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Comentado - 1976-BELKIN ROBERTSON-Information Science and The Phenomenon of Information
Comentado - 1976-BELKIN ROBERTSON-Information Science and The Phenomenon of Information
This paper aitns to deduce the fundamental phenom- mental phenomena of information science are deduced:
ena of information science, starting from two premises: the text and its structure, the structure of the recipient
that information science is a problem-oriented disci- and changes in that structure, and the structure of the
pline concerned with the effective transfer of desired in- sender and the structuring of the text.
formation from human generator to human user, and These phenomena are seen as the basic components
that the single notion common to all concepts of infor- of the mechanisms of the channel, which have been the
mation now extant is that of change of structure. traditional area of interest to information science. Some
From these premises, a spectrum of information con- implications of this approach for research in information
cepts is derived, and a partition of that spectrum particu- science are discussed in this paper.
lar to the purposes of information science is described. And, finally, the question of the ethics of theoretical
From this partition, the terms text and information research in information science is raised, and a restrictive
(both in information science) are defined, and the funda- condition is proposed.
Nicholas J. Belkin
Centre for Information Science
The City University
London ECl V4PB, England
Stephen E. Robertson
School of Library, Archive & Information Studies
University College
London WCIE 6BT, England
O problema de
transmitir conhecimento
aqueles que precisam é
uma what
In their paper, Wersig and Neveling find that responsabilidade
is
• Introduction social e a
now called information science developed, historically:
responsabilidade social
In this paper, we attempt to determine the funda- pode ser o real pano de
mental phenomena of interest to information science, ". . . not because of a specific phenomenon which
fundo da al-
CI.
ways existed before and which now becomes an
based on an analysis of the information phenomenon in object of study-but because of a new necessity to
general. In order to carry out this analysis, we must study a problem which has completely changed its
begin with some basic assumptions about the nature of relevance for society. Nowadays the problem of trans-
information science qua science, and from these assump- mitting knowledge to those who need it is a social re-
tions deduce some corollaries about the particular sponsibihty, and this social responsibility seems to be
the real background of 'information science'."
aspects of information of interest to information science.
Our assumptions are certainly not unique (although our Their argument, essentially, is that the present discipline
further analysis may be), and we would like to empha- arose from the rather disconnected previous activities
size this quality by relating them to the work of others, generally aimed at the problem CI éstated
uma disciplina
above, especially
and in particular to a paper by Wersig and Neveling (7), because that problem has become vastlypara
orientada moreo important
which discusses (among other subjects) the nature of problema ou propósito.
(to society) in recent years. But the common thread re-
information science in the light of its historic develop- mains the problem itself. We agree with Wersig and
ment. Neveling that information science is a problem- or pur-
This level may be where our partition ends. For A TEXT (in information science) is a collection
although a textbook (which, with its concomittant pur- of signs purposefully structured by a
pose, certainly falls within our scope) may be considered sender with the intention of changing
formalized knowledge to some extent, there is some the image-structure of a recipient.
doubt that there is such communicative purpose to a
INFORMATION {in information science) is the struc-
purely formal schema representing knowledge. Thus, ture of any text which is capable of
although in Lakatos' masterly analysis of the develop- changing the image-structure of a
ment of Euler's Theorem (5) there is a good deal of per- recipient.
sonification and thus of apparent purpose on the part of
the theory, that theory or formal structure changes, but
does not itself act purposefully to change the structures
*We should note here that such a concept could be applicable to,
of those interacting with it. for instance, fiction as well as scientific literature.