A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality,

primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.

Documentary film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of
education or entertainment e.g. poetic, expository, observational, participatory, reflexive, and
performative.

PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION:

INTERVIEW: this involves 2 types of questions (open ended questions&close ended

questions).Open ended questions: Respondent explains more, begins with what (what happened),
Why (why it happened). How (how did it happen):4llow up qns (how did you feel, so what did
you do then, what was the reaction?)

Close ended Qns: reveal time and place when/where, they makes respondent ans yes/no, helps in
filling gaps hence it’s not suitable interview)

VOICE OVER: The voice over is a film technique that is utilized in virtually every film genre.
Filmmakers use voice overs to provide quick exposition, tell stories, narrate, and provide an
intimate look into the mind of a character. (Mother of the documentary) Gives basic in4, the big
carrier of the message, brings believability, voice of god (hakatwi mtu,jaza ujazwe) a professional
voice over can give a powerful boost to your brand's potential for being noticed

B-ROLL:(montage) B-roll is the extra footage captured to enrich the story you’re telling and to
have greater flexibility when editing B-roll can include additional video footage, still photographs,
animation or other graphic elements.: these are unrelated shots, they are cut from the beginning to
the end of action, they may carry a psychological message, Music is the foundation of B-roll (it
has to be very carefully selected), music with cutting pace, and slow motion with beautiful music)

A-roll, or principal photography, is the footage used to tell the story, B-roll, or supplemental
footage, is used to support or add depth and context to A-roll.

4 WAYS OF MAINTAINING BALANCE:

Rule of thirds (rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of
composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs. The guideline
proposes that an image should be imagined as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced
horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines the horizon sits at the horizontal line dividing
the lower third of the photo from the upper two-thirds. The tree sits at the intersection of two lines,
sometimes called a power point or a crash point.

Head room(Headroom (photographic framing) Headroom refers specifically to the distance

between the top of the subject's head and the top of the frame, but the term is sometimes used
instead of lead room, nose room or 'looking room' to include the sense of space on both sides of
the image):

Keeping the camera in horizontal level (composition) this is simply how you place your camera
for a shot e.g. bird’s eye view, low angle view: means arranging elements within it in a way that
suits the core idea or goal of your work best. Arranging elements can be done by actually moving
the objects or subjects e.g. by changing your own position.

Looking Room is the space between the subject (be it a football, or a face), and the edge of the
screen. Specifically, Looking Room is the negative space on the side the subject is looking or
moving. The great thing is, it’s not just limited to photography, film or television; we can use it in
web design too. Looking room is the amount of space between the subject and the edge of the
screen they are facing. You should have more room in front of the subject than behind.

NB: Framing (the way you set up the layout of your scene i.e. one shot can be seen in one scene
in a movie) Framing refers to using elements of a scene to create a frame within your frame. For
example, you might shoot through a doorway, pulled back curtains, branches, fences, tunnels, or
arches to highlight your subject. Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest
objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Three main factors that will affect how you control
the depth of field of your images are: aperture (f-stop), distance from the subject to the camera,
and focal length of the lens on your camera. Hence: Depth is the sense of perspective in a scene/
a 3d look of a scene with objects in the fore, middle &background.

Size of object in the frame is directly proportional to how important it is in the scene, larger objects
will be more important than smaller objects.

WAYS USED IN TV PRODUCTION 2 MAKE AUDIENCE AGREE WITH US/DO WHAT

WE WANT 2 DO:

Persuasion (use your opponent’s weaknesses as your strength): Motivation:

Provocation(ushawishi wa makundi, peer pressure)