1. What is the difference between unit operations and unit processes?

Every industrial chemical process is based on Unit Operations (physical treatment)

and Unit Process (chemical treatment) to produce economically a desired product
from specific raw materials. The raw materials are treated through physical steps to
make it suitable for chemical reaction. So, knowledge of unit operations like ‘Mixing
and agitation of liquid’ and’ heat flow’ is very much necessary. The subject Unit
Operations is based on fundamental laws, physicochemical principles. Unit
Operations gives idea about science related to specific physical operation; different
equipment-its design, material of construction and operation; and calculation of
various physical parameters (mass flow, heat flow, mass balance, power and force
etc.).
In chemical engineering and related fields, a unit operation is a basic step in
a process. Unit operations involve a physical change or chemical transformation such
as separation, crystallization, evaporation, filtration, polymerization, isomerization,
and other reactions. For example, in milk processing, homogenization, pasteurization,
and packaging are each unit operations which are connected to create the overall
process. A process may require many unit operations to obtain the desired product
from the starting materials, or feedstocks.
Chemical process is combination of unit processes and Unit operation. Unit
process involves principle chemical conversions leading to synthesis of various useful
product and provide basic information regarding the reaction temperature and
pressure, extent of chemical conversions and yield of product of reaction nature of
reaction whether endothermic or exothermic, type of catalyst used. Unit operations
involve the physical separation of the products obtained during various unit
processes.
2. What are the types of unit operations and unit processes?
Unit processes Unit operations
COMBUSTION FLUID DYNAMICS
OXIDATION HEAT TRANSFER VS
COOLING
NEUTRALIZATION EVAPORATION VS
EVAPORATIVE
COOLING
SILICATE FORMATION HUMIDIFICATION
CAUSTICIZATION GAS ABSORPTION
ELECTROLYSIS SOLVENT
EXTRACTION
DOUBLE ADSORPTION
DECOMPOSITION
CALCINATION, DISTILLATION AND
DEHYDRATION SUBLIMATION
NITRATION DRYING, HIGH-
VACUUM
DISTILLATION
ESTERIFICATION MIXING
REDUCTION CLASSIFICATION OR
SEDIMENTATION VS
FLUIDIZATION
AMMONOLYSIS FILTRATION
HALOGENATION SCREENING
SULFONATION CRYSTALLIZATION VS
EXTRACTION
HYDROLYSIS, CENTRIFUGATION
HYDRATION
HYDROGENATION, SIZE REDUCTION VS
HYDROGENOLYSIS SIZE ENLARGEMENT
ALKYLATION MATERIALS HANDLING
CONDENSATION -
POLYMERIZATION -
DIAZOTIZATION AND -
COUPLING
FERMENTATION -
PYROLYSIS, CRACKING -
AROMATIZATION -
ISOMERIZATION -
HYDROFORMYLATION -
ION EXCHANGE -
3. What is the role of a chemical engineer in a processing plant?
Chemical engineers translate processes developed in the lab into practical
applications for the commercial production of products and then work to maintain
and improve those processes. They rely on the main foundations of engineering:
math, physics, and chemistry (though biology is playing an increasing role). The main
role of chemical engineers is to design and troubleshoot processes for the production
of chemicals, fuels, foods, pharmaceuticals, and biologicals, just to name a few. They
are most often employed by large-scale manufacturing plants to maximize
productivity and product quality while minimizing costs.
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES-MANILA
363 P. CASAL ST., QUIAPO, MANILA

CHE 410
CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES
HOMEWORK (PRELIM)

SUBMITTED BY:
VILLANUEVA, MA. REJED V.

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. JUANITA APOSTOL

APRIL 15, 2019