (n & v)
landscape (n) x Can you give me a lift, please?
language (n) (n)
laptop (computer) (n) x The lift is going up. (n)
large (adj) x Please help me to lift this table.
laser (n) (v)
last (adj, adv & v) light (adj, n & v)
late (adj) lighter (n)
lately (adv) x a cigarette lighter
lightning (n) lounge (n)
like (prep & v) love (n & v)
likely (adj) lovely (adj)
limit (n & v) low (adj & adv)
line (n) lower (v)
x a line on a page luck (n)
x a clothes line luggage (n)
x a railway line lump (n)
link (n) lunch (n)
x a link to a website lunchtime (n)
lion (n) lung (n)
lip (n) luxury (n)
lipstick (n)
liquid (n)
list (n)
M
listen (v)
literature (n) machine (n)
litre (n) mad (adj)
litter (n) Madam (n)
little (adj & pron) made of (adj)
live (v) magazine (n)
live (adj) magic (adj & n)
x live music/sport magnificent (adj)
lively (adj) mail (n & v)
living (adj) main (adj)
living room (n) majority (n)
load (n & v) make (v)
loaf (n) make-up (n)
loan (n) make sure (phr v)
local (adj) male (adj & n)
location (n) man (n)
lock (n & v) manage (v)
locker (n) x to manage a business
lonely (adj) x to manage to do something
long (adj) (succeed in)
look (n & v) manner (n)
look after (phr v) many (adj & pron)
x Who's looking after your baby map (n)
now? mark (n & v)
look forward to (phr v) market (n)
x I’m looking forward to the party! x to buy something from a market
look like (v) marriage (n)
x She looks like her sister. marry (v)
look out (phr v) master (n)
x Look out or you'll have an match (n & v)
accident. x a box of matches (n)
look up (phr v) x a tennis match (n)
x Look up the meaning of the word x This tie matches your shirt. (v)
in your dictionary. mate (n)
loose (adj) material (n)
lorry (n) mathematics/maths (n)
lose (v) matinée (n)
lost property office (n) matter (n & v)
lot (n) x Is anything the matter? (n)
loud (adj) x It doesn't matter. (v)
maximum (adj & n) miserable (adj)
maybe (adv) miss (n & v)
me (pron) Miss (n)
meal (n) mist (n)
mean (v) mistake (n)
x What do you mean? mix (v)
x What does it mean? mobile (phone) (n)
means (n) model (adj & n)
measure (v) x a model railway (adj)
mechanic (n) x It's cheap because it's last year's
meat (n) model. (n)
medicine (n) x She’s a fashion model. (n)
medium (adj) modern (adj)
meet (v) moment (n)
melon (n) money (n)
melt (v) monkey (n)
member (n) month (n)
membership (n) moon (n)
memory (n) more (adj, adv & pron)
x to have a good/poor memory morning (n)
x happy memories mosque (n)
x computer memory most (adj, adv & pron)
mend (v) mother (n)
mention (v) motor (n)
menu (n) motorbike (n)
merry (adj) motorcycle (n)
message (n) motor-racing (n)
metal (n) motorway (n)
method (n) mountain (n)
x modern methods of teaching mouse (n)
metre (m) (n) moustache (n)
microwave (n) mouth (n)
midday (n) move (v)
middle (adj & n) movie (n) (Am Eng)
midnight (n) movie theatre (Am Eng)
mild (adj) movie star (Am Eng)
mile (n) Mr (n)
milk (n) Mrs (n)
millimetre (mm) (n) Ms (n)
mind (n & v) much (adj, adv & pron)
x His mind was on other things. (n) mug (n)
x Would you mind if I called multiply (v)
tomorrow? (v) mum (n)
x I don’t mind (v) mummy (n)
x Mind your head! (v) murder (n & v)
x Who's minding the baby for you? museum (n)
(v) mushroom (n)
mine (pron) music (n)
mineral (adj) musical (adj & n)
mineral water (n) musician (n)
minimum (adj & n) mustard (n)
minister (n) my (adj)
x government minister myself (pron)
minute (n) mystery (n)
mirror (n)
nose (n)
N not (adv)
note (n & v)
nail (n) x to write a note (n)
x fingernail x a ten-pound note (n)
x hammer and nails x Please note. (v)
name (n & v) notebook (n)
narrow (adj) notepaper (n)
nasty (adj) nothing (pron)
national (adj) notice (n & v)
nationality (n) x to read a notice (n)
natural (adj) x until further notice (n)
nature (n) x Did you notice anything wrong?
x nature studies (v)
near (adv & prep) novel (n)
nearby (adj & adv) now (adv)
nearly (adv) nowadays (adv)
neat (adj) nowhere (adv)
necessary (adj) number (n)
neck (n) x numbers 5 to 7
need (v) x a large number of cars
needle (n) x What’s your (phone) number?
negative (adj) nurse (n & v)
neighbour (n) nut (n)
neighbourhood (n)
neither (pron)
nephew (n) O
nervous (adj)
x a nervous person object (n)
x to feel nervous obvious (adj)
net (n) occasion (n)
network (n) occasional (adj)
never (adv) occupation (n)
new (adj) ocean (n)
news (n) o’clock (adv)
newsagent (n) of (prep)
newspaper (n) of course (adv)
next (adj, adv & pron) off (adv & prep)
next to (prep) x It fell off the table. (prep)
nice (adj) x The meeting is off. (adv)
niece (n) x I’ve got the afternoon off. (adv)
night (n) offer (n & v)
nightclub (n) office (n)
no (adv) officer (n)
nobody (pron) often (adv)
noise (n) oh! (int)
none (pron) oh dear! (int)
nonsense (n) oil (n)
noon (n) OK/O.K./okay (adj)
no one (n) old (adj)
nor (conj) old-fashioned (adj)
normal (adj) online (adv & adj)
north (adj, adv & n) x to book/buy something online
northeast (adj & n) (adv)
northwest (adj & n) x an online facility (adj)
omelette (n) outside (adv, n & prep)
on (adv & prep) oven (n)
on board (prep phr) over (adv & prep)
on business (prep phr) x I’m going over the road. (adv)
on fire (prep phr) x over 40 people (more than) (adv)
on foot (prep phr) x to be over (finished) (adv)
on holiday (prep phr) x Several birds were flying over the
on loan (prep phr) roof of the school. (prep)
on purpose (prep phr) overnight (adj & adv)
on request (prep phr) overtake (v)
on sale (prep phr) owe (v)
on time (prep phr) own (adj & v)
once (adv) x my own pen (adj)
x once a year x to own a car (v)
x I once saw him dancing. owner (n)
one (n & pron)
oneself (pron)
one-way (adj) P
onion (n)
only (adj & adv) pack (n & v)
onto (prep) x an information pack (n)
open (adj & v) x to pack a case (v)
opening hours (n pl) packet (n)
opera (n) page (n)
operation (n) pain (n)
operate (v) paint (n & v)
operator (n) pair (n)
opinion (n) palace (n)
opportunity (n) pale (adj)
opposite (adj, n & prep) pan (n)
option (n) pants (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: trousers)
or (conj) paper (n)
orange (adj & n) x a sheet of paper
orchestra (n) x a (news)paper
order (conj, n & v) parcel (n)
x in order to (conj) pardon (n)
x to put something in order (n) x Pardon? I didn’t hear what you
x to order a meal (v) said.
ordinary (adj) parent (n)
organisation (n) park (n & v)
organise (v) x a public park (n)
original (adj) x to park a car (v)
other (adj & pron) parliament (n)
our (adj) part (n & v)
ours (pron) x a part of something (n)
ourselves (pron) x to part from someone (v)
out (adv) partly (adv)
out of (prep) particular (adj)
out of date (prep phr) partner (n)
out of doors (prep phr) part time (adv)
out of order (prep phr) part-time (adj)
out of stock (prep phr) party (n)
out of work (prep phr) x a birthday party
outdoor (adj) x a political party
outdoors (adv) pass (v)
x Several cars passed. photo (n)
x to pass the sugar photocopy (n)
x to pass an examination photograph (n)
passenger (n) photography (n)
passport (n) physician (n)
past (adj, n & prep) physics (n)
x the past few weeks. (adj) piano (n)
x in the past. (n) pick (v)
x It’s half past one. (prep) pick up (phr v)
pasta (n) x I picked up a pencil.
pastry (n) x I’ll pick up my sister from the
path (n) station.
patient (adj & n) picnic (n & v)
x to be patient (adj) picture (n)
x a hospital patient (n) pie (n)
pattern (n) piece (n)
pause (n & v) x a piece of cheese
pavement (n) x to break into small pieces
pay (n & v) x a piece of furniture/advice
pea (n) pig (n)
peace (n) pile (n)
peanut (n) pill (n)
pear (n) pillow (n)
pedestrian (n) pilot (n & v)
peel (n & v) pin (n & v)
pen (n) pink (adj & n)
pence (n pl) pipe (n)
pencil (n) pity (n)
pen-friend (n) pizza (n)
penknife (n) place (n & v)
penny (n) x a safe place (n)
pension (n) x I’ve lost my place in the book. (n)
people (n pl) x third place in a race (n)
pepper (n) x to place something on the table
x to pass the pepper (spice) (v)
x red peppers (vegetable) x London is a big place. (n)
per (prep) plain (adj)
per cent (n) x It’s plain to me. (clear)
perfect (adj) x a plain T-shirt (no design)
perform (v) plan (n & v)
performance (n) x a street plan (n)
perfume (n) x a plan to do something (n)
perhaps (adv) plane (n)
period (n) planet (n)
permanent (adj) plant (n & v)
permission (n) plastic (adj & n)
permitted (adj) plate (n)
person (n) platform (n)
personal (adj) play (n & v)
persuade (v) x a play at the theatre (n)
pet (n) x children playing (v)
petrol (n) x to play football (v)
petrol station (n) x to play the guitar (v)
pharmacy (n) x to play a record/cassette/CD (v)
phone (n & v)
x to play the part of someone (act) poster (n)
(v) postman (n)
player (n) pot (n)
playground (n) potato (n)
playing cards (n pl) pound (£) (n)
pleasant (adj) pour (v)
please (int & v) poverty (n)
x Come in, please. (int) powder (n)
x to please someone (v) power (n)
pleasure (n) practice (n)
plenty (pron) practise (v) (n = Am Eng)
plug (n) pray (v)
x a plug for the bath prayer (n)
x an electrical plug prefer (v)
plug in (phr v) preparation (n)
p.m. (adv) prepare (v)
pocket (n) prescription (n)
pocket money (n) x medicine on a prescription
poem (n) present (adj & n)
poet (n) x to be present (adj)
poetry (n) x at the present time (adj)
point (n & v) x That will be all for the present. (n)
x to point at something (v) x I got some lovely birthday
x The pencil has no point to it. (n) presents. (n)
police (n) presenter (n)
policeman (n) president (n)
police officer (n) press (v)
policewoman (n) x to press a button
police station (n) x to press a suit
polite (adj) pretty (adj)
political (adj) prevent (v)
politics (n) previous (adj)
politician (n) price (n)
pollution (n) priest (n)
pool (n) primary (adj)
x a swimming-pool x primary school
poor (adj) prime minister (n)
x She is very poor. (financial) prince (n)
x The poor man. (sympathy) princess (n)
pop (adj) principal (adj)
x pop song/music/star/group print (n & v)
popular (adj) x in large print (n)
population (n) x print a document (v)
port (n) x to print your name in capitals (v)
porter (n) prison (n)
position (n) prisoner (n)
positive (adj) private (adj)
possibility (n) prize (n)
possible (adj) probable (adj)
post (n & v) probably (adv)
x to post a letter (v) problem (n)
x to send it by post (n) produce (v)
post office (n) product (n)
postage (n) profession (n)
postcard (n) professional (adj & n)
professor (n) put up (phr v)
program(me) (n) x The company was forced to put
x TV programme up its prices.
x computer program pyjamas (n pl)
progress (n)
project (n)
promise (n & v)
Q
x to promise to do something (v)
x to keep a promise (n) qualification (n)
pronounce (v) qualify (v)
x to pronounce a word correctly quality (n)
pronunciation (n) quantity (n)
proper (adj) quarter (n)
property (n) quay (n)
protect (v) queen (n)
proud (adj) question (n)
prove (v) x to ask a question
provide (v) x the question being discussed
public (adj & n) (subject)
x public opinion (adj) questionnaire (n)
x to make something public (adj) queue (n & v)
x to be open to the public (n) quick (adj)
publish (v) quiet (adj)
pull (n & v) quit (v)
pullover (n) quite (adv)
pump (n) x quite pretty
x petrol/bike pump x quite certain
punctual (adj) quiz (n)
punish (v)
punishment (n)
pupil (n)
R
pure (adj)
purple (adj & n) rabbit (n)
purpose (n) race (n & v)
x He did it on purpose. x to win a race (n)
(deliberately) x to race against fast runners
purse (n) (compete) (v)
push (n & v) x to race home quickly (run) (v)
put (v) racket (n)
put away (phr v) x tennis racket
x He put the book away. radio (n)
put down (phr v) rail (n)
x She put her name down. x to go by rail
put off (phr v) railway (n)
x The meeting was put off until the rain (n & v)
following week. raincoat (n)
put on (phr v) rainforest (n)
x He put on a suit. raise (v)
x Can you put on the light? x to raise your arm
x He didn’t want to put on weight. x to raise prices
put out (phr v) range (n)
x The fire was quickly put out. rank (n)
put through (phr v) x a taxi rank
x Can you put me through to the rare (adj)
manager, please? rarely (adv)
rather (adv & prep) religion (n)
x rather earlier than usual (adv) remain (v)
x I’d prefer to drink water rather remember (v)
than fruit juice. (prep) remind (v)
raw (adj) remove (v)
x raw meat rent (n & v)
razor (n) repair (n & v)
reach (v) repeat (v)
read (v) replace (v)
ready (adj) reply (n & v)
real (adj) report (n & v)
realise (v) request (n & v)
x He realised it was true. require (v)
realistic (adj) rescue (n & v)
really (adv) research (n & v)
reason (n) reserve (n & v)
reasonable (adj) x She was a reserve for the team.
receipt (n) (n)
receive (v) x to reserve a seat (v)
recent (adj) reservation (n)
reception (n) respect (n & v)
recipe (n) responsible (adj)
recognise (v) rest (n & v)
recommend (v) x a rest from work (n)
x to recommend x the rest of them (n)
someone/something x The doctor told her to rest. (v)
record (n & v) restaurant (n)
x to keep a record (n) result (n)
x to break a record (n) retire (v)
x to record a song (v) return (n & v)
recording (n) x to return home (v)
recover (v) x a return (ticket) (n)
x to recover from an illness review (n & v)
red (adj & n) revise (v)
reduce (v) reward (n & v)
refreshments (n) rice (n)
refrigerator (n) rich (adj & n)
refund (n & v) ride (n & v)
refuse (v) right (adj, adv & n)
regarding (prep) x the right time (correct) (adj)
register (n & v) x the right person for the job
x He took the class register. (n) (suitable) (adj)
x He registered with a new doctor. x my right foot (adj)
(v) x Everything will be all right. (adj)
registration (n) x Go right there. (directly) (adv)
regret (n & v) x Fill it right to the top. (completely)
regular (adj) (adv)
relation (n) x the right to vote (n)
x to visit a relation ring (n & v)
relationship (n) x stand in a ring (n)
relative (n) x a wedding ring (n)
x a relative came to stay x Give me a ring tomorrow.
relax (v) (phone) (n)
relaxation (n) x Suddenly the bell rang. (v)
reliable (adj) ring back (phr v)
ring off (phr v)
ring up (phr v) S
ripe (adj)
rise (v) sad (adj)
x The sun rises in the East. safe (adj)
x Prices are rising. x to be safe from harm
river (n) safety (n)
road (n) sail (n & v)
roast (adj & v) salad (n)
rob (v) salary (n)
robbery (n) sale (n)
rock (n) salesman/saleswoman (n)
x rock (music) (n) salt (n)
x a hard piece of rock (n) same (adj & pron)
role (n) sand (n)
roll (n & v) sandwich (n)
x a roll of film (n) satisfactory (adj)
x a bread roll (n) satisfied (adj)
x to roll into a ball (v) saucer (n)
roof (n) sausage (n)
room (n) save (v)
x the sitting room x to save someone
x There’s lots of room in here. x to save money
rose (n) x to save time
rough (adj) say (v)
x a rough road x to say something to someone
x a rough idea x I really can’t say. (give an
x rough work opinion)
round (adj, adv & prep) scene (n)
x a round object (adj) scenery (n)
x the wrong way round (adv) school (n)
x to sit round a table (prep) science (n)
roundabout (n) science fiction (n)
route (n) scientific (adj)
row (n) scientist (n)
x a row of seats scissors (n)
rubber (adj & n) scooter (n)
score (n & v)
x rubber tyres (adj)
x The score was 3-0. (n)
x a rubber (eraser) (n)
x to score a goal (v)
rubbish (n)
scream (n & v)
rude (adj)
screen (n)
rugby (n)
sculpture (n)
ruin (n)
sea (n)
rule (n & v)
search (n & v)
x the rules of grammar (n)
seaside (n)
x to rule a country (v)
season (n)
ruler (n)
seat (n)
x draw a line using a ruler
seat belt (n)
run (v)
second (adj & n)
x to run in a race
x to be second in the race (adj)
x to run a business
x sixty seconds in a minute (n)
run out of (phr v)
secondary (adj)
x He ran out of time and didn’t
x secondary school
finish.
secret (adj & n)
secretary (n) x a sharp knife
security (n) x a sharp corner
see (v) x a sharp picture
x to see something (with the eyes) shave (n & v)
x to see the joke (understand) she (pron)
x to see someone about a problem sheep (n)
(consult) sheet (n)
seem (v) x sheets on a bed
seldom (adv) x a sheet of paper
select (v) x information sheet
self-service (adj) shelf (n)
sell (v) shine (v)
send (v) ship (n)
sensible (adj) shirt (n)
sentence (n) shock (n & v)
x words in a sentence x to suffer from shock (n)
separate (adj & v) x The film shocked me. (v)
series (n) shoe (n)
x a TV series shoot (v)
serious (adj) x to shoot at the goal
x a serious person shop (n & v)
x a serious illness shop assistant (n)
servant (n) shopkeeper (n)
serve (v) shore (n)
x to serve in a shop short (adj)
service (n) shorts (n pl)
x a bus service x a pair of shorts
x customer service shoulder (n)
session (n) shout (n & v)
x in a school, gym show (n & v)
set (v) x a film show (n)
set free (phr v) x Show it to me. (v)
set off (phr v) x The picture shows a village. (v)
x She set off early for work. x It shows that they care. (v)
set out (phr v) shower (n)
x They set out on the long journey. x a shower of rain
set up (phr v) x to have a shower
x Her mother helped her to set up shut (adj & v)
in business. shy (adj)
several (adj) sick (adj)
sew (v) side (n)
sex (n) sight (n)
x the male/female sex x Her sight is better with glasses.
sh! (int) x in sight, out of sight
shade (n) sightseeing (n)
x to sit in the shade sign (n & v)
shadow (n) x a road sign (n)
shake (n & v) x to sign a document (v)
shallow (adj) x no sign of life (n)
shame (n) x signs of winter (n)
shampoo (n) signal (n & v)
shape (n) signature (n)
share (n & v) signpost (n)
shark (n) silence (n)
sharp (adj) silent (adj)
silk (adj & n) snowboard (n)
silly (adj) snowboard (v)
silver (adj & n) snowman (n)
similar (adj) snowstorm (n)
simple (adj) so (adv & conj)
since (conj & prep) so-so (adj)
sincerely (adv) soap (n)
x Yours sincerely social (adj)
sing (v) society (n)
single (n & adj) sock (n)
x a single (ticket) to Cambridge (n) sofa (n)
x to be single (unmarried) (adj) soft (adj)
x a single room (adj) x a soft material
sink (n & v) x a soft drink
x a kitchen sink (n) software (n)
x The ship began to sink. (v) soil (n)
Sir (n) soldier (n)
sister (n) solid (adj)
sit (v) some (adj & adv)
site (n) somebody (pron)
sitting room (n) someone (pron)
situated (adj) something (pron)
situation (n) sometimes (adv)
size (n) somewhere (adv)
skateboard (v) son (n)
ski (n & v) song (n)
skill (n) soon (adv)
skilled (adj) x I’ll come soon.
skin (n) x as soon as I can
skirt (n) sore (adj)
sky (n) sorry (adj)
sleep (n & v) sort (n)
sleeve (n) x the same sort
slice (n) sort out (phr v)
slim (adj) x We need to sort out this problem.
slip (v) sound (n & v)
x to slip on the ice x the sound of music (n)
slope (n) x It sounds like/as if (v)
x mountain/ski slope soup (n)
slow (adj) sour (adj)
small (adj) x a sour taste
smart (adj) south (adj & adv, n)
x a smart idea (Am Eng) southeast (adj & n)
x smart clothes southwest (adj, adv & n)
smell (n & v) souvenir (n)
smile (n & v) space (n)
smoke (n & v) x a parking space
smooth (adj) x write in the spaces
x a smooth surface (level) x not enough space
x a smooth ride in the new car x outer space
(comfortable) spade (n)
snack (n) spare (adj & v)
snake (n) x spare cash, spare time (adj)
snow (n & v) x to spare the time (v)
snowball (n) speak (v)
special (adj) step (n)
speech (n) x two steps forward (n)
speed (n) x to climb the steps (n)
spell (v) stick (n & v)
spend (v) x a walking stick (n)
x to spend money/time x to stick two things together (v)
spill (v) sticky (adj)
spinach (n) stiff (adj)
spite (n) still (adv)
x in spite of x Sit still. (adv)
spoil (v) x She’s still here. (adv)
spoon (n) stir (v)
sport (n) stomach (n)
spot (n) stone (n)
spy (n & v) x a large stone
square (adj & n) x a stone bridge
x a square room (adj) stop (n & v)
x a market square (n) x a bus stop (n)
squash (n) x The car stopped. (v)
stadium (n) x It’s stopped raining. (v)
staff (n) x The rain stopped me from going
stage (n) out. (v)
x to perform on a stage store (n & v)
stain (n & v) x a department store (n)
stairs (n pl) x to store things in a cupboard (v)
stall (n) storm (n)
x market stall story (n)
stamp (n) straight (adj & adv)
x a postage stamp x to go straight on (adv)
standard (n) x a straight road (adj)
star (n) strange (adj)
x stars in the sky (n) stranger (n)
x a film star (n) strawberry (n)
start (n & v) stream (n)
x a good start (n) street (n)
x to start a race (v) stress (n & v)
state (adj & n) x to stress the importance of
x a state school something (v)
statement (n) x He didn’t want the stress of a
station (n) new job. (n)
x a bus/fire/radio station strict (adj)
statue (n) strike (n & v)
stay (n & v) x to go on strike (n)
x to stay to dinner (v) x to strike something (v)
x to stay with friends (v) strong (adj)
x to stay looking young (v) student (n)
x a two-night stay (n) studio (n)
stay behind (phr v) x TV/artists/recording studio
x She stayed behind after the study (n & v)
lesson to speak to the teacher. x to study physics (v)
steak (n) x to study the map (v)
steal (v) x Social Studies (n)
steam (n) stupid (adj)
steel (n) style (n)
steep (adj) subject (n)
x the subject of a discussion switch (n & v)
x the subject of a sentence x light switch (n)
x a school subject x to switch on a machine (v)
subtract (v) system (n)
subway (n)
x New York subway (Am Eng) (Br
Eng: underground)
T
succeed (v)
success (n) table (n)
such (adj) table-cloth (n)
sudden (adj) table-tennis (n)
sugar (n) tablet (n)
suggest (v) take (v)
suit (n) x to take someone’s hand
x to wear a suit x to take someone’s things (steal/
suitable (adj) borrow)
suitcase (n) x to take a photo
sum (n) x to take a long time
sum up (v) x to take a holiday
sun (n) take away (phr v)
sunbathe (v) x Take 15 away from 78.
sunlight (n) take off (phr v)
sunrise (n) x Do you want to take off your
sunset (n) coat?
sunshine (n) x The plane takes off at 6.
supermarket (n) take part (in) (phr v)
supply (v) x Everybody took part in the
support (v) meeting.
x to support a weight take place (phr v)
x to support a team x The meeting took place at six.
suppose (v) take up (phr v)
x I suppose it’s true. x He decided to take up a new
x You aren’t supposed to drive hobby.
fast. talent (n)
x It’s supposed to be a good film. talk (n & v)
sure (adj) tall (adj)
x I’m sure you’re right. tap (n)
x to make sure x a cold-water tap (n)
surfing (n) tape (adj, n & v)
surname (n) x a tape recorder (adj)
surprise (n & v) x a cassette tape (n)
sweater (n) x to tape a conversation (v)
sweatshirt (n) taste (n & v)
sweep (v) x to have good taste (n)
x to sweep the floor x to taste food (v)
sweet (adj & n) x It tastes good. (v)
x sweet food (adj) tax (n & v)
x a sweet face (adj) taxi (n)
x a sweet smell (adj) tea (n)
x to eat a sweet (n) teach (v)
swim (n & v) team (n)
swimming costume (n) tear (n)
swing (n & v) x Tears ran down her cheeks.
x to play on a swing tear (v)
x to swing backwards and forwards x to tear a piece of paper
technique (n) thriller (n)
technology (n) throat (n)
teenage (n) through (prep)
telegram (n) throughout (prep)
telephone (n & v) throw (v)
television (TV) (n) throw away (phr v)
tell (v) x He threw away the old TV.
x to tell a story thumb (n)
x to tell someone something thunder (n)
x to tell someone to do something thunderstorm (n)
x you can’t always tell tick (n & v)
temperature (n) ticket (n)
x to have a temperature tidy (adj & v)
x air temperature tidy up (phr v)
temporary (adj) x Please tidy up when you’ve
tennis (n) finished.
tent (n) tie (n & v)
term (n) x a shirt and tie (n)
terminal (n) x to tie with string (v)
terrible (adj) tiger (n)
test (n & v) tight (adj)
text (n) x tight shoes
than (conj) tights (n pl)
thank (v) x a pair of tights
thank you (int) till (conj & prep)
thanks (n) x to wait till the end (prep)
theft (n) x up till 1990 (conj)
their (adj) time (n)
theirs (pron) x What time is it?
them (pron) x It took a long time.
themselves (pron) x the last time
then (adv) x Is it time yet?
there (adv & pron) x Four times five is twenty.
therefore (adv) timetable (n)
thermometer (n) tin (n)
these (adj & pron) x a tin of peas
they (pron) x made of tin
thick (adj) tin-opener (n)
thief (n) tiny (adj)
thin (adj) tip (n)
thing (n) x the tip of the pencil
think (v) x a tip for the waitress
x to think about something tired (adj)
x I think he’s left. title (n)
x What did you think of the film? to (prep)
x I think I’ll go. toast (n)
x I’m thinking of going. x toast for breakfast
thirst (n) today (adv & n)
this (adj & pron) toe (n)
those (adj & pron) together (adv)
though (conj) toilet (n)
thought (n) tomato (n)
x to have thoughts about tomorrow (adv & n)
something ton(ne) (n)
x to be deep in thought tongue (n)
tonight (adv & n) x to trust someone
too (adv) truth (n)
x I’ve been there, too. try (v)
x It’s too heavy to lift. x to try to do something
tool (n) x to try (out) something
tooth/teeth (n) try on (v)
toothache (n) x to try on shoes
toothbrush (n) T-shirt (n)
toothpaste (n) tube (n)
top (n) x a tube of toothpaste
x top of the class tune (n)
x at the top of his voice tunnel (n)
topic (n) turkey (n)
total (adj & n) turn (n & v)
touch (v) x to turn your head (v)
tour (n & v) x to turn the page (v)
tourism (n) x It’s my turn. (n)
tourist (n) x The wheels began to turn. (v)
toward(s) (prep) turn down (phr v)
towel (n) x Could you turn down the music?
tower (n) turn into (phr v)
town (n) x The water had turned into ice.
toy (n) turn off (phr v)
track (n) x She turned off the engine,
x a race track turn on (phr v)
track suit (n) x Can you turn on the TV?
trade (n) turn out (phr v)
traditional (adj) x He turned out the lights.
traffic (n) turn up (phr v)
traffic light(s) (n) x Turn up the radio - I can hardly
traffic jam (n) hear it.
train (n & v) turning (n)
x to travel by train x the first turning on the left
x to train in a skill twice (adv)
trainers (n pl) twin (n)
x a pair of trainers type (n & v)
tram (n) x a type of person (n)
transfer (v) x to type a letter (v)
translate (v) typical (adj)
translation (n) tyre (n)
transport (n & v)
travel (v)
travel agent (n) U
traveller’s cheque (n)
tree (n) ugly (adj)
trip (n) umbrella (n)
x a weekend trip unable (adj)
trouble (n) uncle (n)
trousers (n pl) under (prep)
truck (Am Eng) (Br Eng: lorry) x under the bed
true (adj) x under £10.00
x Is it true? underground (adj & n)
x a true friend x underground trains (adj)
trumpet (n) x to travel by underground (n)
trust (v) underpants (n)
understand (v) village (n)
uniform (n) violin (n)
universe (n) visa (n)
university (n) visit (n & v)
unleaded (adj) visitor (n)
unless (conj) vocabulary (n)
until (prep) voice (n)
up (adv & prep) volleyball (n)
x to walk up the hill (prep) vote (n & v)
x Are you up yet? (awake and voyage (n)
dressed) (adv)
x Lift your head up. (adv)
x Speak up, please. (adv)
W
up to (prep phr)
x up to six people wage(s) (n)
up to date (prep phr) wait (n & v)
update (n & v) waiter (n)
upon (prep) waiting-room (n)
upset (adj) waitress (n)
upstairs (adv) wake (up) (v)
urgent (adj) walk (n & v)
us (pron) wall (n)
use (n & v) wallet (n)
x Can you use a computer? (v) want (v)
x It’s for the use of teachers only. war (n)
(n) ward (n)
x Is this any use to you? (n) warm (adj)
used to (v) warn (v)
x I used to cycle a lot when I was wash (n & v)
younger. wash-basin (n)
usual (adj) wash up (v)
washing machine (n)
washing up (n)
V x to do the washing up
waste (adj & v)
valley (n) wastepaper basket (n)
value (n) watch (n & v)
van (n) x My watch keeps good time. (n)
vanilla (n) x I watched TV last night. (v)
variety (n) water (n & v)
various (adj) waterfall (n)
vase (n) wave (n & v)
veal (n) x waves at sea
vegetable (n & adj) x to wave goodbye
vegetarian (n & adj) way (n)
vehicle (n) x Is this the way?
very (adv) x the wrong way
venue (n) x a long way
victim (n) x to stand in the way
victory (n) x That’s the way to do it.
video (n & v) x way of life
video recorder (n) x way in, way out
videotape (n) WC (n)
view (n) we (pron)
x a beautiful view weak (adj)
x to feel weak whole (adj & n)
x a weak excuse whose (pron)
wear (v) why (adv)
x to wear a dress wide (adj & adv)
wear off (phr v) x a wide road (adj)
x Has the pain worn off yet? x with his mouth wide open (adv)
wear out (phr v & adj) x to feel wide awake (adv)
x You’ll wear out those shoes. width (n)
weather (n) wife (n)
web (n) wild (adj)
website (n) wildlife (n)
wedding (n) win (n & v)
week (n) wind (n)
weekday (n) x A strong wind was blowing. (n)
weekend (n) wind (v)
weekly (adj & adv) x Wind up the car windows. (v)
x a weekly magazine (adj) window (n)
x to phone home twice weekly windscreen (n)
(adv) windsurfing (n)
weigh (v) wing (n)
weight (n) x a bird’s wing
welcome (n & v) x the wing of an aeroplane
x a warm welcome (n) wire (n)
x Welcome to London! (v) x an electrical wire
welfare (n) x a wire fence
well (adj, adv & int) wise (adj)
x I’m very well, thanks. (adj) wish (n & v)
x to behave very well (adv) with (prep)
x Shake the bottle well. (adv) within (adv & prep)
x Well, here we are. (int) without (prep)
Well done! (int) witness (n & v)
well known (adv) woman (n)
well-known (adj) wonder (v)
well made (adv) x I wonder what he said.
well-made (adj) wonderful (adj)
west (adj, adv & n) wood (n)
wet (adj) x to be made of wood
x wet clothes x in a large wood
x wet weather wooden (adj)
whale (n) wool (n)
what (pron) word (n)
whatever (pron & det) x words in a sentence
wheel (n & v) x He didn’t say a word.
wheelchair (n) work (n & v)
when (adv) x school work (n)
whenever (adv & conj) x to work for a living (v)
where (adv) x hard work (n)
wherever (adv & conj) x to be out of work (n)
whether (conj) working hours (n pl)
which (pron) world (n)
whichever (pron & det) worry (n & v)
while, whilst (conj) worse (adj)
white (adj) worst (adj)
who, whom (pron) worth (adj)
whoever (pron) wound (n & v)
wrap (up) (v)
x to wrap (up) a parcel
write (v)
write out (phr v)
x Please write out your name in full.
wrong (adj)
Y
year (n)
yearly (adj & adv)
yellow (adj)
yes (int)
yesterday (adv & n)
yet (adv)
you (pron)
you know (int)
young (adj & n)
your (adj)
yours (pron)
yourself (pron)
youth (n)
Z
zebra (n)
zero (n)
zone (n)
zoo (n)
Appendix 1
Word sets
In addition to the words in the alphabetical list, PET candidates are expected to know:
Cardinal numbers
one, two, three, etc.
Ordinal numbers
first, second, third, fourth, etc.
Continents
Africa, North America, South America, Asia, Antarctica, Europe.
Appendix 2
Affixes
The words in the alphabetical list may be extended by the use of one or more of these affixes:
Topic Lists
Weather
Education
Colours
Buildings
Places: Countryside
Shopping
Environment
Language