Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tan Brothers
Corporation of
Basilan City v.
Escudero, G.R.
No. 188711,
08 July 2013
Reinstatement
“Reinstatement is a restoration to the state from which one has
been removed or separated, while the payment of backwages is a
form of relief that restores the income that was lost by reason of the
unlawful dismissal.”
Tan Brothers
Corporation of
Basilan City v.
Escudero, G.R.
No. 188711,
08 July 2013
Separation Pay
in lieu of Reinstatement
Tan Brothers
Corporation of
Basilan City v.
Escudero, G.R.
No. 188711,
08 July 2013
Moral Damages
“The employee is entitled to moral damages when the employer acted a)
in bad faith or fraud; b) in a manner oppressive to labor; or c) in a
manner contrary to morals, good customs, or public policy.”
“… in labor cases, the court may award exemplary damages ‘if the dis-
missal was effected in a wanton, oppressive or malevolent manner.’”
Montinola v.
Philippine
Airlines, G.R.
No. 198656,
08 September
2014, citing
Mecenas v.
Santisteban,
G.R. No.
88052, 14
December
1989
Nominal Damages
“The law and jurisprudence allow the award of nominal damages in favor of
an employee in a case where a valid cause for dismissal exists but the em-
ployer fails to observe due process in dismissing the employee...”
“In labor cases, for instance, the Court has held corporate directors
and officers solidarily liable with the corporation for the termination
of employment of employees done with malice or in bad faith.”
MAM Realty
Development
Corporation v.
Balbastro, G.R.
No. 114787,
02 June 1995
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