Construction © ~ Nelson’ _ Stud welding applications —Concrete Connections Tee Tel.: (66-2) 7343021 + Fax (56-2) 7365 Panamericana Norte 3525 (Conchali) Santiago Chile (BNc CHILE LTDA. / 2 \ |" Z ~The Nelson System Nelson Stud Welding is the worle’s leading producer of stud welding fasteners and equipment. We invented the stud welding process and have spraad its acceptance to 2 wide variety of end-users. Our customers include leading producers of automobiles, ships, r2ilroed cars, high-rise buildings, bridges, boilers, end construction machinery —just to name a few of our markets, Fastening with the Nelson System is quick, reliable and economical Itis.@ proven and tested method that successfully meets stringent fastening, material and welding codes. It has received approvals from recognized design egencies, code badies and industry standard organizations Each year Nelson's customer list grows. Weare constantly researching few product applications to salve customer assembly and fastening reeds. In the construction industry, Nelson pioneered the use of siud welded shear connec rs, headed concrete and deformed bar anchors, This brochure is intended to give you a comprehensive understanding of Nelson's products, equipment ‘and capabilities thet are specifically designed for the concrete products industry. Nelson's field sales bersonnel and warehouses are conveniently located to sarve you. We will be pleased to assist you in selecting the optimum stud welding system io meet your specific application requirements. We hope you will join the large number of sotisfied Nelson Stud Welding customers, The Process Electric-Are stud welding is the most common process ands utlized whenever metal is fabricated. It is used to best acvantage when the base plate is heavy enough to support the full strength of the welded fasteners, but is sometimes used with lighter gauge material The stud is held in the welding gun with the end of the stud placed against the work. The cycle is started by depressing the trigger button start switch. Tho fastonor is then automatically retracted from the workpiece to establish an arc. The are continues for a prede- termined pariad of time until a portion of the stud and base plate have been melted. Then the walding gun automatically plunges the fastener into the mcltan peal of metal and holds it there under spring pressure. At the same time, the welding current is stooped and, when the molten metal solidifies, the weld is compieted and the welding gun is removed from the stud. The entire operation is ‘carried out under carefully controlled welding conditions. The molten metal is held in place by a ceramic ferrule which also serves to shield the arc. The weld metal is deoxidized by a flux in the weld end of the fastener, or protected by a shielding gas asin the case with aluminum, This results in 2 dense, strong weld which will develop the full strength of the fastener and base plete. The weld cycle depends on the diameter of the fastener and the materials being joined, and varies in time from 1/10 to ® 4-1/2 seconds. Welding currents. range from 250 ta 3,000 amps. T | @ @ Nelson provides the complete system, + Studs + Guns and accessories + Control systems, + Power sources + Integrated powar/control systems ‘All components are stocked for immediate avalatilty Power sources and control systems may be eithar purchased or rented. Nelson's field raprasentatives are trained to provide set-up and equinment service as well as train your operators. ®STUD GUN © Gontrot @ @ BOX The anchors Nelson stud welded concrete anchors are available in two basic types, headed anchors and deformed har anchors Type HAL and S31. are headed studs made from ASTM A-108 Grades 1070 through 1020 cold drawn, low carbon steel They range from 2-9/ 16" to 8" in length and from 1/4" to 7/8" in diameter. Thay may be welded together or “piggybacked” 10 obtain longer lengths. Headed anchors are used in all types of connections and inserts for a multitude of concrete products, Because of the head, these studs are very efficient conerete anchors that develop their capacity with embedment lengths much shorter than those normally required for plain bar, deformed bar, hocks or straps. Headed anchors %" diameter and under have a tensile strength of 58,000 psi. Headed anchors over 3/8" in diameter have a tensile strength of 60,000 psi. All diameters have a yield strength of 50,000 ps. Numerous tests heve shown these anchors to be highly ductie in shear, tension and combined loading applications resufting in increased connection reliability As with all Nelson products. the steel used in the manufacture of headed anchors is carefully controlled and certified as to chemical and physical properties. Type D2L are made from cold rolled, deformed ‘sieel reinforcing bars in accordance with ASTM A496 specifications They have a tensile strength of 80,000 psi with a yield strength of 70,000 psi ‘They are welded to embedment plates and angles which are used to anchor shear keys, bearing plates. colurnn base plates and other canerate connections, Nelson stocks them in lengths from. 10" to 30” anc diameters from yr tot" Length is their advantege over headed anchors, They are used to extend the connection deeply into the concrete member to reinforce areas of potential cracks and failure Nelson also supplies O2L anchors bent to ‘suit individual applications end customer requirements, Deformed bar anchors are superior to hand welded redar because they are produced from steel of known ‘The Nelson System. = process: + anchors, + benefits chemical and physical properties. They can be bent before ar after welding without fear of brittleness: that occurs with hand welded rebar ‘The %'and jf!"diameter anchorscan also be welded at a 45° angle with full weid strength and ductility The benefits Savings from 20 to 30% over hand welded anchors. Siud welding is 3to 4 times, faster than hand welding Less operator fatique, no anchor preparation, less clemping, grinding or weld cleaning and stud wolding speed result in increased outpi Stud welding is consistent time after time. Inspection. touch-up and repair costs are minimized Nelson studs are mado from high quality stool with certified chemical and physical properties, They are menufectured fo raid quality contral standards. This results in anchors with excelent weldability, strength and ductility. Nelson studs will insure that your end products are of consistently higher quality and acceptability. 5Thenezon sytem PYpical applications Precast/prestressed tees Nelson deformed bar anchars ars quickly welded to plates for use as sheer keys and Dearing plates for erecting. connecting and aligning tee sections. Certain 5225 of D2. anchore can be weldes to the plates at e 45° ancle, eliminating a seconcary bending operation and speeding production Note tha use o! the "V" shaped REP stud which engages tensicning strend during the casting operaton, firmiy holding the bearina plate in accurate position, praventing twisting or plate movement Fig. Column base plates Noleon D2L studs es dowels offectively tie main reinforcing bars to the base plate, This eliminates driling holes through the baze and welding the reinforcement extensively on both sides of the plate. ‘The stud welded dowels are easily anc quickly weldec in place when compared with the close quarter hand welding required with other methods. Beam-to-column connections Among the many types of beam-to-calumn connections possible using siud welded anchors, the two ilustrations alow are indicative of the fiaxibilty in design evaiaole to the users of Nelson anchors ~ Fig. Fig: Other approaches to bezm/column connections are j possible with Nelson anchors. Concrete te conciete, st2e! ta concrete cr concrete to stee! connsations are al aly enc quickly designed, fabricated and instaled witn the Nelson system. Figs Composite structures Precast concrete slabs are tled to stee! traming with Nelson shear connectors for obtaining composite action in such structures as parking gerages and commercial bulldings. Similar connections are widely used with precast alomonts to speed bridge deck rehabilitation projects /\ Fia.7Fastening architectural panels (facia) Fig, 8 shows a typicat thin penel secured to a concrete framed puilding, Nove the use of defermed bar anchors (D2L) bent 90° for assuring structural integrity, Vertical alignment is a8 quickly arc 5 Fig.8 A typecal connection for architectural panels used with stee frame, matal deck composite Ouildings. Neleon D2L. anchors are embedded in the relatively thin flaor slab and extend back for maximum resistance ta over-turning forces. Note the application of Nelson producis for @ __battom connections te allow pare’ aclusiments, Also note inserts used in pansl-te-panel connaction or for framing ‘The Nelson System: typical applications \Wnen attaching precast panels to steel framed structures, threaded studs can be used ae either temporary or permanent anchorage. They faclitate panel erection, providing temporary support while panels are quickly aracted end aligned (minimizing crane and erection crew cost). Field welding makes the connection permanent Fig. 10 Stugs are usec for anchoring precast panels to concrete structures having sither precast or pouted.in-placa concrete members. These methods are very compatible with in-plant casting practice. Threaded insorts— alec called weld nuts ere similar to those used in stancard vice type screw inserts, The threaded inserts are hand ‘welded to the inser: plate over suitably sized holes gl / Fig. 11 Increasing use is being made of very thin architectural precast panels for bulcing facia in new construction and ‘n retvofil of existing buidings. Neson stucs weiced 1 the steel frame or t9 steel piates emheddad in concrete structures provide s low-cost, flexible connection regardless of bullding hecnt_ Stamless studs and angles pravent rust bleed through. Siet systems may be ces! Into panels during producsien, Fig.theneison system TYPical applications Insert plates for attachments Inga plates or channel sections cast into concrete during production can leter 0 utlized fer holding miscollanecus attachments such as pipe hangers. duct hangers, celing erids and electrizal supports. By using the flexibility of the stud welding process, owner benefit such 28 faster erection and earlier completion for ‘eceupancy are realized Fig. 18 Shelf angles and brackets Shelf angles and bracket pletes are easily installed using Neleon anchor studs, Simple calculations based on Nelson dete provide confident connections. Usually, the studs selected are of sufficient length to provide full tension development ao well as mact the chear requirements Wher large numbers of anchors are used. itis desirable to have some of the studs longer than others so that the possibilty of a “tension plane” is avoided - vi on XC eas =e Cantilever beam Headed studs welded to 2"diameter cold rolled bars are the main reinforcing element in this cantilevered Srop.in beam system. The use of studs eliminates an extensive, hard fabricated rebar cage. The slud, voles sevembly can be easily inserted into forms for esting, allowing an adcitional 15% increase in form use efficiency, Fig. 18 <2 Column-to-column (Ong methad being used for 2 column-to-column connection employs sleeves cast mn the beam. Main reinforcing bare aro oxtonded out of the top of the Column and fit throuch the sleeves. On| the top of each Bar, 2 threaded stud is walded Welding of the tlireeded stud is done under contrellad conditions to assure full strength. The threaded studs extend through the upper column base plate and act both az a leveling 4 device and Tull strength connection. 1 / el ae. Fig.18Product and embedment data 2"... e Welded studs are used in @ wide renae of applications on Stud welding Nelson headed anchors = Nelson integrated eystormne and deformed bar anchors comaine contrat, gun, cablesand tne D.C. power source in one unit, They are avaiable both standard duty and heavy various steel base plate shapes such as flat plata. angles, euryrmadiels. rounds. etc. and are welded in positions dictated by —Whencombinedwitha stud welding requirements, Ne'son hes developed a wide range unit, Nelson power sources completethatetale of accessories to assure that each application is done easily th consistently high quelity Typical accessories include appropriate leas for stud length used, a chuck (oF (at the std foot and ferrule grip. A ceramic arc shield or ferrule is sunpled with every (@ stud Nelson ships. While meny of the accessories are common t various applications, they can change according, wnchors and deformed bars are influenc to the job being done. Your Nelson representative shoud Rested any tors;onkt dctormed bara s mfienced always be consulted to recommend appropriate accessories: bby‘eaver al factors; concrate strength:end She au renTar yeer aroteater composition, applied forces. reinforcement. distance to free edges. spacing between studs and embedment lengths. References which may Typical stud welding applications be used for embedment strength determination are a8 follow. 1 American Concrete Institute: (ACI 318) Buiicing Code Requirements for Reinforced quirementsneeded for siud welding 0 seemuecne — ‘Fennuis ‘The embedment properties of Neison Headed anchors and deformed © bars welded in the filer of an angle Concrete 2 Prestressed Concrete Institute: PC! Design Handbook Welding to heel of an angle 3 Nelson Stud Welding Division, TRW Inc. “Embedment Properties of Headed Studs AISC Specification for the Design, Fabrication 5 American Concrete Institute, Steel Embedments, Appendix B to ACI 349-75 Code Welding to flat plate in l — (2 Pate verncal positon Pale for poston C. Pile ovement positon =| Deformed ber anchors (%" or "diameter only) welded at 45° angle References which may be used for stud welding inspection, testing and qualification details are as follows: a. American Welding Society, ANSITAWS Stud welding equipmint and pow 011, Siructurat Welding Code — Steal Acomplote stud welding system consists of Section 7. ; {© stug welding contol uritwith gunand cables b The American Society of Mechanical Engineers © power sourentorD.C.slestrcal energy ANSI/ASME 8°V-1X, Qualification Standarc Each stud siemeter requires a fixed smounto! electrics! ergy to produce ull strength, full penetrationwe'ds. e Nelson produces a full line of equipment including beth nirolunksand pawer sources, Available are — Complete with cable anda stud welding gun. theseunitsfor standardanc heavy duty use requires parateD C. power source such 2 aN.E.M.A. generator of translormer -ectiierthe Nelson syeem PFOGUCt and embedment data Headed anchors a 70 sub die.| tergn| * |_| PartNo "ea wo] om [oso aL ” an | ae | a f= nea_[ 5 waa | 2 reo ea - suet | 35 snvassace i int | 35 | sep | yeqy | orowaora vane | see | 5? 11 853008 a wi oss ime | a mi it SL , [or > sHaL sags [19408595 sate iit aM [iornssacs J ovnaans ist wie? nt ossan Whigs iovnie0 oviab 188 innoaE a ioyos00's Haa8018 ino iv He 1098051 maa 085 Bn [in nose 2 hoses A in.088037 Physical properties of H4L and S3L anchors ~ % | ay) ee amete: | Nominal "ie tersis Aiea | uosvimin) is.) Tow om 08 = a7 : car um) 51900 gsi so @ The follewing dala are presented as guidelines only and are based on embedded studs wth adequate spacing for ful -apacity development. Appropriate safety faciors should be applied based on actual use. For further i consult Nelson Design Data 10. @ Headed anchors embedded in concrete with an embedment length more than four times thair diamoter are capable of developing ful shear capacty. Spacing is not as sensitive in shear ea itis in tension. Spacing four ‘imen diameter Setween studs in a plane perpendicular to the shear force and six times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally adequate todevelop fullstudcapacity Freeedgesin thedirection ‘of the shear force and some spacing restrictions along a free edge apply, Consult Nelson Design Data 10, and use proper safety factors and edge reinforcement. An upper bound limit for headed stucs is approached at 0.9 AsFs when concrete strength exceeds 5,000 psi “a @ Headed studs used es inserts have differant values th hase employed! in compesite design, Far shear capacity of studs In composire design with and without metal deck, s20 the AISC cade ané commentary dated Noveriber 1978. sure Ta carte Webasto te olny ai "Hane antes al be Wes HEL or SU ta et wel an eal ro 8 resale weed et he merle Dts os son he ange Su ah 10 prt 4 stantProduct and embedment data E swe Torsion Capac Pe) —Kis() 4 i ob fe eoc0 re=S00d f-2000' fs 2 bes ad Te an mes naa ‘naa ‘0 08 256 558 eat an 20 "402 a 2a an ed Be Ba a0 Te m0 By au an au nese may iia os vere ia) ‘ypc Soar Capac ae Spe iron Conta (1p o0ups | re=suougn” Praag 00g TF TH = a & i 218 ta ve Te a 3 Ait rH sar i The cet ie cbthenetson system Product and embedment data Deformed bar anchors ia. 8 1-066 toe 1.08517 bese ny 88 o Embedment properties of D2L anchors [7 somos Physical properties of D2L anchors Fe Bi] A eminat| asta | viedly | terse Diareter| "Area |osignaion| LBs. ih) | Lis. (in) 7 [am | OS 3500 | 40 s fan} omy e810 aa | ote exo 5 | ow | oa nao «| oon | oe 0c eat svexgh hein) 0000p 5 8 ant 1.00 pin stad share re ng ed esipe ASTM ATI ¢ 0.20, vir 9.80 mac 0t6 ave “To insure that certified Nelson procucts are used, the following spaciicationis suggested: “Concrete anchors: ‘Shall be Nelson, flux led deformed ber anchors, type D2L, welded to plates as shown on the crawings, Studs sill be made fram ASTM A108 cold worked, Cetormed wire Det ASTM 2-685 ano snall be welded per the manufacturers recommencatien 3/8 DIAMETER D-11 iS18 DIAMETER 0-29 3/4” DIAMETER D-41 216 LgEmpeamare 38 3 8 seis = erates remengecanenteurartaris ACL Nelson D2L anchors ere elso aveilable on special order bent te the following shapes ANGLE aEND SIOLESEND HOOK ausie B20 Product and embedment date normal wt. concrete" aL biamster souopei | songs! | _6000pe i 30in]_ 3a 4 ee 10 _ 70 ay & Be as 80 a3 Deiormedbar anchors embedded inconcreiehaveshear capacities which may bs consarvativalycalevlatedaccot- ding iothe formula used for neadedanchors. An upper boundtoshesr canscty f0.9.AsFsaccurs asconcrate ssirength exceeds 5,090 psi. Following are embecment length requirements andshear capacities for narra’ weight concrete. Appropriate spacing with regard oft eriges and adequate distance berwean anchors shoulete maintained :oreach full eapacity. Good engineering practice dictates trat safety factors appropriate tothe connection usage should always be used, normal wt. eonerets Ta iemetsr | 000 psi | 900 psi | so00 gsi | 000 pl W 225k | 2ésum | 380 5 x 4a ‘ 730 ‘ as | a0 | 1920 | 1300 aD mw [ies [2 “Rey Wait We of Concrata 30 [3 | 00 | tos | 110 [tis [720 Pe) a] a | |e | ae ez |os| ar| | | se | a>) csciean Sus eamny pany rorocroneisonces Nelson systems for construction Nolen field raproontatives ean provide completa intorme- ars lion ine proper equipmentfor any stud walding application, Stud welding unite integrates power /eonteol systems and power sourcas are immediately available for purehaseor rantal Serviceand airing areprovided oe an isan il through our injernatianalfield organization. Recommended Ses ne 2 scuipmentis ssown in tha chartatrightand detailed eB ln ls information on equipment specifications is availableon Sse Mase 2 request Nelson equipment pe fees non weld Be a Series 700, Mov 100 ‘timer sa a Se, Sores, | Waser ect Dergoeplint co pease’ | > . eres seve Seow mec oan ao eae Ta Stee, Set ees to wl Fe Ganewn hades BOE at ‘etait iy baad eats noe here eens tr eles bower fare Eateetormrie widens pepe Wess fem ar Se Se CREEP Q ‘Neson Stud Welding ‘ 7200 Wert Ridge oad Biya, OH 6025-2018 216330400@ Nelson, Standard In-Stock Studs aa artiTable of Contents 2 General Information 4 CPL Pitch Diameter Base Studs 2 FEP Full Threaded ase Studs 3 CFP Full Threaded Base Studs 3 CELEUI Threaded Base Studs. 4 CEL Full Threaded Knockoff KJO) Studs 4 CFL Full Threadod Base Studs. 5 5 6 6 & KL Threaded Coler SAL internal Threaded Studs. NBL.No Threed Studs NBL No Thread Auso L2L Lagging Wittole PBL No Thread Collar : aL Deformed Bar Concrete Archos ‘eed Bolle: Studs Plate Henge Tubuler Hangars Bonding Hangers: . 14 POP Double Pointed Inguletion Ping. jenn CHP Cupped Head Insulation Pia sini ‘TPC Single Pointed Insulation Pin ATC, ATS, ATA, FTC Stored Arc® Threaded Speed Clos : 17 Stud Ceps ard NUS 18 Standard Ferues — ee 18,20 Weight Char 2 ‘Weights - Sheers end Headed Anchors sain Standard Are Welcing Studs — Tensile/Torque Stiengths (Low Carbon Steel) 28 ‘Stancard Are Welcing Studs — Tensle/Torque Stengths (Stainless Steal Stored-Arc* Welding Studs Tensileiels Strength. Insulation Fasteners - Quantity Per Carton. is 25General Information ® i engineering specifications which cover al of the stuos ths publication regarciess of size or shape are deteiled ‘Stud Dimensions (After Weld Length) Tre length Gmenaion (L) carrie # the overall length of the stuc Before Weld. Tre Afler Weld length wil ba shorter dapenden: upon tha size of the stud end ‘e neding process as Shown in ne ‘olewing table ui Diameter Weld Process. Lonuth Reduction nroughout the specif '= studs shown are avaiacle in mild or stainless ste (is stocked, the stoel grade itis stocked in is The low cerbon steel or mile stee! studs conform within ascnabie limits ta the analysis shown ?.9.040% Max S-2.050% Max, Stainless Steels: Stahoss stecls tyne 18.8 for iamotors than 14", 118" or smaller diameters are commonly 5-305. Other grades of 300 series stainless steele arc evellable \encent $5.302) when recurea Aluminum: In aluminum, olay 5356 8 me: ‘tug welding and alloy 1100 far $ Threads ‘cormenly used fo: dard threads on studs (Other threads are avail thread lergthis 3 Flux Nelsan Studs 5/16" diameter and over ara solid fluxed. Below iemeter sold flux or nom fluxed studs are evalabl fest. The rectangular studs n this publication ere net Mochanical Properties Mi num Expected Values fas cod. 2n) are shown in tabla Annealing | led to 2 maximum of 75 Rocews Po extia charge is appli desired, Typical sta! Fallows: 0,009 psi ion 40% soparetely aor should be spec 1, materia! end quantity cequired che length, ama ye accessories 7034) svalasle to ed in placoment Deliveries ‘wil be happy to advise you es the the studlordered. He ie 1 roper archor yp} date of receipt of an orc which require mori: 2 delivery promise Extra Charges Annorestcek or special 2 requires ments subject ta a.seus for satting dias onto the end changing production erocesses. ‘on'si0ck item may be given racluction proviy i required aeFore tha acknowleases date. Should such service be reauited ard apcravec: tomar will be cherged ar excra "breakin" jee for thi or With approval by Neson, tock itorns are not eunjoet 10 additional charges. Packing othor than standard and exaort packing is subject to exe charge end quotetian will 9¢ medio an reauees For stud diameters, lengths and materials other than shown ~ Consult your Nelson Sales Representative. “Note: ATS ond ATC Studs are supplied only in an annealed condition with physical properties as fisted,CPL Pitch Diameter Base Studs Standard mexicnum thread lengt is3" = o-4 Ordering Exemple: nas Neleon Tyne CPL, 1/2 t A : LU ~ ace = Stud Materisl: 2x2, Par No. 101-0) Lew Carbon Steel per ASTM A102 Grades 1010 through 1020 Thread Wold Fillet Dis. Dimensions | Fillet | Ferrule D Length | Par to. ofa [e [Ft _[otsar. | PartNo. | Chuck Grip Foot” rie | vororrors a7 | av | om | ars | icororore cores, | S020 via | jor-cr7.07 '02.001-901 vag | 101-017-028 2 roncr7.032 315 | ue [708 101-017-112 3OVI7S ror.a722 Teororces | Socostoos | s0+c01 008 701-017. 301-0171 101-017-582 (O1-017185 01-017-108 01.0977) 01-0170 ro1t7.199 1191713) ierareaig y1ar7-190 101-017.195 107-017487 soror7-98 101-017-204 305 [ase | 08 Teororae [socaao1r | s01-ac1-007 sour 502.007.08 ae [so [oe 101018-160 yorn73i2 10% tore wororrst? 104017318 yoro17229 so1-017-321 sot-or7323 1oV017-324 r0701 101-017-228 101-017-528 au Teororaes | scoooro\ | ser-007-008) Fé Duty Guns wy Dury Gane 0CPL cosines ‘Stud Material: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020 Thread Weld Fillet Filet | Ferralo Pant No. c_ja |e [F _| clear. | PartNo. rip Foot worarrar | sez | 525 | 750 | ver | ie | words coor | saz: toro 5 2 rorar7a7s 2a | rovora77 2a 22% 3 rorerrs2a | 680 en | 250 | ese | icororoacr | sconare | eoronoie ror-017425, ror-a17425 ror-nr7427 2az | rorerraes 2 101.017-499 + Verical Weiding Sor FFP Full Threaded Base Studs #6 : Ordering Exemp! Nalson Tyee FFP, 10.32 «9/2, Part No, 101-031-077 Jeb ala Stud Moterial: Low Carben Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020 Thiead Weld Filet, Die Dimensions | Filet | Ferrute o Length | Part Ne c le F Pert No. rip sz [aa | toes 2a | on 100-101-083 30107-004 a7 CFP Full Threaded Base Studs i32SPSen csr, convo sora Stud Material: Low Carbon Stesl per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020 Thread Welt Fillet, Dis, Dimensions | fille | Fecrule o Lenath | Part No c fee | chear.| part a. Chuck Grip woze faa | rovnoael eo oe [ose ae a7oe_| Soo0nT OTF 01-0010 *502007-137 or 502-001-198 F rin Standard Duty Guns '502.001.091 er 502.001-092 Feet ueod with Haovy Duty urs ©CFL Full Threaded Base Studs ‘Stud Material: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1920 DB Lonath | Part No. c fe fr [otean| panne, | chuck Grip oe | a7 Bop 001007 For-neT a05 ax [se |rorooos [ze [2 iororosie+ 0.010.006 roto16e reraron) rororeaies* vin | iorsieo) ria [roroioee za | torovener 70 | S00 | 1eotorae | So0-101-008 szooT": ano1e065 52.01.03 intoro-c67 1oro1e. vig [rare Torev0-110 anor 12 3 yorsroina 0-010 342" sag | rore10177 101-010-198 28 91-010: ve | yo1-o10179 ye | 191-010-480 o_|ior-ov0-183 teed ® CFL Full Threaded Knockoff (K/O) Studs Ordering Example: Nelson Type C? Tooteran | soca 00 191.025 300 502-00'-00) ear [ase | eo | isstorea? | eoo-c0i-014 x1 KJO 5/8, Part No. 701.01 ‘Stud Material: Low Corbon Steel per ASTM A102 Gradas 1010 through 1020 Thread Weld Fillet, Din. Dimensions | fillet | Ferule Q tengih_|patno. |e |€ [F _| Clesr.| PartNo, Chuck Feot™ THO V2 360 | 100 | a7 [scorotos) | s0o00c07 Boz 10 58 502.001 Duty Suns wth Heawy Duty GunsCFL Full Threaded Base Studs 9 Sarge, CKL Threaded Collar Ordering Example: ws Nelson Type CXL, 200 5 1-1/8318 x 518, Part No. 19 4 rr] D tt = at ‘Stud Materia: Low Catbon Stee! per ASTM A10E Grades 1010 through 1020 Thread Wedtaes Dia Da. ferrule D Lensth_| Patti, |e 4 e PartNo. Gig Font 002101088 01.0010 Ordering Example: Tl Nelsca Type S8L. 1/22, PartNo. 107-70 2 Stud Mterial: Low Carbon Stee! per ASTM A108 Grades 1019 through 1029, Weld Base Tapia Major Die. | Dis B Length | Pato, o c A Ferrals Wo. _| Ghus Gris wee fz tot-i0i-o06 | 500 315 ar corcrosi | sooosare | saccor-008 worsooe7 | 62: ooreior2 | scooor ore | s01cor009 (0 602-001-135 Fao: Used with Standard Dany r= 282 of $01-001-001 F with Heavy Duty GunsNBL No Thread Studs oo 7 Ti Ordering Exemple: Nelson Type NBL, 3/8 x 3/4, Part No. 107-0634 0 1 i ] 1 = te — Togs gul act Loy Carbin Skis por ASTM A10 Gado 1040 though 000 ane Set au [rate [POE [Eee | il wii ee q t | a Stud Material: > 1 A —— Low Carbon Steal per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020 = ae eal See am ida Pe a 101-085-136 751-040-022 0© L2L Lagging W/Hole Ordering Example: Nelson Tyoe L2., 28x 1-1/2, Pert No. 101-080-012 ‘Stud Meteriol: Low Carbon Stee! per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020 Sue Wald File Dia. Dim, | Filet | Forrule StudPart Wo. | Swi Description [DJA |B |e [F | Ciesr.| PartNo. Chuck Grip Feott vores [38x 1-172 a8 | Soa] 158] 550] 125] G02 | toot070a9 [eooecr or | sar oor one F3L No Thread Collar id Ordering Example Reson Type F3_. 1/2 1-1/8, Part No. 101 ‘Stud Material: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020, Sud Dia, Ferre Stud PartNo. | Stud Doseription }D | a, co | Pann Chuck Grip vorasioca [1x 1-18 2 ais [a28 | 100. ‘So1-001 012 59 197 oF 502.001-128 Fe ‘001-097 or §92.001-c02,D2L Deformed Bar Concrete Anchors ‘Ordering Example: Nelson Type D2L, 1/4 x 12.1/8, Part No. 107-064-835 ‘Stud Material: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A496 Tale % | atsuece_f owes Grip Foot PartNo. D 101.061-957 70 _| woxor-iset 0002-000 yor085 7 101-488 ootor-a28 00-101-226 Forrule and Accessories for welding studs In filet of angles/structural shapes Sad Terrale For Filler is. f Length | welding in Filet Radius Grip ( 00-06-01 5 07-004-008, 3 199-106 002 250 507-000-006 met 2 (007103-008 250 poooras | sor-con 008 ywor20r1 a5 Top T08 005 Or GOLDS e Too 106054 375 soruceoia | sczac2cc 190-103-012 750 sone Ferrule and Accessories for welding studs to heel of engles/ structural shapes Sua Fernule For Bia._| Length Welding to Heel of Anglo | Chuck Seip Feot® Sane soaker Sr above 301004007 ‘Sane as above sorneaons | sozo0204e 07002008) Soraeanid ‘Sante es above 2.002.048 or saz0u2.0H6 Feet s9p022-G01, 502002.092 erH4L Headed Concrete Anchors ae ‘ rf oO a Longin 1 — Y ‘Stud Material: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1020, Femi Far Lenath_| Partto, 4 Fit Sure _| thick Grin Foot? zaIn6 500 701.067 | gon0or ove 218 z a8 70 | woovoises | smooras 1a 2 [21a me aoa | woosorste | soooro0s 518 a pene | sis sia | rcrosso: aia | riosa0.0 zine | iwrossa2 | a2 255 300-001-068 Eee 23n6 07.002.00 eons aane Varta Welding Sufaces ws Fovule 100701 226 € Forrule and Accesso 1 studs in filat of anglee/etructural shapes Su soeFerWeliing | Filet Dis, | tena in Filet Flies | Chick rip 2176 00-106001 rr sonora | s01-c02009 418 ae fava aaos-0me sooo oTe eats sie a Tononaee waoises | soraosace ae tocaoEon a8 556 8 51g 2A Tooorame | soraceaoe aane “ee GGG fsa Gra No SOTOROTO Ferrule and Accessories for welding studs fo heel of angles/structural shanes Sud Forle For Welding iz, | Lengin to Hee! of Angle chuck Grp Foot i | same sa atove = = = Smeas store soon fscvamoss | son Sinem ahove Scnsoro%e | s0i-008 Sane an above 08-003 scnc1088 | €01-004008 -ONEOAS or 802-002.0%6 Fost 22-001 or BO2.002-0 fad with Stancard Duty Gune et used wah Heavy Duty GunsS3L Shear Connectors A Ordering Example: Nalson pe SSL 3/4 x2 6 a4 Stud Materist: Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1070 through 1020 Sud Ternile Far oy Flat Suriace**| Chuch ip {250 | ioot07-182F | sovooroas | 501008027 Part He, 101-0980 1oV-09s-i32 101.098.127 10)-096-007 301-008. 101-088-011 01-0001 wi 101-0080" 101-0889 a5 Tas [voter [scccois: | sorccecze sare | to1os8.0s3 rane | ro1ose03 e 161-098-087 a sed Tor Wine Tina Ds Apolcaien, USS Panne TOTO + For Vertes! Wading Surlaces use Perle 100-163-228 Fertule Accessories for welding studs ia fillet of angles/etructursl shapes: Sud Forilo ForWalding | Fille Bis__| Lenath as Chuck Ori Foot™ ge | Simeasanoe a8 500007-058 300.002 052 Ferrule and Accessories for welding studs to heel of angles/structurel shapes Ferrule For Welding Lenath to Heel of Angle Shuck Gp Foot Same as above: 5a 500-007-088 500007 004 Bia __| saronn0e 502-002-0 »R6P Rectangular 128 =o Ordoring Example: } Nelson Tye 86°, 1/8 x 3/8 x 1/2, Part No, 197-009-007 cet. Low Carbon Steel per ASTM A108 Grades 1010 through 1920, ‘weld Filet Dimensions Forrule Bofc jw |e [F |G |Patne | chuck Grin Feat® Sat | 130 | aa 28 | 100801-002 | se0o0s-009 | E0N-001-o07 x 98 x 1 Re? 10 Ha 3/8 x 1-110 n5>| 0 8 38x 172 Re>| 0 x 58» TROP 125 | 1.00 | 955 | S52 | ear | 7s | aie | aoosorse eor-c0r-a72 101 2 Jivex se x1 Rep R7P Rectangular W/Hole Ordering Example: Nalson Type RIP, 1/8 » 28x 1, P No. 101 a ‘Stud Material: u 5 =~ + c= __Low Carbon Steel per ASTM AI08 Grades 1010 through 1020 Wald Filet Dimensions Foreule Stud Description DA je [a fe PastWo. | chuck | Grip vax ae x1 RIP ws [az laa)ae 278 | 100201-802| son.005.003 | sov-c01cor 3% 30 x1 io WO 19 rere a7 | 263 [sco [ 128 [ear [083 [26 | torso a5 Een} r Ordering Example: Se Nolson Type NSP, 316 x 1, PartNo. 197-074-014 9 502-001 ‘Standard Duy Gure so used with Heavy uty Guns nS4X Refractory “Y” Anchor Ordering Example: “ coe re it x 2./t, Pro, 107-000-023 6) dale ———— Stud Material: SS AISI 305 Foi Dis Fernle sue Pano, [Sua beserpion |B a |e ¢ Fann, —[cmct | exter Tanz Ss pa rotor a [coors [seas axe I are ong aasereoWy $7X Refractory “Steerhorn” Anchor ws? , Ordering Example: 7 | Notson Tyee S7% 2196 «5B, bergin \\ Bart No. 101-122-003 Stud Materiel: SS AISL305 Sul ’ ia D A crock __| ovine a 516 TeDI0170 501-0508 Ordering Example Noloan Type BVP, 18 x58 x 2-12, Part No. 107-1 Stud Matarial: SS AISI 304 310 [Min T Tine | Base | Min engin | Length | Length Ferrite sudPantic.|Sud Description] Ss |B, [t___|a_|o |r |w_ | Panne. ria Feott wexean27 [200 [oso [3760 8 [100-01 F0)-00072 Fexsexe [250 Vexsaes ( aus Wax 88 7ious — wes Boye SL In-Stock Standard Cable Hangers Single Cable Hanger PartNo. | Descrinton A Ciblere Diameters from a inches) SLOWSTAL Double Cable Han Doseristion Crbiete Diameters Inches} Four Cable Hanger Stacked cable Diameters PartNo, Description A (inches) Tori97-686 [s.c10= 7K Pana 1.000 81 Plate Hangers Length ATubular Hangers PartNo. Description vort0720i 1c1-107-282 103-107-288 Past rora9e302 yotoae-20e Tor anes! toicsesos_ | P2P Double Pointed Insulation Pins $L0240-TK Plated ‘SLOZSO-TXt Psted SLOUS2-TKL Pisted LC259-TXL Pisted SLO2S4-TXL Plated SLOQE5-TXL Plated 2 Ta rn sus oud | i. | rot oe \ Part No. Des D__| PartNo. Grip 1 | 191-126-100 | 10G: 134 | 100-101-002 ‘507-001-003 i Ve 101-126-150 | 10s. 10Gal] | the [oe vs trae [oc ~ 91-126-350 | 10Gs. | 101-126-400 | 10Ga x4 roraarso |focexs i tees Joo Sese Pam toiass0 [Toes CHP Cupped Head Insulation Pin [ee sud | sua be. fate, | deen o A $ 101-123437 | 10Ga.x 148 CHE 134410 Gad] 240 i fovizatee toa Iovtenseo Rex oi-124062 | 12Gs.x58 CHE oizeao | taenazer 5212.00.17 Foot used wth Standard Duty Bune '502-00)-001 Feo wth Heavy Duty GunsTPC Single Pointed Insulation Pin Pin Stud Stud Dis, Spark PartNo Dessription oO c A Chuck Shild rerzezo7s | ioca.xa@ 138 28 = son-007-002 | §11-007.002 vergezico | 10Ga.n3 iri) unser 31/2 ror-2en-r2 1oGax ie vor2e7150 | 10Ga x12 er-ze2200 © | 10Ga.x2 101-282.250 000. «2172 toGa.x3 10Ge.x212 511-001-008 loGaxa svar" 10Ga.x412 10Ga.x5 10Ga +512 10Ge.x6 12.Ga.xae 735 12Ga.x1 2 Gat Y2Ga.x 1a 12Ga.x1.42 12Ga.x 13a 12Ga.52 12@ax204 12Gax242 12Ga.x3 122x310 12Ga.x6 12G8 earn 12Ga.x5 12Ga «512 rorzersco | 1268.x8 os 500-007-769 507-0 le 3 2-001-138 Foat used with Sa Duy Guns 5ATC, ATS, ATA, FTC Stored-Arc, Threaded 2 2 2 = = SB = = = = T= Et, Three Dia sud Tyne chuck Spork shield Deserinon | 9 c ¥ soma |S 292% HATE 168 S422 ATC a2 x uZare aaauate BOE eanxanare m e32x vRare B37. ATC BOT wozexa@ ate 1ez= | 229 lozax 12atc 028% a4 ATC 1o24x1 ATC son-o01 oS 0x29 ATE Er) 1oaze 12 ATC josex aie ate jos aTe SOOO OT Tix UATE 760 ibe 58 ATE jee eae ite 1 ATE be 4 ae ite re are ime [wean — [sreorie wie, aarre S116 FR FIC soon __| sr 01-08 ea2xaeaTs [6a a 500-007-005 asraeats |e. 3 300-001-05 O24x ATS 2 2224 V2 ATS ™ $00-007-D07 Tix ATS z VaR EATS 200 ae Tsar [srraunaer | voraaocs7 3908 of 301.202.075 la ATA SODDOT aE vorzasose [vaxizata [va2e | 200 asic | 4x ATASpeed Clips Pin Sie AThieknaes 2 0126s aa 12 9.1263, a2 D Pin Size ‘Rihicknese sq | 10 12Ga om ea. | 19 1260, 02 vexi_|i0 126, 02 Pari We Descristion 2 Round Mie stest pat Mid stent patos TP" Round 2 Ca Mild steel pte 10a. Mie esi pate 2/2 2-1/2 Squete Mic see! plates 108s. Mie steel ptsc V2 1172 Square il pats 1747 Rectangular Mie sol pl Mie steal plated igtion Seced Cl —1W2 eq withStud Accessories 01302162 on oright Nu 3/8 Teena wlo Lesling Faatuve Fate facia isso annum Sica rn L Fata ssp wiiwocnese|t soe Fara TO 4 afi sy b-as00. |.D.te gree ore 9/16" Dia, NSA cr NIE 18 yyStandard Ferrules Bleck dia. | DMsjordia | FHeightto Neck PartNo, 015 010) oorerore 234 ioosoron8 24 0001-006 255 100-101-007 204 too101 008 238 ro-101.008 234 roos01.9:0 280 root07-018 234 100-101-024 281 00-107 005 291 yoo.107-976 281 100.107-027 zat 100-101-030 425 rop-101001 198 100-101-0 i69-101-968 100-101-067 too-101-077 109-107-208 toosig1-116 Yo0-101-138 o0-01-120 te0-101-182 too-101-187 Collar Stud Ferrules 100-101-068 100-101-073, 100-101-082 | 275 09s 575 085 S75 zh 1030 Weld-Thru Deck Ferrules woos | 10s 7 | = 206 To Vertical Weld Surface > to ania" joe-i0i-224 030 x 506 o—l 100-101-238 ois 205 7Standard Ferrules BWeck die. | DMajordia, | FHeighite Weck | MHsight Overal Port No. =o £015 010 Onto Heel 0.005.001 7 £0.105-002 11030 100105003 1.030 400-105-005 se30 1218 00-105.006 ao 1010 ToPipe Tanvoncre Te into Fillet 700-106-007 360 578 50 091 0 200 901030 735 8 4p0-i96.00 1020 5 190%: 027 roi wie lop toscet zie ‘Aluminum 100-10 7a 90-101 047 ioo-t07-048 is 1001010 030 4-101-059 3000 100105.951 one Rectangular 100-301-002 505 Ao 330 Rectangular 100.301-008 sx 14098 a3 Rectangular oan ae A 208 ‘Aor JWeight Chart a, Estimated Weight of Threaded Studs per 1000 (Always use length before welding t determine weight) © Diameter Lenath ans ins. a 78 aA 258 5 a0 Sto 9 se 23 405 5 1338 255 B10 9 ve. 28 55 5 1972 ato 650 9 aac 3e2 785 5 2108 42s 55.0 a ars 468 935 s 2042 020 9 21.0 1103 5 ora 130 9 3145 28 5 43 ab 0 428.0 1488 i330 2 1615 3 5 i700 B25 Each Additional Inch 19 10 a 38.0 € ed for Collar Studs 5a 72 20 128 Ferrule 20 25. 30 35 Estimated Weight of No-Thread Studs per 1000 Dianeier Length 318 a srs. 78. i 60 105 182 5 Bo 140 zie 3 ° 175 2 1 219 2 ° 250 ate zs 382 a 2 2 250 a6 6 2 pile 215 4 on z zie sso | ass, 52 5s | 600 1 20 | oe 5 ws | 209 7 “90 763 4 es | os 2 sso | sta 2 595 | o> 9 30 | ge. 28 665 | 1036 7 309. 03.0 5 ‘sone neh eo nr) 218 425 wee a 30 39 40 30 60 5 ©Weight - Shears and Headed Anchors Shear Connectors WeichvBox | ays | Oys Wa ‘| Nerwat! Catalog No. Description WioBex | Box Palit | BoxSize | M.Pes._| Pallet 107-096-005 ier 33653 yor les. [220 wae (| rear a8 We x 348 SH. 107 20 aren | Shear 438 3/4 x 3.18 & 59 2 zon | Shear 508 Bax SAB SIL sa 0 2320 | Stear 585 2a x e778 So 8 140 2510 | Shear eRe 92 130 2340 re 0 120 2160 m8 8 no 1980 787 101-096-015 Bien EHS SSL 3 160 1800 m5 107-036-018 38x 736 SL 5 90 620 exe 101-098 3 16 S3L 5 7 960 | Shear 1067 7ex31 Ie SI or ry Shear Pe 78x23 31 108 zo | Shear att TEx 53/06 531 9 100 Shear oan TExES S3L a eu rato | Srear i153 wax 7ane Sat 3 7 so | Shear wn 78x82 a 60 50 Shear 73 WeightBex [ays | an/ Wal | NetWat/ Deseristion Wwiokex | Box Pallet jze__| M.Pos_| Pallet Wa 2 FSA a roo) 27.000 as Ei Waxe 38 a Bex 8 50 18 55 250 28 102 600 8 300 490 238 5 300 22 200 ant x68: 70 33 (ex B1aHel ne 504 x2TIAG HAL 100 mae 25 x aarne Hal 20 200 450 Bex eaite Hal 7 120 652 wean Bel e 5 1 Above Weights do not include weight of box Empty shearearione 1 SE Lbs y stud cartons 1.00 Lbs, Shear eartena -18 per pallet d cartons —27 per pallet For gppreximate grass shinoing weight of full palet quantity add 80 Los. to net weighvpellet figue ls Note: All of the woights have bees celculatad at the mean dimensions of the tolerance alewen: 2Standard Arc Welding Studs — Tensile/Torque Strengths Low Carbon Steel — 55,000 PSI Min. Ultimate, 50,000 PSI Min. Yield META Yield Load (Ls) ‘Tensile Loed (Lbs) Yielé Torque” Ulimate Torquet Ultimate Shear Lved Sté Thread Die, 59, @ 50.00 Pst 25K 00S @50000PSI —@55,000PS (hs) a 55,000 PSI =~ 870 3Rirch 26 irc los 10900 a7irct ibs 4) ireh be oz 1590 Bt bs 7 bs, 2700 035 1310 Di be of ba 27 2620 13% ios 283 18H os, 7 los ore 2678 2AM tbs 27 ft be 088 4330 27 ft be, S04 Iss 105 5315 sao he e268 118 e909 Wit bs 5250 vasa uNe 142 098 7810 soft ibe 6Sft Ibs 2-20 UNF 160 ono 00 Bf be 731 bs, Func 28 11.300 MBit, 150 Ibe ear 18 UNF 255 12.750 White 146 ft bbs e372 3710 UNC 338 16,700 18310 208 los les 372 600 20460 252 flee to. 482 23100 207 Folks, 970 Fe Is 503 23450 ST fits. LaF Ibs 605 30300 S05 itis. B55 Ibs a 678 300 BOS Ieee, 620 ft bs, 408 ‘Toraue figures based un assumption thet excessive detorm: ts proportional rarge, NO! thread has not taken relationship between terquostension cu: of fn actual practice a stud should not be used atts’ yied feed. A: studs De uses at no more than 60% of yied. However ‘actor of 5 ‘The user will make this determination of of safety must be zrpii ety Its genaraly recommens. By vary up er down, deperding on the perticuler eps Formula used to caleulate above dete es follows: Where Nominal Thread Diameter ¥ = Yield Stress in PS! A= Mean Ef Z= Viele Load in Pounds Ubimate Torque... id Terque T= 2xDxL nT = BxDxZ. ETA are used instaad of toot ares in caléulating screw strengths because of close: correlation with actual tensila sirength. ME r= based on mean diarreter, which isthe clameter ol an imaginary co-axial cylinder whosa surface would paas through the thres rofie spprocmataly midway between the minor and pitch dla-netecs haar figurae ere hesed upon 0 5 x Tensile Suength x No-rinel Gross area of tha stud, In actual practice a stud shovid ro: be used 2115’ ultimate sheer load, A tector of safety must be applied. The AISC Marunl of Steel Consiruction Sth Edition uses the folowing aalety fectore for allowable stress: Threads no: excluded from shear plane -5,88, Threads exciuded from shear plano - 4.85. The user ‘will make this safety factor determination, 2Standard Arc Welding Studs — Tensile/Torque Strengths Stainless Steel — 75,000 PSI Min. Ultimate, 30,000 PSI Min. Yield if | | META — Yield Load(Lbs) Ultimate Tensile Load (Lbs) Yield Torque* Ultimate Torqte* Ukimate Shaar Load eqin, — @ 30000 PSI 5000 PSI @monPS| —75000PS Ibs) at 75000 PSI™* or sa 20 inch ‘20 800 23 inc lochs, ose 2 40% tes 9.9 tbs one2 a1 A5ftlbs 1d fe osea 157 3ea0 Bots 205 ft tbs 0578 var ag 20h ms 220 hts, ae 105 bs ies, 1e14 UNC 3083 3189 a4 les 1620 UNF 1180 Ba 23 ws. 2 UNC 1419 2087 ase 55h ts 27 fs, UNF ‘200 #900 12.000 anos (C20 Fla 45098 45099 uNe 5.050 0.860 Tore figures based ional range. sive deformation of thread has not teken r fectice 2 stuc should no: be used at iis’ yield |aad. A factor of safety must be epolied. It is gereraly recommen Used at no more shan E0% of vield. Hawovor fecter of safety may vary up or down, derending on the jartic ‘The user will make this determinstion Formula used to calculate above deta as follows: Where D = Nerina! Thread Dlametor Y = Yieks Sire6s in Ps A= Mean Effective Thread Area (METAY Z= Yield Load in Pour G — Tensile Seess in PSI L= Tensile Lesa i Pounds F Torque i Inch Pounds Uttimste Tensile... “Lesa Ultimate Torque Yield Z=VA Vield Torque META ere sad instead of root eres in celeulating serew strengths because of closer car sed. on meen diameter, whieh is tha aiameler of zn imeg nary co-axial linger whose Tie aperextrarely micwee Jen the mingr er pitch dameter ‘nutes ere based uoor 0.75 x Tensile Stress x Norrine! Gross Avea of the stud, In 2c ety must bo azoliee. The user will maka this safety factor determination,Stored-Arc, Welding Studs — Tensile/Yield Strengths € , Low Carbon Stee! — 50,000 PSI Ultimate, 35,000 PSI Yield Stainless Steel — 75,000 PSI Ultimate, 30,000 PSI Yield Aluminum — 21,000 PSI Ultimate, 20,000 PSI Yield Uniesate Tnsile Load (Lbs) Yield Load (tbs) Stud Thread Dia, Carbon Steel Stainless Aluminum Carbon Stes! Stainless Alumina 9 687 32 3 275 : 1.087 Be a3 ara 1305 oe 609 522 1507 22 708 03 2a77 686 1310 93) 2ni8 780 1267 1o0ne Insulation Fasteners — Quantity Per Carton , Type Oty. Per Carton © toes 227 Fe Iona and under 109s. TPCPine 10.98.» 24172 long ard under 5,090 22 through e * 2500 12g. TPCPine 12 8.425172 ong are under Shou 12.0. Cupped Head Pins with 1-3/16* Diemoter Head Al lergihs through 2° : 1.000 10a, Cunped Head Pins with 1-1/7 Diameter Head Speed Clips Note: Shismens wil be made in fullearion lots nly ©SPECIALS The stud types and dimensions shown in this extalog were developed to establish economical standards. ‘This does not preclude our ability to manufacture special stud types or studs with dimensions outside the stud dimensions shown, Peer re iin apple riiing einsbrcion cimotrtertgte pase contastanntconsutwn QD) your Nelson Sales rapresentative. In Stock studs are available from factory and warehouse inventories at the lowest cost to our customers. Ferrules: All orders for studs requiring ferrules include stendard flat ferrules. When non-standard ferrules are, uired (for example, H4L anchors weldad in fillet of anglas) please specify the correct ferrule on the order. Ferrules are a component of the stucs and are not sold seoerataly Nelson Sales and Service sales rice ond rohoses Neh erica wiaee Solus beatae! am rem, ro Ta es See PBB ywersce Sera ae Hee fentetegeres, Hepa scan mero. a eee peer Geceral offces ‘ems West Ricae Road P.O. Box 4019 ya, OH #9036.2018 Ph: 2163280100 Fax: 2169290525 Telex: 1607863 NELW US a= oi Fate © ves “TRI Nelson Stud Welding Division Sense oo ‘Geatmant Fastrsints & Controls GroupConstruction — Design Data [BNC GHLE LTDA. (7 |] Tel.: (B8-2) 7343021 + Fax (56-2) 7369726 Panamericana Norte 3525 (Conchali) Santiago Chile © Nelson’ ~ Weld-Thru Deck Sricome mayPage Introduction 2 Design Aids - Deck Perpendicular to Beam 2 Reduction Factor Tables 3.4 Stud Shear Capacity Table 5 AISC Specification Reprint. 48 58 AISC Commentary Reprint wt et ‘The AISC Specification that beceme effective on Novamber 1, 1978 provides a new design criteria for composite beams with formed metal deck. The appli: cable portions of this AISC Specification and Com mentary are raprinted for your canvenience, starting on page 5. ‘Tho entira specification shoulc be studied and ap. plied. New equations and variables are introduced in determining allowable stud sheer capacity. Deck ribs oriented paralle! to the steel beam are covered by paragraph 1.11.53, and allowable stud shear capacity for this concition is sasily determined. When ceck ris are perpendicular to the steel beam, the more complex requirements of paregraph 1.11.6.2 are used, The calculation af allowable stud shear capacity, determination of optimum stud length, and selection of a stud per rib pattern are more cam plicated for this condition. The tables on pages 3 thru 4 are intended to simpliiy calculation and ease stud selection. ‘The tables that follow Include the usual range of, variables encountered. The three most popular deck heights are listed with a wide renge of wh ratios. The stud lengths are standsrds from which the designer can make a selection. The tables for reduction factor R are based on the AISC Specification formula (1.11-8 Where: R reduction factor for stud in deck rib jominal deck rib height, inches ww —average width of deck rib, inches = stud length after welding, inches N° =number of studs on e beam in one rib @ Lg = stud length as ordered (before welding), inches, Q5 ~ allowable stud sheer capacity in solid siab, kips llowable stud shear capecity in deck rio, hips, Allowable stud shear capacity is found by multiplying times Qs selected from the table on page 5 OQ, ~RQs {answer in kins) Do not interpolate for wh ratios between thos listed. If greater accuracy Is desired, select stud length and approximate layout using closest table values. Than work the formula far R using exact wih. Hg values listed as 3.87 4.8% and 5.8" in the tables were eetually 3.812" 4.812! and 6812" in calculations @® @ @ Reduction Factors (R) Deck Perpendicular to Beam i Tea esas [SSR] ¥i 7ST | Sas] Sus w [vy |e | [Peet Pai eae) | ae ee a3 |e | go] tom | ae |e as [ge | ae} aor | amo a0 on | a3 | tom | stm | ast be | 3 | tam | too | so a | se | tom | too | Sas eo) ie | tii | tas | 13m ae | 3 | tom | te | so ge) ta | tam | ites | ton we | 14 3h 30 1000 B41 887 7 a (on) 00°) a0 m | as | iam | imo | Se ae | | as | san | som | an a | as | tom | tom | 10m i | as | tam | lace | rm te | 35 | 13n | to | tom oP) a | tae | ton | tom 13 Si 30 100 301 136 2 || ee Bh 35 1900. | 1000 98h on Re | ae oe | a2 | tam | tom | 200 a as | som | goo | so te | 43 | tao | tam | ie ae | tom | tee | am a | fe | tt | tee | ep ve}1a | ox | a0 | 19) 9 | 6 f | tow | 400 | 0 S| 3 | tan | sim | iam and ree sa Me 38 1.900 | 1.009 | 1000 at see fe | as | tam | tom | tom as | 33 | rae | ic | oan . Se | tom | 8 | en we | ar} ax | a0 | som | rao | aos ve | 35 | m0 | iom | iow | 4S | ‘ve | so | 1900 ae | ce | tom | tao | tees | 3 | igo | sco | tam Me 45 1.000 | 1.909 | 1.000 a5: is se ea seul lit seel awe | cae (2 tek it .=28 1 mo rec et 1690) a | 3s | tom | tam | 100 | 1) m | 3 | a) ae] ae te | Se | tom | tom | to % |u| S| o| oe | 3 | tom | tne | tom e\e| | 2\|2 : &% | ss | a| ae | ae wa | am | ao | tom] tom | se 3 3% 35 1.000 | 1.000 1000 Oe o S58 oe a fy | ae | tom | tam | tox sta | as) a] wo | is ae | 4 | tom | tam | tom | a) a) ee) eB bs / & | ae | go] a | ae ve} an fom | a0 | 1m | tao | on m [ag | go) a | ae ai | 35 | 1m | rom | 190 ee See he 38 1.000 | 1.000 1000 ee = ee | as | tom | tim | to eleale|] w| w| a w |G) a] m| me ay | am | a0 | tom | 00 | ro%0 3 c ve | 35 | tom | jm | too eine wh | 38 | ten | tim ) 18a mw las | | gt ah 45 1000 | 1,000 | 1.000 | te » i 114 deck with W'—=2.1 or more reduction factors — 0 a C4 (dec wh ,=20 ak moe dseonfctore—10) | | 7 | | oh | 3s | | a) oe a | a mm | a | mm | ae | te m | a Ve 2 4.000 751 613 | mi 63 Se | 4 | top| te | te a ul «| 21 oo | a | tom | oo | os @| si y |r jax | as | ao | os | as ta | 3 tm | 33 | tr | ae | ds me | oe | 3 | a | os | oe in | me | a | iim | i] os 12 an | 31 ot | so | tm | ae | be an | 3! z liz | am | a | es] sr | ae om | 31 om as | aa | ae] Se st | i | 8 | im) or} a oe | a ph | a3 | timo} 00 | 2B : or | 3 | im | tom | ae s | = x |sa | ay | as | | os | ow a | ai | 3s | a | im | Se | ) | im | | a vio | is bo | a3 | tam | com | der oe | 38 | tam | lao | aDeck Perpendicular to Beam ‘von Factors (R) a | ¥ Sua? | 2Sude! [3 Stas? a Sted! | 2 Suda 3 Sac i he | Ow | | | a i He | a | we 35) a2 | an | si ¥ | a) 88) a | 3s | im] 7m | oa 43 | 79 | ste 45 | 100 | rom | ss9 so | as | au | rom | too | se 55 | 9 | 7m 50 | 1000 | 100 | 1000 se | ro 739 z | 1s as | os | om | se x | 15 as | sn | as | xe | 38 | 1mm | sv | ser 45 | 7 | sas | as a5 | 100 | tom | sw so | a0) or | 48) tom | tom | ata 5s | im) mi | a2 so | 1.000] 1000 | 1000 5a | to | ots | tee 8 35 | 1m] mm | seo ele as | sm) | 20 3s | too | an | 22 as | m2 | sm | an 45 | tom | 100 | oe 30 | 97) bn | ae ae | 100 | toon | 1500 Ss | so an | et so | 10m | 100 | 100 sa | to) an | ce r lw 35 | 1000 | 265 | 526 ef as | mm| sn | an 38 | 1m | 55 | 725 | aa | cas | ov | om 45 | ino | rom | 1000 50 | 9 et | Se 4a | 1000 | to | 100 | ss | io) i | os so | 1000 | 1000 | 1000 se | 1m) se | 3a us as | to | an | oe x | 1 as | ge | an | ae 38 | too | sar | 200 aa | sa | os | 5 45 | roo | 19m | imo | 30 | sooo | ‘mas | “ane 4 | re | 100 | 1000 si | 55 | v0 | on | 7 5o | 100 | 100 | 1000 o% | 58 | 100 | tom | ‘ee z ja as | i000 | ass | ceo x | 19 | a | 45 | a7 | | se 35 | tom | 100 | 585 | oe | 48 | ‘oe | io | 5 35 | roo | om | 1000 me | so | sooo | ge | ee 43 | 1000 | 19m | 1000 | e% | ss | 100) sz | am so | 00 | 1000 | 1000 tm | ss | 10 | ign | em z | 2 as | rom | a0 | 236 es | ao | a | es | | on] ot 33 | too | 10m | 29 Sm | se | 10 | 75 | ee 45 | too | 19m | i000 s: | so | im) am | | 43 | 1g | 1900 | 1000 gi | 55 | 1000 | 100 | ie so | tom | 1900 | 1000 Oe | 58 | io | io | z | 2 35 | 100 | a7 | ais = | ar | am | as | me] sn | ss 33 | 100 | 1am | ox Se | 2 | io 7 | ae 45 | 009 | vo00. | 1000 ee | sa | to) on | cer aa | too | 1000 | 1000 se | 55 | 100 | 100 | ass sa | veo | too | roca &% | 58 | 100 100 | se z | a 35 | tom | 992 | si x |az | a | ss |g | on | 50 3a | to | ram | sa Se | ea | 100) | oe 45 | 1000 | 190 | ioc si | so | 100 | aa | a0 a5 | 100 | roo | ico zs | 35 | 100 | 100 | ‘ae sa | 1000 | 1900 | tom | sa | too | imo | 1000 z | as 35 | 10m | 1am | ae x | 23 | am | a5 | 97) on | see 35 | tooo | 100 | 100 ee | 42 | too) es | ier 45 | 1000 | sa00 | 100 s | so | 10m | sm | a2 45 | too | va | 15m es | 85 | tow | igo | ai sa | im | tao | toca % | 58 | to | 100 | 100 z | 2 35 | 1000+] 100 | oes a | ae | 45 | 10) mr | ae 38 | 100 | rao | 1000 Se | 43 | im | in| ne 45 | 100 | x90 | 1000 S% | so | to 2 | aes 38 | oo | 140 | 100 , | 55 | 100) 10 | ‘set sa | too | vao0 | 1000 53 | tom | i000 | i000 | vy jas | | ss | 10) a} sn % | 43 | to) me | aa s% | so | 190) oo | ‘ste %® | 55 | to | 19m | 1000 @% | s8 | tom | vm | 10@ ® | Concrete Concrete Compressive Strength Regular Approx. 145 1130 1330 4330 Note: The above table is based specication fatlog 1014ane 1 ‘combination of the AISC 2A to read eirocty in RPS The following reprinted with permission of the AISC. 1.11.1 Definition Composite construction shall consist of steel heams ar girders supporting a reinforced concrete siabl so inter Connected that the beam and slat act together to resist bending. When the slab excends on hoth side of the bam, the effective width of the eoncrete flange shall be taken as not mors than ¥ the span of the beam, anil is effective pio. jection bayard the edge of the beam shall not be akon as ‘more than % the clear eistance to the adazent eam, nor than 8 times the sl2b thickness. When the slats pres ent on only ons side af the boarn, the effective projection shall be taken as not more than of the beam span, nor 8 times its thickness, nor ¥. the elezr distanes te the adjacent Bears totally encasad 2 inches or more on their sides anc soffit in concrete cast integrally with tha slab may be as. sumod 19 be interconnected to the conerets by netural bone, without additonal anchorage. provided the top ol the beam is at least 11 inches below the top and 2 inches above the bottom of the slab, and fursher provided thar the encase- ment has adequate mesh or other ceinforcing steal thrauah ut the whole dopth and across the aofit ef the beam to prevent spalling of the concrete. Vnen shear eanneciors are rowided im accordance wits Sect. 1 11.4, encasement of the bboamn to achieve composite action is not required. 1.11.2 Design Assumptions: 1.11.21 Encased beams shall be proportioned to support, Unessisted, all dead loads applie prigr ta the hardening of the concrete (unless these loses af2 supnortad temporarily on shoring) and, acting in conjunction with the sleb, to sup- ort all dead and live lozds applied after hardening of v Generate, without exeeeding 2 computed bending stress of 0.80F,, whore F, js the yield stress of the sles! beam. The bending strese produced by loads after the corerete has herdened shall 5¢ computed on the basis of the section properties o! the composite section, Concrete tension stresses shall be neglected. Alternatively, the steal bear alone may be proportioned to resist, unassisted, the positive moment produced by all loads, live and dead, using 2 bend ing straas oqual to 0.764, in which case temporery shoring ss not required. 1.11.2.2 Won ehear connectors are used in sceerdance with Sect. 1.11.4, the composite secticn shall be propomiones te supgort ail of the loads without exceeding the allowable stiase proceribed in Soot. 1.5.{-4, even when the stee| clio is not shored! during construction. In calculations inuolving composite ‘equirements of subparegranhs 2, 3.and 8 of Sect 15.144 Reinforcement parallel to the beam within the afiective ‘width of the slab, when anchored! in avcordarice with the provisions of the applicable building code, may be included In computing the properties of composite sections, provided shear connectors ate furnished in aecardance with the T= ‘uiremants of Sact. 1.11.4. The section properties of the composite section shall be computed in accotcance with the elastic theory. Concrete tension stresses shall be neglected. For stress computations, the compression area ot ight weight or normal weight concrete shall be (rested a3 39 equivalent atea of stee! by civicing it by the modular ratio, fh. for normal weight concrete of tha strongth specified whan determining the section groperties. For deflection cal- culations, the Irensiormed section properties shell hs based on the appropriete madulsr ratio, n, lor the strength ang weight concieie specifieg, where EE,Incaees where it isnot foasible cr necessary ta provide uate connectors to satisfy the harizontal shear re ‘itements for ill compasite action. the effective section modulus shall be datermined as (nay Yeand V-,are as defined in Sect. 111.4 S\- section modulus of the steal beam referred to its bat tom flange, inches! ~ section madulus af the tanstormed composite section do its bottom flange, based upon maximum per- nstruction without temporary sharing, stress in the steel section may tie computed irom the total dead plus live losd moment ond the transformed section mols S., provided that tne numerical value of 3, so used shal not exceed (ravay In this expression forthe limiting value of S,. M. isthe moment caused by loads applied subsequent to the time when the concrete has reached 75 percent of Its requ tec Strength, id, is tha moment caused by ionés applied prior to this time, and Sis the section modulus of the size! beam referred 0 the flange where tne stress is being computed. Ateoctions subject te positive bending mo- ‘ment, the Stress shall be computed for the steel tension flange. At sections subject to negative bending moment, the stress shall be computed for the stee) tension and ‘compression flanges, These stresses shall not excesd t Sopropriate valuw in Sect 15.1, Section 18.8 shall not apply 10 stresses in the negative mament arew computed Under the provisions of this peregreph. ‘The actus! suction madilus of the transformed composite section shall be used in calculating the concrete flexural compression siress ano, for construction without tem- porary shores, this stress shall be based upon loading Sppled after the concrete has reached 75 percent of ts required strength, The stress in the concrete shall not excesd 0.85/, 1.11.3 End Shear The wab and the end connections of the steel beam shal be conigred to carry the fetal reaction 1.11.4 Shear connectors Excopt in the eae of encased beams, as defined In Sect, 1.11.1, the entire horizontal shear at the junction of the ates! beam and the concrete slab shall be assumed to be trens- forred by sheat connectors woldad to the top flange of the beer and embedved in the concrete, For full composite ac ‘ton with conerete subject to flexural compression. the total horizontal shear to be resisted between the point of maxi imum positive moment ane points of zero moment shall n= {ohon 98 the amallar value using Formulae (1.11.3) and (ae) 1av3) end want where F.- specified compression strength of concrete, kips per square inch A:= actual area of effective conc TA1T square inches Ay area of steel beam, sous lange defined in Sect In.continuous composite beams where longitudinal re inforeing steel is considered ta act compositely with the Stee! beam in the negative moment regions, the total hor zontal shear te be resisted by shear connectors between ‘nterior support and each adjacent point of contrafexurs: snail be taken 3s favs whore c= total area of long tuainal reintorcing steel at the int jar euppert located witnin she effective flange width spect fied in Sec 1.11.1, square inches — spotified minimum viele etrese of the longitudinal r= Inlorced steel, kips per square inch For full composite action. the ing the horizontal shear. V,. each sida of the peirt ct max mum moment, shal noi be less than that determined by the relationship V,"a, where g. tne allowable shear load for one connector, is given in Table 1.11.4 for flat soffit concete siabs made with ASTM C33 aggregates. For flat soffii concrete. slabs rade with rotary lain praduead aggregates, con jgrming ta ASTM C390 with concrete unit weigh? not less than 86 pounds pet cubic foot, the allowable shear load for ‘ne connector iz obtained by multiplying the values from Table 1.11.4 by the coefficient from Table 1.17.48. umber of eons Fer partial composite action with conerete subject to flexural sompressian, {he horizontal shear, V'y, 1a be used in com puting Sr shall be taken as the product of g times the nur ber of connectors furnsshed between the point ot maximum Land the acares: point of zare moment. o‘The value of Y", shall not be less than 1/4 the smaller value of Formula 11.11.31, using the maximum permitted effective width of the concrete flange, or Formula (1.11-4}, The effec tive moment of inertia far deflection computations shal determined by’ ite) where /,= moment of inertia of the steel beem, inches* f= moment of inertie ef the transformed composite section, inches The term 17.4! F, should he adced to the right-hand see a Formula (1.17 2) Flongituciral raintoreing atl wath urea located within te effertive width of he concrete flanges ineuded inthe properties of the composite son Gennestor® ir xZ Facked or head sud [dian x24" hooked of headed sud | 80) bc diam x2 hacked ortiaded sud | 115 | 25 lye sem x4 hoaeed orheaded end | 158 | 6d Chaneel oo xa toe | swe (Chant ed x84 sow | Sin (Came 8 x67 ane | saw | Aoplesble ony o cenerete ade wih ASTI 3 ayueates, The alowatle hoteantal ads tabulsted may also be ised 0) suts Coefficients for use with consrete made with C330 aagregates ADA Uae Weght of Concrete pot | @ [35 [ioe fis [no | ne [a | Org | ove | a78 [oat | ona | oan | oz x2 | ze | om | ost | 099 | oos | m0 | Spent Conpronave suengih of Concrete (1) The connectors required each side cf the paint of maximum moment in an area of posit ve bending may be uniformly distributes between that peint and 2djacent aoints of zero Moment, except that Mp, the sume’ of shear conneciors required between any Concentrated joad in that area and the osras! point ol zara moment, shail ba not ese than that deternined by Formule (1.17-7) - aan moment (less th cantrated lead point 1, — number of connectors required between paint of ma imam moment snd point of zera moment, determined by the lationship Vi-g of V's 38 applicable the maximum moment) ata con: For a continuous beam, connectors required in the region of negative bending may be unifermly distributed ootween the point of maximum moment and each point of zer0 moment, Shear connectors shall have at least 1 inch of lateral crete cover except ‘or canaecrors installed it the rtss al formed stee/ uecks. Unless located directly over the wee. tha diamoter of studs shall nat be grearer than 2 tive thickness of the flange to wnich they are wetded. The minimum center-to-center spacing of stud cannestors shall he 6 diameters along the longitudinal axis of the sup porting composite beam and 4 wameters transverse to the longitudinal axis of the supporting composite beam. Teo maximum center-io-center spacing of stut) connectors all not exceed 8 Limes the total Slab thickness, 1.11.5 Composite Beams or Girders with Farmed Steel Deck Composite construction of concrete slabs on formed sceel deck connected (0 steel teams or girrers shall be designed! by the applicable portions of Sects. 1.11.1 through 1.17.4, with the following mocitications, 1.71.8.1 General Section 1.11.5is applicable to decks with orinal rib height not greater then 3 inches The average width of conerats rit or hauneh, w, shall be: ot less then 2 inches, out shall not be teken 19 cal culations as mare than the minimum clear width naer top of the steel deck Sez Ses: 1.11.53, subpersoraphe ‘and 3, for additional provisions. The concrete slats shall be connactod to the steel been lor gitver with welded siue shear connectors % nen oF less in diameter (AWS D1.1-77. Section d, Parl F) Stas may 6 welded through the deck or directly to the steel member il extend nat loss than 142 above the top of the ste! deck after instalation, Total sial thickness. including tits, shall be used in determining the effective width of concrete flenge. The slab thickness above the stes! deck shall he not less than 2 inches,.31.8:2 Deok Ribs Orlented Perpendicular to Steel Beam or Girder 1. Cancrate below the top of the steal deck shall be negiestee when devermining section properties and in Gah culating A, for Formule (7.11-3) 2. The spacing of stud shear connestars along the length of 2 supnoring beam ar gitdar sha’ ‘32 inches. 3. The allowable horizontal sh stud connector @ hall be the value stipulated in Sect 1.11.4 Tables 1.11.4 and 7.11.48) multiplied by the following raduetion factor: bare where 1h = nominal nib helaht, inches length of stud connector after welding, inehos, not to ed the value fh, +3) i computations, although the ac tual fengih may be qveate: NV, number of stud eonnaetors on a beam in ono rib, not to eiceed 3 in computations, elifiough tore than 3 studs may be instalied ve average width of conerote rib. nchas {see Soct 111).5.1, suuparagraph 2) 4. To resis! uplift, he steel deck shail be anchored to al Compasiely designed sleel beams or girders at a spacing not te excead 18 inches. Such anchorage may be provided by stud connectors, @ combination ef stud connectors and Bic spot [puudle) Welds, oF allie! Gevices specified by the designer. 1.11.53 Deck Ribs Oriented Parallel to Stael Beam or Girder 1. Concrete below the top of the steel deck may be mcluded whom Setarm ming seetion properses and shall be inclu in esloulating A. for Formule (1.149) 2. Stee! deck ris aver supporting bean)s or girders may b: Split orgitudinaly and saparated 0 forrm 2 concrete haunchs 3, When the nominal depth of steel deck is 1/4 inches or Greater the average wieth, w., of the supported haunch or Fi shall be not legs than 2 inchos for ths first stud! in the transverse row pus 4 stud diameters fer each additional sud. 4, The bllowable horizontal shear load per stud connoctor, @ ‘Shall be the value stipulated n Sect. 1.114 (Tables, 1.17.4 and 1.11.48), except thal when the ratio wh, is less than {TS the allowable load shall be multipliad by the following reduction factor: qt) whoro A, and H, are ae defined in Sect. 1.11.5.2 and wy is Bverage widkh af concrete rib or haunch (se Sect, 1.17.5.) subparagranh 2. and Sects. 1.11.5.3, suboaragraph 3) 1.11.6 Special Cases ‘When composite construction does net conform to the requirements af Sects. 1.17 1.11.5, allowable (oad per shear connector must od by a sutable test program, 1.11.1 Definition Wher the dimensions of s concrete slab supported en stool) beams are such that ine sab con elfectively seive as the flange of a composite Foeam, and the conerete ard steel are adequataly ed together co.aato act asaunit.theboam — @ an be propamioned an tre assumption of composite action. Two cages are recognizes: fully encased steel beams. which Sepend upon natural Lond for intorcetian with the concrete, and tose with mechanical anchorage to the siabe (shear Sonnacrors), whieh do not have to be encased 192 tommentary on the AISC specication (117.78) For compasite beams with formed stea! deck, studies heve demonsirated that the Lota! sia thickness, including "ips, car be used in determining effective slab wieth 1.11.2 Design Assumptions Uniess temporary shores are used, beams encased in com Grete anid intoreannected aniy by means of natural ond must be propartioned te support all of the dead lead, unas: sisted by the concrete, plus tne superimposed live lozc in Composite selion, w thout exceeding the allowadle bend nip Stress for stzel provided in Sect. 1.51 Because the complelely encased stee! section is restrained from Bath local and laters! Suckling. an allowable stress of O.68,, rather Ihe O.60F,, can be applied when the analysis is based on the properties of the transforad section. The Biternste provision ta bs used in dosigns whare 2 fully on. eased peu Is proportioned, on the basis af the steel beam aon, 10 resist all loads at 8 stress not areater than 0.76, feflects a commen engineering practice whore it is desired to eliminate the caleulasion oF composite section properties. ® Iris acceptable practice that when shear connectors 2r= Used to abtain composite action, thit action may be ss Sumed, within certain limits, in proporvaning the beam fo the moments ereated by th= sum of live and desc loses. even fo! unshored construction. This liberalization 's based {upon an ultimate strenath concept, although the provisions far progortioning ef the member ars based upon the clastic section modulus of the transformed cross section,© Oo tn order thar the maximum bending strass in the steel beam, under service loading, will be well below the lavel of initia jardioss of the ratio of live-laad moment to dead load moment. the section modulus of the composite cross ion, referred to the bettom cf tho beam, for unshorad consteuction, is limited in esleulations ta 1.35 + 0.350, Ms) limes the section modulus of the bare beam! On the other hand, the requirement thar Hlexual stress in the concrete slab, due lo composite action, be computed er the basis of the transformed section maculus, reterred to top cf concroto, and limited to the ganerally accopted work ing siress limit, is necessary in crdsr to avoid excessively conservative slab-tonbesm araportions Resoarch at Lohigh University** has shown that, for a given bear end concrete slab, the increase in bending strength intermediate between no composite action end full com posite aetion ig dependent upon the sheor resistance d= veloped between the steel and concrete, i.2., the number ct Shear connectors pravided betwaen these limits, Usually. is not necessary, and oovesionally it may not be feasible, to provide ‘ull composite action. Therefore. the Specification Fecagrizas nvo conditions: full and partial composite action, he case where the total shear: (V’)) developed between and concrete each $ de of the point af maxmum mo. ment is less than V',, Formula (7.11-1) ean ba used to dorive 2p affective section modulus, Spy, having a value less than the section modulus for fully etfective composite action. S., but mers than that ef the steel bear alone, in the 1969 Specification, the abviously conservative straight tine tune: tion of Formiila 1.11-1) was adopted pending the resus of rossareh. The completed research indicated that @ parabolic function using | V'y/ Vy!" provided a coad iit to the rest results Structural Steal for Buildings © 193 1.11.4 Shear Connectors Composite beams in which tne longitudinal spacing of shear Connectors has been varied according to tho intensity of statical sheer, and duplicete beams wnere the required umber of connectors were uniformly spaced, have exnib- fhed the same ultmmate strongth and the same amount of a flection st normal working loads. Only a slight deformation in the conorate and the mare heavily stressed shear con: nectors ig needed to redistribute the horizontal shear to other less heavily stressed connectors. The important con sideration ig that the total number of connectors ba sut ficient t0 cevelop the shear, Vs, either side of the paint 0! maximum moment, The provisions of the Specification are based upon this consept of composite action in computing the section modulus at points of maximum negative bending, rcinforcorant parallel to the steel beam and lying within the effective width of sla may be incluced, vovidled such reinforcement is properly anchersd beyond the ragion of negative mement. However, enough shes Connectors are requ red to iranker, from the siao to me sieel beam, of the reinforcement. Studia have defined stue sheer connection strength, @,, 19 ms af normal weight and lightweight aqgregata con cretes, as a function of bath conerate modulus ef elasticity and ecnorate sirenath: wnere A, cross-sectional area of stud, square inches F_> concrete campressive strength, tips pier square inch £.= concrete mociulus of elasticity, kips ner square incn Tests!” have shown that fully compasite beams designed sing tha values in Tables 1.17.4 andor 1.11,2A, ax appre priate, and concrete mesting the requirements of Par 3, Chap, 4, “Concrete Qua ity.” oF ACI Standard 318-71, mace ‘with ASTM C39 of C220 ageregates, cavelop their full Flex ural capacity. For nosrnal weight concrete, compressive Strengths greater than 4.0 kies par equare inch ge not in crease the shear capacity of the connectors, as is reflected in Table 1.11.4. For lightweight concrete, compressive srargths groator than &.0 kigs par square inch Go nat in cease the shear capacity of tne connectors, The recuction coefficients in Table 1.17.24 sre applicable to both stud and chennel shea" connectors and arovide eomparanis margins oF safety When partial compos ion is counted upon to provi Flexural cepacity, the restriction on the minimum value oF V 91S 10 prevent excessive slip, as well as substantia! loss in boam stiffness, Studies indicate that Formulas (1.11.1) anc (1.11.6) adequately reflect vie reduction in strength ane beam stifiness, respectively, when fewer connectors thar required for full composits action ate usod Where adequate flexural copacity is provided by the beam alone, that is, composite action to any denree is nat required for flexural strength, but whera it dositod 10 pro- Vide interconnecilon bemezn the steel frame and the con- crete slab far ather reasons. such 3s to increase frame ses or 1a toko adventage of diaphragm action, 1 mum tequirement thai ¥", be not less than V'yé does not aoply 134 © Cammentary on tre AISC Specification (11/1/76) The ‘equired shear connectors can generally be Spaced uni: formly between the points of maximum and zera moment’ Howover, certain loading sotterne con praduce & condition where closer connector spacing is required over e part or this distance,For example, consider the case of 3 uniformly loaded simple 6 required to Suppart ie equel concentrated ymmelrically disnased abut midspan, ef sucn magnitude thot the moment at the conconteated loads iz nly slightly less than the maximum moment at midspan, ‘The number of shear connectors (W/) required bstween each hd of the beam and the agjacent consentratad load would be only sligntly less than the number (A required between sy eng and midspan Formula (7.11.7) is provided to determina the numbar of Fs, N, fequirec between one of the concentrates ‘oads and the nearest paint of zero moment Iis hase spon the faliewing requiremens where S= section modulus required at the concentrated load at Which losation moment equals M, inches? ‘Sur section modulus required at M,... (equal to Sy for {lly composite easel, inenes™ S.= section madulus of stee! besm, incha: y= number of studs required from Mec 10 ZF Moment bor of stude required from M te 2ar0 moment ‘MM moment at the concentrated load paint above equation is equivalent to Formule (1.1171. ‘with the tssuance of Supplemental No. 3t0 the 1968 AISC Specification, the quirement for T-ineh cowar aver the tops Of studs vias eliminated. Only the concrete surrounding th stud below the head contributes to the strenath of the stue in resistance to shoar, When stud shoar connostors are in Stalled on beams with formed steel deck, concrete cover at the sides of studs aclacent to sices of steo! ribs is not criti), Teste have shown thot stuss installed aa close as is permitted to accomplish welding of studs daes not recuce the compasite beam capacity. ‘Stud welds not ldcated directly ovar the wob of a boam tand 10 tear our ofa thin flange before staining their full shear- resisting capzeity. Ta quard against this contingency, the 570 of stud nat lacaied over the beer web is limited to 2)-tmes ihe flange thickness 1.11.5 Composite Beams and Gircers with Formed Stee! Deck “The 6 dlameter minimum center-to-zenter spacing of siuds in the longitudinal direction is based upon observation of concrete shear failure surfaces in sectioned ilet aoflit con rete slab composite beams which hed Deen tested t full Litmate strength, The reduction in connectian capacity of mote closely spaced shoer studs within the ribs of formed Sieel decks 1s accounted for bythe parameter O.86/N, in Formula (1.11-8) Structural Stee! for Buddings © 125 When studs are used on beems with formed steel deck, 1 may be welded directly though the deck ar through pre- punched or eutein-place holes in the deck, The usual pre cedures to install studs by welding directly throagh the Geet; howover, wen the dack thickness is groater than 16 .g2 for single thickness, of 18 gawe for each sheet of oubie thickness, or when the total thickness of galvanized boating is greater than 1.25 ounces por squara foo:, special precautions and procedures recommended by the stuc manufacturer should be fallowed Figure 01.11.88 # graphic presentation of the to-minslogy. used in Sect. 1.11.5, ‘The design rules which have been added for composite construction with formed sice! deck are based upon 2 st at Lenigh University of all available test results. The limiting Paramatore listed in Soct. 1115.1 wore established te keap Eomposite cunstiuction with formed steel deck within th available research data ®© @ Seventeen full site composite beams with concrete slab on formed steel deck were tested at Lehigh University and the results supplemented by ihe resulis of 88 tests performed slsowrore, The range of stud and stael deck dimonsions ‘encompassed by the 75 tests wore limited to Stud dimensions: ¥ein. diam. x 3.0010 7.00 in, Rip wvcth 184 into 7.2610 Rip neigh 0.88 in. t0 3.00 in stig: wh 130t0 333 Ratio Hane 1.5010 3.81 Number of studs in any one ribs 1,2,0°3 Based upon all ests, the strength of stud conriectors in fat soft composite slat) beams, determined in previous test programs, when multipied by values computed from For ‘uula (1-11-8), reasonably approximates the strength of stud connectors installed in the ribs of concrete slabs on farmed steel dock with the ribs priented perpendicular to the stosl beam. Hence, Formuls (1.118) provides a teasonable reduction factor 1a be applied to the allowable design stresses in Tables 1.11.4 end 1.11.44. For the case where ribs 1un parallel wo die beam, fmied testing has shown that shear connection is not sianificantly affected by tho rigs. However, for ncrrow ribs, whore the ratio wi? Is less than 1.5, 2 shear stud recuction factor, Formula (1.11), has been suggested in view of lack of test dave. Tre Lehigh study also indicated that Formula (1.17-1) for effective section modulus and Formula (1,11-6) Jor effective moment of inettia wete valid for composite construction with fermed sto) deck. When metal deck incluces units for carrying electrical wi ing, crossover headers are commonly installed over the lular deck, perpendicular to the rita, in effet creating Uenches which completely oF partially replace secioas of the concrete slab above the deck. These trenches. running parallel to or tranoverse to a composite Beam, may reduce the effectiveness of tne concrete flange, Withoul special revisions to replace the ecncrate displaced by the trench, tive tench should be considered as a complete structural discontinuity in the concrete flange. When trenches are parallel ro the composite beam, the Sieclive lange widts should be determined from ane kngwn position of the crench Tienches oriented transverse to composite beams should. if possible, be loceted in erees of low bending moment and the full required number of siuds should be placed between, the tronch and the pain’ of maximum positive memant. Where the trench cannot be located in an erea of low mo- ment, the beam should be designed as non-composite.Nelson Sales and Service Sales ces ead Warehowns Pa Bee a Su Be. Fe Toes Me, Nona Ancien iors Spee Coma Sore sega en Coneral Office 7900 West Ridge Aad PO Sox ame Eiyie, OF ss0282019 Ph 2163790401 Faw 716.5780575 Telex: 7407868 NELW UC J 440. 349400 EE Sime cs Fee faenfng Aces: @ ieipercoes a ie) ‘TAW Nelson Stud Welding Division (Ccoupant Resrants Contrls GroupConstruction — Design Data © Z (ane cHLELTOA TO J) Tel.: (56-2) 7349021 « Fax (65-2) 7860726 Panamericana Nerte 3625 (Conchali) Santiago Chile _ Nelson* . embedment properties of headed studs 0.51 09 | URS 09 | Pes eee doh a a 241 1.76) 1.1 4.58 3.86 foe Ke no) Lk 5.43 457 \3. Be) cao ac $5.43 \4.57 3. Nf Cer one Ne 958 8: OS ier oa Ne) PSIRReAa ices [ERK Ia eye) ue 10.95 Piece) wines [eece ences Ry [enekda cece Pes PERK RSXS 14.83 13.53 N8.90-17.56 16.21EMBEDMENT PROPERTIES OF HEADED STUDS INDEX Section Title Page 10 Introduction 4 20 Connection Theory 4 3.0 Mechanical Properties of Headed Anchors 40 Embedment Properties of Headed Ancnor 44 Headed Anchor Ultimate Embedded Strenath 6 42 Shoar Cone Theory 8 ag Partial Errbedment — Full Shear Cone 8 aa Full Embedment Condition 9 45 Headed Anchor Tension Capacities 10 46 Spacing for Full Tension Capacity of Partially Embedded and Fully Embedded Anchors 12 az Reduced Anchor Tension Capacity — Partial Shear Cone 13 48 Calculating Reducad Tension Capacity 8 4.8.1. Partial Embedment— Reduced Shear Cone 8 4.8.2. Full Embedment— Reduced Sheer Cone 6 48.3. Use of Tat 20 49 Anchors in Groups — A Note of Caution 20 80 Embecment Sroparties of Headed Anchors in Shear 2 et Ultimate Embedded Shear Capacity a 52 ‘Spacing for Development of Full Shear Capacity 22 53 Reduced Shear Capacity of Headed Anchors 23 5.3.1 Case A—Boungary Conditions and Spacing Between Anchars not Subject toa Free Edge Shear Force 2 5.3.2 Case B — Free Edge In the Direction of Shear Force 28 $3.3. Distance trom Free Edge for Full Development of Shear Capacity 28 £34 Spacing Between Anchors ata Free Edge Subject to Shear Force 32 5.4.5 Reduction in Shear Capacity Due to Free Edge Spacing a4 60 Embedment Propertios of Anchors — Combined Shear-Tensicn Loading 35 Full Embedment — Combined Loading Design Date 38 Partial Emoeament— Combined Loading Design Data 28 Use of Design Curves tor Combined Loading 38 Example Problems 40 Indox to Design Tables and Curves 40 Problem 7 — Tension Load 4 Problem 2— Group Calculation for Tension 4 Problem 3 — Shear Load 42 Problem 4 — Combined Loading 43 Problem 5 — Combined Loading 43 Standard Specifications 44 eo Standard S:ock Anchor Dimensions, Accessories and Recommended Equipment 6 References 47NOTATIONS area of full conicel surface (in?) = ma (Rf) = area of remaining or partial shear cone (in = area of reduction (in = cross-sectional area ot the anchor shank (in?) = constant far concrate type = distance from froe edge to center of anchor (in.) ~ distance from shear edge to center of stud (in.) = diameter of stud ead (in) diameter of shank of anchor (in) = modulus of elasticity of concrete (ksi) = 28 day coneraie compressive strengih (psi) = tensile strength of anchor steel (ksi) vi Jd strength of anchor sted! |ksi) ight of the remaining or partial shear cone (in.) = constant equal to 4.0 = length of anchor under the head (in,) = number of reductions = applied tension load = lensile capacity of the anchor (Kips) = ultimate conerete tension capacity (los:) = ultimate embadded tension capacity of a headed anchor <0.9 Act, = yield strength of the anchor steel (ksi) ~ radius of head of stud in.) major radius ol shear cone (10) = radius of remainder of partial cone (in) reduced tension capacity (kips) = reduced shear capacity (kips) = langth of side of cone— Le sec (90— 9} (in) = applied shear loac = shear capacity of he anchor (4ip8) = ultimate concrete shear capacity (kips) = ultimate embadded shear capacity of headed anchor <09 Ast = unit weight of concrete in Ibs./cu. ft = R—De = capacily reduction factorINTRODUCTION 1.0 Beginning in 1959, Neleon Stud Welding eon- ducted extensive tests an the use of headed sluds embedded in concrete. The lest results and design data published in the brochure NELSON® Conorste Anchors.” Increasing use of headed concrete anchors has been made in anchoring steal shapes and plates in concrete with studs welded to the embedded steal items as the anchorage devices. ere originally ‘Design Date It became apparent that additional data were neeced to adequately predict stud pertormance in many conditions of use. The “shear cone” or conical section failure of embedded enchors was advanced by such advocates es Mr. Peter Courtois' and others, Explanations of the conical failure concept cul- minzted in the publication of the Prestressed Concrete Institute Design Handbook. Section 61.13? where anchor strengins were based on theoretically derived, empirically confirmed equations. Priar to the PC! publication, Nelson Stud Welding had initiated @ comprehensive test program at Lenigh University'®, to determine neaded anchor behavior and provide sufficient data to reliably forecast the accuracy of the empirically derived equations. The material published in this manual is test confirmed and provides up-to-date information for anginaers invalvad in designing concrete-st2e! structures. 2.0 CONNECTION THEORY It should be noted at the outset of this report that connection design usec in concrete con~ struction is governed by American Conerete Institute code"), criteria. As such, most em- bedment plate items, weldments, etc, are used with additional reinforcement materials in the form of bar or mesh to cevelap specified design strengths, Testing for headed enchors used es the dasis for this publication was done in plain unreinforead concrete sinco ths objective was to establish performance criteria for the anchors only. All anchors were tested to failure either in tne anchor itself ductile failure) or failure in the concrete section (brittle failure) These two modes of failure are part of the basic performance criteria in concrete design. Brittle of abrupt failure when indicated in 2 connection is generally sirictly limited or prohibited in design of concrete structures. Where use of brittle De- havior concepts is provided for in a design, it will generally be limited to areas where the struc tural design is close to ductile (balanced design) Brittle failure Is characierizec by lille or no movement in a connection oF structure prior 10 catastrophic failure, Since there is virtually no warning of failure, codes require a design satety facior considerably in excess of that required whera ductile behavior can Ee cemanstrated. Ductile failure or semi-ductile failure allows for movement, providing warning of impencing lapse without sacrificing load carrying capacity. One of the intents of this report is to indicate the areas of ductile, semi-ductile and brittle per- formance of embedded anchors so that connection designs may De mace that limit or, preferably, dliminata any behavior in the anchors that ap proaches the brittle mode. This design aporoach results. in economies that are achieved through reduced overload Tectors while structural saiety is assured by the behavior criteria which insure increased structural capacity as movement is, taking place. Ductile or semi-cuctile behavior in embedded headed anchors can te obtained by using data contained in the report to be sure that the full anchor yield strength is reached in the following areas, 1, Anchor to embedment plate connection A. Weld quality B. Plate thickness 2, Embedded anchor strengths A. Tension capacities B. Shear capacities C. Effect of stud spacing D. Combined sheer-tension capacities Each part of a full connection dasign must be analyzed with respect to lis overall performance The failura mechanism shauld be determined, since failure of one part of the connection before anather pari has developed its design torce may mean the overall connection is unsatistactory Progressive failures of this type are sometimes roferrad to as 3 “zipper” type collapse nattern Naturally, brittle connections with mo warning prior to calastrophic failure are far more sub- ceptible to “zipper” type structural failure than ductile or semi-ductile connections. Tho data presantad in this report are arranged so thal the Dehavior of = stud can be teadly cetermined. Connections employing stud sizes ‘hat fail before the optimum leading lavels chou c not be. used unless. acequats subreinforcement {b omployed 10. oxtond their capacity ino the Guctile range, Ductie or at least semiductie Embedded anchor Eonavior should be reached Wherever possible regardless of the stress dis- tribution or crack patterns that may be present in the concrete. The reduction in capecity of anchors used in arees of flexural cracking should fo taken ae approximately 10% In mast cases of full-cuctile anchor performange shown in this repor: such a reduction need no" be taker Table 1, gives the general performance levels of neaded anchors as embedded in concrete. Shaded zreas should be avoided if at all possinie Ths table Is merely a section guide to the anchors which fall in the brittie, semi-ductile or ductile behavior modes with anc without reinforcement Alter selection of an anchor size, analysis of is epcifie use with regard to spacing, concre! Gensity, loadings, 2tc. should be undertaken in ®© e ® ® accordance with data outlined in the body of this publication Following Table 1. are definitions and or exple- nations of the table itselt Table 1.— Selection Guide Suggested Nelson Headed Anchor Sizes.) Connection Type Primary Connection’2 TwoWay One Way Reintorcing Reinforcing Partially “Single Acting” Redundant" ey eee thud and 3s Failure Mode | SG, eat Brit YX The 4X Bis rile the ays and he X38 TAKS he thru 5%5 and 47% yx 5% Yen 4% ‘sana Bx KG) Uxihe end SMe Ductile ge Ste TaxO%e end OMe and 74, sx and 645 Yex8ie thru Bi : Ducitie eh and 834, xO% Secondary Connection ‘One Way No Add. Two Way forcing Reinforcing Reinforcing R “All Types Fully Redundant” Wxok UKE BRAM andy, x2 GRE HexD UXShs — UXBie — YUXBe andathe thru dg Wx he aXe XB and 4%: thrusts YexSie px 1b x9% Bxa"he Axdhs — UxSihe ru 5% 6x OMe ax die rn 6h5 xis % xy, and 6% and 6% x4 pxdlg Lx Aly thu8% = thus thrusts Syx6iy x69 and Bi. and 85 6, Ux BYg Cruse NU Bhs aXThs aXe x The aNd 74x Be and 7% x B%e- and 7% x 8%; Notes: 1. Nelson 1 x 21V4¢ and \4 x 41 Headed Anchors while fully ductile unger all the ebove conditions structural connactians © nat frequently used ip 2. No primary connection should be made without at least one way reinforcing, Explanation of Tebl 1.Shadec atees are to be avoided whenever possible, Use of headed ancher sizes listed in the shaced areas under tne conditions shown should be subject to vigorous analysis of fac- tors affecting ioad capacity including spacing, concraia density and tyoe, stress conditions, temperature, volume change and workmanship. 2. Primary Connections A.Single Acting — This connection is one whete the failure of the gonmection would result in the collapse of a mamber being supported without the berefits of added structural redundant support 5. Partially Redundant — Failure of the con- nection would result in a redistribution of ‘ads and stresses accompanied by signifi- cant movement anc distortion of the struc tural member but without catastrophic oliapse. & Secondary Connections — Failure of a sec- ondary connection would result in a full re distribution of loads and stresses to agjacent parts of the structure without significant dis- tortions to the member of the structure. 4 Brittle Behavior — No noticaable or significant movement in ihe connection is evident defor catastrophic collapse 5.Semi-Ductile Behavior — Movement of proximately 14" “in the Under combines shear-iension loading ni effect in the weldments structural capacity. Ductile Behavior — Movement of approxi- mately %" in the weld plate position uncer combined shear-tension Icading has no effect fon the weldments structural capacity.3.0 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HEADED ANCHORS 2.1. Steel Grades Used in Manufacture Low Carbon Steel ser ASTM Specification A-108 Physical Properties: Tensile (Minimum 60.000 PSI (69 ksi) Yield (Minimum) 190,000 PSI (60 KSI) (0.2% Otfset) 1 (Minimur) 20% in 2 Elongati 3.2. Steel Tensile Strength The ultimate steel strength or tensile strength ‘ofa headed anchor may be computed as Pm Ag ty (Equation 1.) Where P\=Tensile capacity of the anchor in Kips. Ag= Gross sectional area of the enchor shank te 3.3. Steel Yield Strength The yield strength (point begins to elongate) 0° be computed 2s: rchor steel Tensile strength of # nich the stee! jaded anchor may Py=Asly (Equation 2) where Py = Yield sirenat” of anchor in Kips Ag=Cross sectional area of the anchor shank y= Yield strength of the anchor material 4.0 44 EMBEDMENT PROPERTIES OF HEADED ANCHORS Headed Anchor Liltimate &mbedment Strength Results of tests by Nelson's! on 4" oi ameler through 7." Giameter headed anchors with full embedment are summarized in Table 3. The load disp.acement curves on several anchars are shown in Figure 1, The shapes of the load displacement curves indicate that a fensipn load causing 0.01" displacement on 2 neaded anchor represants a reasonable es! mate of the yield strength of the embea! anchor, It can be seen that the 0,10" displ: mant loads are consistently lower than the ultimate embecment loads (Pua) at which he embedded anchors failed, but do not fall lower than 02? ye. Figure 1. curves shaw that the load valves at 0.10" displacement represent a point whe the load curves approach a lat altitude. Very little increase in loading is required to reach the ultimate embedment strength Puc eoring and design purposes, a con- je valve for the ullimale embedded strength of 2 headed anchor with sufficient embedment length to develop full strength may be calculated 2s: Pua = 0.9 Agle (Equation 3.) Where: Pug Ultimate strength of an embeddec headed a: = Cross sectional area of the anchor shank fg Tensile strength of the anchor steet Table 2. Mechanical Properties Of Headed Anchors Anchor Shank Di Ag-Nominal Tensile Strength Yield Strength ¢es Table 3. Tensile Capacities Of Headed Anchors — Nelson Test Series‘4 \5) AAW, Loadato.1” Ul. Embeaaec De lL. Dh Le Le Failure” Concrete Displacement Strength Pue No. (in) (in) (In) __(In.)_No. Diameters Mode Strength Kips Kips A te 2 ete 825 5 3000 psi 36 37 BO he 825 W 3000 ps = 30 A % a5u4 958 s 3000 ps as 85 5B 4% g594 8.58 8 3000 ps as 87 Aw 838 8 3000 ps x18 125 5B 928 § B000ps 13.8 159 A % 950 s 3000 ps 227 237 8 950 8 3000 psi 240 25.0 AD 950 s go00ps 213 220 a 950 s 3000 psi 240 25.0 At 950 w= 3u00ps = 33.0 a % 8.50 w B000ps G38 345 AY 950 A guoops = 31.2 332 a % 960 s 30005 36.1 381 A th TA a4 w 3000 ps 48.1 505 B TM a1 A 3000 ps = 425 NOTES: (1) AW.L.— After weld length: (2) S— Shank of stud broke; W — Weld at head broke: A— Attachment to testing machine broke “Tested in Series 5. all others tested in series 6.9 35 3/4” DIA. NO. B 30 25 z = 5/8” DIA. NO. A 2 2 2 6 S 2 a 1/2" DIA. NO. B 2 z 10 1/4" DIA. NO. A 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 LOAD DISPLACEMENT CURVES (DISPLACEMENT IN INCHES) FIGURE 1, — Load Displacement Curves42 Shear Cone Theory Investigations into the tension capacity of headed anchors and inserts ombedded in conerele nave shown inat when these m= added items do not fall in the anchor steet iiself, but pull out of concrete, the geometry of the failed concrete section is conical in section!" Since the concrete has been subjecled to diagonal shear forces, this failure mode is termed a “Shear Cone.” The area of tnis conical section thet fails is pre marily dependent upon tha fallowing factors 1. Concrete Compressive Strength 2. Concrete Weight 8. Headed Anchor Size A. Length of embedment B. Hoad Diameter 4, Boundary Conditions 5. Anchor Spacing or Grouping FIGURE 2.— Typical Conical Feilure As the depth of embedment of the headed anchor continues to increase, the area of the conical section that may be pulled out in- creases proportionately up to the point of full embeamert At an embedment depth of some B to 10 times the anchor shank ciameter’® the capa- city of the concrete contained within the ‘conical area exceeds the tensile strength of the steel in the neaceo anchor, Al thal area of cavalopment, the stud ratner than the con- rele fails, Seyons the full embedment of €-10 diameters, conical area failure does not apply since strength is limited by the stud embe ment capacity (Pye) These statements assume that the studs are spaced 90 thal there Is sufficient surroundir conerete area icr a full shear cone to developed. Limitations of conical area are covered in a later section Figure 9, illusiratas tte geometrical relation- ships of a full sheer co 43 FIGURE 3. — Full Gonereie Shear Cone The conerete capzcity of a lull shear cone may be determined by the formula (Equation 4.) Puc =PCKA; VF, Where Puc = Ultimate concrete tension capacity (bs.) 0.85 Recu: actor nerete type (Per AC! ion 11.3.2) Normal weignt concrete C= 1.0 All lightweignt concrete C = 0.75 Sand lightweight concrete C= 0.85, K-40 Ate = Area of full conical surface (sq. in.)” fo-2e concrete compre: strengin Nez mS (R-1) Partial Embedment — Full Shear Cone This case covers those anchors with insuf- ficient embadment length to develop the an- chor embecment sirength (Pus), but with adequate spac 2 Surrounding cone: to develop a full shear cone area, Failure geurs in the concrate ay be described as ‘The relationship m: Puc < Pus or Conerete Capacity is less than or equal to the anchor embedment sirongth.‘The shear cone failure of an anchor with partial embedment is described geometrically. In Figure 4 21+, Oniz FIGURE 4.— Partial Embedment Shear Cone Full 45 Converting Equation 4., Section 4.2 to tne Partial embedment case, full shear cone area geometry, the following derivations are avolved Puc =$CK AtcWT, Puc = (6) (4) (C) (Mei Afe = 7 TE Le (Le + Dh/2 + Dh/2) or mz Le (Le- dh} (0) (4) F-VE Le (Le + DVT of Puc = 17-77 © (Le}(Le + On) WF (Equation 5.) This expression may be restated as int Lehigh Report's by Pus = 0.475 C (Le + Dh) LeVTo_ simply converts Fuc from pounds to kips Confirmation of the concrete capacity form la accuracy is shown in Figure 8. whe! partial embedmet full shear cone test speci- mens ate graphed on a measured (tested) versus theoretical (predicted) basis. 2 10 fe / 4 7 z ot % sdsiae re oneete bol pean “Dats’ can “hoe ey Bern ara gieo Ne Rare ered Sh TBE Ada Mn ANE of 78TH. m4" 3000 NWC Noe Jide vues piined tam Tobe ove Values Obtain 002, Report Mo. 1966-5 ftom Neison Stud Project No FIGURE 5.—Partial Embedment Capacity 4.4 Full Embedment Conaition Where the anchor embadment langth is in the Tange 0! 8 to 10 times the anchor shank ci- ameter, the relationsnig of concrete capacity le stud embedment capacity may be de- scribed as. Pus > Pus or Concrete Capacity Is equal to or greater than the anchor embodment strength. In these ces: the concret= the stud will fail rather than MeMackin, Slutter anc Fisher have reporied'9 that tension capacity near a free edge in 5000 psi normal weignt concrete can oe de- termined by the formula a puc -BRE rue TE nasa canavere staton caacity De= Distance from a fre edge to the center of the anchor Puc = Concrete Ds = Anchor shank diameter acity Pue AT 2 A3_ tm Pure Tension Specimens (free edge) gor fie ee | ae Te Tee. EE combined-Loading Specimens : ss ee $a oF Pure Tension Specimens Pure Shear Specimens (free adge) é3@ 7'-0" = 21.0" Cast Seperataly. 1" -8NC x 10" (/* Threaded Stud Schedule of Anchor Sizes aa x2 V2 AW {/ Number D Length Le Dh — Shank Tested (in) (in) (in) (in) _Area (in) 2B 4 482 23 7 482 ] 6 a a2 Law. Length 8 8 ea zo FIGURE 6.—Typical Tesi Seam and Anchor Section X-X Test Schedule ”48 Spacing for Full Tension Capacity of Partially Embedded and Fully Embedded Anchors ‘The shear cone areas for partially embedded anchors are calculated with a 45° core. making the surfece area radius (R| equel to Le > Dh/2 in ail cases. Spacing for a single anchor, between anchors or from the canter ‘of an anchor 10 @ free ecge are based on this, fact. Spacings for full embedment anchers are based on calculating the surface aree radius (A) according to Ea setting the term ion 6., Section 4.4. by =} and solving for De Table 6. shows the minimum spacing re guired for ful shear cone development Capa- ity for stock size anchors in various con ‘crete types and densi Table 6. Spacing For Full Tension Capacity Development (Of Stock Size Headed Anchors ‘Anchor Spacing (R) In Inches Anchor Normal Weight Concrete Sand Lightweight Concrete _All Lightweight Concrete Size 9000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 3000 pci 4000 psi 5000 psi 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 5 3a0 in. 1.4190 in. 1.808in 1 588in. 7401 in in U7T4in 1330 7.190 80815061401 1774 1.786 2348 2.100 2.062 1786 2348 2100 2862 2188 aia 2.188 2188 3.188 3188 3.188 3.188 2.380 2181 2.200 3548 2.350 3.131 2.800 3.548 2330 3481 2.200 2.380 3.131 2,800 2.813 2813 2.813 2.976 g.gi4 2978 3a14 3.250 3.250 3.750 3.750 4.250 4.250 4.250 srt $250 §.250 srt 4e97 4.207 agit 4607 4201 6 3571 4697 42018 3.813 3813 38133. 4313 4913 43180 5.a13 6313 5319 5. 4167 6313 4901 6 4167 79 490) 7. 4.167 547949017 Minimum spacing for single anchor = 2R. anchors = 2R 12 Minimum spacing between Minimum spacing, center of anchor to free edge = 1R4.7 Reduced Anchor Tension Capacity — Partial Overlapping Spacing Condition shear. Gane Common reduction cases are shown in Fig More frequently, the physical dimensions of eT shear cone avea due (9 one oF mole ec. conditions can occur as shown in Figure? WV eduction to Full Shear FIGURE 8. —0) » FIGURE 7. —Boundery 0° Free Edge Condition - ie B. Spacing Conditions — To mest leading requirements, headed anchors may be grouped oF clustered. Again. due to physi- eal limitations, the distance between ar- chors may not be sufficient to allow full shear cone area development. Essentially, the cone areas overlap, producing @ © duved area similar to that of a free edge as shown in Figure 8. FIGURE 10.—Two Reductions to Full Shear FIGURE 8. — Overlapping Spacing Condition Cone. 13CONE A - THREE REDUCTIONS ue CONE & - FOUR REDUCTIONS reduced capacity of each enchor the lapping areas of reduct ignored t case where full ht spacing, the ISO overlap, Figure ie. In caleulating the areas of red) 12. shows su OVERLAP OF AREAS OF REDUCTION \ > eR4.8 Calculating Reduced Tension Capacity In calculating the reduced capacity of a neaced anchor shear cone influenced by boundary conditions, the extent of reduction 's dependent upon wheter the anchor is jong enough to develop its full embedment strength (Pue) or whether the concrete capa- city (Pus) controis. 4.8.1 Partial Embedment — Reduced Shear Cone When the neaded anchor is of insufficient fength to develop full anchor embedment Capacity, Puc or concrete capacity contro's From Section 4.2 Pue or concrete capacity may be calculated as. Fu § OK Aic Vie When subject to reduction, the reduced capa- city may be stated as F Puc = CK (Ajp— Ar) FE of Puce CK (Age) (Equation 7) where Puc = Reduced tension capacity in klps D.C, Kas previously defined Ajo= Atoa of the full shear cane in square inches A, = Area al reduction in square inches Agg=Area_of the remaining or partial cone in square inches Afe or the full shear cone area of a partial emhadment anchor may 68 caloulated as Ate> eS (R=) since partially embedded anchors pull @ Shear cone in tension, full hear cone area is Atg= ®VE Le (Le + Bh Fall shear cone areas (Ajo) for partial embed ment, slock size anchor® are shown in Table 7. along with partial cone areas (Apc) for various single edge cistances. The area of the remaicing or partial cone (Ape) following reductions by boundary con ditions may oe calculated as Apo=7Aip-\/Fa > where A= Radius of the remaining or partial cone H= Height of the remaining or partial cone Depth and embeament Le whore more than one reduction to the cone 8 Necessary, the reducec capacity may described as: he Fie[ eben | ic [ee Ape (uc) | Fie easwete (Equation 8.) Table 7. Partial Shear Cone Areas For Partial Embedment Anchors AFC 05in. 10in. 1.51. 20in, 2.5in. Ape For Distance To Free Edge Of: 30In. 35in. 4.01 45in. 5.0in, 5.5in. 6.0in. 2012 912 1448 1770 — =~ = = = = 44.00 18.80 2697 90.48 3408 30.88 Se 33.20 — 2080 24.69 2959 — — 45.16 26.55 3074 abe es e070 — 33.60 36.49 4890 488 — 5 7846 — 41.93 47.15 e356 B478 7197 — axSu. 12084 — 60.88 67.11 Buo2 8772 9529 10379 11109 — BXSMe 6294 — 3434 39.08 cn = 4284 47.79 5824 6860 7217 — a e162 6788 8137 8868 9620 10413 11240 — 8422 9150 9910 107.03 116.26 128.87 13276 14199 151.50 161.52 2xaye 80.48 @D exo" 7 - TExBie 178.83g 4.8.2 Full Embedment— Reduced Sheer Cone In calculating the reduced capacity of a full embedment anchor where Puc > Pue anc the Shenor embedmen’ strength controls, Eque~ ton 6. section 2.4 provides @ conservative estimate, Restated, this formula to calculate individual reductions is 2 PygPue— [rue (ERECT shy) 4] ete (Equation 8.) With both partial embedment and full embed- ment anchors, the reduced tension capacity bf a shear cone subject to boundary or edge Conditions is equal to the full tension capa. city Pue or Puc minus the sum of the num- ber of reductions. Under no condition can the anchor design capacity (Pue) be exceeded A cunve ron 4,7 —catcuuareo vatues Tables 9. through 14. follow, These tables show the amount of a single reduction in kips| to the tension capacities of stock size anchors for various edge distances Tablas 9, 10. and 11. are for normal weight con- erete of 3, 4 and 5 Kei compressive strength Tables 12., 12. and 14. are for all lightweight conerate of the same compressive sirengtns. Approximate reduction values for sand light weight concrete may be calculated by inter- polating between the values shown for hormal and lightweight concretes. Several specimens subject to e¢ae condition eduction were tested in the Lenigh stucy Figure 13.. shows the tested results plotted against the calculated curve for % x 7°: full embecment specimens: (One specimen (ed. Wes a partial emo: fhent anchor % © 235; 1m S000 psi normal weight concrete at a distance irom the center of the anchor te the free edge of 2.0" Table 8. includes the calculated versus tested re sults for this case. ~— CONCRETE SLAB 20 PER EQUATION 9, x9] f / te Concrete # i ‘symbol eam sludSize (pel) Type 0 2 2 a % 210 Noval - 3 “00 a 6 = S100 FIGURE 13. — Tension Reduction cor with 20 16 Free Eoge Distance )))Table 9. Single Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances in 3000 Psi Normal Weight Concrote Reduction Te Tension Canzcty (Kips) ae Distance From Center 01 Ancher To Free Edge Inches) ‘Anchor Radius Capactiy* he Ske NWS. Kips 3035 80 45 50 xe aon 265 20 ao Yaa 255 2 0 9 0 Bx 28 ° 0 saat 538 ° ° 375 ° ° 52 ° 3 1050 0 ° ‘080 0 5 08 9 ° 08) 3 5 ° ° ° ° ° 73 334 5 os = — 30 170 257 322 ° isi = = 332 ° sete ter = = 3a 8 cathe 24 = 238 8 edhe 5 — 38 9 15h v2 = 114 1039 202 eek wae = > i908 1370 218 1061 se Bath Wee = = vis 4370 1275 1087 3B nethe faa = 818 1370 918 toe Bee Notes Table, Section 46 e Gr Bue From Tablet Section a5 Table 10. Single Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances In 4000 Ps! Normal Weight Concrete Reduction To Tension Capacity (Kips) ete Distance From Center Of Anchor To Free Edge (Inches) Anchor Radius capacity”) Be Size NW.G.'. Kise 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Tatts gen 28s coo 36 thety” 1330" 285 ‘ oo 0 ¢ 2 € o o ¢ 5 6 6 8 Q oo 288 0 6 c o 0 ¢ 3 0 o 0 0 0 ° 0 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 o 0 108 2 0 282 oo fe 2 0 5 a 0 ao: 2 0 no DS 33) 200 mo F 581 9 0 ee — 08 276 2 0 5 = 85 2 0 we 3328 830 210 23: iD Hae a2 429 0 iid ~~ teas 232 428 0 iid = tee Be 4289 ty Pucor Pue From Table 4. Section 4 7Table 11, ingle Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances In 5000 Psi Normal Weight Concrete Reduction To Tension Capacity (Kips) Tension Distance From Genter Of Anchor To Free Edge Inches} ‘Anchor Radiue. Capacity De Size MWC. Kips Ale 05 20 25 39 95 40 45 50 WpxB ye 1180" 268 NO 4a ° oo 0 0 6 ikea’ a0" 2es HO Ta 3 0 8 0 6 6 dndy 1705 $08 289 20 o 0 0 9 0 o Mee 588208 269 0 ° 30 218 tee oon — sa ° 2 0 0 Sie jose ang — ee 20 8 8 8 2p 1080 at — 232 0 0 0 OD 230 «RO ahd — 280 a 2 0 8 230 © 080 aad — 239 ° 2 8 8 250 (18D aad — 232 ° @ 0 6 40 93 — 207 ° o 0 6 1655 3 — 500 0 8 8 6 os mS — 50 6 5b 8 08s 492 — 247 19 2 6 9 hen ar — Sue 412 282 6 8 6 year 73s 753 eo) fs 1m b 8 eo 2 48 Gaa 522 3 8 8 Bee 2 Bae ees sue a a 0 Ree > — Bis ems $22 5 6 0 goes 002 — 240 688 622 98 8 ee — 562 499 309 0 9 0 5 — Pab G52 $08 358 20 00 12 — — jaeragat i173 1006 831 950 45° 200 10 — 4551270 1092 908 Too 509 0 “0 10 — — 32834978 1002 aoe T9909 9 0 1360 1276 1092 004 20 Sm 8D Notes: (1.) Radu Or F From Table, Section 4 {2} Tension Capecty Pus or Fue From Tatie4, Section 45. Table 12. Single Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances In 3000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete eduction To Tension Capacity (Kips) Tension Distance From Centar Of Anchor To Free Edge (Inches) ‘Anchor Radius Capacity *. be ‘Sze ALI Kips os 10 13 20 25 30 45 40 85 50 59 60 55 205 ta tag © a 208 ia) Be ° o 3 6 0 8 8 207 zor 24s ° ° © 0 0 3 307 297 Bae 6 0 6 oo 0 3 ais 18 6 9 0 © po 9 ae = aw eo 0 6 ob 0 9 to = ae vee 0 6 0 0 8 aie 382 ie fe 8 8 9 0 3 a0 = tee jee ie 0 cr 430 = 4B ise fe 6 60 0 - 22 ¢ 0 0 © 0 0 = is 420 916 207 6 3 0 = ies 420 3.18 207 6 oo = = 0 0 6 0 0 - tee 6 6 8 O = 278 0 6 0 0 “— 5B) 460 328 2 0 0 a Fas 628 30 244 oro z Tag 620 $08 377 244 tor 0 - - Fas 628 505 4 107 es — isi 0 0 0 0 es — = 2ae 260 110 o 9 0 3 Ses 463 378 267 182 0 0 ma M 18 S48 259 325 185 2 1280 1156 1 737 590 438 2et 2 jae 195 10.20 861 737 SS) az8 Ze Notes: (1) Radius OF A n Tables, Section 46, (2) Tension Capacity Puc Or Fue From Tables. Section 18Table 13. Single Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances In 4000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete ‘eduction To Tension Capacity (Kips) Sar ati "i asa 43 so ss 60 48 be aes 3 88 8 8 2 $3 g 8 8 8 a 83 8 8 S 3s 88 8 8 ae ue a8 8 8 ae a8 be os Db 8 8 $8 8 8 Q oo EB » 97 9 9 9 0 af 88 8 a ‘e 8 ) ig 3 28 5 : ° 3 ® ats e Ee nots (hd OU8 Pom Tata Sacto ®@ Table 14. Single Reduction Values For Various Edge Distances In 5000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete Redaction Tenn Caps bs) ‘ase Dine Ham enter! Arter Fe ee Unches) Radius Capacity * oe air "a eos 1018 oo Ts eo as 50 6s ta” BF $f 8 8 » 3.4 o 0 0 gE 8 5 go 8 ° $8 8 3 » o 0 9 D 2 8 8 38 5 2 8 8 $38 So : 8 8 280 4761 3.761 4701 esea 3a: 4313 5313 aaa 5385 So55 a 2 a 5 8 Rais OF Tension Capac4.8.3 Use of Tables 8. through 14. An example calculation for reduced capacity of a headed anchor follows Case: Insert plate with 6 anchors, i x 6% embedded in S000 normal weight Concrete for Figure 14, Find the reduced capacity of the end anchors, A and tha full plate capacity, 4.75 A. From Table Of Ys x 65 10.80 kips B. From Table 6 on 48 spacing for ¥% X Bye anchor in normal weight cor Min. spacing tween > 476" = 2R. Min spacing to free edge = 2.38" = R section 4.5 tension capacity anchor in 50004 concrete — ©. Spacing between anchors in Figure 14 is 4.75" of sufficient for full tension capacity. D. Spacing to edge in Figure 14. is 2.0" not adequate for full capacity. E. From Table 11., reduction values in 5000# conerste, 2.0" distance to free edge, A anchors with 2 reductions. R Pue= Pue— (2:32 - 232) R Pus = 10.60—4.64 R Pur 5.90 Kips - capacity of A anchors Total capacity of insert in tension Two anchors (A) with 2 reductions = 2 x 3.98 = 11.92 Kips. 2. Four anchors [6 & C) with 1 reduction = 4 (10.90 — 2.52) = 39.12 kivs Total insert plate Allowable loae 2 For additional semple problem see Section 70 20 49 Anchors In Groups — A Note Of Caution In some connection designs, the use ot groups of neaded studs is quite prevalent. These anchor groups use large numbers ct studs spaced so closely that full conical areas cannot b= develcped. Examples of such grouping of headed anchors are sean in lurbine mounting plates, column-beam con- nections, shelf angles, nuclear containment liner base rings, ete In these cases, whether the anchor Is sub- ject to * shear cr tension load, there is possibility that large numbers of headed an- chors of the same embedment length may ‘eause the establishment oj a shear plane in the concrete. Failure then gccurs in the con- crete in the form of a truncated pyramid as shown in figure FIGURE 18 — Shear Plane Failure Usually, calculation of the anchor group on the basis of indivicual anchors and their re- ductions yields a low allowable load for the connection. Calculation of the allowable shear oF tension load by using tne surface area of the truncated pyramid as Afc in the formula Puc = © CK Afclfc snould be made. ‘4s check on the anchor group performanc Problem No. 2 in the sample problem Sec- jion 7.0, shows this procedure. A higher allowable oad value using the truncated pyramid sree calculation is acceptable, pro- vided that sufficient secondary reinforce ment in the form of bars and/or mesh is employed to increase the connection per lormance into the cuctile range Iis far better io evoid the possibility of shes Planes and recuced connection performance by applying the following corrective measures, 1. Change in anchor size 2. Change in anchor spacing 3. Placement 0! longer or shorter embs ment length headed anchors in the stud pattern to disvupt the potential shear plane effect Finally, @ confirming calculation based on group performance Should be made an any oluster of anchers where the spacing bi tween anchors approaches the 2R minim suggested far tension in Table 8. and for shear in Table 16.a 5.0 EMBEDMENT PROPERTIES OF Ba HEADED ANCHORS IN SHEAR Ultimate Embedded Shear Capacity Sheer capacities of embedded anchors have been the subject of numerous investigations. Ono study of Driscoll and Sluttor®! ob: Served thal @ height-to-ciameter ratio. (H/Ds) of 4 or mare for headed anchors embedded In normal weight concrete is sufficient to develap {ull shear capacity The stud hei is measured, after welding, from the top of the head to the weld plate as the entire stud resists the shear force. Oligaard, Slutter and Fisher? vestigation of the Recently, concucted a detailed shear capacities of headed anchors in both normal and lightweiont concrete. This resort concluded that the ultimate shear capacity of a headed, stud welded anchor can be calculated as Suc = 1.106 As to erst Rastated in terms of psi as used throughout this publication, the following is derived: Suc = 8685 x 10 Ec ta (Equation 19.) Where: Sue =Conerete Shear Capacity of 29 anchor in kips. Head te = 28 day concrete compressive strength, psi Ec= modulus of elasticity, osi, which may be calculated as Ee-W'893-fe (ACI218-71 Section 82 unit weight of concrete in pef A typical load slip curve based of 3" di ameter studs {fom the referenced report Is shown in figure 18. For engineering purposes, an ultimate ngth desicn equation reoresenting a con- sorvative valuo for the embedded shear ca. pacity of @ headed anchor may be siated as SHEAR LOAD PER CONNECTOR (kim) oT oz Sue = 668x792 whered = 085 Suc = 566 x 109 Asc © Eom SSue (equation 11, 089 Eom Sue. where’ Sue=The ultimste embedded shear ca pacity of 3 headed ancnor whic Cannot exczec 0.9 Asis. wear capacity of 2 upon the Basically, the embedded neaded anchor = dependent following 1. Concrete Properties A. Weight B. Compressive Strength C. Modulus of elasticity 2. Headed Anchor Size A. Shank area (As) B. Height to diameter ratio (H/Ds) 43, Boundary Conditions 4, Anchor Spacing or Grouping Table 15 heir shear weight concrete concrete of variou shows capacities in 145. pet id 110 pef sand light densities, tock anchor sizes and eight re based on sulficient sur- shear These capacitie rounding corerete so that the full strength may be developed. The concrete weights chosen ler ir Table 15. ars among those most commonly used in formal and lightweight calculations Actual shear capacities for concrete weigh her than shown may be csloulated by using Equation 11 Shear capacity values for anchors embed in all lightweight concrete will be sligh jess than these shown in Table 15. The cit- ference is slight enough, however, that t use of the values shown for feaded anchor shear capacity in all types of lightweight Concrete are acceptable —uinrwelgnT concaste oF cry 0S AVERAGE SLIP (inches) FIGURE 16.— Average Slip, Inches 1Table 15. Full Embedment Shear Capacities Of Headed Anchors 5.2 Spacing For Development Oi Full Sheer Capacity. There are two basic failure modes for studs subject to pure shear forces. In the first, the concrete capacity exceeds the anchor ca pacity and failure occurs in the anchor. The Second failure mode occurs when the anchor capacity exceeds the concrete capacity. From the Oligaard. Slutier and Fisher investiga~ tion #!, failure occurs in 2 wedge shaped section pulled from the concrete and is pre~ ceaded by localized crushing ahead of the stud, bending in the sud and cracking e: tending at an angle trom under the stud head behind the stud to the concrete — sige! interlace, This failure Is somewhat different from the large conical type failures that occur in tension loading, anc is relatively unaffected by stud length or stud spacing as compared with tension loading et Cone 1 covet Satan ue ne “peop Conente (1p) Spacing to cavelop full shear capacity is influenced by the following factors with Case B, assuming nigner relative importance. A, Spacing between anchors in a group or with regaré 10 boundary conditions on anchors without a free edga in the direc tion of the shear force. & Spacing between anchors and distance irom 2 free edge of anchors at an edgs Subject to shear farce ‘As long as the anchor nas no free edge in the direction of the shoar force, Case A applies, anc spacings are governed by the Hy/Ds ratio. A spacing equal to the ratio of 4.0 | sallstactory to develop the full poten tial shear capacity of a headed anchor. Taple 16,, which follows, shows tne full spacing requirements, Free edge conditions in the direction of the shear force are covered in Section 5.5.2Table 16. Spacing For Full Shear Capacity Development Of Stock Size Headed Anchors Anchor Spacing (R) In Inches Anchor Size Ratio Normal, Sand Lightweight or All Lightweight Conerote H/Ds 3000 psi Wx, 1025 08 Yxdy 160005 Y%xdye 1067 O78 Six6ie 16.00 O75 Ye x 2p 4.00 1.00 yx 3% €00 1.00 xa e00 1.00 yx 5% 1037 1.00 x6 1200 1.00 x8, «= 1600 1.00 400 1.25 10200 1.25 80 125 1.80 150 150 150 150 150 150 1758 175 175 175 175 175 5.3 Reduced Sheer Capacity of Headed Anchors 53.1.Case A—Boundary Conditions and Spac- ing Between Anchors Not Sub- ject toa Free Edge Shear Force. While the failure mode or geometry is it ferent, anchors under applied shear force may be subjeci ic reductions as are anchors subject to tension. Shear capacity may nave 5000 psi Note: R= Radius 1. Minimum spacing for single anchor = OR, 2. Minimum spacing between anchors aR. Minimum spacing center of anchor to ree edge no! subject 1o shear one, two, three or four reductions due to spacing between anchors in @ group or due to spacing to a free edge NOT in the ci tion of the sheer force, Figures 17., 18 and 19, illustrate the reduc~ tions that may take place. Again, the con- crete failure geometry In shiear Is not conical but ig most conveniently illusirated by the use of crawings similar to those used with tension forces FIGURE 17—One Capacity Reduction To She:FIGURE 18. Capcity Two Reductions to Shear FIGURE 10.— Thre: Note that in all the cases shown, the anchors are placed sufficiently far back fram the free edge in the direction of the sneer force that the shear edge condition may be ignored. This edge condition is covered in Section 532 Using conical area calculations for shear 2s used In Section 4.8 conservatively appro: Mates the reductions to sneer capacity ac cording ta the following formula, waie—[ (“S—"PE \f sue), + Rous = Sue [( ez <)(sve), (Cie Pee)(sue}en 2] (Equation 12.) and Four Reductions to Shear Capacity. 24 Tables 17. throug’ 22. show reduction values far single reductions ta shear capacities of stock size headed anchors for various edge distances in 145 pet normal weight concrete ‘of 3000, 4000 and 5000 psi compressive strengths and 110 pcf lightweight concrete ‘of the same strengths Where! RSuc- Reduced shear capacity in kips. Sue=Shear Capacity of Headed Anchor in kips. At Ape = Area of partial cone Area of full caneTable 17. Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 145 pf Normal Weight Concrete fc = 3000 psi Reducifon To Shesr ‘Capacity (kips) Distance From Genter Of Soesr s. Anchor To Fee Eaas: Anchor Radius! Ale Capacity "In Inehes (DE) Sie lin) (Sain) Kpe 0S 18 48 20 Tae OF 3 cP 0a a 3 D8 o 0 o 8 ° 208 oS E 2a é |. fads Or A From Tabi 2 Shaae Capacity Suc 0 Table 18, Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 145 pcf Normal Weight Concrete fe = 4000 psi Capaaly (Kis Distance From Genter OF Ae qh) BEE t i ’ Shear Capacity “tkips) “anchor To Fee £092 inaches (De) os ne a0 33.0 1380 1330 1330 1s S Sections 20Table 18. Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 145 pef Normal Weight Concrete fic = 5000 psi ecuction To Shear ‘Capacity (Rips) Distance From Center OF Anchor To Free Eoge Anchor Radius! in inches (D2) Sie iin) os 1s 20 Das 0 oe Be 08 a Boe an bog 25 oo sua oo 30 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 a an a a 0 a 6 sm a 0 — fm a 6 = §m o 0 — $0 0 — $m 0 ¢ = th on - 458 0 - $20 0 6 — sm 0 ¢ = ee ob wet 981 0 — yet agro 130) as) 6 = tet ast & ear 0 = Ge aa 0 nse Sut From Table 1B. Section 3 2 Shear Capacity Suc Table 20. Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 110 pcf Lightweight Concrete fe = 3000 psi Reduction Ta Sheer ‘Capacity (Kibs) Dletance From Center OF ‘shear 2) “ancnorTo Free Edge ‘Anenor Maas.) alo Capaciy "in inenes (Oe), (sa la) _“{Kios) 05 1S 20 oo ob o a 6 oo 6 5 3 6 no 8 o 8 6 6 5 6 6 9 6 12 — 495 0 6 iz = 405 6 6 152 = 4 8G 200 - so 6 zs = wo oo aos cab aos — $e 0 8 a8 = fan oo 29 ‘ob 8 28 4200 rao 952 671 0 pao oe 6h 0 m0 — os en o 220 = ae eno 230 ese 671 0 mao aes GD TO lus Or Fi Fom Table 1é. Section 52. ‘Capac Suc Or Sue Fram Table 18, Gestion 6. 26Table 21. Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 110 pef Lightweight Concrete te = 4000 psi ‘eduction To shear Capacity (Kips) Distance From Center Of shear i. "anchor To Free Edge. Anchor Radius) Ate Capacity Ininchee (De) Ser in) (Sqn) (tips) 0S" 40. 45 20 ame 0s eae ta bs 28 no 075 #3 20 9 9 © 07s a 0 0 OO 10 aq 0 0 9 103 340 300 a4 ° io aa 0 103 ata 0 = o © z 6 o a % 4 22 = 3 2 = 2 6 De 7 9 0 23 - 7% 5 0 3 mo a0 ° 2 — Mos ° B> Bh Nos 3 i Ome 1108 a ee 308 a BD a 1200 3 novos Section 82 2 Shear Capacity Sue or Gus From Table 5, Soation Table 22. Single Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Various Edge Distances In 110 pet Lightweight Concrete fe ~ 5000 psi eauetion To Shear Capaeity (Kies) stance Fram Cenler OF “Anchor Te Free Edge Anchor Radius’ Ate Ininches (B=) ‘Size Un) (Sqn) 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 1 Ragius OF From 2 Shear Capacity Suc5.3.2 Case B. — Free Edge in the Direction of Shear Force -many installation cases. the placer: anchors close to a free edge subject ta shear forees cannot be avoided. Naturally, the force on the anchor in ihe direction of the ire dge causes failure of the conerste arounc the anchor at loads less than the full shear capacity (Suc) of the anchor Various sources: jolly Of an anchor under such conditions 0 cateulated as may RSuo=9 (2.5 Des—9.5) rete shear capacity = 85 reduction factor Des distance from tree edge in the Gires- tion of load This relationship provides mate of the anchor bala: the literature cited MeMackin. Slutter and Fisher's. found that reduced shear capecity in 5000 psi normal weight concrete is better described by the formula, conservative esti- nce, a8 is stated in R Suc = Suc (Dos-1) <0. Asts “SD, © (Equation 13.) where RSuc=Reduced concrete snear cana kkips} Concrete shear = distance sheer ecge (inches) to cen. ter of stud 2g = stud shank diameter (inches) ig= Stud shank area inche 43 = tensile strength of anchor steel Figure 20. shows tho plotted curves of both formulas agains! test cata. Equation 13, reprasenis a more reiable estimate of actual capacity 3 ° z 4 3 3 FREE EDGE DISTANCE inches) FIGURE 10 Reduces si 3 Distance From Free Edge for Full Development of Shear Capacity. ‘quation 13., Section 5.3.2 must be modified reflect concrsi= compressive strengih and tppa oa clone dest tc) [FE sue 5000 (Equation 14.) where all functions remain the same and C= Constant ‘or concrete type Normal weiant concrete G = 1.0 Sand lightwoight concrete C = 0.85 Al lightweight concrete G - 0.78 Yor 28 day concrete compressive strength R Suc = Suc fe when the | \ronches " ~¥5005 J/#°" unity, the distance from the free edge subject to shear force (Des) 1s adequate tor tne full shear capacity of the anchor to be developed Table 29., shows the minimum diatance (Des) from a iree edge subject to shear force that an anchor should be placed for full sh: capacity development When the gisiange an anchor Is placed from a free edge subject to shear force is less than the full eapacity distance shown in Table 23 the shear capacity of the embedded anchor is reduced accordingly. Tables 24. through 23. shaw the amount of reduction to full ‘eapacity in kins for various distances to an edge subject io shear force in, 4 and canerates af normal and lightweight density te concrete Beam StusSize (i) Type fH = 3 eG Heats Capacity — Free Ecge Corcition Subject to Shear For 28Table 23. Distance From A Free Edge In The Direction Of A Shear Force Required For Full Shear Capacity Development ‘ (2ee) Dstencs ro Centro Anchor to Fee Edge Conerte Type and Sirens Anchor Shank 3000 psi 4000 psi 5000 psi 2000 psi 4000 psi $000 psi Diam.(Ds.) NWT NWT ONWT LWT LWT LWT. Diam. S58in, 3.24in S00in, 444in, G9B8in 67in 34" Diam. 487 486 «9409 «6.18547 5.00, 16" Diam: 618 AaB 1 788 698 843 45g" Diam. 745 660 609 960 «6.4577 34" Diam. ei@ 772 700 1142 «892 = 900 Diam. 10.03» «684 80D 1904 «19431083 Table 24. Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For ’ Various Edge Distances For Anchors Subject to Free Edge Shear Force fe ~ 3000, Normal Weight Concrete Fecuslion to Shear Capacity (Kips) Distance from Cantar ot Ancror To Free Edge (Des) in inches 35 40 45 50 £5 60 65 70 75 89 85 90 95 19 oe oe 028 0 en a3 an ear Tos 708 ro fon 708 aaa rit ras 550 ost 743 3 BS) 743 1179 1088 [as 1983 1228 2133 1953 1028 2 daa 13.88 1298 Tes 888 1224 42 4) 1842 1409 19.59 1224 12 1 488 19.83 12.24 1095, ago 17.66 1621 1487 2147 18.66 18:16 1 BLA? 1806 1818 15 V7 128 18 1959 13 218 11886 1415 1958 Tots "abe 121 12 65 18% 1568 SIE 3H DTS ZI (vom a shear ugar 8 24.18 Er bets 2 a 2 4xBis" Houdke Anchor 29Table 25, Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Anchors Subject To Free Edge Shear Force fe= 4000, Normal Weight Concrete Reductions to Shear Cepacity (Kins) ‘ ot Distance em Caner Anchorte Free Edge (Dex) niches Anchor Gapssiy Sic (Kis) 132028 30 35 40 45 50 5860 65 79 75 a0 a5 . yoy 286 207 144 OB ORF Pe He en ae Haale 407 320 234 143 o8T ee 13 8m 23 Va ont sa 432 nae 803 a7 87! 109 303 887 a7 a9 333 303 887 871 rng 1033 323 997 571 08 13s 803 as? 57) 108 M82 1037 010 784 S57 E20 204 BIT 3909 11.88 1941 895 TH 805 4e1 ae 413281185 1st 695 751 E03 fet 316 1795 1584 39 1270 1223 978 E26 970 520 £1955 13.00 1536 142 (208 1175 S41 Ten S34 1843 19.09 18.98 192 IZ68 1315 G41 TER 384 643 1809 18.96 14.5 115 841 Tes See 1883 1800 15.36 1422 1258 1715 Gat Ten Soa 1809 18.38 118 G4 Tes 5a 38.08 128 1145 sat 763 8. 7 2286 21.06 19.25 174s 1864 1380 1002 1022 2560 23.00 21 57 1988 "759 1881 24a T18 202 2860 2157 1956 1750 1851 1048 Nd 26.62 20.60 21 57 551 1348 1168 551 1ga8 138 S31 1343 1148 Table 26. Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Anchors ‘Subject To Free Edge Shear Force fe - 6000. Normal Weight Reauciion To shear Capacity (Kips) Shear Anchor Capacity Distance From Center O| Anchor To Fiee Edge (Des) In Inches Bice (ps) 29 30 35 49 45 50 55 60 7075 a tet ue id 3 +O 30 aaa nner ( rrrr—Table 27. Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Anchors Subject To Free Edge Shear Force fe = 3000, Lightweight ‘Table 28. Reduction Values To Shear Capacity For Anchors Subject To Free Edge Shear Force ¢ Fo = 4000, Lightweight Divarce Fran Cote Ot Anon Te Fee Edge (Os nnchet Hie ete Te he n5.3.44 Spacing Belween Anchors at A Free Edge Subject to Shear Force. Indieatec, the shea Tree edge sub anchar should city development summarized in Table 2: Table 29, Reduction Velues To Shear Capacity For ‘Anchors Subject To Free Edge Shear Force f'¢ = 5000, Lightweight ser to the edge than the distance: capacity is red ables 24. through susan amounts shown force that an Figure 21. 5: shear capa- failure mo istances (Des) are ance le jould the anchor 8. outlined the di tt ‘or an anchor with an ecge 1, shows @ lypical fan required for full capa FIGURE 21. Specimens A2-7 and A2-8 % x ‘Anchors, Subject to Pure Shear, 6" From Free Edge. 22Note that the tallure geometry remains rough- ly conical in nature. The surface area of the allure approximates an isosceles triangle, so that the spacing needed between headed q anchors along a edge |s equal to twice the dapth of embecment of the anchor. Figure 22, shows the geometrical relationship for neaded anchors with insufficient ecg distance to develop full shear capacity, Accordingly, the spacing between headed srcheasar d tonerge sublet © ahuar force may be described Bes Shas? Edge Stud Spacing =2(Bes + 95: = ners Se Tita BY) Des= Distance from free edge to center of anchor in inches > Ds = Stud diameter in inches FIGURE 22 —Goometry of Free Edge Shes ble 20. which foliows shows the required Failure spacing belween anchors placed at a free ‘ edge so that their full potential shear cap2- city may be obtaines. Table 30. Spacing Required Between Headed Anchors At A Free Edge For Development Of Potential Shear Capacity Cantar-to:Canter Spacing of Anchore in Inches ‘Anchor Diameter (Os) ° ’ 8 3 , es $0 tose 3 1282 28 Distance From Center Of Anchor To Free Edge (Des) In Inches5.3,5.Reduction in Shear Capacity Duo to Free age Spacing. From Table 30., Section 534. it becomes ebvious thet the spacings between anchors at 2 free edge sudect to shear force can easily exoeed the sazcings required between studs for shear capacity cevelopment when they are not influenced by the free ecae sheer condition In mest applications, the anchors are spaced more closely together than required by the free edge, shear force condition. According! 2 reduction to the shear capacity must be taken, This reduction is directly proportional to the reduction in suriace area. | reductions to Figure 23. & 24. sho. Irée edge shear capacity FIGURE 23. —Single Reduction to Free Edge Shear Spacing. Se ae x 6's headed anchors attached, anchors spaced on 4" centers, 3” from free edge end sides of concrete "member. Conerste compre: strength: 4000 psi normal woight, No sub reinforcement usecFIGURE 28.— Top View STEEL PLATE | FIGURE 27. — Front View. STEP 1. Full shear capacity per enchor Table 15. 4090 psi N.W. concrete 10.99 kips/anchor 4 anchors FT kips STEP 2, Spacing required between anchors Table 15. Spacing required = 2 4.0" Actual) (No overlap condition exists) No Reduction 35 STEPS Distance required from center of anchor to free edge subject to shear force. Table 28. 5.43" required, 3.0" actual, reduc- ton necessary Table 25. Reduction for 3” adge distan: = 5.71 kips/anchor. yction =4 x 5.71 = 22.84 kips Total re STEP 4. Spacing tetwean anchors along @ free ecge subject t9 shear force Table 30. Required spacing = 6.80", actual spacing — 4.6. je of member — 3 X reduction = 0.25" one side. Spacing to adjacent anchor - 4.00) Quired = 6.50", reguction X= 650— 4.00 = 125 2 B. Anchors, 2 recuciions, X= 1.25 Calculation: Equation 15., Amount of reduction 794 kips’A. Anchor 5 (252 B. Anchors. 1033 GEUSee 1033930 1.53 kips/8, Anchor Total Reduction 2x.704 = 1 2x 1.53 = 3.06 a 5aE 41.32 kips Dkips Ba ki Step Capacity = Allowabie load =—"3 Failure mode predicted: Concrete, The reed for sub-reinforcement at the tree edge to increase connection capacity is indicated to prevent fai ure This connection snould also be ceiculat using the anchors as a graup. For a typical example of a group calculation see example problem No. 2. Section 7 Recommendation: Add edge veinforcement6.0 EMBEDMENT PROPERTIES OF ANCHORS — COMBINED SHEAR — TENSION LOADING. In many cases, headed anchors embedded in ‘concrete are subject to combined shear and tension Toices. These loadings may be de liparately appliee or may be the result of a resolution of forces acting upon the anchors. As is evident trom the preceeding sections of this publication, the embedment spacings tor tension are the most critical and will control the insert plate design in most cases of com- pined leading, One of the prime objectives of the Lehigh port's! was the determination of anchor performance when subject to combined lozd- ings. Details on the method of force appli. Cation, results, etc. er2 available in that recort a5 published in the AIS. JOURNAL Copies ate available from Nelson Stuc Weid- ing. Both full embedment and partial embec- ment anchors were investigated with loadings in pure shear, pure tension, 30° shear-ter- ‘3)0n and 80° shoar-tension. All of the anchors tested exhibited excellent utility prior to failure either in the stud cr failure of the concrete. Figure 26. shows typieal specimen ductility. ‘The test results are summarized in Table $1 Partial Embedment Sp: Loaging a 60°, Normal Weight Coneret FIGURE 28.—Beam imen, Combined Table 31. Combined Loading Test Results AL Lpnwoit 2 igre Sh gress Tape of Loe u\_BureTorton Comares 0" omanes Coma 0 Connie 3 Eomares 6 Eenained 6)" Lines Lowa (tow) Faure Nawor ser ‘ade Concrete, EchertePure shear force loadings were taken trom 2 previous report by Oligaard, Slutter ang Fisher" Both concrete and anchors hed comparable properties to those used in this study, The formulae found to provide the bes! fit for the test data are Full Embedment (PUA, |5/3 4 (Su/Ag\9/3=1 Partial Embeoment [Pul®s_ [Suis {Pula (Su Ss, { 5 Poel u where: Pu and Puc ~ ultimate sity, kips and Suc = Puc =C Af. 0.85 Cle (Le - D,) VTE SPu (See Equation 5.) i Su have bean delined above nerete tension capa ar capacity kips. \Puras} \Suras! where Pu = Applied tension loac Su = Applied shear load Pus Tensile capacity Acie (Area x tensile strength) Siu ~ Shear capacity of the anchor 66x10 Age? Curves derived from the formulas and pleted against test data are chown in Figure 29, Essentially, the curves snow that tne formu lae for full end partial embedment provide a reasonable fit to ine test data Providing a better design relationship to curves shown in Figure 29.,a reduction factor for ultimate strength design of 09 ‘or full ambadment an: \¢.0.85 for partial em. bedment anchors yields the following design formulae and design curves ade anchor rete compressive strength 100: 80 30° € oo a g 3 60° Zz S 40 2 a F f a8 NORMAL WEIGHT FULL EMBEOMENT NORMAL WEIGHT PARTIAL EMBEDMENT LIGHTWEIGHT FULL EMBEDMENT o 20 40 60 80 100 SHEAR LOAD/A, (ksi) FIGURE 29.— Combined Loading — Formu- lae Versus Test Data6.1 Full Embedment — Combined Loading De- 6.2 Partial Embedment — Combined Loading De- sign Data. Applying an ultimate strength design reduc- tion facior of 0.85 to the partial embedment 3 jesign formula for thi mai Te aaanonib:t ase, the design formula for his case may De where f P= Applied tension load [Py \s/3+/s, ] 54 Applied shear foac Bil= Tensile eapaciy of the anchor = 08 Asis \Puc/ (Equation 17.) Su= Shear capacity anchor = 0.9 x 6.86 x 10° Ag To EoX $0.9 Ag is ‘Terms as previously cetined. Equation 16 is the formula which provides tension capacity kins = 0475 C Le (le + Dyl-VFe the Dest ultimate strength design under il egg RUBE ASS : SSadiions of como ned loading “or full em- Sue = Concrete ‘shear capacity of chor, kips = bedment anchors in botn normal and light- ght concrete. 5.56 k 10 Ag Met® Eo? $0.85 As fg ® LIGHTHELGHT GoncRETE U wea ENBEDMENT =| NORMAL WEIGHT CONCRETE FULL eMBEDRENT z coe a ' 2 40 a a a Oe SHEAR LORD ba Shean vous bon IGURE 30.— Interaction Design Curve FIGURE S1.— Interaction Dosign Curve Combined Loecing of Ful Embedment Combinec Leasing of Full Embedmen' Anchors in Norma’ Woight Concrete Anchors in Lightweight Concrete vod 4 osu. weiah couceeTe * PARTIAL EMBEDNENT® ad *NOTE: FOR PARTIAL ENBEDVENT VALUES g Ty Liasrivelort concneTe, AZOUSE THE 2 NOANAL WEIGHT COKCRETE FIGURES 5 oq GBraINED FHOM Tas CURVE Wire THE g FOLLOWING © FACTCRS: z f° suc uiawrwelgr concaeTe 25075 § ad Seige LigHwElGHT couesers 6035 2 ‘ FIGURE 32 —Interaction Design Curve. e a a rT SEAR LOAD (3 386.3. Use of Design Curves for Combined Loading inch (KSI) as they are on the curves or con- In ordar to use the design curves (figures 30 verted to actual loadings in terms of Pounds 31, ang $2,), tension and shear loads should {KIPS), The following table is for conv either be stated in terms of kips per square purposes Table 32. Conversion Table— KSI To KIPS ksi | Kips “Anchor Diameter (Da) and Area (A8) Ds="" De=%4" DS=%)' Ds=%" Ds= 4" Ds = 1% Kips/Sq. in. | AS=.0891 As=.1104 As= 1964 Ag=.3068 As=.4d18 As ~.6019 z om O22 038 Bt O88 7.20 4 0.20 04a 1.23 iit 241 é 029 068 134 265 361 é 033 0.88 2.45 353 agi 10 0.43 410 3.07 442 601 1 059 132 3.58 330 122 14 089 153 430 aia 8.42 6 O78 477 431 707 962 8 03a 499 5.52 798 10.82 20 0.38 221 6.14 eas 12.03 22 198 2.43 878 9.72 13.23 24 265 736 10.50 14.43 2 Der 798 11.49 15.63 2B 3.09 8.59 1237 16.84 30 331 5.89 9.20 13.25 1805 92 3.53 628 8.82 rans 19.28 a4 375 668 10.43 15.02 20.44 26 3.97 7.07 11.04 15.90 21.55 38 4.20 7.48 11.86 16.79 22.85 40 4.42 7.86 12.27 17.87 24.05 2 4a 225 12.89 18.58 25.25 44 4.39 864 13.60 19.44 26.46 48 5.08. 9.03 144 20.32 27.86 48 5.30 243 14.73 21.24 28.86 50 52 382 15.34 22.08, 30.07 52 B74 10.21 15.85 22.97 3127 54 5.95 10.60 16.56 23.86 32.477.0 Example Problems Problems showing applications involving Shear, tension ané combined shear-tension are included in this section. While beck Ground data and formulze constitute a large S5tton of this publication, actuel probloms Fray bo readily salved afer familiarization, by feference 10 the examples givan and to im portant design ‘abies and/or curves 7A Index To Design Tables And De- sign Curves. Tension TABLE, —Design Embedded Tension Ga pacities of Stock Size Headed ‘Anchors. Pa. 10. TABLE6.—Spacing for Full Tension Ca- pacliy Development. Pg. 12. TABLET.—Partial & Full Shear Cone Areas for Pertiel Embedment Anchors. Pg. 15. TABLES 9. through 14. Single Reduction Values to Tension Capacity of Embaddec Anchors for Various Edge Di: tances by Conerete Type ang Strength TABLE §.— 3000 Fsi Normal Weight Conerete Po. 17 TABLE 10.— 4000 Psi Normal Weight Concrete. Pg. 17 TABLE 11.—5000 Psi Normal Weight Conerste. Po. 18. TABLE 12.— 3000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete. Pa. 18. TABLE 12.— 4000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete, Pg. 19. TABLE 14. 8000 Psi All Lightweight Concrete. Pa. 19, Shear TABLE 18. Embedded Shear Capacities of Stock Size Headed Anchors, Po. 22 TABLE 16.—Snacing for Full Shear Capacity Development of Anchors. Pg. 23. TABLES 17 through 22 Single Reduction Values to Shear Capacity of Embedded Anchors for Various Edge Dis- tances by Conorele Type and Strength (Re- duction due to Spacin. TABLE 17-3000 Psi erate (14 ormal Weight Con- ‘pc! density). Pa, 25. TABLE 18.—4000 Psi Normal Weight Con- crete. (145 pet density), Pa. 25. TABLE 19.5000 si Normal Weight Con- Grete. (145 pof density}. Po. 25. TABLE 20,2000 Psi Lightweight Con- Erete. (170 pet density). Pg. 28 TABLE21—4000 Psi Lightweight Con- crete. (170 pot density). Po. 27. TABLE 22.5000 Psi Lightweight Con- crete. (110 pel density). Pa. 27. TABLE 23—Distance from a Free Edge in the Direction of a Shear Force Required for Full Shear Ca- pacity Development. Pa. 28 TABLES 24. through 29 Single Reduction Values to Shear Capacity for Various Edge Distances for Anchors ject to Free ‘ear by Concrete and Strength TABLE 24.—300: Normal Weight ‘Concrete. Pg. 29. TABLE 25 —4000 Psi Normal Weight Concrete. Po. 30, TABLE 26.—5000 Psi Normal Weight Conerate. Po. 30. TABLE 27.3000 Fsi Lightweight Conerate. Po. 31 TABLE 28 —4000 Ps! Lightweight Conerste. Pa, 3t TABLE 28.—5000 Psi Lightweight Concrete. Pg. 32 TABLE20—Spacing Required bet: Headed Anchors at a Free Edge for Development of Potenti Shear Capacity. Pg. 33 ‘Combined Shear — Tension FIGURE 30.—Desian Interaction Curve for Full Embedment Anchors in Normal Weight Concrete. Pg. 38. FIGURE 31.—Design Interaction Curve for Full Embacment Anchors in Lightweight Concrete, Pa. 28. FIGURE 32,—Design Interaction Curve tor Facial Empedment Anchors TABLE 32. —Conversion Table ksi to kips. Pg. 39.Problem 1. termine the allowable tension load for an embecment diate with 8 anchors, spaced shown, Conerste 4000 psi Lee Anchor Capacity from Table 4 = 29,86 = Pue Anchor Spacing Required trom Table 6. = R= 3.90" 2 THEP Dia Spacing shown exceeds requirements Anchors x 23.86 Kips/Anchor = 190.8 Kins Using a load factor of 20 Allowable Load Pu = 180.9 = 95.4 Kips Capacity Problem 2. Determine the allowable tension load for a plate smilar to that in Problem 1., with an~ chor spacing recuced as snown, Anchore = 34" x 79 f= 4006 psi Normal weight Anchor Capacity tram Table 4. = 23.86 = Pus Anchor Spacing Required from Table 6, = R=3992 eee 7864" Call 8.00" Dia Spacing shown does not meet requiramants 4 Corner Anchors (Anchor A) Have wo teductions 4 Interior Anchors (Anchor B.) Have three reductions De (Distance to e0ge “4 center spacing= 2.00" From Table 10. Reduction due to edge dis- tance of 2.00" = 8 92 Kips, A Puc= 4[28.86-2 (8.92) = 24.08 Kips 4[23.36-3 (2.92)] = -11.60 Kips = 72.48 Kips Any group of anchors with spacing less than or equal to the minimum shown shoulc oe checked by a group caleulation using Equa: tion 8. 2s follows, Problem 2.— Check tension load by croup calculation Areas A\+ 282 ~ 2A 7 Ay As A= AFC (Area of Full Cone) r from Table 10. AFG = 111.0 sa. in.2 = Area of end between end anchors (2) (4) Ven Le (2) (4) VSSSERSY = SESE = 60.5 8q, in. Area of side (2) (12) NORA Le 2 (12) ~V1B892-625)" = 6.6257 178.4 sq. in. A. > Area of base 4a = Solution: Full cone for "x 73:<" anchor in 4000 psi normal weight conerate from Table 10.= 111s. in __Banchors on plate BBE sq. in. Theoretical Area 9969 Actual Arca ERR Theorelical Area 447 (6 anchors x 23.36 Kips/Anchor) = 85,82 Kips = 42.7 Kips Allowable Load ste ips Allo Note: The use of 2 croup area calculation should be made in tension capacity problems whenever the anchors in the Group have areas less than or equal io the minimum acceptable spacing of Roar Ras listed in Table 6. 42 The use of 2 larger capacity it cal culated by the group area mothod is acceprabe only when sufficient re inforcement in the form of bars or mesh is used to assure the group area development Problem 3. Determine the allowable shear lead for an embedment plate with 6 anchors spaced as shown, Eccentricity is negligible Anchors Concrete fe = 2060 psi | weight Anchor Capacity from Table 15 Sue = 19.99 Kips ‘Spacing for Full Capacity R= 1.80 from Table 16. 2 zoo Spacing shown does not mest requirements. 4. Corner Anchors (Anchor 4.) Have 2 reductions 2 Interior Anchors (Anchor B.) Have 3 reductions Reduced Capacity due to an edge distance of 1” from Table 17. = 7.78 Kips Fue = 4 (1999-2 (7.75) ) - 17.72 2 (19.99-3 (7.78) ) = =6.70 11.02 Kips Allowable load 5.51 Kips: 2 Anticipated failure mode = Concrete (sec- ondary reinforcement needed)‘Tne behavior of this group of anchors should be checked by a group calculation, Using the same area approach as used with the tension group in Probie 2., the follow ing shear group calculation can 2 made. Area= Ay + 2Ao7 2 A A Ate ‘or 3000 psi normal Area of corners (4) from Table 17 weight Af 208 sq in) A, = Area of end netween anchors (2.1) VTS BIST 6.25 eq in Note 3.0" ¢ = Maximum of 4x Dia, Stud A; = Area of side (2) (4) VES 250 sq. in Area of Base —_ 40 sq.in ioe 56.15 sq, in. Solution: Actual Area= 38.19 sa. in Thecretica Aves ~B anchors x Alc 5x209 1254 sq. in 59.16 $8.16 - 44a 448 (6 anchors x 19.99 kips/anchor) ~ 93.73 Kips Allowable Loac=5373- 26.87 Kine 2 The lerger figure arrived at by group cal- culation can only be acceptable when suf ficient reinforcement in the ‘orm ot bars or mash is usad to assure the group sroa development. Problem 4. Combined loading Determine the allowable oad on the bracket shown. Anchors = 9" « 7349 Concrete = fie = 3000 psi Normal weight Shear force taken by each anchor = Su 6 Bending taken only by the outside anchors Moment = 4 Su = 16 (2) Pu. where Pu is the tension component on the outside anchors, Fu Su 8 trom Table 5.. spacing full tengion capacity ~ 4.610R 2 320 6 trom Table 9., tension reductions = 3.69 Kips Puc =[23.86-(2) 3.69]= 16.48 Kips trom Table 17., shear reductions = 0 Kips suc -[18.99-0] - 18.59 Kips Tension Cone Contrals (Since interior anchors are not siressed in tension, they are considered 10 have the same value as the outside anchors} Equation 16 Puls _ (Su Be) -(& ‘sua \*s . /S aS (7.59 x 10%)9)+ (894x109 % = 1 Allowable Loag 828-474 Kips t Failure mode indicated: Concrete. Additional einforcement to bring the connection inte the ductile failure range is indicated Problem 5. Combined Loading Determine the sliowable laad on the bracket shown. Anchors = #2" x 7549 Concrete = fe = 3000 ps! Normal weight ‘Shear force taken ny each anchor Bending taken only by the outside ancho: Moment = 4 Su = 76 (2) Pu, where Pu is the tension component on'the outside ar Pu= Su 8 Reduced edge distance anchors, 2 reductions, De= 4.0", D on sides, Te 30" From Table 6. spacing for full tension ca- pacity 4.510)‘COLUMN From Table G,, tension recuictions De - 4.0, 369 Kips De=30. 551 Kips 28.00-(3.69 - €.61)] = 19.56 Kips From Table 17. shear reductions (nene) De= 40, 0 Kips e=30, 0 Kips Agu -[Suc] - 18.99 Kips Equation 16. Sus (9.22 x 10°) * (B34 10% = 1 gui = 1985.11 Su=792 Kips Allowable load = 7: 37.6 Kips Failure mode indicated’ Conerate Additional reinforcement to bring the connection into the ductile failure range is incicated, 8.0 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS Short Form Specification — Embedment an- Chars shall be Neison headed anchors with fluxed ends (or approved equal). Studs shail be automatically end welded with suitable Nelson Stud Welding equioment in the snop or field on spacings indicated on the draw- ings. All welds shall be made in accordance with recommendations of the Nelson Stud Welding Company, Lorain, Ohio. Welding Specifications — All weld plate ma- terials shall be clean, dry and free of pain rust, oll or other contaminants. Plating, if re Quired should ba done after completion of welding. Two studs should be welded to plate material of the sarre type and thickness Deing Used for embecment at the slart of each shift to check for proper weld setup procedure Test welding should be done in the same position being used for production. Test ‘welds, efter cooling, should be bent by ham- er 45° from the vertical position without faire. Non-faiurs of both studs indicates that the weld seiup is satisfactory and pro: duction welding may be started Inspeetion Requirements — After welding t= ceramic ferrule sould be removed irom each stud and the weld fillet visually inspected. A fillet of less then 360° is cause for further inspection. Such studs should be nammer tesled, bending the stud 15° from the vertical toward tne closest erd of the embedment plate or stgel member. Bending without fail- Ure indicaies a saiisfactory weld. Bent studs may be left bent When studs are welded to steel plates members with temperatures below 32° F. one stud in each 100 should be te: bending 15° from the vertical. Warning Welding should not be attempted when ine base mete) tengerature is bolow O° F. or when the steel surface is wet or exposed 19 falling rain or snow TABLE 23. Steal Plate Weld Base | _ Plato Diameter | Thickness 250 (125) a7 (187) 500 5 (187) 25 45 ( 250) 750 %s (318) 875 % (375) Minimum Plate Thickness Required For Full Strength vel Weld 12.8.0 STANDARD STOCK ANCHOR DIMENSIONS, ACCESSORIES AND RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT A oy > Lengtn BW. Stud Dia. Length, B.W. | Length, A.W. PartNo. | Description | D A | | (Betore'Weld) | (after Weld) be rea] ee rene | n [ a7 | 500 2M 2 { 101-083-083 | Y4x4%4 HSL | ay 4 Tor des 0S % | 287 ap 4 107-053-045, 8, a Ti-0ss-Oa7 | Ex2e HL | | ate 1000 2p 2 | 407-083-602 ai 3 101-053-003 a 4 167-053-005 a 107-083-008 8 @ 1eraseo10 8 ‘ To1-08G-012 % | ae | 1250 2h 101-053-019 ey @ 109-088-028 8 101-088-008 | 4, x3%-5 &% % | Min 3%] 1250 3 014-098-007 | % x-45.6 S3L 4 101-098-011 | 34x 5¥45 S3L 5 s01-098-015 | 3) x60 S3L & 401-098-019 | 32x 7%6S3L 7 101-098-023 | 4.x 854¢ SL a TOY-0B-029 | Te xare SAL | | Min =| 1375 7 3h 101-098-031 | % x-4%4e SOL 4 107-098-035 | 75 «5342 S8L 5 101-098-039 | 7% x 6¥%5 S3L 6 i Tax Te S3L 7 i 7px Bie5 S3L, 8Stud Use Ferrule Diameter Number Chuck 700-106-007 | 501-004-003 [SO0-00T-OTS 100-196-002 | 601-094-006 | 602-002-001 | 500-001-018 % 400-108-008 | 501-004-008 | 502-002-001 | 509-001-085 ‘375R_| 109-103-011 |S01-004-D08 | 502-002-001 | 600-001-085 '375R_| 100-106-005 | $01-04-008 | 502-002-002 | 500-001-088 375R | 100-106-004 | 601-004-014 | 502-002-009 | 500-001-088 S75R_ | 100-196-904 | $01-004-01¢ | 502-092-902 | 900-091-088 780R_ | 109-103-012 | 601-004-01« | 502-002-002 Stud Use Farrule | Diameter | Number | _ Chuck Ye | 100-107-005 300-07-014 ? 5 400-101-008 ‘500-001-018 ip6-101-010 602-002-007 | 500-007-065 300-101-012 503-002-002 | 500-001-088 100-101-043 502-002-908 | 500-001-088 91-149 | 501-08.020 | 502-002-009 |600-001-06 Stud Use Ferrule | Diameter | Number Grip Foot Chuck 501-003-008 | 502-002-001 501-003-010 Far Ses 300-105-003 | 507-004-009 yourheson Fle Ege RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT & ACCESSORIES: POWER RECOMMENDATIONS. Ampere N.E.M.A. SON Ballery Unit Unit or Equal For Welding4.%4 or) 400 LSON NS-20-Stud Dia. Stude to | “Rated Genoraior or ) Welding Unit faces ) For Studs V4" through (Part Ne. 796-015 000) ; Stee through [er He 792015000) ar Walding thru) NELSON 2000-4 (ki creneniied fer Pe Dia. Studs in t Fow ir Petewcen Healer Flat of Angie and 94" dhameter Helding 78" Bie 1 600 Ampere NEMA / ie sue nudls in Fillst or { Rated Generator : ine Un alo Ane or Eau \ 799-340.000) tose Fave 46 ° iREFERENCES Insustial Rerenreh or Cannserione for Precast and In Sits Concrete” Petar Courois AGI, Publication S°-22, Paper SP-22-10, Re 1as-85 1268 Prestressed Corciete Insitute Ousign MancbOOK, AN mous, Section 6112, Ghicega, 1871 McNachin, PJ, Suter. RG. and Fisher, JW. “Heaced Step Anctors under comsinan Loading “AISC Engines fg Journal Senons Qusver 1073. PP aS5e Nelson Stud Wislsina Company. Nelson Stud Pr Ne 82, Aenon No 15-18 Concrete Anchor Taste Nes, 1680, Nelson Std Welding Company, Nelson Sus Project No B.2, Repo No. s950-21. Concrete. Anchor Taste No.6, 1686, ‘Davelapment Lengin far Anshar Bolte,” Jehn & Breen, Ganter for Highwey Researen. Sroject 24-05-09, The Ua ty ol Texas, Apri, 1268, Z.Neten Stud Welds Company, Nelson Stud Projec No, 802, Report No Tse6-9. Concieie Anchor Tests, No.7, 1986 necol, GC. ano Sluter A, G, “Aeseaten an Cor: posta Gosig? at Lehian Lawersity.” Proceedings. Navona Enginesring Conference, ISS. Uy, "481 Oguard, J. G. Sutter. RG anc Fisher, J. We, “Shear Strength of Siue Sanmeciars in vightwaight and Norma Weight Concrete" AISC Ensireerng Journal, Vol. 3 Apel 1371, pp, 55-54 PCI Committee on Connection Details, “Summa 2: Basic in'ormation on Precast Conereta Connectors FC: burnal, Decambar, 1958, Vol 14, No.5 Buikting Goce Requirements for Reinforced Concret (ACI ST8-71)," American Concrete Instiuie, Detror. Mi Febeuary, 1971 Goble, G. G. "Sheer Sirengtn of Thin Flange Corrpeste Speomens” AISC Engireering Journal, val & No 2 pri 1968, PP. EDs, aiia ance se fees ERS anes BASE poe eee Biase Bop aPeceey came Sane = Hn co sso Barensieioce ar Sega Fidos sesame Jee bane Beulanaeaat General otices Taco West Ridge Read P.O. Box 4018 Eyre, OH 44098 2018 Ph:2/85290:00 Fax: 2169290525 Tolex: 7407383 NEL UC o Inara ieee ie Frewistae Sit ot Teaser seen Eta o TRV? Nelson Stud Welding DivisionINDUSTRIAL - DATOS TECNICOS DEL DISENO ENC CHILE LTDA. NELSON* PROCESO DE LOS PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLESINDICE PAGING Elomceso 2 Cotdones de soldactra 8 Sistemas dé parrOs BUOSOIABES .ascnmnnan A4 Plants soldadoras 8 } Disefio de peinos auoscidables 5 Condiciones de la supsttcie y colocacion de pernos... 9 Seeeccién covecta del sistome de sakledo § Soldacun para per7se ae alumni é Seleccién da pernos § Andlisis de costo de los equines 0 Fernos standart para solcadura de arco 7 Pesos pars codacuie 00 Iniegrado tm r 7 EL PROCESO ‘ pernos autctodabiatitizar os memos fis bésicea y stopedadoe metsorgicae 2 Svaguler proceamienta Ue sokladura ce aco, En ‘ses arncipos, un arco elstiea controiado es 3 drat apt fal del pom © dot a, Sond Leeperto: autoceldables son usados en rates best de ace teplad, de aoe0 non dat jurinig Ls pares pueden ser alread Eacrtev ener year sz seuonaelgain 4) Unate> Samaria coosad0 real esoion en coptien 3e “uote anon Sistemas y fuentes ce poder i i as aplcadoras do pernas autosedabes ce! Gevaroe tomate formas. o lipas, 8 ove Ierainonte evetar centos de alls, sn embargo. ddeber ser labrcanes con materiales adecuedos paraozte rabsiey una do ls exromoe dobo cater Aisonao para = Muchas plas a= ealéar convereinnales puerden ser usadae pare bere eutovodabes, sunque se tecomencebe ut sespecialnerte Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597PRINERO DE TRES. SISTEMAS COMUNES DE ARCO ELECTRICO SISTEMASSISTEMAS DE PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLES ¢on) ® ‘SEGUNDO DE TRES SISTEMAS COMUNES. CAPACITOR DESCARGABLE DE ARCO DIFIGIDO ‘ale oo eros con arco descargabie I elanar un mayor acter descara veniaias. sr. iniciando elaica elec urate en el metal denetao y f proceze co eo cade queda fomnac Este ssteya ordain cmliol mas prec te operacon de souada, hacienda jes el corral dal fempo de fulo Etectvarnents dado y us eonules de lj ¢ ica fueron trasiadades ol Senta aes romaeraders, di ep enles que el corto de ns] mportsncia i a yy CCapeciter descarcable de arco aitalco — AN TERCERO DE ARCOS DE GASICICLO CORTO ‘TRES METODOS CONUNES ‘Se han desarolado técricas 2at\orat CAPACITOR mtr sadaie erie quse DESCARGABLE : capacter descercanle pa sulosaldanes, ncomera L ills la onorgia ar ssooctores y sorte ‘cero yen shrring. Senco ga g-an 2 aust de utero eros Autoscloab sy abricados 2a suaerlow de ols sre extreme Susie os mangos y las ar alprocesa de ootadtoo de oe capactores. rogues protserancia rasenta une als sbstorcla ala erergis aimieoenaoa, Sroauccion estandar Jha inenstdad do coriante erica relate por un peviode corto de temo. via Ge aie alctnea,Elsslenle cor c's cota apleasien imiaca, eobieg a gue nore! Uuizan peros de diameta red.odo y para alos en materaes delgacos, cuando nc oa! Oe a pieza a lraha es el ports por (ae = sudan sin gus tenes privores) ps! la resistencia eel saldase. Loe Nelson vairara ios cierios oe yy confabla quo sti y tocasidaces de apt rtadotas manuales semiauio sutoniticas para soldat perros Srcuantan ceporbee pars sereae vaste 20 [camo se dames, nie be maverte folesura unions o> to pom, Una ventsja espes ‘capacitor deseagable netacion de temperatu {in delos pernos ‘rslodo an materia rratiales con rscubr ‘puesta a solder ‘eeclen del ets dal métndo de nie de Vie baja penetra. ‘opera usa’ este Bre delgado y on to en incara Ssslmias go aimertacon matoas y automates na fron) de mato sn ex Capacitor dascargabie Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597© DISENO PARA PERNOS AUTO- SOLDABLES METAL BASE: dacos ar alumina. eten y abe materiales espoca: ones une consderanones:(1) Tamara de 2 apicacora. EI [soceosinos demas det2"(@4rm resem SELECCION DEL METODO CORRECTO DE SOLDADO el us0 de eoldadura co aco elgetic, (2) G Gel mista a coldatire de arco mfegiago nomarerte 2 uoada cusnde si mete tenor Serm) Para mayor caibre, je usar peinos auiosos: indsena acecuach de Splendor pesca dei mater ‘Sonsos pueden ser used yesea tompleo 6 "26 de aluminictamben Sealers oe ot 925 jenso de capaci: £80 oon e26te, BN y ro galianizado, (4) Tp 6 puedor sor usadles para pe tales como claves. emee DISENO ADECUADO DE APLICADORAS-- ‘SOLDADURA DE ARCO ELECTRICO PARA PERINOS. 330) perio ulin asegutara ua sodagura mas resstatte que e inisro perna Cuando la resistencia ne fo pineal el asparor er 15 del dlgmeto del pena DIAGRAMA DE VARIANTES ¥ SELECCION DEL PROCESO PARA PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLES F'8 2 ico asta 009 pljadan G23 nm, res 32005 plgasas (82.3 mo vol dal pore 9 noeeabia Do's piseoae (0m) 9062 pulgadas (es 25 ug de 16 gad (32 Gol saoron experi hs ctdon 2 08 adel come pineal SeOG CUBES Oras>| sb pnan oo>> cach wade BusseSELECCION DE PERNOS ® IMPORTANGIA DE LA RELACION DEL ENCORDADOS: REQUERIMIENTOS DE ENERGIA DISENO DE LA APLICADORA ¥ &L fag oar rarasas ir TIPO DE PERNOS A SOLDAR CON icles de producti. riquslarae Oras tenis eet separibies Esher cuv cantdad do energia ees SOLDADURA DE ARCO UDeowoss civaumotagesanga es) teceaie eam slosado ys aco Eirreledo de pers eubsodebes, permite queet oe Se ek plas soldnoras ui “peta base sen bastarte Gl mrereace Para mayor intr ‘mm para aeeroy 5 sb Wael Brora vernal al eae) u20 oe parece poe scisacura de arco meytado, e" ratesies dz Zaibre cecado, causaran ‘ates a oor cela léina Ey materaies MAE SneH0s. CALIBRE MINIMO RECOMENDABLE DE PLACAS DE ACERO laelasion no ce caret. elses" SIGE" DE ALUMINIG PARA FURR PERHIOS COW METODO DE SOLDADURA DE ARCO. ESTANDARIZACION os pemos estander Nelson, orn las raspuastas mas economicas aia mayor ce los ‘querimenton, Cuasian menos cue los disefiog aoe TTT ame, | tt aus 38 aeedRedpesccsmasccwmas | of 2) eee i a )) wae ees ieee: ee COMBINACIONES USUALES DEL METAL BASE Y DEL METAL ‘posible programe: la macuiia'ia pa‘a fabricaciies DEL PERNO AUTOSOLDABLE Fig 5 tamer especiales ales 270 perorar Sansversatneile,ranurarseblar earagent@ cetersn amensones Se wae pance = == steal? Pd ls Gnensoas cer pepsi PEE anaes ort me soa eases Sora, comitcie 7 is sewsinisau snes 6.5 tioy | fev era i) Hentas NEES, 130 ae “acerg inovidabie, Serie 30¢ (2). SELECCION DE LAS mace nai 0.08 ia DIMENSIONES DE LOS PERNOS aaa poate treats omit crit oa eater ceTone na! Denes tee seen ates ne NL etna tee sonaiap amin i Los pemos pars soldadura de arco eléctnco, se r = ete 8 (Sint 3 Aegoones ae alan sis 160.3029, Asis do uric 1°00 ee ee gens oecsaene sa i Saas eae Figg | MATERALES: z a 5 [Eh Les peves de ace alngo caruin ode aoa ierlado, quan deta do lines rezenbios {pr raava sana G-o23% Mex, P-0Os Ma Mg CaN Mac S-0050Max fp) Asses roadablee Los avo nancabins ak orunmerte uss son de as cates $08.53 (Guorgades de ons rasta nin sar 30 evan dscolos on oxstenca (exceia SS - 03) 4 acts 32 do sarere ie nasia 22.2 ce didmeve 254. Smasde damero Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Fie. ceo s0otops Soseuce to0pei 1000038 bau, (asi kse9 ——_B00pst 700009 12 nase bene 800 psi 50.0000 Para mayer eraser corsa # Rag ce Parnas autos dele e ESPECIFICACIONES PARA PERNOS: Las micas fegias geretales que se epican a tegoe ics procesos para soldadre oe arco reiales. Ismoien se apican atlas perros De Las mas comunes op! [sadas pasa rola 32 3 Tabricadas can aneros al Daj wa fubrea rin of tension de (Bo) yuna tunrss mms = (060 psi (345 MPa} Loe tbr descarcabh ale’ ‘anlcadoras fabicadas 07 aceres temalacae C-7008.6 6.1010 Ls usr too, Magnest-airi sicio-lumna y alas dleseiones no farses, nebo ser consulta cusrss ‘de pares a8| como de es mires = La igura 2 onleta les matoraise das con oc ‘pace acecuacos pare dearea slatrca o fa arco integra. PERNOS ESTANDAR PARA SOLDADURA DE ARCO ELECTRICO ACERO AL BAJO CARBON. {55,000 ps! minim. Basico, 200 psi minime pars produscidn eh 2B neh 31 nents yazoune Tit lbs Ys 2RUNE Bic ene 8 UNC WS tts Snb 24 UNF Writes aaTEUNC Pies. am 2c UNE Dn ics me13 UNC 824 toe 7620 UNF a tee vz1auNc Sti. 1220UNE Title Bier T UNC 120i ibe BIeleUNF ag tits 3e10UNC za te ibs BaTBUNF Dep ibs 2e9uNC a0 he FersuNe soe ke rune sep its. TIaUNE baie, Cazadero pet ca Fegan Toa 8 Ox resto eto conecon cana uerza de rsen feat META erasenade [Povaiten sone ar ime onl nga srgaupessazaees PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLES PARA SOLDADURA DE ARCO INTEGRADO Acero al haje carbén - $0,000 psi basico. Considerar 35,000 psi ‘Ac210 inoxidable ~ 75,600 psi basico, Considerar 30,000 psi ‘Aluminio ~ 21,000 psi basico, Considerar 20,000 psi Fi 78 a2 UNC aagunc | 705 1057208 43000 aD tozsunc | sm 1.305 «3k eos bee womune | 4. vor a nt ees] uuezoune | iss 237 900 jo st aa iaauvE | ¥BI0 278 76 12ers 724 Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597ENERGIA PARA CORDONES DE SOLDADURA SOLDAR @ o¢ sulosoldables woqueren de ura a Les pornos pueden ser Beef: 5010203, no excads el dameye maxime reduceidn er la resi on la base Ue metal react, para que a chatlan ia apiadora, La eraoin pata (0) Material selador (=) Gavana tee 003 igara, mayor cue é Gamers del parse Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597CONDICIONES DE LA SUPERFICIE Y COLOCACION DE LOS PERNOS SUPERFICIE DE LA PIEZA A TRABAJAR Le supercede la plaza a taba cabo e=tar irra, sca, sin pi 37> ocic0 greSay abel, FOWve, Ze 9 cuaique’reauprimientc. La Superines da aluminio, cuando Satan ovdadas, debersn ser prev amente imoiadae ‘SUPERFICIE DEL CONTORNO csrae da pornot avieolas fo con Gapaciot doscaroat ue vilzan eoidedirs do son mis eleatvas 9 aa arco elécrico angulares. dependiendo d Felstvamenta grande ael me ‘Petal funcico, debe ser ane ‘queston Consulta as nguras 12 pertines euvas © ata ia retencidn de un charco ‘i qua rete = 28 COLOCACION DEL PERNO: receamienta mas Seguro y comun para colar os pornos, es Enbesry contr it apleadora sobs 2 neva rabalar 0 colozar ra ‘iravés de dichas \dader es sempre 15 de peers, wste re Sr tjadas com pomas autosoicanies, erie atraves de plartias 0 ental asi el marear ede se esata cuando ot ma ae oanm) {6.4 mmo orese durante ol eoldade El oo varas piezas silane imandabe soleatas di sordiones arsuamerte poo (Gebde aque los casaul ones, este metodo 70 flararcia ra deba exeeder de ngura 19A nos mostra ‘abseada de Masonite de 18" se espacies pormiton el easape de os 3 paramere ce lan perforacones fen diame maximo de asouilo puede 5 ulles, a auande no deter a co por ua grapa sansa frmaross. se utizs un 8 Jantll. oval permite sueter = ce grape tana asqullos con ol Bue ae iz lanai iss, Gatiod 2 que SciD es meee ‘casaulo enrespondiante 3 ‘Samatie ieee del buje 9 de = pant Ge O10" .25mm.) mayo: cue el de planta ‘abo ser apragmacamen'e 1 exterior dol je adeplaser PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLES DE ALUMINO PERNOS AUTOSOLDABLES DE ALUMINIO: El items basico para pornos autezaldasies do alurino, c= Usa pata io: perros soosolsebks ce acera lemplan. Las fuentes utosoldabies y os Ssdopindar cepenis) zara © corr puroza (argon 0 Mel) par sf lectrad> postive y het Loepamns de aun anen tpgueren dal use do fungents= 09 3 Ta pala soldady vere un sete expos 'y ayuda aestatlece aio Secure de shim ‘abst oor pol porta de soldacura. {ue sive para inet ge Fequerida para fr hase da soldat vs amore y 90n sim favo, chavesas, suelagcres de a ystiedad ee mecions Emm jhasia ta 12> yloma alos petios eo sce. c acacia interna y extern, Les porncn de alummn son cominanta Iabricados con uta al 0 aumne ym tevende una resistencia ais fo #0000 psi (275 MPa). Estas sleasiones lenen gran re Ge ductidady son meta Stas alate tess ‘Se na proved que ones son pxcoiertes para a Se perros aulosaitenies demosirsnco estaplidat e arco y SSseiviad an fedatpo ae sataacionae En general toes ss series 1100 20005 comiderades excelent r gtuess mimo de gua 2 para vecomencacones DISENOY LA FABRICACION OCHO CONSEJOS PARA £1 4.Elmatal nase done sor saicanle 2 Ocho selsccioraves e! og adecvaide. 3 Latelacion entve el dane base. esetenca) 4 Fluse de eplcadares sta 5 Lanscosioue co aconecs iphetse en mente 6. Eluco de una planils come gua asequrara las tepeclicaciones de tslerancis 7, Las superises de rabsjo dobon estas linplas y secas 6. Elcenlome dels superice puede ser un lactorimporarte SOLDABILIDAD DE LAS ALEACIONES DE ALUMINIO fl pein y el rueso del 4 redcn os easton ‘lands sodado debe Fo Alescienes biidad fares | alesctonesbiidas—fero Ersoerte 90 Pobe ns Powe si Ercowre Oe Prcosrte sso Etcsens A buss Excoerte use fore, Slontonsrb ee mayor namact, ‘Sdarannas dr dons aos abit nap0 co: STOS Y EVALUACION DEL EQUIPO pa ve as ce consid os cos, os 2 onan ounohiaonsuancias cue son conloment S03 compara anlar & (0s Denstcosiripotnt Gromurateueeepraiaatecs dation incluyen \Spronas ine de ivecores ere Sa pproduciidadyotees gran font da casa foreland cue ps paral i autoeoldabies si Fatal aes fg sein aba gee S060 8 a actableaas gue sonore kesncee one Seeheycalsednds cngeras ones ide comparar la reiacion de ‘penstic, gen reason a okros pRODUCTO: BPLIGAGION ESPECIFICA: MEDIDA ACTUAL: \ InPLIGRDOR ACTUAL CAR NELSON SUCEROO UAL) Aro DE UNUADES REQUEFIDAS TANUAL) eTOoo \ 4. costo ESTIMADS RETUAL NELSON A MATERIAL i 1 \ 2 \ ac \ SUBTOTAL UNITARIC \ SGosto DE OBRA 1 1, Deecta—__——— \ Sonia ‘SUB-TOTAL UNITARIO \ © costo TOTAL Ill + HE) | Cop TOTAL DE 20000 UNDADES = taterit de tabale 2002") } uequiro PROPUESTO PARA EL [ESTEMA NELSON ‘valor: y. AECUPERAGION DE LAINVERSION oy yteTODO ACTUAL __——— UTI DAD BRUT! .MiNnt© \ tae def yalor doh ealPa) \ itipge auTeS De MEUESTS i] oe RAS ANTESDEMBUESTOS? 5 — | ro 5 “VALOR DEL ECUPO | | ZOE TEUDIEON Bor sussiges en mon) Scans ndos meine ses enpoo| te para contirmar a jperacén de la ters (AO) 35 cue imparan les ses, penada de liquitacion para a Lee, tiliee a fora ie toma tannin den Bepresntoios de versa Nsom eee eterminar el convenaria de eur guecoldsbiee exis eee moimeeeance es RestaSISTEMAS Y FUENTES DE PODER Meir Se amremete Gata acters ieee bate yous oat ver gue es oa SISTEMAS DE ALINENTACION MIXTA, MANUAL/AUTOMATICA Los sistemas de produccon Nelson. euosoiaties con mecaners leno electonina neureat= vn sporan confiablidad 2h lou mr co polar fe custtan con una aple-adora poet je poser son conto y un almertador. Et ian lca indices vidad sence al misme tempo po sl usa 2 ai 20 68 ( 10.) dst el arta T0008 ns satos gaa ei sldado ¥ el conto, esicomo linens aéreas. ‘SEFIES NELSON 7000 sores estan elsponioe Bara mayer nlormaces UNIDAD DE PODER 090 de Equipe Estar TRANFORMADOR -RECTIFICADOR NEDELO 100 LaSete 7609, Mode 100, es ur unidad oe poder totalmente requlada de uso ruco, disenada ‘pera sr vena en obra para ijer perros Siimettos grandes y on ale volumen industial. El sonliolde covert se aisia graduainente entre 403 y 2400 Amperes, Eetos modelos permitan fiar perosentesitsly 1"de ciamerocon peasy {yenforma repeliva cuando so usados con ‘bqlioos Nelson uctras marcas de equipos DC parapemos auto solabes uOficinas Generales 7390 West Aidge Read PO Bor cone CH #4098 2019 15.329.040) Fax: 218.308.08 Telex: 7207888 NELW UC Bae ine, Bifioeraecrnen ass. cel en a) ue a a eis pa en Bees Sonata fe SN see no ne SDE FABRA ne ww ‘WWineen Sao WITS renee ee ‘TRW Nelson Stud Welding DivisionContenido ar eer ry peopel pane peorerrern tra perserner rarer panera paerecia Pacey Boe porno Sea ern Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597 El proceso Introduecién Composician de la construccién Anclaje pare Concreto Elgctrico/Mesanico Precoladas y areter Remodelacion Refractario Facias, Alslantes, Formas de Concteto, Almacenaje de Cimbras, Clavacoles Rieles, Esmeriladores, Andamios, Misceléneos Ventas y Servicic oeResistentes y Mas Rapides Construcciones con Pernos Autosoldables Nelson Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Componentes de la Construccion ri) Peer ernie pee eran eee Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Anclajes en Concreto peurten Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Electrica/Mecanica parte oe Mee a aoa Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597ee epee rtd Pree tse ey ae Ee aoesy - Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Refractario "ya aaleosion adeeuade da ipo chide barra Ge solcadure Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597Facias y Recubrimiento Formas de Concreto/ Cimbras para Almacenaje Reed 12 or la mars e oeGruas/Rieles Guia ei 0 de acetal eres Elyria Export - Tel: 216.329.0400 Fax: 216.329.0597 . |Ventas y Servicio Nelson Sent 7800 West Ridge Read P.O. Box 4019 lyre, OH 44035.2019 Tele: 215.328.0400 Fax: 216.909.0505 Telex: 7407888 NELW UC ee — wre Seow nn it ee Satine Ft cere gee a ae sau Been a aoe Ban Bedgrere te 68 ‘Papbtnitho Mama SV 11 Mary Thala cases, See ei Ree Beer Sees ee = Bec teeters Bence ou meee i pe Be onal Sana em ae Pa Euan te ssp Saat ae Fite symm on Bie ie 1 Beas saws Shot Ree Elon eto eee | ag oe. ee RS sin Exes oe Oo FOMatel Boge ioe Re ae none te = Seed ig ?ace Ener Yt a. me MUeSNE FR SH SEE, SRS tee mune riod sperasunoansns rannin NREL neon ‘TRW Neleon Stud Welding Division Oo