See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/272785183

SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS REFERENCE (SCOR) MODEL: AN OVERVIEW AND A

STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW OF ITS APPLICATION

Conference Paper · October 2013

DOI: 10.13140/2.1.1855.3122

CITATIONS READS

2 4,826

2 authors, including:

Surya Prakash
BML MUNJAL UNIVERSITY
30 PUBLICATIONS   100 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Supply chain optimization using AI View project

Pipeline Integrity and Risk Treatment View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Surya Prakash on 25 February 2015.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS REFERENCE (SCOR) MODEL: AN OVERVIEW
AND A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW OF ITS APPLICATION
SURYA PRAKASH1
Research Scholar
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT)
JLN Marg, Malaviya Nagar, Jaipur
Email: suryayadav8383@gmail.com
Phone: +91-7877445401 (M), +91-141-2713330 (O)
GUNJAN SONI3*
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT)
JLN Marg, Malaviya Nagar, Jaipur
Email: gunjan.mnit@gmail.com, gunjan1980@gmail.com
Phone: +91-8385888855 (M), +91-141-2713330 (O)
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
In present time, increasing competition and fast changes in
markets has put supply chains in stress. Thus in order to help
organizations overcome this pressure, supply chain council has
suggested Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model.
It is a step by step procedure which provides a unique
framework consisting of five processes (plan, source, make,
deliver and return) with process type, processes categories and
decompose processes as three levels which help in
implementing it in an organization, leading to path of
improvement. The practitioner‘s community has given adequate
respect to SCOR model, although academic researchers have
not reaped its benefits fully. Thus in order to advocate the wide
use of SCOR model, this research is carried out. This article
presents a structured literature review on content and research
based methodology of SCM of articles that have used SCOR. It
is believed that article would bring a much needed union in the
practitioners and academic researcher‘s domain.
Keywords: SCOR model, Supply Chain, Review,
Performance measurement.
NOMENCLATURE
Literature review
1. INTRODUCTION
. strategic level by business managers taken by understanding the
Supply chains encompass the companies and the business
activities needed to design, make, deliver and use a product or
service. Business depends on their supply chains to provide
them with what they need to survive and thrive in the present
cut throat globalised environment; hence organisations have
shown interest in supply chain management (SCM), as it
provides them with competitive advantage. Supply chain
SANDEEP2
PG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT) Jaipur
JLN Marg, Malaviya Nagar, Jaipur
Email: sandeepmaggu7@gmail.com
Phone: +91- 8385995806 (M), +91-141-2713330 (O)
A.P.S. RATHORE4
Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Malaviya National Institute of Technology (MNIT)
JLN Marg, Malaviya Nagar, Jaipur
Email: apsr100@yahoo.co.in
Phone: +91-9414067895(M), +91-141-2713330 (O)
management is the systematic, strategic coordination of the
traditional business functions and the tactics across these
business functions within a particular company and across
businesses within the supply chain, for the purposes of
improving the long-term performance of the individual
companies and the supply chain as a whole [1].
Christopher [2] defines supply chain as, ―a network of
connected and interdependent organisations mutually and co-
operatively working together to control, manage and improve
the flow of material and information from suppliers to end
users‖. Increasingly, firms are adopting SCM to reduce costs,
increase market share and sales, and build solid customer
relations [3].
SCM activities can be broadly classified in following three
types:
i. Operational: This is concerned with the routine activities of a
facility to ensure that the more profitable way to fulfil customer
order is executed examples are actions taken in course of
placing and filling orders.
ii. Design: Design mainly focus on decision making regarding
facility role, facility location, capacity allocation, market and
network.
iii. Strategic: Strategic refers to what each process or function
will try to do particularly well. These are decisions at the
dynamics of supply chain and development and their evolving
objectives. Strategic planning is needed in order to challenge
existing arrangements and to generate radical alternatives [4].
Strategic planning assumes most important role in above three
activities at top level. Operation and design takes SCM at
execution levels. In this context, the current research study was
55
 International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
taken up to understand the development and penetration of
numerical and analytical model required to solve operational
and design related problem & issues as a concept within the
business domain SCM. For this purpose overview of SCOR is
presented. As SCOR model can be utilised for the performance
measurement which leads to supply chain improvements.
A literature review of research articles that specifically
focusing in SCM and its evaluation through SCOR is carried
out and meaningful inferences from diverse perspectives such
as content, research methodologies utilised, growth, level of
SCOR utilisation etc. are drawn up. It is also revealed from this divestiture operational goals
study that no such literature review exists on SCM in the
context of the SCOR with such structured and exhaustive
details and hence it is hoped that this work would add a
significant value by integrating practitioner's model in
academic domain.
Many analytical and numerical models, stemming from
conventional business have been proposed to handle design and
operational issues. While models for strategic decisions, which
deals with the entire supply chain as a whole, are scarce [4].
Based on the past data it is being seen that the most promising
for supply chain strategic decision making is the supply chain
operations reference (SCOR) model developed by Supply
Chain Council.
The organization of paper this paper is as follows: Section 2
deals with SCOR model overview. Section 3, deals with
methodology chosen for carrying out structured literature
review articles and proposed classification scheme are
presented. Section 4 carries out discussion on results of review. Skills development - standardization of skills definition,
Finally the conclusions are presented in section 5.
2. SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATIONS REFERENCE
(SCOR) MODEL OF SUPPLY CHAIN COUNCIL
According to supply chain council (SCC) supply chain is
managing supply and demand, sourcing raw materials and
parts, manufacturing and assembly, warehousing and inventory
tracking, order entry and order management, distribution across
all channels, and delivery to the customer. Hence in order to
fulfil very need of evaluating and performance improvement,
SCC as a not-for-profit organization, has developed supply
chain operations reference (SCOR) model. It can be used to
describe supply chains that are very simple or very complex
using a common set of definitions and enabling a common
understanding. It lets companies quickly determine and
compare the performance of supply chain and related
operations within their company or against other companies
[11].
SCOR is the standard industry process reference model which
dramatically improves supply chain operations. It contains a
standard description of management processes, a framework of
relationships among the standard processes, standard metrics to
measure process performance, management practices that
produce best-in-class performance, and a standard alignment to
software features and functionality. SCOR helps manage a
common set of business problems through a standardized
language, standardized metrics, and common business practices
which accelerate business change and improve performance.
Business problems commonly addressed by SCOR are:
i. Business Management Challenges:
Strategy Development - identify, instrument, and deploy supply
chain strategies within and across organizations
Merger, Acquisition or Divestiture - merge or split up
functioning supply chains to achieve merge, acquisition, or
Supply optimization and Re-engineering - improving
individual, clusters, or networks of supply chains
Standardization, Streamlining - improve operational control
and cost by standardizing core processes
Management alignment - create standardizes management
tools, reporting, and organizational structures
New business start-up (company and supply chain start-ups) -
create and deploy supply chains
Benchmarking - competitive assessment of qualitative and
quantitative performance
Process Outsourcing - identifying and outsourcing non-value
add processes
ii. Technology Services
Software implementation (ERP, PLM, QC) - pre-
implementation definition and optimization of supply chains
Workflow & Service Oriented Architecture - optimization of IT
service provisioning
iii. Evolving:
sourcing, and performance criteria
Framework of SCOR model: SCOR Framework help in
understanding how to model supply chain with the use of
SCOR and it provides a unique framework that links business
process, metrics, best practices and technology features into a
unified structure to support communication among supply chain
partners and to improve the effectiveness of supply chain
management and related supply chain improvement activities.
SCOR is having a process framework that delivers the well-
known concepts of business process reengineering,
benchmarking, and best practices into a cross-functional
framework, (see figure 1).
Standard processes: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return
Standard metrics: Perfect Delivery, Cash Cycle Time, Supply-
Chain Cost, etc
Standard practices: EDI, CPFR, Cross-Training, Sales &
Operations Planning etc
Standard skills: Aptitudes, Experiences, Credentials, Tasks
The main purpose of SCOR framework model is measuring and
55
 International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
improving the performance measure of supply chain and
comparing it against internal and external industry goals.
Figure (1): SCOR span structure (SCOR version 9.0 by Supply
chain council (SCC))

Supply chain performance mainly focused on: Level Description Schematic

Top Level
Reliability - achievement of customer demand fulfilment on-
time, complete it without damage etc.
Responsiveness - the time it takes to react to and fulfil customer
demand
Agility –respond to short term changes in demand or supply Configuration
quickly and can handle external disruptions smoothly hence Level
enable supply chain to increase/decrease demand within a given
planned period
Cost - objective assessment of all components of supply chain Process To address one specific
cost Element configuration of process
Assets - the assessment of all resources used to fulfil customer Level element
demand
Implementation Process
Standard SCOR process plan, source, make, deliver, return are Level element
used to evaluate supply chain performance. For this purpose
supply chain activities are described in four levels. Table 1 and
figure (2) shows these levels with details.

Table 1: SCOR levels of process (Adopted from supply chain

council)
Figure (2): SCOR 9.0 Supply–chain operation reference
Level 1. Level 2. Level 3. Level 4. model(Adopted from supply chain council)
It tells A Company‘s It defines a This is an
about the supply chain company‘s implementation
scope and can be ability to level (Decompose
content for ―configured- compete process element),
the SCOR. to-order‖ at successfully this is used by
Level 2 from in its Companies to
core ―process chosen implement SCM
categories.‖ markets practices that are
unique to their
organizations.

SCOR-Application process:

The outcome of SCOR application for a supply chain can be

viewed and analysed on the following outcomes. Figure (3)
shows business scope diagram, figure (4) shows geographic Figure (3): SCOR 9.0: Supply-chain operation reference
map and figure (5) shows thread diagram. These all figure
contain very much needed information for future
improvements. The SCOR matrices are utilized for this purpose
and information obtained can be shared for further analysis of
supply chain.

This can also be explained through step by step application.

i. Create business scope diagram
ii. Create a geographic map
iii. Create a thread diagram

55
International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
model(Adopted from supply chain council) gives distribution of articles using various search articles are
available focusing on SCOR and its application in SCM.

Figure (4): Geographic map (Adopted from supply chain This research has following unique features-
council) i. Broad and generic level of article selection, time
horizon of article selection is from 1998 to April
2013.
ii. Various combinations of search criteria were tried
to search articles. The most suitable and feasible
article search criterion is applied in four major
management science publishers viz. Emerald
Online, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, and
Sage. Table: 2, shows the number of articles
obtained from different publisher‘s website based
on the above search terms. This method of article
selection gives a generic view.
iii. Any duplication papers found during search
criteria were filtered out in the selection of papers.
Some papers were left out where the prime focus
was not on SCM or if it is not related to SCOR.
Finally, a total of 30 papers have been considered
Figure (5): Thread diagram (Adopted from supply chain for review in this study. The details regarding the
council) same are presented in Appendix-A at the end of
this paper. These 30 articles are to be used for
further analysis.
Above mention are the methods used for measuring
performance of a supply chain through SCOR and its . Table 2: Distribution of articles with respect to each of the
performance measure mainly focus on reliability, search terms
responsiveness, agility and cost as mention earlier [11] Data Search criteria No. of
Base articles
Emerald ‗Supply chain‘ in All except full text 18
After performance is measured then the next step is re-aligning and ‗SCOR‘ in All except full text.
supply chain processes and best practices to fulfill unachieved Science ‗Supply chain‘ in abstract, title, 25
or changing business objectives. This re-alignment is achieved Direct keyword and ‗SCOR‘ in abstract,
through a combination of various tools that are implemented to title, keyword
supply chains. These tools are: Taylor & ‗Supply chain‘ in abstract, title, 25
 Lean Manufacturing analysis Francis keyword and ‗SCOR‘ in abstract,
 Six-Sigma analysis title, keyword
 Theory-of-Constraints analysis Sage ‗Supply chain‘ in title and ‗SCOR‘ in 0
 ISO-9000 style process capture and control title
 Balanced score cards ‗Supply chain‘ in title and ‗SCOR‘ 1
 Benchmarking in abstract
‗Supply chain‘ in Keyword and 0
Also there are other combined industrial engineering based 'SCOR‘ in keyword
best-practice and techniques which can be used.
In each publication, the criterion which gives optimum search
The above overview gives an in-depth insight of SCOR and its results was considered and papers were downloaded from
application in SCM literature. The other main aspect of this respective database. The relevant papers from the point of view
study is to find out the present status of use of SCOR model in of present study were shortlisted to be included in final sample
SCM. This objective can be achieved through a structured for carrying out literature review; details are given in Table: 3
literature review. gives number of articles in each publication.

3. LITERATURE REVIEW Table 3: Number of articles in each publication

S. No. Publisher name No. of paper
This section deals with the methodology that was adopted in
various selection of papers and their classification. Table: 2, 1 Emerald 16

55
International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
2 Science Direct 5 3 Network 16 [1,3,5,7,13,16,17,18,19,20,
23,24,27,28,29,30]
3 Taylor & Francis 9
Performance measurement: In this activity focus is on the
Classification Methodology reported performance measurement of supply chain with the
use of SCOR. Table 5 gives classification based on
The obtained papers were classified based on the following two performance measurement of supply chain for SCOR.From
major schemes, Soni and Kodali [5] and Soni and Kodali [6] as Table 5 it is clear that the articles were not reporting the
content based and research based with relevant modifications to performance measurement of supply chain in numerical figures
accommodate the focus of present research. directly, but their main focus is to elaborate the use of SCOR as
a tool.
i. Level of Analysis: This classification is adopted from
Croom et al. [7] and Gubi et al.[8], which includes Table 5: Classification based on performance measurement of
levels of analysis named as ―Dyad‖. ―Chain‖ and supply chain for SCOR
―Network‖. S. Performance No. of Reference paper
ii. Performance measurement: The fact regarding ―Will N. measurement papers (Appendix I )
the implementation of SCOR enhanced performance
1 YES 6 [17,8,10,11,15,30]
of SCM‖ and ―Is it reported in the article/paper‖
obtained. The importance of performance 2 NO 24 [1,2,3,4,5,6,9,12,13,14,
measurement is justified by Kaplan [9]. 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,2
iii. Area of SCM research (SCM issue): This is an 3,24,25,26,27,28,29]
important parameter to classify various studies. This
includes strategy, business processes, information Area of SCM research (SCM issue): Table 6 gives Articles
technology, performance measurement etc. which classified by SCM issue. In Table: 6, there are four broad issues
gives an idea about the other focal/decision areas of of SCM are taken, these include information technology,
SCM. performance, strategic and business processes with application
iv. Sample industry: This classification is based on of SCOR model. It is very clear from the study that maximum
Burgess [10] and these criterions will thus help in utilization of SCOR is in the area of SCM performance
identifying possible sectors/industry of SCM research. measurement and improving the SCM. Information technology
v. SCOR utilization level: This data depicts the level of and strategic management are also important areas need to be
utilisation of SCOR as a tool and standard practice for considering when an organisation is ready to apply SCOR
performance measurement /improvement. model to its supply chain.
vi. Journal, Year and Publications: This analysis will
give an bird‘s eye view of all papers in a particular Table 6: Articles classified by SCM issue
journal, frequency of papers and their year of S.N. Issue No. of Reference paper
publication. This not only gives a good understanding papers (Appendix I )
of growth of concern area but also gives new topic to 1 Information 6 [1,10,19,20,24,25]
be explored. technology
2 Performance 13 [2,3,6,7,9,11,15,16,17,
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 18,22,26,30]
3 Strategic 8 [4,8,12,13,21
Evaluation of the papers is carried out on the basis of the ,23,28,29]
classification scheme adopted as research methodology. There 4 Business 3 [5,15,27]
are total 30 papers found suitable for carry out the structured processes
review. Appendix-I refer to the article that satisfies the
parameter of analysis. Industry: Articles classified by industry are given in Table 7.
The study shows that manufacturing industries are biggest
Level of analysis: The papers were classified on the basis of follower of the SCOR model. SCOR is as a tool of wide
―level of analysis‖. Table 4 gives articles classified by level of applicability in number of areas; hence 40 percent articles did
analysis. Most of the papers deal with the network level. not include any details of particular industry, such papers are
classified under a separate category called ‗Not available‘ from
Table 4: Articles classified by level of analysis Table: 7.
S.N. Level of No. of Reference paper Table 7: Articles classified by industry
analysis paper (Appendix I ) Industry No. of Reference paper (Appendix I )
1 Chain 9 [2,4,6,8,10,14,22,25,26] paper
2 Dyad 5 [9,11,12,15,21] IT 1 [1]

55
 International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
manufacturing 12 [2,3,6,7,8,9,10,18,19,20,25,30] Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, IJOPM:
SME's 1 [11] International Journal of Operations & Production
Management, IJPE: Int. J. Production Economics, IJPPM:
NGO's 1 [12] International Journal of Productivity and Performance
N/A 11 [4,5,13,15,16,17,22,23,26,27,28] Management, IJPR: Int. Journal of Production Research,
IMDS: Industrial Management & Data Systems, JEIM: Journal
service 4 [14,21,24,29]
of Enterprise Information Management, JMTM: Journal of
Notes: SME- Small & Medium Enterprise, NGO: Non Manufacturing Technology Management, LIM: Logistics
Government Organization, N/A : Not Available Information Management, OJMPOR: Optimization: A Journal
of Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, PNS:
SCOR Utilization level: The Table 8 gives SCOR Utilization Progress in Natural Science, PPC: Production Planning &
level for SCM. Utilization refers to the application scope Control, SCMIJ: Supply Chain Management: An Int. Journal
and extant up to which SCOR is applied. This is done by
evaluating the paper on firm level or wide industry level SCOR and its applicability as an academic study have
approach of author. It is evident from Table 8 that both are tremendous potential. Although the SCM literature reviews
equally reported in research papers. This also proves the point with SCOR model focus are very few in number. There are few
that SCOR model can be applied at all levels for most of the aspects which are highlighted through this study.
supply chains. As SCOR model is mainly related to SCM performance
Table 8: SCOR Utilization level for SCM measurement and performance improvement. Most of the
Level No. of paper Reference paper research is being carried out at the network level. However, it is
(Appendix I ) believed that with the impact of changes due to globalization,
Firm 15 [1,3,7,8,9,11,14,16,19, use of SCOR will definitely increase the responsiveness and
20,21,22,25,26,30] efficiency of supply chains.
Industry 15 [2,4,5,6,10,12,13,15,
17,18,23,24,27,28,29] 5. CONCLUSION

Journal, Year and Publications: Table: 8 give the details This research is an early attempt to provide a brief
about the number of papers published in a journal. overview of SCOR model and supply chain management.
These efforts will help the supply chain to achieve its best
Table 8: Journal v/s no. of articles strategic fit. The study is carried out by selecting thirty
S.N. Journal No. of Reference Year papers from major databases namely Emerald, Science
papers Direct and Taylor & Francis. Articles are further analyzed
1 2009 on parameters like level of analysis, performance
BIJ 1 [11] measurement, area of SCM research, industry, and SCOR
2 BPMJ 1 [5] 2005 utilization level. The study shows that manufacturing
3 CIE 1 [20] 2005 industries are biggest follower of the SCOR model. Most
4 DPM 1 [12] 2011 of the papers deal with the network level. It is very clear
5 EIS 1 [28] 2011 from the study that maximum utilization of SCOR is in the
6 IJCIM 3 [23,24,25] 2011,12,14 area of SCM performance measurement and improving the
7 IJOPM 1 [3] 2004 SCM.
8 IJPE 3 [18,19,21] 2008,11,09 In this structured literature review, the findings is be very
9 IJPPM 2 [7,8] 2006,07 useful not only for researchers but also for business
10 IJPR 3 [22,29,30] 2011,10,07 establishments and managers. This paper also highlighted
11 IMDS 1 [10] 2008 the present status of the SCOR model and brings out areas
12 JEIM 1 [1] 2008 to focus for SCM performance improvement through
13 JMTM 2 [9,16] 2008,12 SCOR. The scope of the study can be further enhanced by
14 LIM 1 [2] 1997 including more articles, case studies from operation
15 OJMPOR 1 [26] 2012 management, business and operation research.
16 PNS 1 [17] 2009
17 PPC 1 [27] 2011 REFERENCES
18 [4,6,13,14, 2004,06,11
[1] Mentzer, J.T. (2001): Defining Supply Chain
SCMIJ 5 15] ,11,12
Management, in: Journal of Business Logistics, Vol.
Note: BIJ: Benchmarking: An International Journal, BPMJ:
22, No. 2, 2001, pp. 1–25
Business Process Management Journal, CIE: Computers &
[2] Christopher, M. (1998), Logistics and Supply Chain
Industrial Engineering, DPM: Disaster Prevention and
Management: Strategies for Reducing Cost and
Management, EIS: Enterprise Information Systems, IJCIM: Int.
Improving Service, Financial Times-Pitman, London.

55
International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
[3] Ferguson, B.R. (2000), ―Implementing supply chain
management‖, Production and Inventory Management
Journal, Vol. 2 No. 2, pp. 64-7
[4] Huan H.Samuel , Sheoran Sunil & Wang Ge, (2004),
―A review and analysis of SCOR model‖, Supply
Chain Management: An International Journal, 09,(1),
pp.23-29.
[5] Soni, G. & Kodali, R. (2012),"A critical review of
empirical research methodology in supply chain
management", Journal of Manufacturing Technology
Management, 23,(6), pp. 753 – 779
[6] Soni, G. & Kodali, R. (2013 "A Critical Review of
Supply Chain Management Frameworks: Proposed
Framework", Benchmarking: An International
Journal, 20,(2), in press.
[7] Croom, S., Romano, P. and Giannakis, M. (2000),
“Supply chain management: an analytical framework
for critical literature review”, European Journal of
Purchasing & Supply Management, 6,(1), pp. 67-83.
[8] Gubi, E., Arlbjørn, J.S. and Johansen, J. (2003),
―Doctoral dissertations in logistics & supply chain
management‖, International Journal Physical
Distribution & Logistics Management, 33, (10), pp.
854-85.
[9] Kaplan, R.S. (1990), Measures for Manufacturing
Excellence, Harvard Business School Press, Boston,
MA.
[10] Burgess, K., Singh, P.J. and Koroglu, R. (2006),
―Supply chain management: a structured literature
review and implications for future research‖,
International Journal of Operations and Production
Management, 26,(7), pp. 703-29.
[11] URL http://supply-chain.org/scor on 12th may 2013
APPENDIX-A
[1] McLaren, T. S., & Vuong, D. C. H. (2008). A
―genomic‖ classification scheme for supply chain
management information systems. Journal of
Enterprise Information Management, 21(4), 409–423.
[2] Stewart, G. (1997). Operations reference model
(SCOR): the first framework for integrated supply-
chain management, Logistics Information
Management,10(2), 62–67.
[3] Iii, A. L., & McCormack, K. (2004). Linking SCOR
planning practices to supply chain performance: An
exploratory study. Int. Journal of Operations & Prod.
Management, 24(12), 1192–1218.
[4] Huan, S. H., Sheoran, S. K., & Wang, G. (2004). A
review and analysis of supply chain operations
reference (SCOR) model. Supply Chain Management:
An Int. Journal, 9(1), 23–29.
[5] Soffer, P., & Wand, Y. (2005). On the notion of soft-
goals in business process modeling. Business Process
Management Journal, 11(6), 663–679.
[6] Burgess, K., & Singh, P. J. (2006). A proposed
integrated framework for analysing supply chains.
55
Supply Chain Management: An Int. Journal, 11(4),
337–344.
[7] Yilmaz, Y., & Bititci, U. (2006). Performance
measurement in the value chain: manufacturing v.
tourism. Int. Journal of Productivity and Performance
Management, 55(5), 371–389.
[8] Cavalieri, S., Gaiardelli, P., & Ierace, S. (2007).
Aligning strategic profiles with operational metrics in
after-sales service. Int. Journal of Productivity and
Performance Management, 56(5/6), 436–455.
[9] Theeranuphattana, A., & Tang, J. C. S. (2008). A
conceptual model of performance measurement for
supply chains: Alternative considerations. Journal of
Manufacturing Tech. Management, 19(1), 125–148.
[10] Gulledge, T., & Chavusholu, T. (2008). Automating
the construction of supply chain key performance
indicators. Industrial Management & Data Systems,
108(6), 750–774.
[11] Thakkar, J., Kanda, A., & Deshmukh, S. G. (2009).
Supply chain performance measurement framework
for small and medium scale enterprises.
Benchmarking: An Int. Journal, 16(5), 702–723.
[12] Tatham, P., & Spens, K. (2011). Towards a
humanitarian logistics knowledge management
system. Disaster Prevention and Management, 20(1),
6–26.
[13] Jalalvand, F., Teimoury, E., Makui, a., Aryanezhad,
M. B., & Jolai, F. (2011). A method to compare
supply chains of an industry. Supply Chain
Management: An Int. Journal, 16(2), 82–97.
[14] Giannakis, M. (2011). Management of service supply
chains with a service-oriented reference model: the
case of management consulting. Supply Chain
Management: An Int. Journal, 16(5), 346–361.
[15] Bai, C., Sarkis, J., Wei, X., & Koh, L. (2012).
Evaluating ecological sustainable performance
measures for supply chain management. Supply Chain
Management: An Int. Journal, 17(1), 78–92.
[16] Cirtita, H., & Glaser-Segura, D. a. (2012). Measuring
downstream supply chain performance. Journal of
Manufacturing Technology Management, 23(3), 299–
314.
[17] Xiao, R., Cai, Z., & Zhang, X. (2009). An
optimization approach to cycle quality network chain
based on improved SCOR model. Progress in Natural
Science, 19(7), 881–890.
[18] Hwang, Y.-D., Lin, Y.-C., & Lyu, J. (2008). The
performance evaluation of SCOR sourcing process—
The case study of Taiwan‘s TFT-LCD industry. Int.
Journal of Prod. Economics, 115(2), 411–423.
[19] Persson, F. (2011). SCOR template — A simulation
based dynamic supply chain analysis tool. Intern.
Journal of Prod. Economics, 131(1), 288–294.
[20] Huang, S., Sheoran, S., & Keskar, H. (2005).
Computer-assisted supply chain configuration based
on supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model.
Computers & Industrial Engineering, 48, 377–394.
International Conference on Smart Technologies for Mechanical Engineering, (STME-2013) 25-26 October, 2013,
Delhi technological university, Delhi: Proceedings, ISBN: 978-93-83083-35-0 (Page 55)
[21] Persson, F., & Araldi, M. (2009). The development of
a dynamic supply chain analysis tool—Integration of
SCOR and discrete event simulation. Int. Journal of
Prod. Economics, 121(2), 574–583.
[22] Li, L., Su, Q., & Chen, X. (2011). Ensuring supply
chain quality performance through applying the SCOR
model. Int. Journal of Prod. Research, 49(1), 33–57.
[23] Taylor, P., Sakka, O., Millet, P., & Botta-genoulaz, V.
(2011). An ontological approach for strategic
alignment : a supply chain operations reference case
study. Int. Journal of Computer Integrated
Manufacturing, 24(11), 1022–1037.
[24] Taylor, P., Medini, K., & Bourey, J. P. (2012). SCOR-
based enterprise architecture methodology. Int.
Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 25(7),
594–607.
[25] Taylor, P., & Lu, Y. (2013). Ontology alignment for
networked enterprise information system
interoperability in supply chain environment. Int.
Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 26(1-
2), 140–151.
[26] Taylor, P., Xiao, R., Cai, Z., & Zhang, X. (2012). An
optimization approach to risk decision-making of
closed-loop logistics based on SCOR model.
Optimization : A Journal of Mathematical
Programming and Operations Research, 61(10),
1221–1251.
[27] Verdouw, C. N., Beulens, a. J. M., Trienekens, J. H.,
& Van der Vorst, J. G. a. J. (2011). A framework for
modelling business processes in demand-driven supply
chains. Prod. Planning & Control, 22(4), 365–388.
[28] Zdravković, M., Panetto, H., Trajanović, M., & Aubry,
A. (2011). An approach for formalising the supply
chain operations. Enterprise Information Systems,
5(4), 401–421.
[29] Wang, W. Y. C., Chan, H. K., & Pauleen, D. J. (2010).
Aligning business process reengineering in
implementing global supply chain systems by the
SCOR model. Int. Journal of Prod. Research, 48(19),
5647–5669.
[30] Gunasekaran, A., & Kobu, B. (2007). Performance
measures and metrics in logistics and supply chain
management: a review of recent literature (1995–
2004) for research and applications. Int. Journal of
Prod. Research, 45(12), 2819–2840.

55

View publication stats