| HOLMARG aH @ Instruction Manual Cornu’s Interference Apparatus Model: HO-ED-INT-027 MMW Rolmarc.com idehianrin-oaanernaitanamnia Product Features Holmarc's HO-ED-INT-02 is an educational instrument for studying interference by Comu's method. ‘We can determine the following elastic constants ofa transparent bar, Young's Modulus. Poisson's ratio Rigidity Modulus Bulk Modulus Res Getting Started a. Quick Start Guide Please check ifthe followingitems are present while the insirumentpakageis delivered, Corus interference apparalUs ........... 7NO 6. Acrylic bar... .. 1No 2. Sodium vapour lamp - 7. Weight hangers .... 2 Nos. with power supply .. 1No. 8. Weight .. 1 Set 3. LED's with Power Supply 4 Nos. ‘8. Plano convex lens ........ 2 Nas. 4. LED Mount ......... - 1No 10. Optical flat 1No 5. Glass bar .... » 1No ‘11. Plane glass plate 1No b. Safety Instructions © itis best that students work in low light dust free atmosphere. © Care must be taken while handling all Optical Components. © Always keep the equipment in a moisture and dust free atmosphere. Ol Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. LtdEyepiece Focus adjusting knob Micrometer Objective Piane Glass at 45° 1 eRONS Hoimarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Lid Seene s Transparent Bar Weight hanger Weights ‘Sodium Source Plano-convex Lens 02www.holmare.com Fundamentals Aim: To determine the following elastic constants of a transparent bar by obtaining hyperbolic fringes or elliptical fringes. Elliptical Fringes 1. Young's Modulus 2. Poisson's ratio 3. Rigidity Modulus 4. Bulk Modulus Theory : When a plano-convex lens ‘rests on a uniformly bent glass bar, an air film is formed between the two surfaces. On illuminating the air film with mono- chromatic light, a system of elliptical fringes (longitudinal and_ transverse) around the point of contact of the glass baris obtained. Fo. Arrangements for Pans comvexlane Timar see By measuring the longitudinal and transverse curvature, Young's modulus(¥) and Poisson'sratio (6) canbe determined. 03 Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. LicWhen a beam is bent symmetrically under the action of the two loads (m gram each), the Young's modulus isgivenby, Y=31(m, - m,) (L,L,) / Akbt’ (L,- L,) where | is the distance between the weight-hanger carrying the load and the knife edge near to it, m, and m, are the two different masses, i. is the wavelength of the light used, kis the definite number of fringes, bis the breadth of the bar; tis the thickness of the bar, L, and L, are the mean (D’,,, - D’,) for m, and m, respectively in the longitudinal direction. By plotting the graphs ‘diameter square ( D*) against the number of fringes (n)' formassesm, and 1m, we can obiain the Young's modulus as, Y= 3] (m,--m,)/ Hbt (cot 0: cot 6,), where Is the distance between the weight-hanger carrying the load and the knife edge near to it, m, and m, are the two different masses, 3. is the wavelength of the light used, D is the breadth of the bar; t is the thickness of the bar, cot 6, and cot 6, are the reciprocal slopes of the straight lines obtained by plotting the diameter square (D’) against the number of fringes (n) for m, and m, respectively. Poisson's Ratio 6 6=(T,-T)X6L,L,)/(L,- b)X (TT) where T, - mean of ( D’,,,-D’,) for m, in the transverse direction. T, -mean of ( D’,,,-D’, ) form, in the transverse direction. L, -mean of ( D’,,,- D’, ) form, in the longitudinal direction. L, - mean of (D’,,.- D’,) for m, in the longitudinal direction. Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Lid© = (col ®,- cot), / (cot 8, - cot 8) , where the subscript L and TT are used for longitudinal and transverse directions respectively, Rigidity modulus is given by, n= Y/2(1+o) } Bulk Modulus, | B=Yn/9n-3¥ ‘Note: For plotting the graph you can take the scale as, X axis tem =2 & Y axis 1 cm =0.02x 10° m Theory : ‘When a rectangular glass plate rests on a uniformly bent glass beam, an airfilmis formed between the two glass surfaces. On illuminating the air film with monochromatic jight, two conjugate systems of hyperbolic fringes (iongi- tudinal and transverse) around the point of contact of the glass plates are obtained. 05 From the graph the Poisson's Ratio 6 is given by, Hyperbolic Fringes im ee souce bia erengement for l Comusenseriner j naa ia. Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. LtdBy measuring the longitudinal and transverse curvature, Young's modulus(Y) and Poisson’sratio (6) can be determined, When a beamis bent symmetrically under the action of the two loads (m gram each), the Young’s modulusis given by, Y= 31g (m,- m,) (L,L,) /Akbt' (L,-L,) where lis the distance between the weight-hanger carrying the load and the knife edge near to it, gis the acceleration due to gravity, m, and m, are the two different masses, .is the wavelength of the light used, kis the definite number of fringes, bis the breadth of tte ber; t is the thickness of the bar, L, and L, are the mean (D’,,, - D*,) for m, and m, respectively in the longitudinal direction By plotting the graohs ‘diameter square ( D’) against the number of fringes (n)’ for masses m, and m, wecan obtain the Young's modulus.as, Y= lg (m;-m,)/ Abt (cot O, - cot 9.) , where Lis the distance between the weight-hangér carrying the load and the knife edge near to it, m, and m, are the two different masses, 2. is the wavelength of the light used, b is the breadth of the bar; t is the thickness of the bar, cot @, and cot 6, are the reciprocal slopes of the straight lines’ obtained by plotting the diameter square (D’) against the number of fringes (n) for m, and m, respectively. Poisson's Ratio o=(T,-T,)X(L,L,)/(L,- b,)X(1,T) Hoimarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd 06where T,- mean of ( D’,,. - D’,) for m, in the transverse direction T, -mean of ( D’,,,- D’,) form, in the transverse direction. L, -mean of ( D’,.,-D’,) form, in the longitudinal direction L, = mean of ( D¥,,.-D¥, ) form, in the longitudinal direction. From the graph the Poisson's Ratio 6 is given by, 5 = (cot @,— cot @,) T/ (cot @, — cot @,) ‘The subscript L and 'T is used for longitudinal and transverse directions respectively. Rigidity modulus is given by, n= Y/2(I+o) Bulk Modulus, B=Yn/9n-3Y i: Experimental Set-up. 1. Fix the objective and eyepiece properly, 7 Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd2. Place the Comu's interference apparatus in front of the source. ty 4h 3. Mount the plane glass plate and fix it on the Comu’s interference apparatus. Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd4. Align the glass plate roughly at 45° ta the incident beam. |S | 5. Fix the weight hanger hooks symmetrically on the glass bar /acrylic bar and suspend the weight hangers. 6. Place the test bar symmetrically on two knife edges on the stand and adjust the distance between the knife edges if needed. 09 Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Put. Ltd7. Place the plano-convex lens at the center of the test bar. Looking through the eyepiece ‘obtain clear elliptical fringes. Fine focus adjustments can be done to obtain clear fringes. Equal masses are added on both weight hangers to repeat the experiment. 8. Adjust the glass plate at perfect 45° to get clear fringes. We can adjust sit of the source to control the intensity as per needs. Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd 1www hoimare.com Procedure 4. The microscope is moved in the longitudinal direction. The cross wire is made tangential to the 20" dark fringe on one side (say right) in the longitudinal direction. The micrometer reading is taken, 2. The cross wire is then made tangential to the 18”, 16", 14”... and 2” dark fringes on the same side and the corresponding readings are taken. Then the cross wire is adjusted tangential to2", 4" ...and 20” dark fringe on the other side (left) and the corresponding readings are taken. Then the diameters of different fringes are calculated. 3. Similarly reacingsin the transverse direction are taken and the diameters of differentfringes are calculated 4. Thethickness’d of theglassis measured using the screw gauge and its breadth ‘b’is measured using vemiercalipers. 5. Using the formulze we can find the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio. Using the values of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, rigidity modulus and the bulk modulus B can be calculated. 6. Graphs are plotted and Young’s modulus and Poisson's ratio are calculated from the graphs also. it Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltdwww.holmarc.com Measurements Least count of the micrometer = OS, Longitudinal :- 2°80F 27332 236 139% | Las 2-350 a le wl |) Siar: BIR whew inl QF gad 4, Ah | agate 213? a1e6 .| 3 0st Mean Di, —D¥, for m, L, ~ Mean D’,,, — D*, for m,, L, Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd 12| www.holmare.com, Transverse :- L | 62 5 | 083 | pst oe SOE ree | peerage | 1°09: Bey 2 | on | ret I ros | rae £ | +s 7 bres | | 6 “gi (ho ES gS NS |r | 3 | ae | rs : o S95) hid G¥ TT pea [se =| a Mean D’,,,~D’, for m,, T, = Mean D',,—D’, for ms i ig Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt Lidwwwholmarc.com Thickness of glass plate using screw gauge Value of a p.s.d = Distance moved by the screw for 6 rotations Pitch = Distance moved / No. of rotations = Number divisions on the head scale nee Least Count, L.C = Pitch / No. of divisions on H.S Zero Correction = mm q Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Lid 14 5 s———e— Breadth of the test bar using vernier caliper Value of one m.s.d = .......mm Number divisions on the vernier = Value of one vs. ee LCO=imsd-1vsd= Zero Correction = _ Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd1. Comu’s Interference Apparatus 2. Sodium vapor lamp with Power Supply Input 230V /50H2 Power saw Wavelength... §89.3nm 3. LED's with power supply Colour Wavelength (nm) Red 630 Blue 590 Green 510 Yellow =~ 405 Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Lid Items included & Specifications 164. LED Mount 5. Plane glass plate Type Citoular Diameter 0... 50mm Type Square, Dimension 45mm x 45mm 6. Test bar with weight hanger hook | Material : Glass v4 Dimensions: 300mm x 40mm x 2.80 mm Material : Acrylic 4 Dimensions: 300mm x 40mm x 3.10 mm 1 Holmare Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Lid7. Weight hanger with weight & Plano convex lens Focal length 758mm Radius of curvature ... 392 mm Diameter 50mm Focal length 4000 mm Radius of curvature ..... 516.8mm Diameter 50mm Holmarc Opto Mechatronics Pvt. Ltd je)