CRSI MANUAL OF STANDARD PRACTICE 27th Ed PDF

Sane PRINTING cee enn ene! eines Pees MANUAL Chae STANDAR wel ae ity gees Pie) by sear}ASTM STANDARD INCH-POUND REINFORCING BARS NOMINAL DIMENSIONS BAR SIZE DESIGNATION AREA WEIGHT DIAMETER (in2) (Ib/ft) (in) #3 =| 0.11 0.376 | 0.375 #4 =| 0.20 | 0.668 | 0.500 #5 | 0.31 1.043 | 0.625 #6 | 0.44 | 1.502 | 0.750 #7 | 0.60 | 2.044 | 0.875 #8 | 0.79 | 2.670 | 1.000 #9 1.00 | 3.400 | 1.128 #10 1.27 | 4.303 | 1.270 #11 1.56 | 5.313 | 1.410 #14 | 2.25 | 7.65 1.693 La18 4.00 [13.60 2.257 The current A615 specification covers bi SB a bal #18 i n Grid 60, a ind bar seit ms 7 and H18 in Gra ee. The current A706 spec also S #14 and# #9 thro Ugh #16 not ink cluded in the S ABSS ene oie ationMANUAL OF STANDARD PRACTICE 27th Edition, 2001 Second Printing, 2008 Prepared under the Direction of the CRSI Committee on Engineering Practice by y the Committee on Manual of Standard Practice David F Horton, Chairman (Barker Stee! Company, Inc.) Robert Orcutt Vice-Chairman (Rio Grande Rebar Services Di.) Stanley D. Agee, Secretary (PIERESEARCH) Derrell E. Bain (Dayton/Richmond) Gharles H. Beutnagel (Capitol Gity Steel Company, Inc.) Carlos A. Bonacich (The Lofland Company of New Mexico) ‘Steve Brown (Dayton/Richmond) Lee Buchholz (Ambassador Steel Corporation) Larry Campbell (Rebar Services & Supply Co.) James A. Carr (RESCO Steel Products Corporation) Jan Chambers (CADS) Larry Ciarkowski (The Lofland Company) Steve Collar (Viking Steel, Inc.) Charles Davidson (Rockford Fabricators, Inc.) Lnis D. Del Rosario (TAMCO) John R, Deubert (Fox-Howlett Industries) Gustav G. Erlemann (Consultant) Ronald D. Flach (Titusville Fabricators, Inc.) Dennis J. Fontenot (Capitol City Steel Company, Inc.) David A. Grundler Jr. (Applied Systems Associates, Inc.) Jimmy D. Hahs (East Tennessee State University) Jay A. Hetheringeon (Seruceural Metals, Inc.) Dennis L. Hunter (AmeriSteel) Blake Inwin (The Lofland Company) Dale Jordan (Free State Steel, Inc.) Mike Kozacek (Potter Form & Tie Co.) Harry B. Lancelot Ill (Dayton/Richmond) Marvy E. Lancial (Aztec) ‘Wayne Lewis (Amber Steel Company) Ron Malo (Dominion Rebar Company) Ron McCleary (Ambassador Stee! Corporation} Peter Meza (PM Consulting) Brett Moran (Cargill Steel & Wire) Eli Nabors (Dalco Industries, Inc.) Mark D. Newman (CoMet Steel, Inc.) Paul L. Nims (Structural Metals, Inc.) Ray Nix (F J. Folz Co., Inc.) Steve Noll (Contractors Steel Corporation) John R. Paine Jr. (Dayton/Richmond) “Taylor K, Ranker (Teton Steel) Roy H. Reiterman (Wire Reinforcement Institute) Scott Richardson (SMI Rebar-North Carolina) Greg Rohm (SMI Rebar-Virginia) ‘Thomas G, Schmaltz (Precision ReBar & Accessories, Inc.) B. Scott Striebinger (Eastern Steel Constructors, Inc.) John J. Tekus (Akron Rebar Company) Thomas Terry (CoMet Steel, Inc.) Dale Thomas (SMI Rebar-South Carolina) Johnnie B. Thompson (Rebar Services & Supply Co.) David Vout (CADS-USA, Inc.) Anthony L. Felder, Editor (Conerete Reinforcing Steel Institute) FOREWORD ‘The recommendations in this Manual concerning the selection and use of reinforcing materials should not be substituted for the judgment of an experienced Architect/Engineer as to the best way of achieving specific design requirements. ‘This Manual, first published in 1939, was prepared and periodically revised by the Engineering Practice Committee of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Recommendations based upon their nationwide compos- ite experience are presented here as a guide to reinforcing materials available and industry practices of estimating, detailing, fabricating, placing and contracting for reinforcing materials. To —_ facilitate the Architecv/Engineer's function, and to ensure an accurate interpretation of the requirements, it is suggested «hat the recommended industry practices herein be included by reference in the project drawings or project specifications. In the absence of specifications to the contrary, itis intended that these recommended industry practices govern the interpretation of contracts entered into between the Buyer and Seller of reinforcing steel and related materials, The Institue believes that use of these recommendations from design through construction will produce maxiraum economy in the final reinforced concrete structure to the benefit of all concerned. ‘This Manual should serve a twofold purpose: 1) Todelineate as precisely as possible the industry practices for reinforcing steel. 2) To provide a convenient reference source for the Architect/Engineer, the Inspector, the Detailer and Fabricator. In this Manual, the terms “ACI Building Code,” “ACI 818," “ACI Code,” etc., refer to “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI $18.99)" as issued by the American Concrete Institute PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ‘This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (©2001~-Conerate Reinlorcing Steal ntoMANUAL OF STANDARD PRACTICE Inch-Pound and Metric Units This 27 edition of che Manual includes, for the first time, metri¢ units in conjunction with inch-pound units. Inch-pound units in the text and. tables are followed by metric units enclosed within brackets. Soft Metric Reinforcing Bars tis important for users of this Manual to be aware of ‘current industry practice regarding soft metric reinfore- ing bars. The term “soft metric” is used in the context of bar sizes and bar size designations. “Soft metric conversion” means describing the nominal dimensions of inch- pound reinforcing bars in mewic waits, but not physically changing the bar sizes. In 1997, producers of reinforcing bars (the steel mills) began to phase in the production of soft metric bars. Within a few years, the shift to exclusive production of soft metric reinforcing bars was essentially achieved. Virwally all reinforcing bars currently produced and used in the USA are soft metric. ‘The steel mills’ initiative of soft metric conversion enables the industry to furnish the same reinforcing bars to inch-pound construction projects as well as to metric construction projects, and eliminates the need for the steel mills and fabricators to maintain 2 dual inventory ‘Thus, USA-produced reinforcing bars furnished to any construction project most likely will be sof: metric Designations of Bar Sizes. The sizes of soft metric reinforcing bars are physically the same as the corresponding. sizes of inch-pound bars. Soft metric bar sizes, which are designated #10, #15, #16, and 30 on, correspond to inch-pound bar sizes #3, #4, #5, and so on. The metric bar designations are simply a re-labeling of the inch- pound bar designations. The following table shows the one-to-one correspondence of the soft metric bar sizes to the inch-pound bar sizes. Soft Metric Bar Sizes vs. Inch-Pound Bar Sizes Soft Metric Bar Inch-Pound Bar Size Designation Size Designation #10 #3 #13, #4 #18 a #19 #6 #22 #7 a5 #8 #29 #9 #32 #10 #36 #11 #3 #4 #57 a Minimum Yield Strengths or Grades. Virtually all steel mills in the USA are currently producing reinforcing bars, to meet the metric requirements of the ASTM specifications. Minimum yield strengths in metric units are 300, 350, 420 and 520 MPa (megapascals), which are equivalent to 40,000, 50,000, 60,000 and 75,000 psi, respectively. Metric Grade 420 is the counterpart of standard Grade 60. Bar Marking. Soft metric reinforcing bars are required to be identified with the Producer's mili designation, bar size, type of steel, and minimum yield strength or grade. For example, consider the marking requirements for a #25, Grade 420 metric bar, which is the counterpart of an inch- pound #8, Grade 60 bat. Regarding the bar size and grade, the ASTM specifications require the number “25” to be rolled onto the surface of the metric bar 10 indicate its size. For identifying or designating the yield strength or grade, the ASTM specifications provide an option, A mill can choose to roll a "4" (the first digit im the grade number) onto the bar, or roll an additional longitudinal rib or grade line to indicate Grade 420, Chapter 1 in this Manual indludes a detailed presenta- tion of the inch-pound and metric requirements in the ASTM specifications for reinforcing bars. Appendix A shows the bar marks used by USA producers to identify Grade 420 soft metric bars. More information about soft metric reinforcing bars is given in Engineering Data Report No. 42, “Using Soft Metric Reinforcing Bars in Non-Metric Construction Projects”. EDR No. 42 can be found on CRSI's Website at wwwersiorg, Users of this Manual are also encouraged to visit the CRSI Website for: * Descriptions of CRSI publ ordering information ions and sofware, and + Institute documents available for downloading ‘Teclmnical information on epoxy-coated reinforcing bars ‘Technical information on continuously reinforced concrete pavement Membership in CRSI and member web links General information on the CRSI Foundation + Informa jon on the CRS] Design Awards compernion aTABLE OF CONTENTS a AES PAGES CHAPTER 1—MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCING BARS 1-1 to 1-5 11. Introduction ........... S09 oases Fo : 1.2. Reinforcing Bars... 000s ssseccsvveeeee ses 1.8. ACT Building Code—Requirements for Reinforcing Bars . 1.4, Coated Reinforcing Bars for Corrosion Protection 1.5. Spiral Reinforcement ...... 1.6, Welding of Reinforcing Bars 1.7. Identification Marks—ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars . CHAPTER 2—WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) 2.1. Introduction . 2.2. ASTM Specifications 2.8. Style Identification . . : 2.4. Specifying Welded Wire Fabric 2.5. Detailing Welded Wire Fabric a 2.6. ASTM Specification for Epoxy-Coated Wire and Welded Wire Fabric 2.7. Handling, Shipping and Unloading Welded Wire Fabric CHAPTER 3—BAR SUPPORTS 3.1. Introduction . 3.2. Wire Bar Supports. . : 3.3. Precast Concrete Bar Support 4, AllsPlastic Bar Supports . Side-Form Spacers. Recommendations for Bar Supports for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars Placing Bar Supports . . : . One-Way Solid Slabs Joists 3-10 Beams and Girders - - 3-10 * Sequence of Placing Bar Supports and Reinforcing Bars in Two-Way Flat Plate. .... 3-1] 2. Sequence of Placing Bar Supports and Reinforcing Bars in Two-Way Flat Slab... . . 3-12 Sequence of Placing Bar Supports and Reinforcing Bars in ‘Two-Way Waffle Flat Slab 3-13 . Bar Supports for Special Conditions nase 1 Pgs 9 poe «el . Bar Supports for Highway Bridge Slab Reinforcement . 44 Bremen cere» ETBTABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 4—NOTES TO ARCHITECT/ENGINEER 4-1 0 4-11 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Recommended Industry Practices . 4.3. Sizes of Reinforcing Bars and Spirals... . : 44. Grade or Minimum Yield Strength Designation ... 4.5. Standard Notation . . 1 eax 4.6, Project Drawings... Length of Reinforcing Bars. Beams and Girders ). Joist Construction . en ). Flat Plates and Flat Slabs. - bes enw « Post:Tensioned Beams and Slabs . . Falsework and Form Reuse . . . Columns... Structural Integrity . . Splices . . Designing with Coated Reinforcing Bars . Project Specifications Provisions for Coated Reinforcing Bars . Fabrication of Reinforcing Bars. Placing Drawings. ....... . Special Services and Items Field Cutting of Reinforcing Bars Suggested Specifications for Reinforcing Steel 43 45 45 CHAPTER 5—RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR ESTIMATING REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES 5-1 to 5-6 Introduction: Scope .. General. . Fabrication EXAS cess seeeceecnee seen Radial Prefabrication (Bend Type 9) . Standard Hooks efi» . Splicing of Bars. . Bar Dimensions Spiral Reinforcement and Spacers. ‘ ‘Temperature-Shrinkage Reinforcement. . .. Slab, Wall, or Footing Bar Spacing . Joists Adjoining Beams or Walls Corner Bars . Bar Supports. Side-Form Spacers. : ¢ . Welded Plain or Deformed Wire Fabric. - . Post-Tensioned Construction . or gr gr argon NOG eSTABLE OF CONTENTS ER 0 PAGES " CHAPTER 6—RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR DETAILING REINFORCING MATERIALS 6-1 to 6-7 6-1 6-1 6-1 6.1, Introduction ............ 6.2. Technical Service by Seller . 6.3. Performance—Placing Drawings . ~ 6, Miscellaneous Detailing Practices . . . 6-1 6.5. Overall Diameter of Bars + 6-2 Standard Hooks . 65 6.6. Reinforcing Bars for Masonry Construction 6-6 CHAPTER 7—RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF " REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES 7-1 to78 . 7.1. Introduction . ai a + . « * rer Th i | 7.2. Quality and Inspection . : nenneen ies temas TH 7.3. Bending . 7A. Standard Bundling and Tagging . 7.5. Special Bundling and Tagging . 7.6. Standard Fabrication... ; 7.7. Special Fabrication , 7.8. Radial Prefabrication. 79. Spirals....... a“ 7.10. Loading Limits : 7.11. Extra Work or Materials . . 7.12. Special Services... 7.13. Special Items. ‘CHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR PLACING REINFORCING BARS 8-1 to 8-4 8.1. Introduction 81 82. General...... a - 81 8.3. Surface Condition of ‘Reini forcing Bars eee 8.1 8.4. Field Bending of Reinforcing Bars 81 Spacing of Reinforcing Bars 1 . Splices in Reinforcing Bars . . - 8-1 Embedment and Extensions 8-2 8.8. Tolerances in Placement 8-2 8.9. Bar Supports Fine re wens beeeeeeee ees jaan #8 ag 82 8.10. Concrete Protection for Reinforcing Bars - 8.11. Field Cutting of Reinforcing Bars . 82 a4TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES CHAPTER 9—RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONTRACT COMPONENTS 9-1 to 9-5 9.1, Preface . : 2.91 9.2. Material Supply Contract ..... goose iP teats soca 9-1 9.3. Material Supply and Installation Contract....00 000 ss cece eee OB: CHAPTER 10—RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE JOIST CONSTRUCTION 10-1 to 10-4 10.1. Introduction ....... 0.0. ee eee ee reece + 10-1 10.8., Designs... esis si eie 210-1 10.3. Recommended Industry Practice. . - 10-1 APPENDICES A. US. Manufacturers of Grade 60 [420] Concrete Reinforcing Bars....... tas a «wate ¥e8 ee 6 eee cess Ae] to AB B. Simplified Practice Recommendation—Steel Spirals for Reinforced Concrete Columns. ........ B-l to B-2 C. Recommendations for Spacings of Bars in Slabs, Walls, or Footings. ....... + C-1 to G-4 D. Notes on Metrication. .....6....20 005 cone vse vee Vegeey y's p ODL te DS E. References....... G9 15 SGRD A Ete oe scones nett 4 8 noemn SO El to E2 F. Corporate Members of the Concrete Reinforcing Stee! Institute . .-Fl to FS -iv-CHAPTER 1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCING BARS a ES 1.1. Introduction ‘The standard specifications for steel reinforcement published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) are generally accepted for construction in the United States. When ASTM revises these specifications, most authorities usually accept the latest ASTM specifications even when building codes or project specifications have not had corresponding revisions incorporated. This lag between changes and the special requirements of some public agencies causes accasional variations. From the materials listed in this chapter, the ArchiteclEngineer should select the grade (minintum yield strength) and type of reinforcement which will best ‘meet the specific design requirements. 1.2. Reinforcing Bars Specifications for billet steel, low-alloy steel, rail-steel, and axle-steel reinforcing bars are available from ASTM. ‘Tables 1-1, 1-2, and 1-8 summarize the pertinent te sile and bending, deformation, and chemical composi tion requirements for billet-steel and low-alloy steel reinforcing bars. Table 1-1 also lists the grades and bar sizes, covered by the two most widely used ASTM specifications. Producing mill identification marks required by the ASTM specifications are shown in Section 1.7 of this chapter. The bar marks used by American mills known to be commercially producing Grade 60 [420] rebars are illustrated in detail in Appendix A. 1.3. ACI Building Code—Requirements for Reinforcing Bars ‘The current ACI Building Code requires billet-steel and lowalloy steel reinforcing bars to conform to ASTM specifications A615/A615M and A706/A706M, respective- 1y. Reinforcing bars conforming to ASTM A706/A706M are recommended for use in seismic-resistant reinforced concrete structures where controlled tensile properties, are required, or for applications invalving extensive welding. The ACI Building Code requires rail-steel and axle- steel reinforcing bars to also conform to ASTM specifica tion A996/A996M. 1.4. Coated Reinforcing Bars for Corrosion Protection ‘The ACI Building Code permits the use of coated reinforcing bars as a corrosion-protection system. The Code requires epoxy-coated reinforcing bars to conform to the ASTM A775/A775M or A934/A934M_specifica- tions. Zinc-coated (galvanized) reinforcing bars must conform to ASTM A767/A767M. The bars that are to be epoxy-coated or zinc-coated (galvanized) must meet the Code's requirements for uncoated bars ‘The ASTM A775/A775M specification for epoxy-coated reinforcing bars includes requirements for the epoxy coating material; surface preparation of the bars prior to application of the coating; the method of application of the coating material; limits on coating thickness; and. acceptance tests to assure that the coating was properly applied. Epoxyscoated bars conforming to the ASTM AT75/AT75M specification are usually fabricated after application of the epoxy coating. All damaged areas of coating on the bars, which occur during fabrication and handling prior to shipment to the job-site, must be properly repaired (touched-up) with patching material ASTM A934/A934M prescribes requirements for epoxy-coated reinforcing bars that are prefabricated prior to application of the epoxy coating, The specification includes requirements for the epoxy coating material, surface preparation of the bars before coating, method of coating application, limits on coating thickness, and acceptance tests. ‘The ASTM A767/A767M specification for zinc-coated (galvanized) reinforcing bars includes requirements for the zinc coating material; the galvanizing process; the class or weight of coating; finish and adherence of the coating; and fabrication, Reinforcing bars are usually galvanized afier fabrication. The specification prescribes ‘minimum finished bemrd diameters for bars that are fabricated before galvanizing. Smaller finished bend diameters are permitted if the bars are stress-relieved. Thus, when bars are galvanized after fabrication, the Architecy/Engineer should specify which bars require spe- ial finished bend diameters, usually the smaller bar sizes, for stitrups and ties. The specification has two classes of zinc coating weights which ae designated as Class I and Class II, Class F coating, which requires a zinc coating weight of 3.5 oz/f® [1070 g/m], is normally specified for general construction. itCHAPTER 1 TABLE 1-1 ASTM SPECIFICATIONS—BAR SIZES, GRADES, AND TENSILE AND BENDING REQUIREMENTS “ype o Seat Momeni vm Poconage Sed Tee a on en ee imum Porat Pear Fe sstengn. | sven mre, (a= noma ameter uni | pe Pa) tapecmen) Ta WT wana fore | co ‘por ro00 Nees ieia. 5,6) one iacaldied Ent eS flirts ara nna 2 [Wow Sd 781, 15.416 73 15 trio #0 6, 19) | ieee, 36) one #310018 CJ 160,000 ‘90,000 a ee pietses | trro1ons | (420) 1429}, teaqy | 122.7251 £ | eee al astsnstou 4,110.01, 918,898 w3.a0.4n 19, #5, 09, 487.7 | 8, 12, 08 14 14418009 {e457 90 oo Tar 1697, wri. «25, 7 | tere 42s) so swne | 75 73000 90600 | 49,030,411, 1,958 19,010.81 iowa | 1 ‘sam, teo0) | ras voa nS, 49, 07)... @ | 128 #00 98) 1 nana) {e057 10) oo a SF or tro 6,9) 14 | fete. 16) oo on er soove ooo | M52049-410.01 47,08 er sere ‘ : [We, #6, 428, #52, ase)... 12 | (ato, 422, #28) aa ATOS/ATOBM ae I fen imi ‘sso 14 HB #9, #10, #11 8 OT coco to | tee, 26) @ marie (oa 057 eo Fo low 207 sal enforcing bas, he ASTI ATOBATDBN specication prosofbes a Maximum ysl avergh ol 76000 pal [S40 MPa] and tensile stengh musi be 1.25 Sines the actual io strength {ena tests aro 18° excop ASTI ABISIAGISM Permits OO fo bor sizes A14 and #18 [49 and #57) TABLE 1-2 ASTM SPECIFICATIONS—DEFORMATION REQUIREMENTS Bar| Moxa average | Minimum Average | Maximum’ Sze [Spacing in inl [ Henin rm) | Gap, i fr) a (H101 oazie7 | corstos) | oreo i913) sso (as) | oo20ins) | ator tea #51916) oasriit) | ooeeio7) | ozalen) we) osestisa) | oossios7 | ozors) #7 (923) osiziss) | oops | oss) 38925) orooi7a | oosot2r | ossale7 99 429) oreojon | oossiiea] | asi (roa) wow, | oasgiz28) | onsstses | overtiog fnyse))ass7e5n | oortsso | sonia) Fie ees) Ties 04) | ones jena) | _aeaa ie) 18 [657] isso! | orcai2ss, | _oas4et3) "Chora ot 125% of nominal pee 12 C m=CHAPTER 1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCING BARS TABLE 1-3 ASTM SPECIFICATIONS—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION REQUIREMENTS Fie o sea] Bement ast | Contin” = Giger Tngase | Papas | Sate [Sten] cape] er [Chios | Wen [tan Deseret e ma | a ce] Se | eon | Me | co es x [x [x [ Jetsaerau| 2 [oe | [t a I [ors t T oem |! ¥ x * x ¥ x) x * | Ses” [2] 920m | soe | coos oo | 020m I : - sroareen~s—| oss] 130% | cows | oosem | 055% I “Conn Delos: 1 Anu ete lace damental ech net 2 tamu toni chrical cater eat est 5 Maxum soni chrical oer or eh ar 1.5. Spiral Reinforcement 1.6. Welding of Reinforcing Bars 1.5.1 Standard Sizes Plain bars, deformed bars, or wire for spirals are furnished in the following standard sizes and cross-sectional areas as prescribed in the “Simplified Praaice Recommen- dation—Steel Spirals for Reinforced Concrete Columns” in Appendix B. Areas and weights are in accordance with the following: Area, Weight [Mass], Standard Sizes | in 2mm?) tort (kg/m) Yin, oF #3 ott 0.376 [10 mm or #10) 71] (0.560) We in, or #4 020 0.668 | (13 mmor #13] | [129] (0.994) in, oF #5 1.043 [16 mm or #16] 1.552] % in. or #6 502 [19 mm or #19] (2.235) .2 Material Reinforcing bars for spirals, plain or deformed, should conform to ASTM A615/A615M, or to ASTM ATO6/A706M, as specified on the project drawings or in the project specifications. Plain wire for spirals should conform to ASTM A82 ‘with a minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi [485 MPa Deformed wire for spirals should conform to ASTM A496 with a minimum yield strength of 75,000 psi [515 MPa]. Unless otherwise specified on the project drawings or in the project specifications, plain or deformed bars will be furnished. 1.6.1 Material Specifications and Welding Code The ‘weldability" of steel, which is established by its chemicai analysis, sets the minimum preheat and inter- pass temperatures, and limits the applicable welding procedures. Lowalloy steel reinforcing bars, conforming to the ASTM A706/A706M specification, are intended for welding. Weldability is accomplished in the specification by limits or controls on the chemical composition of the steel. One limit is on individual chemical elements, for example, carbon is limited to a maximum of 0.30% and ‘manganese to a maximum of 1.50%. Another limit is on “carbon equivalent.” The term “carbon equivalent,” abbreviated as C.E., accounts for those chemical elements, affecting weldability. The ASTM A706/A700M specification and the ANSVAWS DI.4 Welding Code have the same formula for C.E. CE. = %C + ©Mn/6 + %Cu/40 + %NI20 +5ECr/10 ~ %MOI5O — VIVO ‘The ASTM A706(A706M specification limits C.E. toa maximum of 0.55%. ASTM specification A615/A615M for billet-steel reinforcing bars includes a statement in its scope concerning welding: “Welding of material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have been included to enhance its weldability. When the steel is to be welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical composition and intended use or service should be used.” ‘The A615/A615M specification then recommends use of ANSI/AWS DI for welding of reinforcing bars. The CE. formula in ANSVAWS D1. for billet-steel bars is: CE. = %C + %Mn/6 1-3CHAPTER 1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCING BARS 1.6.2 Project Drawings and Project Specifications ‘The ArchitecyEngineer should indicate on the project Arawings or in the project specifications: * The welding of reinforcing bars shall conform to the ANSL/AWS D1.4 Welding Code; © The type and location of welded splices of reinforcing bars; © Other required welding. ANSUAWS DIA requires the Contractor to prepare a written welding procedure specification (WPS) for each welded splice conforming to the requirements of the Welding Code. The ASTM A706/A706M specification requires the reinforcing bar Producer to report the chemical composition and carbon equivalent of the steel. For billet-steel reinforcing bars, the ASTM AG15/A615M specification requires the Producer to determine the per- centages of certain chemical elements including carbon and manganese. Reporting these material properties, should be required in the project specifications so that the Contractor will have the carbon equivalent available for the reinforcing bars to be welded. 1.6.3 CRSI Recommendations 1 Minimize manual arc welding in the field, wherever possible. Consider the use of mechanical splices as an alternative to welded splices. 2. Where arc-welded splices are used, the following are required: a.Welding should conform to ANSUAWS D1.4 “Suuctural Welding Code —Reinforcing Steel” b. Mill test analysis of the reinforcing bars for calcu- lating “carbon equivalent” (CE) ¢. Adjustment of welding techniques to suit C.E. vale ues and job-site temperatures 4d. The correct strength, grade, and size of low-hydro- gen electrodes, kept oven dry €. Qualification tests to certify all welders before beginning a construction project and periodically thereafter during long-term projects £ Continuous supervision of all welding operations g Radiography or other suitable nondestructive inspection of @ percentage of welds (normally about 25 percent of the welds selected at random) h.Occasional quality control tests of actual welds removed from the structure when nondestructive test results are unsatisfactory 3. Chemical analyses are not ordinarily meaningful for rail-steel and axlestee! reinforcing bars. Welding of these types of bars is not recommended. 4. Unless approved by the ArchitecvEngineer, never permit field welding of crossing bars for assembly and fastening of reinforcement. Such welds, called “tack” ‘welding or “spot” welding, may affect the strength and ductility of the bars. Reinforcement should be assembled and fastened with tie wire to avoid harming the bars. 1.7. Identification Marks*—ASTM Standard Reinforcing Bars ‘The ASTM specifications for reinforcing bars require ‘identification marks to be rolled into the surface on one side of the bar to denote the Producer's mill designation, bar size, type of steel, and miniswum yield designation. Grade 60 [420] bars show these marks in che following order: 1st~Producing Mill (usually a letter) 2nd—Bar Size Number (#3 through #11, #14, #18 [#10 through #57) 3rd—Type of Steel: S for Billet-Steel (A615/A615M) W for Low-Alloy Steel (A706/A706M) © for Rail-Steel (A996/A996M) R for Ri Steel (A996/A996M) A. for Axle-Steel (A996/A996M) 4th—Minimum Yield Strength Designation ‘A mark for minimum yield designation or grade is, required for Grade 60 [420] and Grade 75 [520] bars only. Grade 60 420] bars can either have one single longitudinal line (a grade line} or the number 60 [4] (a grade mark). Grade 75 (520) bars can either have two grade lines or the grade mark 75 [5 A grade line is smaller and is located between the wo ‘main longitudinal ribs which are on opposite sides of all bars rolled in the United States. A grade line must be ‘continued through at least 5 deformation spaces, and it may be placed on the same side of the bar as the other markings or on the opposite side. Grade 40 [300] and 50 [350] bars are required to have only the first three identification marks. No grade mark or grade line for minimum yield strength is required. VARIATIONS: Bar identification marks may also be ori- ented to read haizontally (at 90° to those illustrated). Grade ‘mark numbers may be placed within separate consecutive deformation spaces to read vertically or horizontally jee, Abpendi A fox complete dendcarion marks of Grade 60 (420) reinforcing bars produce by all US, Producers. The matks, Jisted iphabeteally by producing mill, include the identification requirements o ASTM and the deformation pattern used by each 1-4CHAPTER 1 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR REINFORCING BARS = Main Ribs Main Ribs Letir or Symbols Lette or Symbol for Producing Mil “or Producing Mil Bar Si #11 Type toa” — / S ersae-snui 2615) “Erase a8) rat ta (908) Ae S00 (A05) Wer Lowy Seg 706 Grade Mark ‘Grade Line (One tine only) “Bars markad with an Sand W meet bh ABS and ATOS ar Size #26. Type Steel* xeomenivens $Dnmamorsn itrmoes osnn ferme ertreeransertin) Grade Mark Grade Line (One tine only) aers marca wih an § and W moet Both ABTS and ATOB GRADE 60 GRADE 420 = Main Ribs — — Main Ribs —_ ye Letter or Symbol Letter oF Symbol for Producing Mill NI ‘or Producing Mil H| Bar Size #14. H Bar Size #43. i ‘Type Steet /— Type Stee! (4) ‘fr aston A695) ' trims 8159 Grade Mark“ Grade Mark Grade Line (wo lines only) TS Grade Line (Tw tines ony) GRADE 75 GRADE 529 = Main Rib Aster or Sym! {or Producing Mil ‘or Producing Mi Bar Size #6 Bar Size #19 /— We Stee! “ype Stee! ' sree aa) tr Rab ion 08) A torso Sa 8066) S frbuee Si ASN Eterna) FR trRatsieetz6¥) A forte (6860) GRADES 40 AND 50 GRADES 300 AND 350Pres @h Os &e fd te bs ee ee et ee ek ee ek eH eeCHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) 1. Introduction ‘This chapter presents information for specifying and estimating welded wire fabric (WWF) used in building construction. Discussion of epoxy-coated WWE, and handling, shipping, unloading and placing of WWF are also included. 2.2. ASTM Specifications Welded wire fabric consists of wires arranged in a square or rectangular configuration. The wires are welded at their intersections. WWF must conform to ASTM A185 if made of plain wire or to ASTM A497 if made of deformed wire or a combination of deformed and plain wire. These specifications require tensile, reduction of area and bend tests on the fabric, and shear tests on the welded intersections, A minimum yield strength of 665,000 psi [450 MPa] is required for plain WWF (A185) and a minimum of 70,000 psi (485 MPa] for deformed WWE (A497). ASTM A82 (plain wire) and A496 (deformed wire) are companion specifications that pre- scribe the requirements for the wire used for manufacturing welded wire fabric. Unless otherwise specified by the Architect/Engineer, welded wire fabric conforming to ASTM A185 will be furnished. Welded wire fabric can be produced with high- strength wires of minimum yield strengths to 80,000 psi [550 MPa]. Higher minimum yield strengths allow the use of less material in certain applications. Welded wire fabric can be fabricated to make beam stirrups and column ties. 2.3. Style Identification Plain wire is denoted by the letter “W" (“MW"] and deformed wire by the letter “D” ["MD"]. The letter is followed by a number indicating cross-sectional area in hun- dredths of a square inch [square millimeters). Welded wire fabric is usually shown on project drawings with the abbreviation WWF followed by spacings of longitudinal wires and then transverse wires and last by the sizes of longitudinal and transverse wires. ‘An example style designation (see Figure 2-1) is: WWF 6 x 12-W16 x WB [152 x 305 - MW103 x MW52). This designation identifies a style of plain welded wire fabric in which: Spacing of longitadinal wires = 6 in. [152 mm] Spacing of transverse wires = 19 in. [805 mm] Longitudinal wire size WI6 [MWI03] Transverse wire size = Ws [MWs]} A deformed WWF style would be designated in the same manner with the appropriate D [MD] number wire spacings and sizes. Ic is important to note that the terms “longitudinal” and “transverse” are related to the method of WWF man- tufacture and have no reference to the orientation of the wires with respect to the orientation of the reinforced concrete structure. 2.4. Specifying Welded Wire Fabric ‘The Architect/Enginecr’s selection of welded wire fab: ric styles should include production considerations as well as steel area requirements. Maximum economies in production and handling can be achieved by utilizing repetition of styles and duplication of sheet and/or roll dimensions to the fullest extent possible. Welded wire fabric is manufactured in the form of sheets and rolls. Rolls are generally stocked in W1.4 to W4 [MW9 tc MW26] wire sizes only. Roll widths vary from 5 to 8 feet[1.5 to 2.4 m), Lengths vary with application and. convenience of handling and shipping. Rolls should be straightened. Standard widths of sheets vary between 7 to 10 feet (2.1 to 3.1 m] for building construction and up to 18 feet [4 m] for pavement, ‘The maximum sheet size (width and/or length) may be limited by shipping restrictions as well as manufacturing limitations. Development lengths and lap splice lengths for welded wire fabric must be specified by the Architect /Engineer in accordance with the ACI $18 Building Code. Lap splice lengths are usually a minimum of one wire space plus 2 in, {50 mm] for plain wire and 8 in, [200 mm] for deformed wire Certain styles of welded wire fabric as shown in Table 2-1 have been recommended by the Wire Reinforcement Institute as common styles. Manufacturers of WWF can, meet specific steel area requirements when ordered for designated projects, or in some localities, may be available from inventory. 2.5. Detailing Welded Wire Fabric The quantity of welded wire fabric detailed and supplied should include the net area shown on the project drawings or required in the project specifications plus sufficient material to include lap splices. 2.5.1 Width Width is defined as the center-to-center distance between the outside longitudinal wires. Overall width is, defined as the width plus side overhangs. 21CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) ‘The side overhangs of transverse wires should be no greater than one inch [25 mm) unless otherwise specified by the ArchitecUEngineer. Transverse wires may be specified to have a specific overhang or no overhang (flush sides). 2.5.2 Length Welded wire fabric in roll form can be manufactured in various lengths, up to the maximum weight per roll convenient for handling. The lengths of rolls vary with the individual manufacturing practices of producers. ‘Typical lengths are 100, 150 and 200 feet (31, 46 and 61 m]. Sheet or roll length is defined as the length, tip to tip, of longitudinal wires. This length should be a whole multi- ple of the transverse wire spacing, ‘The sum of the two end overhangs on either sheets or rolls should be equal to one transverse wire spacing. Unless otherwise specified, each end overhang equals one-half of a transverse spacing. WIRE ‘WIRE LONGITUDINAL 2.6. ASTM Specification for Epoxy-Coated Wire and Welded Wire Fabric Epoxy-coated wire and welded wire fabric are used in reinforced concrete construction as a corrosion-protection system, The ASTM specification A884/A884M covers the epoxy coating of plain and deformed steel wire, and plain and deformed steel welded wire fabric. The specification includes requirements for the epoxy-coating material; surface preparation of the steel prior to application of the coating; the method of application of the coating; limits ‘on coating thickness; and acceptance tests to ensure that the coating was properly applied. All damaged areas of coating on the wires, which occur during manufacture and handling to the point of shipment to the job-site, have to be repaired (touched-up) with patching material. Side overhangs may be varied as required and do not need to be equal. Overhang lengths are limited by overall sheet width TRANSVERSE End overhangs — The sum of the end overhangs should ‘equal one transverse wire space. Unless othenwise specified by the Architecl/Engineer, each end ovethiang equals one-half ofa transverse space. Longitudinal wire spacing 6 in. (152 mm] Transverse wire spacing... 12 in. [305 mm] Industry Method of Designating Style: Example: WWF 6 x 12— W16 x WB [152 x 305 — MW103 x MW52] Longitudinal wire size .... W16 [M103] Transverse wire size ..... WB [MWS2] FIGURE 2-1 STYLE IDENTIFICATION OF WELDED WIRE FABRIC 2-2CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-1 COMMON STYLES OF WELDED WIRE FABRIC SHEETS Inch-Pound Units Mettie Units aii (nay | Dit Saye omen) | RGR 4x4—Wiaxwia | 0042 3 To2 x 102 = MW9 x MWO™ ase | 151 4x4—wa0xw2o" | 0.060 44 to2x 102-mwisxmwiss | 1270 | 215 4x4—weoxwee" | 0.087 62 jo2x 102-MWioxmwio | 1e42 | 303 4x4—W3.1 x W3.1 0.093 65 402 x 102 = Mw20 x MW20 reo | 347 4x4—waoxw4or | 0.120 a8 402x 102-Mw26xMmwee" | 2540 | 4.90 | 6x8-Wiaxwia | 0.028 24 162 x 152 — MW9 x MWS “* 59.3 1.08 . 6x6-w20xw20" | 0.040 20 162x 152-MWi3xmwis | 847 | 1.46 ex6—w29xwas" | 0.058 42 t82x152-Mwioxmwio | 1228 | 205 6x6—Ww4.0xwao~ | 0.080 58 462 152-Mw26x woe | 1604 | 283, 6x6 — WA.2 x WA.2 0.084 60 4182 x 152 — MW27 x MW27 178 | 3.08 6x6—W4.4 x W44 0.088 63 182 x 152 ~ MW28 x MW28 1363 | 3.22 : 6x 6—WA7 x WA7 0.094 68 162x152-Mws0xmws0 | 1990 | 332 - 6x6—W75xW75 0.150 | 108 182% 152-Mw4sxMwas | 3175 | 552 6 x6—W8.1 x WB.1 o1e2 | 116 162 x 152—-MWs2xMws2 | 3429 | 5.66 6x6-Wasx Was ores | 119 152x 152-Mws4xmws4 | 3514 | 5.81 y | exewesxwes | ooes 63 ‘205 x 305 — MW54 x MWS 1757 | 308 tax t2-wasxwae | 0.088 66 305 x 305 - MWS7 x MWS7 teca | 322 12x 12-Watxwet | 0.091 69 305 x 305 ~ MWS9 x MW59 1926 | 8.25 12x12-Weaxwea | 0.094 a 305 x 305 - MW61 x MINEt 190.0 | 347 12. 12 —W15 x WI5 o1so | 113, 05x 305-Mwo7xmwer | si75 | 552 . 12x 12-W16 x Wi6 0.160 | 120 205 x 305-MW103xMwi0s | 3387 | 561 text2-wiesxwies| 0.166 | 125 305 x 305-MWio7 xMwto7 | 3514 | 9.72 raxta—wiraxwizt| oa7t | 128 305 x305-MWitoxmWito | 3620 | 6.25 "5 Wight mas] based on 6osn 1524-mm] wide sheets (-<) with i, [-mm] side overhang and standard ond overhan, . These es may be obtained in roll form, Its recommended that rolls be straightened and cut to size before place- mer Example 6x 152 = MW52 x MW: Calculations: Long. Wires (Table 2-2(a)) = 29.92 Long. Wires (Table 2-2{b)) = 2.92 Tran, Wires (Table 2-2(c) Tran. Wires (Table 2-2(d)) = 2.74 Total = 58.03 = 56 lb/100 ft? Total = 5.68 kg/m? 23CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-2(a) UNIT WEIGHT OF LONGITUDINAL WIRES FOR WELDED WIRE FABRIC (INCH-POUND) Wire Nom. ‘Weight (Ib/100 ft2)" of Longitudinal Wires Per Spacing (in.) Size, | Diam, word | (in) 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12 5 0.757 | 948.60 | 642.60 | 489.60 | 397.80 | 336.60 | 260.10 | 234.40 | 214.20 | 183.60 31 0.628 | 653.40 | 442.68 | 397.28 | 274,04 | 231.88 | 179.18 | 161.68 | 147.56 | 126.48 30 0.618_| 632.40 | 428.40 | 326.40 | 265.20 | 224.40 | 173.40 | 156.46 | 142.80 | 122.40 28 0.597 | 590.24 | 399.84 | 904.64 | 247.52 | 209.44 | 161.64 | 146.03 | 193.28 | 114.24 26 0.575 | 548.08 | 971.28 | 262.88 | 229.84 | 194.48 | 150.28 | 135.60 | 123.76 | 106.08 24 os53_| 505.92 | 342,72 | 261.12 | 212.16 | 179.52 | 198.72 | 125.17 | 11424 | 97.92 22 529 | 463.76 | 314.16 | 299.36 | 194.48 | 164.56 | 127.16 | 114.74 | 104.72 | 69.76 20 0.505 | 421.60 | 285.60 | 217.60 | 176.80 | 148.60 | 115.60 | 104.31 | 95.20 | 81.60 18 0.479_| 379.44 | 257.04 | 195.84 | 159.12 | 134.64 | 104.04 | 93.88 |_ 85.68 |_73.44 18 0.451 | 397.28 | 228.48 | 174.48 [141.44 | 119.68 | 9248 | 6345] 76.16 | 6528 14 0.422 | 295.12 | 199.92 | 152.32 | 123.76 | 104.72 | so92| 7301] 66.64 | 57.12 12 o.391_| 252.96 | 171.96 | 130.56 | 106.08 |_99.76| 69.36 | 62.58 | 57.12 | 48.96 1 0.374 | 231.88 | 157.08 | 11968 | 9724{ 6226| 63.58 | 57.37 | 52.36 | 44.88 10.5 | 0.366 | 221.34] 149.94 | 114.24] 9282] 7854] 60.69] 54.76 | 49.98 | 42.84 40 0.357 _|_ 210.80 | 142.80 | 108.80 8.40 | _74.80| 57.80 | 52.15 | 47.60 | 40.80 95 | 0348 | 200.26 | 135.66 | 103.36] 93.98 71.06] 54.91 | 4955 | 45.22| 3876 9 0.339 | 199.72 | 128.52} 97.92] 7956] 67.92| 5202] 4694| 4284| 36.72 as | 0929 | 179.18 | 121.98 | 92.48] 75.14 | 63.58| 49.13 | 4433 | 4046 | 3468 8 osi9 | 16864} 114.24 | 87.04] 7072| 59.84] 46.24 | 41.73 | 3808 | 32.64 75 | 0.909 | 158.10 | 107.10] 81.60} 66.90| 56.10) 43.95] 39.11 | 35.70) 30.60 z o209 | 147.56 | 99.96 | 76.16| 6188 | 52.96| 40.46 | 3651 | 33.32 | 28.56 65 | o2es | 137.02 | 9282] 70.72| 57.46| 48.62] 3757 | 33.00 | 3004] 2652 6 0276 | 126.48 | 85.68 | 65.28] 5304| 44.88| 3468] 31.29] 2856 | 2448 55 | 0.265 | 115.94 | 7254] 9.4] 4962] 4114| 3179] 2869 | 2618 | 22.44 5 0.252 | 105.40 | 71.40 | 84.40[ 4420 | 3740] 2890 | 3608 | 2380 | 2040 45 | 0239 | 9486] 6426] 4896] 39.78] 3366] 2601] 2347) 2142} 1836 4 o226 | 0432| 57.12| 4352| 35.95] 29.92| 29.12 | 2087 | 1904 | 16.92 35 | o2tt 73.78 | 49.98 | 3808| 3094] 2618| 2023 | 1826] 1666 | 14.28 3 0.195 | 63.24] 42.84] 264| 2652] 2244] 17.94] 1565] 1428] 12.24 29 | o19 | 61.13] 4141 | 31.55| 2564 | 2169] 1676} 1511 | 1380] 11.83 25 | 0.178 | 5270] 9570] 27.20) 2210] ta70| 1445] 1304] 11.90 1020 2 oto | 4216] 2856] 21.76| 1768] 14.96} 1156] 1044] 952] 816 14 | 0134 | 2951] 1999] 1523] 1238] 1047] 809] 7.29] 666| 571 *Weight based on standard end overhang. Note: This table should be used for estimating purposes oniy. Actual weights of welded wire fabric will vary from those shown above, depending upon the width of rolls or sheets and lengths of overhangs. No allowance is made in this table for the extra weight of fabric required for lap splices. o» CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-2(b) UNIT MASS OF LONGITUDINAL WIRES FOR WELDED WIRE FABRIC (METRIC) Wire | Nom. Mass (kg/m?)* of Longitudinal Wires Per Spacing (mm) Size, Diam. [MW or MD} _(mm) 51 76 102 127, 152 | 203 229 254 305, 290 19.23 46.31 31.37 23.90 | 19.42 16.43 12.71 11.44 10.46 8.96 200 15.96 31.94 | 21.59 16.45 | 13.37 11.31 8.74 7.89 7.20 6.17 194 1570 | 3084 | 2089 | 15.92 | 1293 | tos | 936 | 7.63 | 695 | 5.97 181 15.17 28.79 | 19.50 14.86 | 12.07 10.22 7.89 TAZ 6.59 5.57 168 14.61 26.73 18.11 13.80 14.21 9.49 7.33 6.61 6.04 5.17 155 14.04 24.68 16.72 12.74 | 10.35 8.76 6.77 6.15 5.57. 4.78 142 13.44 23.60 15.32 11.67 9.49 8.03 6.20 5.60 5.11 4.38 129 12.82 20.56 13.94 10.61 8.62 7.30 5.84 5.09 4.64 3.98 116 sete | 1951 | 254 | 955 | 7.76 | 657 | 507 | 458 | 423 | 50 103 11.46 16.45 194.14 8.49 6.90 5.84 4.51 4.07 371 3.18 90 1072 | 1499 | 975 | 743 | 04 | 511 | 395 | 355 | 325 | 279 7 9.93 12.34 8.38 6.37 6.17 438 | 3.38 3.05. 279 2.39 71 9.51 11.31 7.66 5.81 474 4.01 3.10 2.80 255 2.19 68 9.29 10.80 731 5.57 4.53 3.83 2.96 2.67 244 2.09 9.06 4027 | 6968 | 531 | 431 } 365 2.8% 2.54 1.99 61 8.83 9.77 6.62 5.04 4.10 3.47 2.68 2.42 221 1.89 58 8.60 9.25 6.27 478 3.88 3.28 2.54 2.29 2.09 1.79 8.36 4 | 592 | 456 | s65 | 310 | 240 | 216 | 191 1.69 52 6.11 8.23 5.57 4.25 3.45 2.92 2.26 2.04 1.86 1.59 48 795 | 771 | 522 | a08 | 323 | 274 | 21 | 191 | 174] 149 45 7.58 7.20 4.88 3.71 3.02 2.55 1.97 1.78 1.63 1.39 42 731 6.68 453 3.45 2.80 2.37 1.89 1.65 151 1.29 39 7.02 617 4.18 3.18 2.59 219 1.69 1.53 1.39 119 38 6.72 5.65. 3.83 2.92 2.37 2.01 4.55 1.40 1.28 1.09 32 6.41 514 3.48 2.65 2418 1.82 141 1.27 1.18 0.99 29 6.08 4.63 3.13 2.39 1.94 1.64 1.27 1.14 1.04 0.90 26. 5.73 414 2.79 2.12 1.72 4.46 1.13 4.02 0.93 0.89 23 sae | 360 | 244 | 186 | 1.61 | 1.28 | o99 | oso | o€1 | 070 19.4 4.96 4.06 2.09 1.59 1.29 1.09 0.85 0.76 0.70 0.60 18.7 4:88 2.98 2.02 1.54 1.25. 1.06 0.82 9.74 0.67 0.58 16 as3 | 257 | 174 | 193 | 1.08 | o91 | 070] 064 | 058 | 050 13 405 | 206 | 139 | 1.03 | 067 | 073 | 056 | 051 | 046 | 0.40 9 | ao | 144 | 098 | a7 | o60 | ost | o40 | 086 | 093 | 028 *Mass based on standard end overhang, Note: This tabie should be used for estimating purposes only. Actual mass of welded wire fabric will vary from those shown above, depending upon the width of rolls or sheets and lengths of overhangs. No allowance is made in this table for the extra mass of fabric required for lap splices. 25CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-2(c) UNIT WEIGHT OF TRANSVERSE WIRES FOR WELDED WIRE FABRIC (INCH-POUND) Wire | Nom. Weight (Ib/100 ft2)" of Transverse Wires Per Spacing (in.) Size, | Diam. word | (in) 2 3 4 5 6 8 8 10 12 , 5 0.757 | 948.57 | 632.38 | 474.29 | 379.43 | 316.19 | 237.14 | 210.79 | 169.72 | 168.10 an 0.628 | 653.48 | 435.65 | 326.74 | 261.99 | 217.83 | 163.7 | 145.22 | 130.70 | 108.91 30 cote | 632.40 | 421.40 | 316.20 | 252.96 | 210.80 | 158.10 | 140.59 | 126.48 | 105.40 28 0.597 | 590.24 | 393.49 | 295.12 | 236.10 | 198.75 | 147.56 | 131.17 | 118.05 | 98.37 26 0.575 | 548.08 | 365.98 | 274.04 | 219.23 | 182.70 | 197.02 | 121.80 | 109.62 | 91.34 24 0.553_| 505.92 | 337.28 | 252.96 | 202.37 | 168.64 | 126.48 | 112.43 | 101.18 |_ 84.32 22 0.529 | 463.76 | 308.17 | 231.88 | 185.50 | 154.59 | 115.04 | 103.06 | 92.75 | 77.29 20 0.505 | 421.60 | 281.06 | 210.80 | 168.64 | 140.53 | 105.40 | 93.69 #492 | 70.26 18 0.479_| 379.44 | 252.96 | 189.72 | 151.78 | 126.48 |_94.86 | 94.32 | 75.89 | 63.24 16 0.451 | 937.28 | 224.85 | 168.64 | 134.91 | 112.49 | 94.92 | 74.95] 67.46 | 56.21 14 0.422 | 295.12 | 196.76 | 147.56 | 11805 | 98.37 | 7378| 65.58] 59.02) 49.19 2 0.391 _| 252.96 | 168.64 | 126.48 | 101.18 | e432 | 6324 | 56.21 | 50.50 | 42.16 1 0.374 | 231.88 | 154.59 | 11594! 9275| 77.29] 5797] 5153] 46.98 | 38.65 105 | 0366 | 221.34] 14756 | 110.67] 8854] 73.78] 5534] 49.19] 44.27 | 36.89 7 10 o.357_| 210.80 | 140.53 | 105.40 | 84.32 | 7027 | 5270 | 46.4 | 42.16 | 35.13, 9s | 0.348 | 20028 | 19351 | 100.13 | 80.11 | 68.76 | 5007 | 4450] 40.05 | 23.38 9 asso | 199.72 | 126.48 | 9486] 7589] 6324] 4743] 4216| 37.94] 31.62 as_| ose | ivote| ites | soso| 7167 | 575 | aco] soce| ssc | 2os0 | © 8 oasis | 168.64 | 11243] 8432] 6746 | 56.21 | 4216 | 37.48] 93.73 | 28.11 75 | 0.309 | 158.10 | 105.40] 79.05] 6324| 5270] 39.53} 35.14] 31.62] 26.35 z 0299 | 147.56 | 9897 | 7378| 50.02 | 4919] 3689] 9279] 2951 | 24.59 i 65 | o2e8 | 197.02] 9195] 685i | 5481 | 45.68] 3426] 0045 | 27.41 | 2204 6 0.276 | 12648 | e492] 6324] 5059| 42.16] 31.62] 28.11 | 25.0 | 21.08 , 55_| 0265 | 115.94 | 77.30| 5797 | 46.38 | 38.65 | 2899 | 2577 | 2319 | 19.33 5 0252 | 10540| 7027| 5270| 4216| 35.13 | 2605 | 2342 21.08| 17.57 45 | 0.209 24.86 | 63.24] 47.43] 3795| 31.62] 2372] 21.08) 1897] 15.81 4 0.226 4.32 | 56.21 | 4216| 3373 | 28.11 | 21.08 | 1874| 1686 | 14.05 . 35 | 02 73.78 | 49.19] 3689] 2951| 2460] 1845| 1640] 1476] 12.30 3 0.195 324] 42.16] 31.62] 25.90] 21.08 | 1581] 1405] 1265] 10.54 29 | 0.192 61.13 | 40.75 |_3056| 2445 | 20.98 | 1528 | 1358| 1223 | 10.19 25 | 0.178 52.70 | 96.13] 2695] 21.08] 1757] 1318[ 11.71] 1054] 878 2 0.160 42.16 | 28.11 | 21.08] 1686] 14.05] 1054] 937] 843] 7.03 14 | 0.134 2a51| 1967| 1476| 11.80} 984| 7.38| 656] 590] 492 * Weight based on 60-in. wide sheets (c.-c.) with 1-in. side overhang. Note: This table should be used for estimating purposes only. Actual weights of welded wire fabric will vary from those ‘shown above, depending upon the width of rolls or sheets and lengths of overhangs. No allowance is made in this table for the extra weight of fabric required for lap splices. , 26“oO CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-2(d) UNIT MASS OF TRANSVERSE WIRES FOR WELDED WIRE FABRIC (METRIC) wire | Nom. Mass (kg/m?)* of Transverse Wires Per Spacing (min) Size, | Diam. IMW or MD|_ (mm) 51 ze_| 102 | 127 | 152 | 203 | 220 | 254 | 305 290 19.23 | 45.72 | so48| 22.06 | 17.91 | 15.24 | 1143 | 991 | 914 | 7.62 200 15.96 | 9296 | 2125 | 15.94 | 1275 | 1062 | 797 | 7.08 | ¢a7 | 5.1 194 1570 | 3084 | 2056 | 1552 | 1234 | 10.28 | 771 | 605 | 647 | 5.14 181 15.17 | 2879 | 19.19] 1444 | 1152 | 960 | 720 | 640 | 5.76 | 4.00 168 1461 | 2673 | 17.82] 1337 | 1069 | 291 | 668 | 594 | 525 | 4.46 155 j4o4 | 2498 | 1645 | 1234 | 987 | 823 | 617 | 543 | 493 | 4.1 142 yaaa | 2262 | 15.08 | 11.31 | 908 | 754 | 565 | 503 | 452 | 3.77 129 i282 | 2066 | 1371| 1028 | 823 | 6as | 514 | 457 | 411 | 3.43 116 1216 | 1851 | 1294] 925 | 740 | 617 | 463 | 411 | 370 | 3.08 103 vias | 1645 | 1097| 823 | 658 | 54a | an | 366 | 320 | 274 90 1072 | 1439 | 960 | 720 | 576 | 480 | 360 | 320 | 268 | 240 7 g93 | 1234 | 923 | 617 | 499 | at | 308 | 274 | 247 | 208 71 gsr | 11.31 | 754 | 65 | 452 | 377 | 283 | 252 | 226 | 1209 68 929 | 1080 | 7.20 | s4o | 492 | 360 | 270 | 240 | 216 | 1.80 |_6: gos | 1028 | 695 | 514 | 417 | g43 | 257 | 228 | 206 | 471 61 ass | 977 | 651 | 460 | ao | 326 | 244 | 217 | 195 | 1.63 58 60 | 925 | 617 | 463 | 370 | 308 | 231 | 206 | 195 | 154 ass | 74 | 585 | 457 | 350 | 291 19 | 194 | 47: 146 __| 52 att e24 | sae | ast [ 320 | 274 | 208 | 193 | 165 | 1.37 48 75 | 771 | 514 | 386 | s08 | 257 | 1.93 | 1.71 | 155 | 1.29 45 z58_| 720 | 490 | 360 | 268 | 240 | 1.90 | 160 | 144 | 1.20 42 7.31 ees | 445 | 334 | 267 | 223 | 1.67 | 149 | 1.947 1.411 39 702 | 617 | 411 | 308 | 247 | 200 | 1.56 | 1.97 | 123 | 1.03 35 e7e_| 565 | 377 | 2083 | 226 | 190 | 141} 126 | 413 | 0.94 32 6.41 14 | 343 [267 | 208 | 1.71 | 129 [ 1.14 | 103 | 0.96 29 60s | 463 | 308 | 291 | 195 | 154 | 116 | 103 | 093 | 077 26 s73_| 441 | 274 | 206 | 165 | 127 | 1.03 | 091 | os2 | 069 23 536 | 360 | 240 | 190 | 144 | 1.20 [ 090 | oao | o72 | 0.60 194 | 496 | 308 | 208 | 154] 123 | 103 | 077 | 069 | o62 | 051 sa7_| 403 | 2: 196 _| 147 | 115 | 098 | ov | o64 | 059 | 0.49 16 453 | 257 | 176 | 129 | 1.03 | o86 | o64 | o57 | o51 | 043 13 405 | 206 | 137 | 1.03 | os1 | o69 | 051 | 046 | o41 | 094 9 39 | 142 | 095 | o71 | os6 | o47 | 096 | 031 | 028 | 024 * Mass based on 1524-mm wide sheets (c.-c.) with 25-mm side overhang. Note: This table should be used for estimating purposes only. Actual mass of welded wire fabric will vary from those shown above, depending upon the width of rolls or sheets and lengths of overhangs. No allowance is made in this table for the extra mass of fabric required for lap splices. 27CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-3(a) CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AND WEIGHT OF WELDED WIRE FABRIC (INCH-POUND) Wire | Nom. | Nom, Area of Steel (in.*t) Per Wire Spacing (in.) Size, | Diam. | Weight Word | (in) (ist) 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 5 o7s7 | 1530 | 2.700 | 1.800 | 1350 | 0500 | 0675 | 0540 | 0.450 3 0.628 | 1.054 | 1.860 | 1.240 | 0930 | 0620 | 0465 | 0.372 | 0.310 30 0.618 | 1.020 | 1.800 | 1200 | 0.900 | 0.600 | 0.450 | 0.360 | 0.300 28 0.597 | 0.952 | 1.680 | 1.120 | 0840 | 0560 | 0.420 | 0.336 | 0.280 26 0.575 | 0.884 | 1.560 | 1.040 | 0.720 | 0520 | 0.390 | os12 | 0.260 24 0.553 | 0816 | 1440 | 0.960 | 0.720 | 0480 | os60 | 0.288 | 0.240 22 0.529 | 0.748 | 1.320 | 0.880 | 0660 | 0440 | 0330 | 0.264 | 0.220 20 0.505 | 0.680 | 1.200 | 0.800 | 0.600 | 0.400 | 0.00 | 0.240 | 0.200 18 0.479 | 0612 | 1.080 | 0.720 | 0.540 | 0.360 | 0270 | o216 | 0.180 16 0.451 | 0.544 | 0.960 | 0.640 | 0.480 | 0320 [ 0240 | o.192 | 0.160 14 0.422 | 0.476 | 0.840 | 0560 | 0.420 | 0280 | 0210 | 0.168 | 0.140 12 0.391 | 040s | 0.720 | 0.480 | 0360 | 0240 | o180 | 14a | 0.120 1 0.374 | 0.374 | 0.660 | 0.440 | 0.330 | 0220 | 0165 | 0.182 | 0.110 105 | 0.966 | 0.957 | 0.630 | 0420 | 031s | o210 | 0.158 | 0.126 | 0.105 10 0.357 | 0.340 | 0.600 | 0.400 | 0.300 | 0.200 | 0.150 | 0.120 | 0.100 95 | 0.348 | 0.928 | 0.570 | 0.980 | 0285 [ 0190 | 0143 | ona | 0.095 8 0.339 | 0.306 | 0.540 | 0.360 | 0.270 | 0.120 | 0.135 | 0.108 | 0.090 es | 0.329 | 0280 | 0510 | 0340 | 0255 | 0.170 | 0128 | 0.102 | 0.085 @ 0.319 | 272 | 0.480 | 0320 | 0240 | 0.160 | 0.120 | 0.096 | 0.080 75 | 0.309 | 0255 | 0.450 | 0.300 | 0225 | 0150 | 0113 | 0.090 | 0.075 z 0.209 | 0.298 | 0.420 | 0.280 | o210 | 0140 | 0105 | 0.084 | 0.070 65 | 0.288 | 0.221 | 0300 | 0260 | 0.195 | 0.130 | 0.098 | 0.078 | 0.065 6 0.276 |: 0.204 | 0.360 | 0240 | 0.180 | 0.120 | 0.090 | 0.072 | 0.060 55 | 0.265 | 0.187 | 0330 | 0220 | 0165 | 0110 | 0.083 | 0.066 | 0.055 5 0.252 | 0.170 | 0300 | 0200 | 0150 | 0.100 | 0.075 | 0.060 | 0.050 45 | 0239 | 0153 | 0270 | o180 | 0.135 | 0.090 | 0.068 | 0.054 | 0.045 4 o226 | 0.136 | 0240 | 0.160 | 0120 | 0.080 | 0.060 | 0.049 | 0.040 35 | 0211 | o119 | 0210 | 0.140 | 0.105 | 0070} 0.053 | 0.042 | 0.035 3 0.195 | 0.102 | 0.180 | 0.120 | 0.090 | 0.060 | 0.045 | 0.036 | 0.030 29 | o192 | 0099 | o174 | 0116 | 0.087 | 0.058 | 0.044 | 0.035 | 0.029 25 | 0178 | 908 | 0.150 | 100 | 0.075 | 0.050 | 0.038 | 0.030 | 0.025 2 0.160 | 0.068 | 0.120 | 0.080 | 0.060 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 0.024 | 0.020 14 | 0134 | 0.048 | 0084 | 0.056 | cos | 0028 | 0.021 | 0.017 | 0.014 Notes: 1. The above listing of plain and deformed wire sizes represents wires normally selected to manufacture welded wire fabric to specific areas of reinforcement. Wire sizes other than those listed above, including larger sizes, may be available if the quantity required is sufficient to justify manufacture. 2, The nominal diameter of a deformed wire is equivalent to the diameter of a plain wire having the same weight per foot as the deformed wire. 3. The AC! Building Code requirements for tension development lengths and tension lap splice lengths of welded wire fabric are not included in this chapter. These design requirements are covered in Reinforcement Anchorages and Splices available from CRSI. For additional information, see Manual of Standard Practice—Structural Welded Wire Fabric and Structural Detailing Manual, both published by the Wire Reinforcement institute 2-8 ™ ™,CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) TABLE 2-3(b) CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA AND MASS OF WELDED WIRE FABRIC (METRIC) Wire | Nom. | Nom. Area of Steel (mm*/m) Per Wire Spacing (rim) Size, | Diam. | Mass MW or MO) _ (mm) | kgim) [| _ 51 76 102 152 208 254 305 200 | 1923 | 2277 | S715 | 3810 | 2858 | 1905 | 1429 1143) 953 200 | 1596 | 1569 | 3937 | 2625 | 1969 | 1312 984 787 656 194__| 15.70 1518 | 3810 _| 2540 | 1905 _|_1270 952 7e2_| 605 vet | 15.17 [| 1.417 | 3656 | 2371 | 1778 | 1185 889 7 593 168 | 14.61 iste | 3302 | 2201 | 1651 | trot 826 660 550 155__| 1404 | 1214 | 3048 | 2092 { 1524 | 1016 762, 610 508 142” | 13.44 1.393 | 2794 | 1863 | 1997 931 698 559 466 12g | 1262 | 1012 | 2540 | 1693 | 1270 247 635 508 423 v6 | 1216 | 0911 | 2286 | 1524 | 1143 762 571 457 381 703 | 11.46 | o810 | 2032 | 1355 | 1016 67, 508 406) 339 so | 1072 | 0708 | 1778 | 1185 889 593 445 356 296 7 g93_| oso7_| 1524 | 1016 762 508 381 305 254 71 9.51 0557 | 1997 931 698 466) 348 279 233 68 9.29 0.531 | 1333 889 667 44a, 333 267 222 65 gos | 0506 | 1270 847, 635, 423 317 254 212 61 ass | 0481 | 1206 804) ‘603 402 302 2at 201 58 aso | 0455 | 1143 762 sit 381 286 223 190 55 336 _| 0430 | 1080 720 540 360, 270 216 180 52 8.11 0.405 | 1016 677, 508 339 254 208 169 48 795 | 0979 | 952 635, 476 317 238 190 159 45 758_| 0.384 | 889 593 445 296 222 178 148 42 7.31 os2e | 826 ‘550 413 275 206 165 138 39 702 ‘| 0304 | 762 508 381 254 190 152 127 35 e7z_| 0278 | 698 466 349 239, 175 140 116 32 641 0.253) 635 423 317, 212 159 127 106 29 608 | 0228 | 571 381 286 190 143 114 95 26 873_| 0.202 | 508 339 254 169 127 402 85 23 536 | 0177 | 445 296 228) 148 111 89 74 94 | 496 | 0.152 381 254 190 127 95 76 63 187 | 488 | 0147 | 368 246 184 123 92 74 61 16 453 | 0.126 317, 212 159 106 78 Cy 53 13 405 | 0.101 254 169 127 85 63 51 42 9 339 | o.o7t 178 419 89 58 4 36, 30 Notes: 1, The above listing of plain and deformed wite sizes represents wires normally selected to manufacture welded wire fabric to specitic areas of reinforcement. Wire sizes other than those listed above, including larger sizes, may be available if the quantity required is sufficient to justify manufacture. 2, The nominal diameter of a deformed wire is equivalent to the diameter of a plain wire having the same mass per foot as the deformed wire. 3. The ACI Building Code requirements for tension development lengths and tension lap splice lengths of welded wire fabric are not included in this chapter. These design requirements are covered in Reinforcement Anchorages and Spiices available from CRSI. For additional information, see Manual of Standard Practice—Siructural Welded Wire Fabric and Structural Detailing Manual, both published by the Wire Reinforcement institute. 2-9CHAPTER 2 WELDED WIRE FABRIC (WWF) 2.7. Handling, Shipping and Unloading Welded Wire Fabric Welded wire fabric is shipped in wo forms—rolls or sheets. If shipped in roll form, several rolls may be bundled together for efficient handling. Individual rolls are securely tied, so uncoiling will not occur when the bun- dies are cut. Sheets are bundled in quantities depending on size and weight {mass] of sheets. Generally, bundles of rolls or sheets will weigh between 2,000 and 5,00 pounds (900 to 2300 kg]. Banding is used for shipping stability only. Bundles should never be lifted by the steel banding. if required by the Buyer, bundles can be assembled by flipping alternate sheers, allowing the sheets to “nest.” This arrangement allows for a greater number of sheets to be stacked in a given height and provides some bene- ficin added stability. Unless required by the Buyer, sheets are not flipped, At the shipping destination (either job-site or storage facility), the bundles are unloaded with a forklift, or a front end loader equipped with lifting chains, or a crane, Sheet bundles are usually placed on dunnage spaced every 3 to 4 feet [900 to 1200 mm] for unloading with either a forklift (from beneath the bundle) or a crane ‘ith a sling chain hooked or threaded through the bundle), At all times during unloading of materials, caution must be exercised and all safety regulations and practices must be observed. TABLE 2-4 WIRE SIZE CONVERSION * Inch-Pound Units Metric Units Word ‘Area Diam Weight | MW or MD Area Diam (in2) in.) (tof) (mm?) (mm) % 0.480 0.757 1.530 230 230 19.23) 3t ‘osto 0.628 11054 200 200 18.96 30 0.300 0.518. 1.020 194 194 15.70 28 0.280 0887 0.952 ver] 181 15.17 26 0.260 057s 0.884 168 168 1481 24 0.240 0.553 0.816 155 485 14.04 22 0.220 0.529 0.748 142 142 184d 20 9200 0.505 (0.680 128 128 12.82 ia 0.380 0.473 0612 116 6 12.16 16 0.160 0.451 0.584 308 103 11.48 14 0.140 0.422 0476 90 90 1072 12 0.120 0.391 0.408 7 z 2.93 " Cano) 0.374 0.374 71 7 951 108 0.105 0.368 0357 68 68 929 10 0.100 0.357 0340 6 65. 9.08 95 0.095, 0.348 0.323 61 61 883 8 0.090 0.399 0.308 58 58 860 8 0.085 0.329 0.289 55, 55, 8.36 8 (0.080 0.319 ware 52 52 et 75 0.075 0.309 0.255 8 48 7.85 7 0.070 0.209 0238 45 45 758 65 0.065 0.288 0.221 42 42 7.31 6 0.060 0276 0.204 39 39 702 55 0.055, 0.265, o.1e7 35 35, 672 5 0.050" 0.252 0.170 2 82 641 45 0.045 0.239 0.183 29 29 6.08 4 0.040, 0.226 0.136 26 26 5.73 35 0.035 att 0.19 23 23 5.38 3 0.030 0.195 0.102 194 toa 498 29 0.029 0.192 0.099 187 187 4.88 25 0.025 0.178 0.085 16 16 453 2 020 0.160 0.068 13 13 4.05 14 oor 2844 0.048 8 8 3.38 “Thoh-Pound wire sizes were solt-metnicated 2-10 mmCHAPTER 3 BAR SUPPORTS 3.1. Introduction Bar supports may be made of steel wire, precast concrete, or plastic. Mos widely used are factory made wire bar supports Wire bar supports are grouped into four classes according (0 their intended degree of protection against causing rust spots on the concrete surface. The typical types and sizes of wire bar supports are shown in Table 3-1. Typical, wire sizes and geometry are shown in Table 3-2. ‘The typical types and sizes of precast concrete bar supports and all-plastic bar supports are shown in Tables 3-3 and 8-4, respectively. In this chapter, industry practices for the various types of wire, precast concrete, and all-plastic bar supports and. their placing are presented. These recommendations for usage of bar supports complement those for placing reinforcing bars in Chapter 8, GRSI neither implies nor expresses approval or certi- fication of any proprietary products, Neither does CRSI establish or promulgate product manufacturing stan- dards. Any products illustrated or described in this chapter are listed for general informational purposes only and are intended only to depict commercially available bar supports presently known to CRSI. The recommendations in this chapter concerning reinforced concrete construction, and the selection and use of bar supports, should not be substituted for the judgment of an experienced Architect/Engineer as to the best way of achieving specific design requirements in the field. 3.2. Wire Bar Supports 3.2.1 Scope ‘The industry practices presented in this section are intended to serve a8 a guide for the selection and utiliza- tion of steel wire bar supports used to position reinfore- ing bars in reinforced concrete 3.2.2 Typical Types and Sizes ‘The types and sizes of wire bar supports that are usually available are shown in Table 3-1 Based on long-term experience and field observations, bar supports made in accordance with the wire sizes and geometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2 have performed satisfactorily. Bar supports fabricated from larger wire sizes than shown in Table 3-2, but made in accordance with the geometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2, should also perform satisfactorily and the larger wire sizes, should not be cause for rejection. 3.2.3 Rust Prevention Wire bar supports are classified in terms of methods used to minimize rust spots, or similar blemishes on the surface of the concrece directly caused by the bar supports. The four classes and their intended degree of protection are described in Sections 3.2.5, 3.2.6, 3.2.7 and 3.28. 3.2.4 Identification Project specifications, project drawings, details, and purchase orders generally identify wire bar supports by nominal height, symbot of type of support, and class of, protection (Example: 3'CHC-1 (88-CHC-1] identifies a 3%-in, [89-mm] height, continuous high chair, Class 1- Plastic Protected.) 3.2.5 Class 1—Maximum Protection PLASTIC-PROTECTED WIRE BAR SUPPORTS— which are intended for use in sizacions of moderate to severe exposure and/or situations requiring light grinding (1/26 inch [1.6 mm] maximum) or sandblasting of the concrete surface, Plastic-protected wire bar supports generally are fabricated from cold-drawn steel wire in accordance with the American Steel & Wire (AS&W) wire sizes and the geometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2. Class 1 bar supports are usually availabie in Types SB, BB, JC, HC, BC, and CHG, wihich are furnished with radius bearing legs in the form of a hook or spherical foot at the lower end of the legs. The hook generally consists of elevating the cut end of the support at least % inch (3 mm] above the supporting base. The spherical foot generally has an outside diameter of not less than 1% times the specified wire diameter and is not less than % inch (3 mm] above the supporting base, Following current industry practice, the plastic protection may be applied either by a dipping operation or by the addition of premolded plastic tips to the legs of the bar support. In both of these methods of protection, application, it should be adequately demonstrated that the plastic on the bar support will ot chip, crack, deform or peel under ordinary job-site conditions, Based on experience and field observations of satisfactory performance of Class 1—Plastic-Protected Wire Bar Supports, the plastic should have a thickness of 3/32 inch (2 mm) or greater, at points of contact with the formwork. The plastic should extend upward on the wire co a point at least % inch [13 mm] above the formwork 3.2.6 Class 1A—Maximum Protection (for Use with Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars) EPOXY-COATED, VINYL-COATED, OR PLASTIC: COATED BRIGHT BASIC WIRE BAR SUPPORTS— which are intended for use in situations of moderate to maximum exposure where no grinding or sandblasting of the concrete surface is required, They are generally used when epoxy-coated reinforcing bars are required.CHAPTER 3 BAR SUPPORTS Epoxy-coated, vinyl-coated, or plastic-coated wire bar supports generally are fabricated from cold-drawn carbon steel wire in accordance with the AS&W wire sizes and ‘gcometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2. Class 1A bar supports are woually available in Types SB, BB, HC BC and CHG, which are furnished with radins be legs in the form of a hook at the lower end of the legs. ‘The hook generally consists of elevating the cut end of the leg at least e inch [8 mm] above the supporting formwork. Also available are Types SBU, BBU and CHCU. Following cervent industry recommendations, a mini- ‘mum S-mil [125 jum) thickness of coating, or thickness as specified, may be applied by the electrostatic spray method or fluidized bed method. Prior to application of the coating, the wire should be cleaned (0 ensure proper adhesion and bond of the dielectric material. Mer curing, the coating should be free of holes, voids, cracks and deficient areas. Hanger marks are permissible and should not be cause for rejection. If any of these deficiencies occur during the coating application process, they should be repaired in accordance with the patching material manufacturer's recommendations, Itis also common practice in the field to repair small areas of coating that are damaged during shipment. 3.2.7 Class 2—Moderate Protection STAINLESS STEEL PROTECTED WIRE BAR SUP- PORTS—which are intended for use in situations of moderate exposure and/or situations requiring light .gtinding (1/16 inch [1.6.mm) maximum) or sandblasting of the concrete surface. Class 2 protection may be obtained by use of either Type A or B Stainless Stee! Protected Wire Bar Supports. The difference between ‘Type A and Type B supports is the length of the stainless steel tip attached at the bottom of each leg to the bright basic wire. Caution is advised when using Class 2 bar supports subjected to severe conditions of exposure to sea water, or an atmosphere containing highly corrosive chemicals. Tests indicate, however, that the product should with- stand deterioration with equal ability to the concrete sur- rounding it. Any grinding done to concrete surfaces should be done with an iron free wheel, such as an alu- minum oxide wheel, to avoid entrapment of particles that produce rast. ‘Type A stainless steel protected wire bar supports are usually Types SB, BB, BC, JC, HC and GHC, and are generally fabricated from cold-drawn stee! wire in accordance with the AS&W wite sizes and in the typical geometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2. A tip of stainless steel is attached to the bottom of each leg such that no portion of the non-stainless steel wire lies closer than ¥% inch [6 mm] from the forms surface. Following current industry practice, the legs of the bar support may be fabricated wholly from stainless steel wire without the addition of staimless steel tips. ‘Type B stainless stee! protected wire bar supports are generally fabricated from cold-drawn steel wire so that not any non-stainless steel wire of the bar support lies loser than % inch [19 mm] from the form surface. If required by design, protection exceeding % inch [19 mm] is available by special order. ‘The stainless steel tip for Type A or Type B stainless steel protected wire bar supports generally is of size and shape to provide a bearing surface equivalent to the radius bearing described under Class I bar supports. Straight-end bearing legs are sometimes furnished for special applications. The stainless stee\'s generally specified to conform to ASTM Specification A493, AISI Type 430. Following current industry practice, the legs of the support may be manufactured from stainless steel wire or the legs may be fabricated from cold-drawn carbon steel ‘wire with stainless steel wire leg extensions attached to the bottom of each leg. The wire sizes and the geometrical dimensions generally conform to the requirements of “Table 5-2. The leg extensions generally are at least of the same gauige as the wire to which they are welded. The leg ‘extensions are usually so designed that ne portion of the carbon steel wire is closer than % inch [19 mm] from the form surface. The legs, or leg extensions, generally provide radius bearing equivalent to that required of Class 4 bar supports. The stainless steel wire is generally specified to conform to ASTM Specification A498, AISI Type 430. 3.28 Class 3—No Protection BRIGHT BASIC WIRE BAR SUPPORTS—which have no protection against rusting and which are intended for use in situations where surface blemishes can be tolerated, or where the bar supports do not come in contact with the exposed concrete surface. Bright basic wire bar supports are generally fabricated from cold-drawn carbon steel wire in accordance with the AS&W wire sizes and the geometrical dimensions shown in Table 3-2 ‘Types SB, BB, BC, JC, HC, and CHC are generally furnished with radius bearing legs as described under Glass 1 bar supports. Straightend bearing legs are sometimes furnished for special applications, ‘Types CHC, $B, BB and HC may be provided with earth-bearing bases (sand plates) of sheet metal having sufficient gage (thickness) and bearing area. Such supports are designated by the suffice “P"; ie., CHOP, SB, BBR, or HCP Eatth-bearing bases are usually confined to Class 8 supports only 32§ CHAPTER 3 BAR SUPPORTS — ‘Types SB, BB, and CHC may be provided with horizontal rmner wires, allowing the bar support to rest on a lower mat of reinforcing bars. Such supports are desi nated by the suffix "U"; Le., SBU, BBU, or CHC Supports with horizontal runner wires are usually confined to Class 8 supports only. 3.3. Precast Concrete Bar Supports Precast concrete bar supports are normally supplied in three styles: (1) plain, (2) with wires, and (3) deweled. Plain precast concrete bar supports are used (0 support reinforcing bars off the ground. Precast concrete bar supports with wires are uted in applications such as where it is necessary to maintain position of the support by tying it to the reinforcing bars, Precast concrete bar supports with wires are commonly supplied with two 16-gauge tie wires embedded in the center. Doweled precast concrete bar supports are cast with a hole in the center, approximately 2% inches [57 mm] deep, and large enough to insert a #4 [#18] reinforcing bar with a 90° bend at the top. The 90° bend at the top is used to support top bars above the precast concrete bar support. At the same time, the precast concrete bar support can be used to support bottom bars off the ground by placing the bars on either side of the dowel bar. Precast concrete bar supports can also be used to support vertical reinforcement as in a drilled shaft, by placing the supports under the vertical bars of the reinforcing bar cage ‘The types and sizes of precast concrete bar supports thar are usually available are shown in Table 3-3. Itis recommended that the Supplier review the project specifications for the required concrete color and compressive strength. Precast concrete bar supports can also be furnished in other sizes needed for unusual project conditions, by special arrangement with the Supplier. Precast concrete bar supports provide maximum rust protection, ie, Class 1 3.4. All-Plastic Bar Supports The industry practices presented in this section are intended to serve as a guide for the selection and utiliza- tion of all-plastic bar supports used to position reinfore- ing bars in reinforced concrete. All-plastic bar supports may have a snap-on action or other method of attachment. All-plastic supports are lightweight, non-porous and chemically inert in concrete, Properly designed all-plastic bar supports should have rounded seatings to avoid punching holes in the formwork and should not deform under load when subjected to normal temperatures encountered in use nor should they shatter or severely crack under impact loading when used in cold weather. According to one report, since all-plastic bar supports are subject to temperature effects, they should have at least 25% of their gross plane area perforated to compensate for the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion beween the plastic and concrete.* Also according to this same report, allplastic supports should not be placed closer than 12 inches [300 mm] apart along a reinforcing bar All-plastic bar supports will not rust, therefore eliminating blemishes on the surface of the concrete, These supports are particularly suitable in situations of moderate to severe exposure or when grinding of the concrete is necessary. All-plastic supports may be used to support epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (see Section 3.6). These bar supports provide maximum rust protection, i.e., Class 1. The types and sizes of all-plastic bar supports that are generally available are shown in Table 3-4. 3.5. Side-Form Spacers A side-form spacer is a type of bar support which is used to maintain side concrete cover on the reinforcing bars against a vertical form, such as for walls and piers. Spacers can also be used to align a reinforcing bar cage in, a drilled shaft. Spacers can be made of steel wire, precast concrete, or plastic. Precast concrete side-form spacers for caisson applications are generally furnished with mul- tiple sets of wires to minimize support movement when positioned. As noted in Section 3.4, because all-plastic side-form spacers are subject to temperature effects, they’ should have at least 25% of their gross plane area perforated to compensate for the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the plastic and concrete. Examples of side-form spacers are SBC wire bar supports, DSSS and DSWS precast concrete bar supports, and WS, DSWS and VLWS all-plastic bar supports. 3.6. Recommendations for Bar Supports for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars are widely used as a corrosion-protection system for reinforced concrete struc tures, Compatible types of bar supports should be used to support epoxy-coated reinforcing bars. 1, Wire har supports should be coated entirely with dielectric material such as epoxy or plastic, compatible with concrete, or; 2. Bar supports should be made of dielectric material such as plastic or precast concrete; if precast concrete blocks with embedded tie wires or precast concrete doweled blocks are used, the wires or dowels should be epoxy-coated or plastic-coated; or; ‘Selection of Bar Spacer for Reinforced Concrete” by M. Levit and MAR. Herbert, Concrete, November 1968, Cement’ and Concrete Association, London. [In the UK, the term “spaces” covers “bar stp ors" and “side-form spacers”CHAPTER 3 BAR SUPPORTS TABLE 3-1 TYPICAL TYPES AND SIZES OF WIRE BAR SUPPORTS SER SOPRORTTSTRATON [TREO arusor | __@AR SUPPORT MuvsTHATION TAR SUPPORT MLTSTRATON | TPESE | rrpyas sues = Se ote | eth ae qw 4 mhagnsing = tide ca oo = ‘Upper ss = Beam Bolster | 1, 1%, 2105 in. q TS, olin in eromonts AA oi'n lng carrey Sr om sau" = = Inada 1, 14, and 1% in. * ft oma SR wer [Bac I a ae DIPPED iePED ct a Individual 2to 15 in. heights: | tig ehaie | intnroment tn J correo I co Tegner | 210 13h haga | tr inipromene ot | tt Once one — Cortinuous | Samees HC in J \ T I High Chair | 5 ft and 10 felenotne me N 5 ah a capPeD — eno" Sn Continuous | Same \ High Chair . ~ Upper Sa ccncwr = ‘Upto Sin. nelghts| | | | in incremeens. yeu" ea 0418 or ese ata “M10 4'b 14 in. span; heights. : ' Sopra eT Bar D, fin. [mm] fin, [mm] size | nim) pie + AorG J AorG 24"[60 mm] Min, 180° #31810) | 2% (60) | 051125) | 0-9 180) | 0-6 (150) #41813) | 3180) | 0-6 (150) | 0-4,105) | 0-8 (200) #5 016) | 934 [05) | 0-71175) | 05 [130] | 0-10 (250) #6 (#19) | 4% (115) | 0-8 (200) | 0-6 [155] | 1-0 (300) #7 (#22) | Su [136] | 0-10 [250] 07 [180] | 1-2 [375] #8 825) | 6 (155). | 0-14 275]] 0-8 [205] | 1-4 [425] #9 (829) | 9% (240) | 1-31975] ]o-115 (3001) 1-7 [475] | #10 [#32] | 102% 275) | 1-5 {428} | 11% (935]| 1-10 [550] it (#36) | 12 [305] | 1-7 [475] | 12% [S75] | 2-0 [600] #14 [¢43] | 18% (468) | 2-3 [675] | 1-934 (550) | 2-7 [775] ‘o fyteel| eon] sates |revisal avr | = gge 4 90° AND 135° STIRRUP AND TIE HOOKS 135° SEISMIC. STIRRUP/TIE HOOKS 126 for 46.7.8 [st9, 2 Dimension aut 135° STIRRUP (TIES SIMILAR) 195° SEISMIC STIRRUP/TIE STIRRUP AND TIE HOOK DIMENSIONS HOOK DIMENSIONS ‘ALL GRADES OF STEEL ALL GRADES OF STEEL 90° Hook, 195° Hook, > Hook, in. [nm] Bar p. | fein. fmm} in, (mm) Bar D, “Bere Lita] Size in. [mm] [Hook Hook’ 4 Size in. (mm] [Hook A AorG | AorG | (Approx) Aor _| (Approx) w3te10] | 1% (40) | 0-4 (105) | 4 (105) | 2 (65) #310) | 1% (40) | 44 (ro) | 3180) eaters} | 2050) | 0-4% [115]] 4% 1175) | 3 [00] #413] | 2150] | 4 [115] | 380] #5 (#16) |_2¥ [65] _| 0-6 [155] | 5% (140) | 3% (95) #5 (n16] | 2% [65] | 5 [t40] | 9% (95) ¥6 (FI) | 4 [115] | 1-0(905) |e (205) | 4k [115] Hera) | 4 [M15] | 8205] [4 [110] #7 #22} | 5% (135) | 1-21958) | 91230) | 5% (135) #7 (w22 | 5% [135] | 9 [230] | 5% [195] 9 #25] | 6155) | 1-4,410} | 10% [2701] 6 (155) #8 (425) | 61158) | 10% 2701} 61155] 6-5CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDED FOR DETAILING RE TRY PRACTICE ‘CING MATERIALS 6.6. Reinforcing Bars for Masonry Construction 6.6.1 General Information This discussion is concerned with reinforced masonry walls constructed using concrete masonry units (CMU), or often called “concrete block.” Concrete masonry units are furnished in two types, closed end or open end. The use of either type may be specified by the ArchitecJEngineer or may depend on the masonry Contractor's judgment for the most economical applica~ tion. The choice of whether to use low-lift or high-lft grouting procedures depends on requirements in the project. specifications, and the procedure chosen will determine where to splice the vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars. ‘The minimum amount of reinforcing bars required in the vertical and horizontal direction of a masonry wall will be prescribed in the governing building code. Additional bars, if required, should be shown on the project drawings or specified in the project specifications. if very little or no lateral load resistance is necessary, the wall may be reinforced with widely spaced #4 or #5 [#13 or #16] vertical bars and with masonry joint reinforce- ‘ment—horizontal reinforcement consisting of wire in a ladder or truss configuration placed in the mortar joints every 2 feet (600 mm]. In addition, ewo to four concinu- ous bars (usually #4 or #5 [#13 or #16)) are placed in the wall footing and in a bond beam atthe top of the wall. For walls required to provide lateral load resistance, the horizontal masonry joint reinforcement is usually replaced with reinforcing bars. Both vertical and horizontal bars are placed within the cells which are to be filled with grout. The bar size and spacing should be shown on the project drawings or specified in the project specifications. 6.6.2 Supplying Reinforcing Bars For Masonry Construction Generally, reinforcing bars for masonry are supplied upon an agreement between Buyer and Seller. This agreement should spell out how the reinforcing bars will be detailed and furnished. In many instances, the Buyer will provide the bar lists and no placing drawings are fur nished. If placing drawings are to be furnished, the Buyer should notify the Seller at what height the vertical bars are to be spliced, whether horizontal bars are to be detailed and cut to length or cut to fit from stock, and the maximum length of stock to be furnished. 6-6 6.6.3 Detailing Reinforcing Bars For Masonry Construction Reinforcing bars for masoary construction are detailed in a similar manner as reinforcing bars are detailed for reinforced concrete walls, usually according to locally or regionally accepted practices, or according to the ACI Detailing Manual, with all openings shown includ ing corner, sill, jamb, and lintel details. In general, only reinforcing bars are detailed unless other reinforcement is specifically requested by the Buyer. Prior to detailing the reinforcing bars, the Detailer should verify the type and dimensions of the CMU, whether low-ift or high-lift grouting procedures will be used and where bars will be lap spliced. 6.6.4 Horizontal Reinforcing Bars In general, horizontal bars are detailed and furnished cut to length, with the longest length either 20 o 30 feet {6 or 9 m] depending on the local or regional practices of laying up the block. Corner bars and stirrups in bond beams and lintel beams are detailed to fit within the confines of the block cell dimensions as shown on the project drawings, 6.6.5 Vertical Reinforcing Bars In general, vertical bars #6 [#19] and smaller are detailed and furnished for low-lift grouting procedures in 4 feet [1.2 m] lengths plus the specified lap splice length for each successive lift of wall height. When high-lft grouting procedures are specified, open end blocks are Usually selected and the vertical bars are detailed to the high-lift grout dimensions plus the specified lap splice length, if required ‘Vertical bars #7 [#22] and larger (and sometimes #6 [#19}) are furnished full-height of wall or floor-to-floor height plus a lap splice, if required. In many instances, lange vertical bars may be spliced using a mechanical splice. 6.6.6 Pilaster Reinforcing Bars Vertical bars for pilasters are detailed in lengths con- sistent with the other vertical wall bars. Ties are detailed to be placed in the mortar joint between block courses or detailed to fit within the confines of the cell dimensions, depending on the pilaster dimensions and the size and number of vertical bars encased.CHAPTER 6 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR DETAILING REINFORCING MATERIALS 6.6.7 Estimating Reinforcing Bars For Masonry Work 6.6.8 Recommendation The Seller's Estimator must become familiar with the A standard practice for furnishing reinforcing bars for local masonry Contractors’ practices, but in general, rein- masonry construction can not be recommended. The bar forcing bars for masonry walls are estimated in a similar lengths and lap splice locations are dependent on the manner and method as for reinforced concrete walls. method of construction, the type of concrete block select- Sometimes, the Estimator or the Buyer may use a fac- ed, and the grouting procedures to be used. There is a tored method based on linear feet of wall or square feet wide variation in practice in many geographic areas, and of wall area. often times variations can occur within the same region. The Seller of reinforcing steel should contact the Buyer in order to determine the specific manner in which reinforcing bars are to be detailed and supplied. 6-74d, es fe 2. rwesa rea cates ee sesprsv €32 t oa ta ee ev ew eweCHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED IND OF REINFORCI STR U; NGM. 'Y. ATI PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION ERIALS AND SERVICES 7.7. Special Fabrication 1, See Section 5.5, Chapter 5. NOMINALLY SQUARE SAW-CUT ENDS. Recom- mended maximum gap tolerance for butt-spliced bars which wansmit compressive stresses through direct end-bearing is as follows: For adequate structural performance, the total angular deviation of the gap should not exceed 3° for end- bearing compression splices, as shown in Fig. 7-1 Maximum gap angle on erected end-bearing splices in compression od, ~ FP should be 3° FIGURE 7-1 MAXIMUM GAP ANGLE ‘To achieve a proper fit in the field, the ends of the bars must be sav-cut, or otherwise cut in such a manner as to provide a reasonably flat surface. It is recommend- fed that the end deviation of an individual bar from “square” not exceed 14° for a compression splice, when measured from a right angle 10 the end 12 inches [300 mm] of the bar shown in Fig. 7-2. Relative rotation or other field adjustment of the bars may be necessary during erection 10 secure a fit which falls within the recoma- mended gap angle limits 12" [300 mm} at end of bar Maximum deviation from “square” to the end 12 Inches [300 mm] of the bar (bar sizes #8 through {#16 [25 through #57)) should be 1%° for compression splices, FIGURE 7-2 MAXIMUM END DEVIATION It is not intended that bars. saw-cut for tension imechanicat splices meet the ACI Building Code mandat- ed tolerances for end-bearing (compression) splices for ‘maximum deviation and gap. Refer to the manufacturer of tension-compression mechanical splices for maximuam end deviation of shear- cut or flame-cut bar ends to ensure adequate thread engagement in couplers or adequate length of bar defor- ‘mations in sleeve-type mechanical splices. ‘TABLE 7-1 MAXIMUM GAP AND END DEVIATION" ‘Approx Maximum | Approx, Maximum parses Gap, ‘End Deviation, in, [mm] in, (mm) #8 [#25] ‘64 [1.3] 132 (0.7) #9 [#29] 16 (1.5) 1/32 [0.8) #10 (#22) 46 (1.7) 1182 [0.8] #1 (436) 5164 [1.9] 1792 [0.9] #14 [#43], 9/32 [2.3] 9/64 [1.1] #18 (0571 18 (3.0) ie (1.5) “Babed on nominal ba ameles 7.8. Radial Prefabricat For industry recommendations oa racial prefabrication, see Section 5.6, Chapter 5. 7.9. Spirals 1. DIMENSIONS, FINISHING TURNS, SPACERS, AND SHIPPING. See Sections 5.9.7 and 5.10, Chapter 5 MINIMUM DIAMETER OF COLLAPSIBLE SPI- RALS, Some spirals, because of their smal! diaceter, cannot be collapsed. They are generally shipped with the spacers mounted and spaced. Spirals that include spacers are called “assembled spirals.” Table 7-2 shows che minimum diameter of collapsible spirals, related to the nominal bar diameter TABLE 7-2 MINIMUM DIAMETER OF ‘COLLAPSIBLE SPIRAL. Minimum Outside Diameter of Spiral Bar Size Collapsible Spiral, in. {mm Wein or #3 18 [19 mm or #10) (450) “Rin. ores 78 (13 mm or #13} (950) oF #5 [16 mm or #16] %in, or #6 [19 mm or #19 7.10. Loading Limits ‘Table 7-8 shows, for various radii of bending, the maximum length of a reinforcing bar that after bending will not exceed 7/4” [2.2 m] from a straight line between the ends of the bar and the maximum rise of the arc — 7-2Part a Paes Prt Po ee ee ee Pe PI PS PS lel le leCHAPTER 7 RECOMME NDED IN! OF od DUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABR REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES ICATION Similarly, for L-shaped bars, the right angle dimension from the apex to a straight line between the ends of the bar should not exceed 7'-4" [2.2 m]. See Table 7. The above discussion applies to a single bar. Bundles of bars occupy a greater space, therefore, the 7-4" (2.2 m] limit has been selected in an efforc to limit the bundle size to the 8-0" [24 m] maximum load width. Generally, shipping widths greater than 8’-0" [2.4 m] requite the permission of authorities or must be shipped under special freight rates. 7.11. Extra Work or Materials Any work or materials desired iar addition to that specified in the contract are not furnished until instructions in writing have been issued by the Buyer to the Seller, at an agreed extra cost. The Buyer is credited, less estimating and detailing charges if any, only for omissions or deduce tions due to changes in contract requirements. The Seller is not required, nor expected, to make the unit prices far additions to, as for deductions from, the same as in the original contract. 7.12. Special Ser Certain speciahy services are not customarily ren- dered by the Fabricator unless specifically requested. Accordingly, if the Buyer expects the Fabricator to perform any services such as the following, they should be so specified. 1, Bar dhreading. 2. Galvanizing and epoxy coating. 3. Painting, dipping or coating 4. Bending or cutting to special tolerances. 5. Non-standard bends, or end preparation not otherwise defined. ‘Owner's Quality Assurance/Control Requirements. Welding. 7.13. Special Items Similarly, the following speciafty items are customari ly supplied by che Fabricator only if specified by the Buyer: 1. Mechanical splices. 2. Anchors or studs 3. Pick-up inserts 4. In tilt-up construction, additional reinforcing steel required at panel pick-up points. Plain dowels and sleeves. Specialty items for positioning masonry work. 6. 7, Wire and plain bars, other than spirals. 8. All prestressing materials and accessories. 9. Reinforcing bars or studs welded to structural steel or miscellaneous metal. 10, Bar raising and positioning accessories. 11. Reinforcing bars for architectural precast concrete. 12, Dowel bar substitutions.Pa rim Fira ee rs ft tt be he es et eS PS PS Slee leCHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED IN OF REINFOR DUSTRY. CING M. P IATERIALS AND S FOR FABRICATION RACTICE SERVICES 1, Introduction In this chapter recommended industry practices in deliveries, shipping limits, standard tolerances, and certain contractual relationships accepted in the industry are presented. 7.2. Quality and Inspection Reinforcing bars with rust, mill scale, or a combination of both should be considered as satisfactory, provided the minimum dimensions, including height of defor- mations, and weight of a handswire-brushed test speci- ‘men are not less than the applicable ASTM specification requirements. Inspections authorized by parties other than the Seller for quality of reinforcing stee! and related materials are to be made at the rolling mill or fabricating shop prior to cutting or fabrication for shipment. The total ost of fabrication, including any expense for testing, is, borne by the Buyer. Certified mill test reports are supplied on request. 7.3. Bending 1. GENERAL. Reinforcing bars should be fabricated accurately to the dimensions shown on the bending details, within tolerances given in this chapter. Bars should be bent cold, unless otherwise authorized, and should not be bent or straightened in a manner that will injure the material. All end hooks should conform to the dimensions defined as “Standard Hooks” as shown on page 6-5. 2. LIGHT BENDING. See Section 5.5, Chapter 5. 3. HEAVY BENDING. See Section 5.5, Chapter 5. 4, SPECIAL BENDING. See Section 5.5, Chapter 5. 7.4, Standard Bundling and Tagging 7.4.1 Bundles A bundle should consist of one size, length, or mark (bent) of reinforcing bars with the following exceptions: 1, Small quantities of bars may be bundled together for convenience, 2. Groups of varying bar lengths or marks (bent) that will be placed adjacent may be bundled together 7.4.2 Lifts Lifts are lassified in two categories: shop lifts and field lifts. Shop lifts generally are units of reinforcing bars, as loaded for shipment. Field lifts generally are units of reinforcing bars as required for field handling by the Contractor. A field lift may consist of single bundles or two or more smaller bundles tied together. A shop lift may consist of one or more bundles, the same as field lifts, orconsist of two or more field lifts. Straight and bent bars, will not be combined in the same lift. 7.4.3 Weights of Bundles or Lifts Maximum weight of bundles or lifts is dependent on. regional practices and job-site conditions. 7.44 Ties Bundles and lifis should be securely tied; gage and spacing of ties should be as follows: minimum No. 9 gage wire for large bundles and/or lifts; minimum No. 12 gage wire for small bundles. Ties are generally spaced 10 to 15 feet [3 0 4.5 m] on centers, Ties are not intended for use in lifting bundles. 7.45 Tags ‘Tags shouid be made of durable and waterproof material and marked in a legible manner with waterproof markings; one tag per bundle, attached by wire. Identification tags should show the grade of steel, number of pieces, size, and mark or length of bars.* 7.5. Special Bundling and Tagging 1. Special bundling may include, but is not restricted to, the following: 1, Bundles and/or lifts required to weigh less than normally dictated by regional practices and job- site conditions. 2, Bundles andjor lifts required to contain both straight and bent bars. 3, Bundles required to contain more than one bar size or length (except as noted in Section 7.4.1), 2. Special tagging will include any provisions additional to Section 7.4.5. 3. Unless otherwise agreed to by the Buyer and Seller, contracts will include standard bundling and tagging only. 7.6. Standard Fabrication All fabricating tolerances will be in accordance with Figures 7-3 and 7-4, unless otherwise agreed to by the Buyer and Seller. “ic should be recognized that the legibility of markings on tags has a finite life. When bundles of reinforcing bars are stored out- {doors fora long period of time, fading of the markings on non-metallic tags, or oxidation of the markings on metal tags can be ‘expected to occur, —_————— —————— TACHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES FIGURE 7-3 STANDARD FABRICATING TOLERANCES -ACI 315 For bar sizes #3 through #11 [#10 through #36] STRAIGHT \ I. 2 ® [ | | 6 Oz oF ® 2. Oi e Fy et TOLERANCE SYMBOLS in. (15 mm] for bar sizes #3, #4 and #5 (#10, #13 and #16) gross length < 12'-0" [3.5 m)) +1 in. (25 mm] for bar sizes #3, #4 and #5 (#10, #13 and #16) (gross length 2 12'-0" [3.5 m)) +L in, [25 mm] for bar sizes #6, #7 and #8 (#19, #22 and #25) [25 mm) Ye in, (15 mm} [15 mm] [15 mm] for diameter < 30 in. (750 mm] (25 mmm] for diameter > 30 in. {750 mm] 5% x “O” dimension, 2 +2 in, (50 mm] minimum, i DEVIATION'* @ Neh see note q A [7 ancutan ‘All olerances single plane and as shown. ‘Dimensions on ths ine ave tobe within tolerance shown bat are not oder from the opposite parallel dimension more than in. (19mm) **Anglar Deviations £215" or Vs muf (40 mma, but not ese than Yin, (15 mm) onal 90 hooks ane tends, ‘If application of pose wolerance vo Bend Type 9 results in 2 chord length notte than the are orb length the bar maybe shipped rahe “Trance for Bend Types St through Se, $1, T1 through TS, 76 through “To apiy to bar sues #3 Uough #8 [#10 Uuough #25] inclusive ony El TAi CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES FIGURE 7-3 STANDARD FABRICATING TOLERANCES -ACI 315 (CONT.) For bar sizes #3 through #11 [#10 through #36] (SOMETRIC STANDEE VIEW) (ISOMETRIC. 4 @ a_i [tO 8. : 7 : 1 eg 24 @ + + 8 e tot a I: I 2 = = ‘ e 8 ® ft - 7 Fy ‘+ in, (15 mm] for bar sizes #3, #4 and # (#10, #13 and #16] gross length < 12-0" (3. in, (25 mm] for bar sizes #3, #4 and #: #10, #13 and #16] (gross length > 12'-0" [3.5 mi) @ SPIRAL ‘1 in, (25 mm] for bar sizes #6, #7 and #8 (#19, #22 and #25] 2 = 21in. [25 mm) 3 = +0,—4in, (15 mm) Alcano gu pare 4= 24%. (15 mm] < Dima on ioe tet nike shown tt ier 5 = 2% in [15 mm] for diameter <0 in. (750 mm] | Tose beiansiarman 2 2 (40 mn 0m 5 = 21 in.(25 mm} for diameter > 80 in. (750.mm) | gon'Sin emmy ena assndbeds 6 = 21.5% x “O” dimension, 2 +2 in. [50 mm] *"Irappliation of postive toleraner to Bend Type 9 reals n a chord length wninimaan perl an tr arr gh ama tapped se Tolerancts for Bend Types S1 through $6, S11, TL through T3, 76 dough “T9 apply wor sires #8 through #8 [#10 through #25] inchsve on 75CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES FIGURE 7-4 STANDARD FABRICATING TOLERANCES -ACI 315 € For bar sizes #14 and #18 [#43 and #57] STRAIGHT. —————________ a > ® (roy oO tS TY] 7 | 7 ®7 DS + ' 7 7 { 4 © = VNZT ® t 7 7} op, z t & z ot € tt # 7 — @7|\- ? 4 4 © scr 5 t 7 t z L t © 7 t 7 t TOLERANCE SYMBOLS | symbol #14 [#49] #18 (#57) @7 C x /? 7 + 2% in. [65 mm | + 3% in, [90 mm] tw 8 2in. (50 mmj | +2 in. (60mm) t 7 9 © 194 in, [40 mm] | #2 in. [50 mm} 40 =2%x dimension, >| + 2% in. [65 mm] | + 3% in. [90 mm] min, min var or bar length, the bar maybe shipped straight.CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES { @ FIGURE 7-4 STANDARD FABRICATING TOLERANCES-ACI 315 (CONT.) ; For bar sizes #14 and #18 [#43 and #57] 1@ @ fF Sofa’ se Note 1 Fs 7 Na ANGULAR DEVIATION** 4 cz | + ‘TOLERANCE SYMBOLS symbol #14 [449] #18 (4571 7 = 2% In. [65 mm] in, (90 mm} 8 = 2 in, [50 mm] in. [50 mm] 9 + 1¥% In, [40 mm] | + 2 in. [50 mm] 10.= 2% x"Or dimension, 2 | + 2% in, {65 mm} | = 3% in. [90 mm} min. min. wok and bens. ht le ham eae bt engi the bar my be shipped igh 7-7CHAPTER 7 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR FABRICATION OF REINFORCING MATERIALS AND SERVICES TABLE 7-5 MAXIMUM ARC LENGTH FOR SHIPPING* MAX MAX | MAX LENGTH eS BOWS LENGTH! RADIUS | LENGTH} 205" rz sre | 55-8" 20'-3" 42'-6' 52'-0" | 55-11" 20-7" 43-07 52-6" | 56-2" 21-0" a6 53-07 | 56-57 are" a0" 53-67 eet 46-67 34-07 2-8" 45-0" 54-67 233 45-67 55-07 23-10" 46-07 55-67 28-8 46-6" 58-07 50-6" 70° 48-0" 57-6" 497-6" 58-0" 497-0" 58-6" 59-0" 59-6" 507-6" 60-0 51-0" 60-6" “Bee Section 5.6, Chapter 6 for racial prefabration lms Tingh = 25:4 mim “Limited by assumed maximum stock length of 60 feet TABLE 7-6 MAXIMUM RIGHT ANGLE LEG FOR SHIPPING iE a sHomTen suomten] duttn | sHoarer tee oe ie | oe wer tae [oe erie eer 19-0 | 37 8-10" 9-10" 1 Bo 0" ot 10-4 Tinch = 25.47CHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDED IN PLACIN DUSTRY PRACTICE FOR IG REINFO! ORCING BARS* 8.1. introduction ‘These recommendations for placing reinforcing bars are partially based upon the ACI Buikting Code. 8.2. General Reinforcing bars should be accurately placed in the positions shown on the placing drawings, adequately tied and supported before concrete is placed, and secured against displacement within the tolerances recontmended in Section 8.8. ‘Welding of crossing bars (tack welding) should not be d for assembly of reinforcement unless authorized by che Architecv/Engineer. 8.3. Surface Condition of Reinforcing Bars At the time of concrete placement, all reinforcing bars should be free of mud, oil, or other deleterious materials. Reinforcing bars with rust, mill scale, or a combination of | both should be considered as satisfactory, provided the minimum dimensions, weight, and height of deforma- tions of a handswire-brushed test specimen are not less than the applicable ASTM specification requirements 8.4, Field Bending of Reinforcing Bars Reinforcing bars should not be field bent or straightened in a manner that will reduce their strength or duc- tivity. Bars with kinks or improper bends should not be used. No reinforcing bars partially embedded in hard- ened concrete should be field bent, except for: 1, Realignment of #3 through #6 (#10 through #19) bars up to about 2 45° bend. 2. Realignment of #7 through #18 (#22 through #57] bars up to about 80° bend 3. Those reinforcing bars as shown on the project drawings or permitted by the ArchitecvEnginecr, 8.5. Spacing of Reinforcing Bars ‘The clear distance between parallel reinforcing bars in a layer should not be less than the nominal diameter of the bars, nor } inch (25 mun}. Clear distance should also not be less than one and one-third times the nominal maximum size of the coarse aggregate, except if in the judgment of the Architec’/Engineer, workability and methods of consolidation are such that concrete can be placed without honeycomb or voids. Where parallel reinforcement is placed in two or more layers, the bars in the upper layers should be placed directly above those in the bottom layer with the clear distance between layers not less than { inch [25 mm}. Groups of parallel reinforcing bars bundled in contact, assumed to act a8 4 unit, noe more than four in any fone bundle may be used only when stirrups or ties enclose the bundle. Reinforcing bars larger than #11 [#36] should not be bundled in beazas or girders. Individual bars in a bundle cut off within the span of flexural members should terminate at different points with at least 40 bar diameters of stagger. Where spacing lintita- tions and minimum concrete cover are based on bat size, a unit of bundled bars should be treated as a single bar of a diameter derived from the equivalent total area. In walls and slabs other than concrete joist construction, the principal reinforcement should not be spaced farther apart than three times the wall or slab thickness, nor more thant 18 inches (450 mm), In spirally reinforced and tied columns, the clear distance between longitudinal reinforcing bars should aor be less chazt one and one-half times the nominal bar diame- tes, nor 1% inches [40 mm]. ‘The clear distance limitation benseen bars should also apply (0 the clear distance between a contact lap splice and adjacent splices or bars, 8.6. Splices in Reinforcing Bars** 8.6.1 General Splicing of reinforcing bars should be either lap splices, mechanical splices or welded splices. Splices of reinforcing bars should be made only as required or permitted on che project drawings or in the project specifications, or as authorized by the ArchitecEngineer. 8.6.2 Lap Splices Lap splices of #14 and #18 [#43 and #57] bars should not be used, except in compression only to #11 {#36] and smaller bars. Lap splices of bundled bars should be based on the lap splice length recommended for individual bars of the same size as the bars spliced, and such individual splices within the bundle should not overlap each other. The length of lap should be increased 20 percent for a S-bar bundle and 38 percent for a 4-bar bundle. Bar laps placed in contact should be securely wired together in such a manner as to maimtain the alignment ‘of the bars and to provide minimum clearances. Bars spliced by moncontact lap splices in flexural members should not be spaced sransversely farther apart than one-fifth the required length of lap nor 6 inches [150 mm]. “For further recommendations on bar placement, see Placing Reinforcing Bars available from the Concrete Reinforcing Steel Instinute See Reinforcement Anchorazes and Splies by the Concrete Reinforcing Stee! Insticute —— eee 8-1CHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR PLACING REINFORCING BARS 8.6.3 Mechanical Splices Mechanical splices should be installed in accordance ‘with the Manufacturers’ recommendations. 8.6.4 Welded Splices All welding should conform to the current edition of "Structural Welding Code—Reinforcing Steel” (ANSI! AWS DL4), 8.7. Embedment and Extensions Bottom reinforcing bars in beams should extend at Jeast 6 inches [150 mm} into the support. Bottom bars in, slabs or joists should extend into the support to the limn- its of the specified concrete cover or 6 inches [150 mm], whichever is less. Generally, in one-way continuous construction, unless otherwise called for on the project drawings or in the project specifications, the top reinforcing bars should extend into adjacent spans to 0.30 of the greater clear span length beyond the far face of the support. Generally at discontinuous ends, top bars should extend imo we span at least 0.95 of the clear span length beyond the face of the support and extend into the support to the specified concrete cover at the outer faces of the members into which they frame, For structural integrity, a prescribed portion of the ‘bowtam and top reinforcement must be made continuous with the reinforcement in the adjacent spans and terminate with a standard hook at the exterior supports. See Section 14 in Chapter 4. 8.8. Tolerances in Placement Unless otherwise specified, reinforcing bars shoutd be placed within the following tolerances: 1. Tolerance for depth, d, and minimum concrete cover in flexural members, walls and colurans should be as follows: ‘Tolerance on Tolerance ond | minimum concrete ‘cover d-< Bin, (200 mm} | = 3/8 in. [10 mm] | ~3/8 in. [10 mm} > Bin. (200 men} | + 1/2 in. [12 mm] | 1/2 in. (12 mm} Note: dis the specified effective depth, Except that the tolerance for the clear distance to formed soffits shoukd be ~"% inch (6 mm}, and the tolerance for concrete cover should not exceed minus, one-third of the minimum cover required on the project drawings or in the project specifications. 82 2. Tolerance for the longitudinal location of bends and ends of bars should be +2 inches (50 mum} except at discontinuous ends of members where the tolerance should be =1 inch [25 mm] 3. As long as the total number of bars specified is main- tained, a reasonable tolerance in spacing individual bars is +2 inches (50 mm], except where openings, inserts and embedded items might require some additional shifting of bars. 4. Tolerance for length of taps in lap splices should be =1 inch [25 mm]. 5. Tolerance for embedded length should be -1 inch [25 mmj for #3 through #11 [#10 through #36] bars, and ~2 inches (50 mm] for #14 and #18 [#43 and #57) bars. 8.9, Bar Supports ‘The use of bar supports should follow the industry practices presented in Chapter 3 of this Manual Placing reinforcement on layers of fresh concrete as the work progresses and adjusting the bars during the placing of concrete should not be permitted. The required positioning of supports in post-tensioned construction to provide the proper profile of the tendons should be in accordance with the placing drawings provided by the post-tensioning Contracot and approved by the Architect/Engineer. The sequence of placing reinforcing bars in conjunction with tendons and/or ducts should be the responsibility of the Architect/Engineer. 8.10. Concrete Protection for Reinforcing Bars The following minimum concrete cover should be provided for reinforcing bars. For bundled bars, the minimum cover should be equal to the equivalent diameter of the bundle but need got be greater than 2 inches [50 mimJ; except for concrete cast against and permanently ‘exposed to earth, the minimum cover should be 3 inches (75 mm}CHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRAC GHIGE FOR PLACING REINFORCIN' eG BAR: 1 9.10.1 Castin-Place Conerete (nonprestressed) Min. Concrete Cover; in, [mm] Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth . wnmned BERS 3 (75) Concrete exposed to earth or weather: #6 though #18 [#19 through #57]... een se 2 (50) #5 [#16] and smaller... arate He main we aa ta 1% 40) CConctete not exposed to weather of in contact with ground: Slabs, walls, joists #14 and #18 [#43 and #57] #3 84 64 Cv sat cesses 1 (40) #11 [#36] and smaller % — [20) Beams, columns: Primary reinforcement, ties, stitrups or spirals . cee ween Te YO Shells, folded plate members: #6 [#19] and larger... . Hp wea ve ae cece % [20] #5 [#16] and smaller se noun ge a AEE Hh gH wen oe mee HR TS 8.10.2 Precast Concrete (manufactured under plant control conditions) Min. Concrete Cover, in. (mm) (() Concrete exposed to earth or weather: ’ Wall panels: #14 and #18 [#43 and #57)... --... 0c eeveees ama a 1% 40) #11 [#36] and smaller... 600 eee aves [OL Other members: #14 and #18 (#43 and #57)....2.00.0. sions 2 [50] #6 through #1 [418 hough #30) : 3 vcs 1 140) #5 (#16) and smaller. . cas rineactengace oo Kgeneeres coe TA 18O Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground: Slabs, walls, joists: #14 and #18 [#48 and #57)....000. 0c eceeceeeees sites Wa (80) #11 (#36) and smaller... 2202000 gare Be nso 1th 115} Beams, columns: Primary reinforcement ... : cee 2am 9 ay Ties, stitrups or spirals % (0) Shells, folded plate members: #6 [#19] and larger... deena poe % 18) #5 [#16] and smalier....0.. ss. an cee Me (1) * But not less than % inches [15 mm] and need not exceed 11% inches [40 mm}.CHAPTER 9 REGOMME ENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE CONT RACT COMPONENTS 9.2.9 Waiting Time If delivery is to the jobsite and che Buyer delays unloading, a common provision requires Buyer to pay 8 an hour for the delay cause by Buyer. Such provisions should specify free time (if any) allowed for unloading. 9.2.10 Terms of Payment ‘Terms of payment for materials and services should be fully and exactly spelled out. Seller can reserve the right to charge interest on delinquent payments, Seller may include the right at all times to decline to make any ship- ments, deliveries or perform any work except upon receipt of payment or security or upon terms and conditions satisfactory to the Seller. 9.2.11 Delay or Impossibility to Perform Seller may consider contract provisions which excuse him for any delay or failure to perform his contract such as acts of God, war, riot, embargoes, acts of civil or mili tary authorities, laws or regulations, fires, floods, acci- dents, quarantine restrictions, strikes, contracmual differ ‘ences with workers, delays in transportation, shortage of railroad cars, fuel, labor or materials or any circum- stances or cause beyond the reasonable control of the Seller in the conduct of its business 9.2.12 Testing Certified mill test reports are commonly provided by the Seller at no cost to the Buyer when requested prior to fabrication. The cost of any additional testing should be specifically allocated in the contract between the Buyer and Seller. Under commonly accepted practice, Buyers, assume the cost of any testing in addition co the certified mill test reports 9.2.13 Buyer's Remedies Seller should carefully consider limiting its contractual obligation; for example, by stating that claims for any reason must be submitted within a certain period or sime after delivery or they will not be accepted. Generally, the Seller has the obligation of replacing all nonconforming material and assuming any necessary transportation charges. The Seller should consider providing that the Buyer's exclusive and sole remedy shall be to secure replacement from the seller, and/or that the Seller shall not be liable for the cost of any labor expended on any such material, and special direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages. Buyer's remedies, unless specifically provided for or waived in the contract, are set forth in detail by the Uniform Commercial Code. 9.2.14 Claims It is common practice to provide that claims for short- ages, isuproper fabrications or any other reason why materials are not acceptable or usable in the manner delivered shall be made by the Buyer in writing to Seller within a period of __ days after the materials are delivered to the Buyer. Ibis sometimes added that failure t0 make any claim within __ days shall constitute an irrev- ocable acceptance of the materials and an admission that they fully comply with the terms, conditions and specifications of this contract. Seller should caution Buyer to recover through carri- cer for any loss or damage in transit, except when Seller is supplier of the transportation mode. Buyer must take proper exceptions at time of delivery. 9.2.18 Taxes ‘A contract can specifically exclude applicable taxes and make provisions for such taxes to be assessed sepa- rately. The contract should define the Buyer's or Seller's responsibility for the cost of any excise, sales, use, retail- er’s occupation, value-added, gross receipts or similar tax which the Seller may be required to pay or collect, under existing or future law, upon or with respect to the sale, use, storage, consumption, purchase or delivery of material covered hereby, including any such excise or tax ‘measured by or upon the sales price or the gross receipts from the sales thereof. 9.2.16 Warranty Requests for a guarantee of 12 months are becoming, more common. Such guarantees, if presented, may be limited; for example, to the materials furnished. It may be unwise t0 include the completed structure for this ‘period of time because many factors could be responsible fos difficulties besides the reinforcing materials. In those states that have adopted the Uniform Commercial Code, statutes spell out warranty rights in considerable detail and should always be consulted. The following warranty provision shows some of the provisions that might be use- fal: Seller warrants that the materials to be supplied here- under will conform to the description on the face hereof; that will convey good title thereto; that such materials will be delivered free form any lawful security interest or other lien or encumbrance unknown to the customer; and that such materials will be merchantable and free from defects in material and workmanship except that Seller makes no warranty of merchantability or otherwise with respect to design if the materials are made inCHAPTER 8 RECOMMENDED I LACING INDUS REINF' RY PRACTICE FOR ST ORCING BARS 8.10.3 Post-Tensioned Concrete Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth Concrete exposed to earth or weather: Wall panels, slabs, joists. Other members Min. Concrete Cover, Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with ground: Slabs, walls, joists Beams, columns: Primary reinforcement Ties, stirrups oF spirals Shells, folded plate members #6 [#19] and large #5 [#16] and smaller © But not less than % inches (20 mm), 8.10.4 Corrosive Atmosphere or Severe Exposure In corrosive atmospheres or severe exposure conditions, the amount of concrete protection should be suit- ably increased, and the denseness and nonporosity of the protecting concrete should be considered, or other protection should be provided. in. (mm] 3 (75) (25) 1% [40] % (20) 16 {40} | ay (10) 8.11. Field Cutting of Reinforcing Bars Various means are used to cut reinforcing bars at the Job-site. The smaller size hars, #3 to #5 [#10 to #16} ‘can usually be cut with bol-cutters. All bar sizes can be ‘ant with an abrasive saw or by flame-cutting such as using an oxy-acetylene torch. Regarding flame-cutting, tests have shown that any effect of flame-cutting is localized to the end-cut surfaces. Only a very short distance, approximately ‘is inch [5 mm], from the flame-cut ends is affected. Hardness testing was used (0 evaluate the effects of flame-cutting on the tensile properties of the bars. From the tests it was concluded that flame-cunting had no adverse effects. Flame-cutting of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars is not recommended.SS 68 ee es Ps ee es ee ee ee ee Pl lel lull leCHAPTER 9 \_. RECOMMEND ED D INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR Me INTRACT COMPONENTS 9.1. Preface 9.2.4 Transportation A contract is an instrument by which materials or services or both are transferred from one party to another for a monetary consideration, It should not only be fair to the Seller, but equally so to the Buyer. A contract should contain a complete description of the materials and/or services to be performed and the conditions under which these materials andior services are to be furnished and paid, A contract imposes an obligation that it be performed, or enforced, in good faith by both parties. Before ‘executing a contract, the Seller should review the provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code applicable (0 the sales transaction, ‘The following are commonly used approaches which are presented for the parties’ consideration; the parties’ precise needs and desires in each case must also be carefully considered when preparing any contract 9.2. Material Supply Contract 9.2.1 Project and Location ‘An exact description of the construction project and location as identified by the project drawings and project specifications or other means of proper identification is, needed. The description should include the name of the Architect/Engineer, and Owner 9.2.2 Materials and Services A complete and accurate description of materials or services or both for cast-in-place reinforced concrete construction should be included in the sale, such as reinforcing bars, bar supports, welded wire fabric, and any other materials and services sold as part of the contract. One suggestion is for the contract to state that all materials, and services are to be furnished in accordance with the CRSI Manual of Standard Practice (current edition). Include a complete list of the architectural and structural drawing numbers and dates, addenda and dates, and any other data from which the estimate was made including reference to the Architec/Engineer’s project specifications, also with addenda and dates. 9.2.3 Price Price or prices (lump sum, average unit price, base price plus Seller's extras, or as otherwise. specified) should be in accordance with the contract agreement. Seller should consider whether its price is firm for the life of the construction project. If delivery is to be over an extended period, the Seller may wish to include an auto- matic escalator clause, or a specified date afier which the Seller reserves the right to renegotiate increases for some or all specified items, ‘The contract should provide for the method and terms of transportation. The type of transportation (truck, railroad car or vessel), the point of delivery (ie. FOB Seller's plant, FOB job-site), and the minimum quantities per delivery should be stated. Footnote: FOB (Free on Board) is a term defined by the “Uniform Commercial Code” which means the Seller is, responsible for loading the material on the vehicle used for transportation. (ie. Seller's vehicle, Commercial Carrier or Buyer's vehicle.) 9.2.5 Extra Transportation Minimum quantity can be defined as “full carload” or “full truckload” lots or in one “less carload” or “less truckload” lot if the entire contract is less than a carload or truckload. ‘The Seller may consider providing that, when the Buyer insists on shipment of lesser amounts than mini- mums specified in the contract or demands delivery at, ‘odd hours not covered in the contract, the extra transportation cost will be to the Buyer's account. 9.2.6 Refusal of Shipment by Buyer The Seller should consider providing in the contract that if, after notification that delivery will be made, Buyer refuses delivery for any reason, the Buyer is responsible for all extra costs to the Seller by reason of such refusal, including transportation cost, both ways. 9.2.7 Title Transfer Contracts should provide for point of title transfer to material. Two possibilities are FOB Fabricator’s plant or FOB job-site. If FOB Fabricator’s plant, freight to the job- site (or nearest accessible point) may be allowed providing contract so stipulates; otherwise all freight may be for Buyer's account. The method of delivery (trucks, rail, or vessels) should be specified. If FOB jobsite, specify “unloading by others” if that is what is intended. 9.2.8 Over-Dimensional Material For economy of design, requirements sometine exceed ability to transport materials from plant to job-site because of overall dimensions in width and length, In such cases it is advisable to protect the Seller against the requirement of performing the impossible due to laws ot regulations governing movement of materials by contractual means of transportation or any other means.= SS PS eS PS PS eS rs at eS ee Oe SOS lull lu lcCHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDED IN FOR DUSTRY PRACTICE CONTRACT COMPONENTS, compliance with Customer's design or specifications, Seller does not warrant that the materials shall be fit for ‘aay particular purpose nor is there any other warranty, express or implied, except such as is expressly set forth herein, Be certain Seller’s counsel explains the effects of any warranty or disclaimer, 9.2.17 Unspecified Items Seller should consider avoiding clauses in the specifications that all reinforcing materials necessary to complete the scructure shall be furnished by the Seller whether or not they are shown on the project drawings or called for in the project specifications. 9.2.18 Acceptance of Offer ‘The quotation is only an offer on the part of the Seller. ‘The quotation should clearly state it is not a contract until the Buyer signs it and subsequently it is accepted by sig- nature of a duly authorized person of the Selfer. There should be a time limit given the Buyer for acceptance of the offer. 9.2.19 Representations All proposals, negotiations and representations, ver- bal or written, regarding the transaction made before the signing of the written contract by Buyer and Seller should be merged into the written contract or the provisions inteacied could be lost 9.2.20 Contract Documents It is commonly provided that the Seller is not responsible for the correctness, adequacy, or consistency of any information furnished by others, including but not limit- ced to structural design, details and project specifications, project drawings, bills of material, bar lists, or bending. details, Further, after award of contract, the Seller shall not be responsible for delayed releases of the contract documents, delayed responses to request for information, or construction schedule delays resulting from inadequate or incomplete contract documents. 2.2.21 Penalties When a Buyer requests contract conditions imposing penalties for delays in performance by the Seller, the Seller should carefully scrutinize his obligations under the contract and his ability to perform themt in order to make sure he is flly aware of the risk he is taking by agreeing to the penalty. Any penalty clause accepted by the Seller should incorporate provisions of the "DELAY" clause. tion Contract 9.3. Material Supply and Instal 9.3.1 Preface ‘The components of 2 material supply and installation contract should contain most of the provisions outlined in the components of a material supply contract and, in addition, consideration should be given to the components listed. 9.3.2 Terms of Payment ‘This clause should clearly state the agreed upon percentage of retencion, if any, with a definite statement concerning the time of progressive monthly and final pay- ‘ment. Final payment should be specified after substantial completion of the work under contract to overcome the possibility of delaying substantial payment until final completion of the project. Seller may reserve the right at all times to decline to make any shipment or delivery or perform any work except upon receipt of payment or upon terms and conditions satisfactory to the Seller. Seller may specify that payment to him will follow satisfactory completion of his work, and not be contingent on the actions of any third party (such as payment by the Owner to the General Concractor). 9.3.3 Backcharges It should be clearly stated whether the Seller will pay any backcharges for Buyer’s services that are not approved in advance and in writing by an authorized representative of the Seller and unless the backcharge is invoiced within a specified time limit. 2.3.4 Project Progress Schedule It is good practice for the Buyer and the Seller to jointly provide a reasonable project progress schedule prior to the start of construction. The Buyer should! be Tequired to give reasonable notice for each delivery requirement. 9.3.5 Labor by Others Seller may reserve the right to supply all labor neces sary to complete the contract unless otherwise authorized in writing by the Seller: 9.3.6 Overtime Consider carefully the wording of the parties’ Seller's obligations, Generally it is based upon a five-day week and eight-hour day under prevailing wage and hour regulations. The contract should clearly state the manner in which the Seller will be compensated for overtime or shift work performed. 9-3CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONTRACT COMPONENTS 9.3.7 Job-site Equipment and Conditions It is common practice that the Seller will furnish all tools, equipment, and supplies necessary for the performance of the work. This clause should specifically outline the responsibility for supplying hoisting equipment, including the operator. Generally, the Buyer is to supply hoisting equipment; the wording should be clear as to the size anal type of crane required, at what times the crane will be available to the Seller, and that the crane will be available for lifting, moving or lowering material. Where personnel lifts are required, the Buyer normally shall provide same, to which it should be clearly stated as to any special requirements or needs, who will be responsible for the cost of this service and who will bear the liability for disruption of service. In most areas, the Buyer is normally required to furnish all grades, lines, levels, elevations, templates, toilet facilities, drinking cups and water, ramps, scaffolds, and space for delivery and storage of materials accessible for truck and trailer delivery adjacent to the point of use. Where temporary guying is necessary to support reinforcing steel prior to placing of concrete, the Buyer commonly agrees to provide materials for guying, for installation by the Seller, and Buyer commonly agrees to remove guys after use. If deadmen are required to hold guys, the Buyer commonly agrees to furnish, install and remove same. 9.3.8 Insurance and Bonds This clause should describe the insurance to be provided by the Seller protecting the Buyer or Owner against liability from damages because of injury or death of Seller's employees and damage to property, injury or death resulting from the negligent acts of the Seller. This clause usually requires the Seller to provide the Buyer with 2 certificate of insurance to assure the Buyer that adequate insurance i in effect. In some cases, the Buyer is required to procure builder's risk insurance to protect Seller's material and equipment at the job-site from loss or damage caused by fire and extended coverage. This clause should also state who is responsible for any performance, payment, or other bonds required in the performance of the contract. 9.3.9 Hold Harmless If-used, this clause should clearly limit the liability of the Seller to only his own acts of omission or negligence and not include the acts of negligence or omissions by the ‘Owner, Contractor, other Subcontractors, ot others. 9.3.10 Delays in Performance Seller should try to anticipate logical reasons for any excusable delay. Seller should then consider contract provisions which excuse him for any delay in performance due to acts of God, war, riot, embargoes, acts of civil or miliary authorities, fires, floods, quarantine restrictions, mill conditions, strikes, difference with workers, delays transportation, shortage of railroad cars, fuel, labor or materials or any circumstance or cause beyond the control of the Seller in reasonable conduct of its business. In the event any circumstance causes a delay, the time of completion should be extended accordingly. 9.3.11 Arbitration All contracts should make provision for the method of settling disputes. If arbitration is specified, clearly state method for selecting arbicrators, responsibility for the expense, including attorney fees and court cost. Many parties agree to use Construction Industry Arbitration Rides ‘and Construction Industry Mediation Rules by the American Arbitration Association. 9.3.12 Subcontracting Seller should include in the contract the right to sub- contract a portion or all of the work, if that is what is desired. 9.3.13 Acceptance ‘Commonly used tanguage provides that acceptance of the work of a Seller should be effective when the reinforcing steel has been placed in accordance with the project drawings and project specifications. Seller's responsibility may be specified to cease at that time. Buyer may be expressly specified to be liable for expense resulting from any subsequent damage by fire, flood, other trades, or any cause other than the work performed by Seller's own employees. Ifthe Buyer wishes to have placing personnel stand by during the placing of concrete, this requirement should be clearly stated in the contract for reinforcing steel placing services. ¢diy i) CHAPTER 9 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONTRACT COMPONENTS 9.3.14 Miscellaneous Sellers have chosen to specify that one or more of the following are to be furnished by the Buyer, at no expense, ‘or an agreed expense, to the Seller: 1. Parking for the Seller's employees working at the job- site. 2. All reworking of existing reinforcing bars, 8. All drilling or burning of holes in structural steel or miscellaneous iron to pass reinforcing bars. 4, All mechanical or welded splices and threading of bars, other than those bar-to-bar splices that are clearly specified on the contract doaiments, 9.3.15 Safety Code Citations and Violations Contracts commonly include a clause which establish- €s Seller's responsibility, but may be limited to Seller's performance, and performance of its agents, employees, and subcontractors in compliance with applicable regulations issued pursuant to the Construction Safety Act of 1969 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. A Contract may state that Buyer will reimburse the Seller for any penalties imposed on Seller under either ‘Act resulting from failure of any party other than the Seller, its agents, employees and subcontractors, to comply with the said regulations. This obligation of the Buyer should include any situation in which the Seller may be Gited for allowing is employees ta work at the job-site while a violation of the said regulations, chargeable to some party other than the Seller, its agents, employees or subcontractors remains uncorrected.se ee ee Oe eee eeemee CHAPTER 10 RECQM col NORE ED IND Pre JO USTRY PRACTICE FOR ST CONSTRUCTION 10.1. Introduction ‘One-way concrete joist construction consists of a series of parallel ribs or joists and a top slab of concrete, both formed monolithically by creating longitudinal void spaces through the use of removable formas. Two-way concrete joist construction is a combination of regularly spaced concrete joists, arranged to span in ‘so orthogonal directions within a column bay, which are covered with a top slab of concrete. Both joists and slab are cast in place to form a monolithic unit, integral with the supporting beams and columns. The joists form a characteristic waffle pattern on the underside, and this, construction is often referred to as waffle flat slabs. Electrical or mechanical distribution systems or both ‘an readily be integrated with one-way or two-way joist systems. Ducts and conduits are incorporated in the structural slab, in a separate topping slab, or through the voids created by the forms. 1¢ recommendations in this chapter concerning the selection and use of forms should not be substituted for the judgment of an experienced ArchiteclEngineer as to the best way of achieving specific design requirements 10.2. Design Joist construction provides minimum dead weight and ‘maximum stiffness by utilizing the concrete efficiently and eliminating unnecessary concrete. Standard size reusable forms help make joist construction economical. ‘The structural design of joist construction, either one- way or two-way waffle flat slab, can be conveniently performed with the aid of load tables or computer software. “The most complete design load tables are found in the RSI Design Handbook. These tables give safe, superim- posed loads in pounds per square foot for various thick- nesses of top slabs and combinations of bars. The load capacity is determined by the most critical design consid- ceration—shear, development length, or flexure. Each series of tables is preceded by a short explanation, sched- tule of limitations, sketch of the recommended require- ‘ments, and an illustrative example. For joist sizes not listed in the current CRSI Design Handbook, designs can be made following the illustrative examples in the Handbook. The ACI Building Code requirements for permissible shear and minimum web reinforcement will cause some variations in the design techniques. 10.3. Recommended Industry Practice 10.3.1 Purpose ‘The purpose of this chapter is to outline the custom- ary practices within the industry. The industry practices contained in this section are in accordance with good ‘engineering practice and tend to ensure safety and economy in the use of removable and reusable forms for concrete joist construction. 10.3.2 Scope ‘These recommended industry practices may be used to supplement the contract entered into between the Buyer (or Lessee) and Seller (or Lessor) of removable forms for concrete joist construction o services and relat- ced items. This chapter does not cover the special provisions required for the installation and removal of the supporting centering and is confined specifically to removable forms, 10.3.3 Application ‘These recommended industry practices may be used to govern interpretations in those cases where the project drawings or project specifications, or contracts between Buyer and Seller, are not complete or clear. 10.3.4 Responsibility of Design No responsibility is assumed by the Seller for the correctness of structural designs or dimensions furnished by others. Any drawings furnished by the Seller are intended merely to supplement the project drawings and are to be used only in conjunction with them. 10.3.5 Estimating Areas The areas of concrete joist floor and roof construction requiring removable forms are estimated as Follows: 1, REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME. Areas are esti- ‘mated out-to-out of concrete frame. 2, STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAME. Areas are estimated center-to-center of spandrel beams. 3. BEARING WALL CONSTRUCTION. Areas are estimated dlear of inside wails plus a bearing on all walls of 6 inches [150 mm] 4, GENERAL, No deductions are made for beams, tees of beams or for wide joists. Openings 50 square feet (4.6 square meters) or over are deducted except that ‘when the Seller proposes to furnish the wood centering in addition to the forms, all openings 100 square feet (9.3 square meters] or over are deducted,CHAPTER 10 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR NCRETE JOIST CONSTRUCTION 5, ESTIMATING AREAS FOR FORMS ON A LEASE BASIS, When reusable forms are being considered on. a lease basis, the most effective way to assure accurate estimating is an actual void count by size of forms. ‘The lease is usually based upon the number of forms supplied and the times reused. 10.3.6 Joist Forms—Standard Sizes The standard types and sizes of forms listed in Tables, 10-1 and 10-2 are recommended to serve as a uniform guide for the construction industry in the production, distribution, and use of removabie forms for one-way and two-way concrete joist construction. Available standard types and sizes are limited in the interest of economy. The use of special filler form sizes should be minimized; they are not intended to form entire systems. TABLE 10-1 STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF FORMS FOR ONE-WAY JOIST CONSTRUCTION' Standard Forms ‘Special Filer Forms” System Wilh? Depth? ‘Wath Depth? 20° | 20 8, 10, 12 10, 15 8, 10, 12 (508), (203, 254, 905) (254, 384) (203, 254, 905] 3-08 | 30 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 10, 15, 20 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 (762 [203, 254, 305, 366, 406, 508) (254, 381, 508) | [203, 254, 305, 356, 406, 508] 40% | 40 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 20, 30 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 [1016] 205, 356, 406,457, 508, 659, 610] | [508, 762] [305, 396, 408, 457, 508, 559, 610] so" | 53 16, 20, 24 = = 11388) [408, 508, 10} oo | 6 14, 18, 20,24 = = (1676) [956, 406, 508, 610) TABLE 10-2 STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF FORMS FOR TWO-WAY JOIST CONSTRUCTION! ‘Standard Forms ‘oem Special Filer Forme wate Depth width? Dept aa | 9x9 8,10, 12, 14, 18 = = (489x480) _|_ (203, 254, 905, 356, 406) ee | 26x28 8,10, 12, 14, 16,20 = = {610x6101_| (208, 254, 305, 356, 406, 508] 20x20 sro" | 20x90 8,10, 12, 14, 16, 20 {508 x 509] 8,10, 12, 14, 18, 20 {752x762 | (208, 254, 205, 956, 406, 506) 20x30 (208, 284, 308, 356, 406, 508] {508 x 762] ao | ateat “2, 14, 16, 18,20, 24 = = [1041 x 1041] | [805, 356, 406, 457, 608, 816] Bo | 52x82 14, 16, 20, 24 40x40 14, 16, 20, 24 (1820 x 1820} | (856, 406, 508, 610] [1016x1016] | (956, 408, 508, 610] NOTES '. Tapered endforms aré avaliable for the one-way 2-0" mod- 1. All dimensions are in inches [mm], except the module designations. 2. Width is the horizontal clear distance, between two consecutive joists, measured at the bottom of the jist. 3. Depth is the verical distance, measured between two consecutive joists, from the underside of the concrete slab to the bottom of the joists. 4. Special filer forms may be available only in limited quanti- ‘ies, Availability should be investigated before specifying these forms, lle. These forms are 90 in. [762 mm] wide at one end and 25 in. {635 mm] wide at the other end, and they are 36 in. [914 mm] long. Standard depths of these forms are 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 in, [208, 254, 305, 856, 408 and 508 mm, 8. Tapored endforms are available for the one-way 4-0" module, These forms are 40 in, [1016 mm] wide at one end and 34 in, [864 mm] wide at the ather end, and they are 6 in [914 mm] long, Standard depths of these forms are 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, and 24 in. (805, 356, 406, 457, 508, 559 ard 610 mm}. These forms are generally available only on the West Coast 10-2 omal “id 44 CHAPTER 10 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE JOIST 10.3.7 Performance (a) DRAWINGS When the contract requires form layouts, they should be made by the form Seller. When different suppliers are used for formwork and reinforcing steel, each should supply a separate layout (placing drawing) covering the differene scope of work. Layouts (placiag drawings) should be submitted for approval to the appointed representative of the Buyer. Such layouts, when finally approved, are considered the correct interpretation of the project drawings and project specifications. Changes from the project drawings and project specifications are considered as extras and treated as outlined in paragraph (j) of this section. (b) FORM LEASE ONLY BASIS (1) CARE OF FORMS. Where removable forms are leased without including the labor of placing and removing same, the forms remain the property of the Seller and reasonable care is to be exercised in their use. Parts cut or damaged, other than as specified in the contract, are paid for by the Buyer. Cutting of forms for installation of mechanical trades equipment is not considered as ordinary wear and tear. Forms are to be thoroughly oiled by che Buyer each time before reinforcing steel and concrete is placed. (2) DELIVERY. Contracts providing for delivery FOB by truck means delivery at the job-site providing there is a road passable to a loaded truck. In case there is 10 passable road, the delivery is to be made as close to the job-site as it is possible to drive a loaded truck. All costs of unloading trucks are borne by the Buyer (8) RETURN. At the completion of the work, forms are to be loaded on crucks as required. All costs of loading trucks are borne by the Buyer. In all cases, consult Seller for the proper freight clas- sification and routing. (©) FORM ERECTION AND REMOVAL ONLY BASIS (1) WORKMANSHIP. Where removable forms are furnished on aa erection and removal basis, the Seller should use reasonable care in the installation work to produce joists of the width and depth shown on the project drawings. Forms cut or damaged, other than as specified in the contract, are paid for by the Buyer. Cutting of forms for the installation of mechanical and electrical trades equipment is not considered as ordinary wear and tear. Unless specifically stated to the contrary in the contract, it is understood that the falsework Ci ONSTRUCTION supporting forms is to be furnished, erected complete in place and removed by the Buyer. Forms are to be oiled by the Seller each time before reinfore- ing steel and concrete is placed. (2) OVERTIME WORK. Sufficient time should be allowed the Seller for the performance of the required work on the basis of the normal work day and week applying to the region in which the proj- fect is located. In the event the Buyer, or any Subcontractor, requires the Seller to perform such labor on an overtime basis, then such additional expenses of every kind and character as the Seller may be required to incur on account of said overtime labor constitutes an additional charge, unless due to the Seller’s negligence. (3) USE OF HOIST. The Buyer permits the free use of the material hoist and personnel lift, or other lifting devices available at job-site, including the operator's time. (4) GRADES AND ELEVATIONS. The Form Supplier assumes no responsibilty for establishing grades or general layout. The General Contractor establishes all elevations, working points, angles and opening locations clearly marked on forms or concrete as required and verifies the same prior to placing concrete. (4) FORM ERECTION AND REMOVAL BASIS, INCLUDING FALSEWORK (1) FALSEWORK. Where the falsework supporting the removable forms also is to be furnished by the Seller, the practices pertaining to erection and removal of forms as outlined in paragraph (c) of this section should apply to the forms. Falsework should be of sufficient strength to carry the dead oad (weight of concrete and formwork) supported thereon and also a vertical live load of not less than that recommended by Guide to Formwork for Concrete (ACI 347R), current edition. Special arrangements with Seller are necessary if unusual or excessive loads are imposed on the formwork and falsework in excess of those recommended by ACT 547R. (2) MUD SILLS. Mud sills, when required, will be furnished and installed by the Form Erector However, the General Contractor should provide ground surfaces that are reasonably level and sufi- ienily compacted to support the dead load and live load described above. (3) CAMBER. The amount of camber for the finished slab before removal of supporting formwork, if required, should be specified by the Architect Engineer. SEER eeee eel 10-3CHAPTER 10 RECOMMENDED INDUSTRY PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE JOIST CONSTRUCTION (¢) QUANTITY OF FORMS FURNISHED ‘The quantity of forms furnished should be mutual- ly agreed upon by the Buyer and Seller, and the quantity should be incorporated in the contract to avoid misunderstandings. ( CONDITION OF FORMS Forms should be of sufficient strength to carry without undue deflection the weight of concrete supported thereon, and also any normal loads during the placing of the reinforcing steel and concrete, (g) SLEEVES AND INSERTS All attachments to steel forms by mechanical or other trades, such as pipe sleeves or inserts, must, ‘be done by using a drive rivet. The attachment of any items to the steel forms by sheet metal screws is prohibited. The same restrictions apply to forms of fiberglass reinforced plastics and other materials, (h) CONCRETE FINISH The Seller is not responsible for concrete placing by the Buyer nor for the finish obtained by the Buyer's use of the forms and is not to be held liable for any charges for removing fins, grinding, point- ing up, retouching, plastering, grouting nor white- washing of finished surfaces. Placing of concrete in the forms constitutes acceptance of the forms and their installation, (@ OTHER ITEMS Contracts for furnishing forms for concrete joist construction and related materials do not include charges for surety bonds, insurance not required by law, or any other general charges such as building permits or license fees, () EXTRA WORK OR MATERIALS Any work or materials desired outside of those specifically called for in the contract are not furnished until instructions in writing have been issued by the Buyer to the Seller.APPENDIX A U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF GRADE 60 [420] CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS "ASTM and AASHTO Speci ications require that all reinforcing bars be identified by permanent, mill imprinted markings Bars #13 through #25 only 1 AB. STEEL MILL, ING. | 2 AMERISTEEL crst ‘ Tennessee Steet Mill vision in Jackson. TN) s SD s | Bars #3 and #4 only 7 Grade mark line used for #3 Game side) Bars #43 and #57 only 1 AB. STEEL MILL, INC. 2 AMERISTEEL = ‘ica. OF {Wat nesses Sie Vl vison nck, > EEEEES? \ eS Bars #5 through #6 only Bars #10 through #36 only 2 AMERISTEEL 2 AMERISTEEL | {Chatte Steu tl Bron n Chart. NC) {et eres Sill Ovison nace, TH | Ss q ” nnn ny w @ a 5 Ps Bars #43 and #57 only $ AMERISTEEL (Chaat toe! ht Onion Chatto. NC) [3 AUBURN STEEL. COMPANY, INC. cast (urn Dion in Auburn 1 (Gactsanle Stee Mil Divison ln Baldwin, FLD Cd Bars #10 through #38 only (#10 through #16 coiled) " GSE > NEERERD Bars #13 through #25 only Bars #19 through #43 only 2 AMERISTEEL 3 AUBURN STEEL >“ GOMPANY, INC. gRst (Gubum Dion ie Aub Ww Bars #13 through #43 only 2 AMERISTEEL (Gackeorvil Sta! Mil Divan in Balt, FL Bars #10 through #36 only (#10 through #16 coiled) 3 AUBURN STEEL COMPANY, INC. ERS! (Lemont Drsion in Lemont Ss Bars #13 through #36 only (Wet etoe Stel Deion Scien 7 Bars #10 through #36 only ‘Note: CRSI mil members are i Dolatace wit * Ee) 8 8 W (EERE Bars #13 through #36 only Bars #13 through #36 only a ae nny BM | | 4 SAYOU STEEL CORP Ss PEBDRED \2 AMERISTEEL CRs 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP, casi (aisoema Steel Division in ering. Ss 7 Bars #10 through #36 only “a inthe CRT logo at ne top ngnt comer,APPENDIX A U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF GRADE 60 [420] CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS TASTM and AASHTO Specification require that all reinforcing bars be identified by permanent, mill imprinted markange, | 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP, SRS! | Bars #10 through #36 only 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. Alii Stoel Den, Jolt ling Mil imJobet, 1) Bars #10 through #19 only (#10 through #19 coiled) 6 BORDER STEEL, INC. oe Bars #10 throug 6 BORDER STEEL, INC. (Ei Paso os = | Bars #43 ond #57 only 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP, east ino Sto Dison Jolt Roling Mil Jot, Ww |_ Bars #10 through #19 only (#10 through #19 coiled) 6 BORDER STEEL, INC. SI (€1Paso, DO Bars #10 through #26 only | 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. (nos Stee! Desion Kankakee Pat Bourbon, Bars #10 through #36 only 6 BORDER STEEL, INC. iPoso. D0, w EEEEEEE? Bars #43 and #57 only | 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. {tins Stel Dison, Kankakee Fant m Bourbonnais, L) Ww Bars #10 through #36 only | 7 cascane STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. (Gvekinmt, OF Bars #10 through #19 only (#10 through #19 coiled) 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. (isispp Stee! Dison in Jain. s Bars #13 through #36 only 7 CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. RS! Bars #16 through #22 only 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. cRsI (tise Sto! Oivsion in Jackson, MS) Bars #13 through #36 only 7 CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. ema, OF s (CEterreaye Bars #25 through #57 only 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP, casi ati Weatngton Sto Bras Sent, WA s All bar sizes | 7 CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. RSI (Queda, OF) Bars #13 through #19 only (#13 through #19 coiled) 5 BIRMINGHAM STEEL CORP. (Seattle Washington Stel Dision 6 Seat, WAY All bar sizes a ‘Note: CASI mil members are ln Dalglace AQ 7 ~=CASCADE STEEL ROLLING MILLS, INC. CRS! (Medina, ORDAPPENDIX A U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF GRADE 60 [420] CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS Bars #25 through #57 only inforcing bare be identified by permanent, mil imprinted markings, 13 MARION STEEL COMPANY Bars #13 through #36 only Grade mark line opposite side," may be under “S"for #19 or #16 8 CHICAGO HEIGHTS STEEL (Creage Helge, 10 Bars #4 through #8 only 13 MARION ‘STEEL COMPANY gust W Bars #13 through #38 on} Grade mark line on opposite 9 CONNECTICUT STEEL CORP. (Moliogor, CP Ss Coiled bars #10 end #13 only 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY £85¢ (Geauot Min Beaumont. DO s Coiled bars #10 through #16 only 10 CO-STEEL RARITAN (Pen ri $s Coiled bars #10 through #19 only 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY 8S! (khgman Min Kagan, 2) s Al! bar sizes (#10 through #16 coiled) 10 CO-STEEL RARITAN Pan abo. WwW Coiled bars #10 through #19 only 11 CO-STEEL SAYREVILLE Ss | All bar sizes 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY 8S! | {Kingman an Kgs £2 WwW Bars #10 through #36 only (#10 through #16 coiled) 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY | (ong Mi a Mesos s ar #13 only Grade mark line on opposite side in CO-STEEL SAYREVILLE (Sayre, i) WwW All bar sizes. 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY cast done WwW Bar #13 onl Grade mark line on opposite side 12 GST STEEL COMPANY (ona Cty, MO) 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY gust (i, Pou Mil in St Pa ay [OEE <> MEE Coiled bars #3 and #4 only eee ari bee ore Tala | 12 ii STEEL COMPANY 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY ERS! _ AO RTH STAR Se w NSE s & Coiled bars #3 and #4 only Note: CRS! mil members are ip bofsface with the OAS! Togo athe Top Ton comer A} 4 Sat“ ANGID, Bars #43 and #57 only Grade mark line on opposite side| 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY RS! APPENDIX A. U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF GRADE 60 [420] CONCRETE_REINFOR CING_BARS "ASTM und AASHTO Specincations require that all reinforces ————_—_—_—_—_—_—_———— (Gi. Paul Mil Pal NOD WwW jars #13 through #36 only Grade mark line on opposite side 16 NUCOR STEEL iat din Phmouth, UT | 14 NORTH STAR STEEL COMPANY CSI (54 Paul Mil 5 Pa Bars #43 and #57 only Grade mark line on opposite side 16 NUCOR STEEL ish ite Pymouth, UD Bers #19 through #25 only 14 NORTH STAR STEEL Somrnae CRS! St Paul Mit in St Pau Mt Bars #19 through #57 Patented) Long. groove one side only, marking system not per ASTM 16 NUCOR STEEL (Utah Mis Plymouth, UD s (2EESEM Bars #19 through #36 only 14 NORTH STAR | STEEL COMPANY CRSI (ion Ma Won Ss Bar #13 only Grade mark line on opie ei fe mark (how or under ewer "16 NUCOR STEEL (Utsh Nain Pymouts UD S fEEEESERRBRBEE) Bars #43 and #57 only 15 NORTHWESTERN STEEL & WIRE CO. (String, 1D Ee bars aE EXER) #16 only, Inch-pound markings on opposite side 16 NUCOR STEEL ish Malin Pymaith UD w @& Bars #10 through #25 only (#13 and #16 coiled) 15 NORTHWESTERN STEEL & WIRE CO REP ars #10 through #16 only __Inch-powad markings on opposite side 16 NUCOR STEEL ‘oun Celine Mi Darngton. SC? S SfSRresemeeer) Bare #13 through #19 only (#16 colled 16 NUCOR STEEL cast ish Mibin Pyrouth, UD Bars #19 through #36 only 17 RIVERVIEW STEEL CORP. Bars #10 through #19 only 16 NUCOR STEEL (Seu Coron Mitr Darington, SC) Bars #22 through #36 only 18 ROCKY MOUNTAIN STEEL MILLS Coiled bars #3 through #5 only 16 NUCOR STEEL (esas Mal devel 70 Bars #10 through #36 only 18 ROCKY MOUNTAIN STEEL MILLS (Puss. COD Ss Cheererenren Coiled bars #3 through #7 only Tote: CRS! mil members are in bordtace with the CRSI ogo at the top ngnt corner. A4APPENDIX A U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF GRADE 60 [420] CONCRETE REINFORCING BARS "ASTM and AASHTO Specifications require that all re 18 ROCKY MOUNTAIN STEEL MILLS (sbi. » IP Coiled bars #3 through #5 only ing bars be identiied by permar ‘al marinted markings, past | 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. {Boutn Cars Nal in Caves, SC) ° EP Bars #43 and #57 only 18 ROCKY MOUNTAIN STEEL MILLS Coiled bars #3 through #7 only gust 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. (South Carcina Mil in Cayon, $6) Bars #10 through #38 only | 19 SHEFFIELD ‘STEEL casi Ss Ss Bars #13 through #43 only | 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. | 71 SUR Sain bine 8o) Bars #43 and #57 only 20 SILVER, INC.. W. Bar #3 only 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. Bars #10 through #36 only 20 SILVER, INC., W. Bar #3 only 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. (eras hn Soin, 70 s gust Bars #43 and #57 only 20 SILVER, INC., W. iPass ar Grade mark line on opposite side a STRUCTURAL METALS, INC, (Gesae Mili Seguin, 120 Bars #10 through #36 only 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. G85! 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. GAS! pried Merny s Ww zs Bars #10 through #19 only Bars #43 and #57 only 7 T 1 2 RCE METALS. ING. Sl ee eon = eee iTS StmiSSsa Bars #10 through #19 only Bars #13 through #36 only 21 STRUCTURAL METALS, INC. ERS! 22 TAMCO east South Costes ba nC. 5 Bars #10 through #36 only | Bars #43 and #57 only | Tore ORST rl monbers are m Dortace with te CRC ogo atte top Tanrcome SN AS Aanene Cucamonga, CA Fee eParere’

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