NATIVISTIC REVIVAL
 Superstitious and miracle-conditioned peasants
revered their leaders and believed them to be
endowed with supernatural powers
 Many resistance movements had a quasi-
religious character
 Example:
RUPERTO RIOS in Tayabas
 He said he was the “son of God” and gave his
men anting-antings which were supposed to
make them invulnerable to enemy bullets
 Box with the word “Independencia” on top of it
– when followers proved themselves worthy, he
would open the box and they would have what
they have been fighting for which was
independence. A people can only be worthy of
freedom if they are willing to fight for it.
APO IPE
 Felipe Salvador (colorful and highly effective
leader)
 Joined the Katipuneros when they arrived in
Baliwag, Bulacan and fought with them
 Santa Iglesia (Holy Church) – if they fought
bravely and were faithful to the Santa Iglesia,
God would turn their bolos into rifles
 He gave away/sold crucifixes and rosaries to
followers
 Long hair and long clothes
 He warned that a second “great flood” and
would destroy non-believers. After the flood,
rain of gold and jewels.
 Religion became a manifestation of rebellion as
well s a natural morale-booster for the mass of
Filipinos who needed some supernatural
sanction and assistance for their unequal
struggle
 Apo Ipe promised the peasants ownership land
(gained their faith and loyalty because he
treated them well)
 Some peasants regard him as their own Robin
hood/ Messiah
 Success in recruiting followers spurred the rapid
expansion of Guardia de Honor
 Followers came to his funeral after he was
prosecuted by fiscal Epifanio de los Santos and
sentenced to death by Judge Francisco Santa
Maria
 Renacimiento Filipino pronounced him guilty
only of exercising his own rights and that history
cannot condemn him
PAPA ISIO
 Dionisio Magbuelas
 Principal Resistance to the Americas on the
island of Negros
 Fled to the mountains and joined a group of
remontados called Babaylanes
 Babaylanes became a political group actively
fighting the Spanish rule
 Elite of Negros Occidental decided to fight the
Spaniards, the Babaylanes helped them but after
that, the elite had installed themselves in power
and promoted peace and order (drive directed
mainly against the Babaylanes)
 Elite opportunism contrast with mass willingness
to die for freedom and revealed the elitist
orientation of the Aguinaldo government
 Negros elite took control of their province
 A week after, the provisional government was
already asking that the province be made a
protectorate of the US
 Raised American flag in Bacolod. Why? Americna
trrops had shelled Iloilo city causing great
damage; nine days later an official delegation of
the hacenderos had arrived in manila and was
urgently requesting maj Otis to send troops to
Negros to protect their lives and property
(Reported that Babaylanes had been burning
haciendas)
 Republic of Negros happily welcomed American
military occupation
ANTI-FOREIGN, ATNI-ELITE
 There developed in Negros a civil war/class war
 Babaylanes led by Papa Isio (anti American)
burned the haciendas and destroyed the mills of
pro-Americans
 They demanded equal divisions of the lands
(land hunger), no machinery (laborers were
replaced by machines) and no sugar cane
(before sugar cane, they planted rice, tenants
were less dependent on their landlords because
they had their main food item)
 Papa Isio was a fanatic, a charlatan, a tulisan and
his followers were robbers and murderers who
terrorized their countrymen into supporting
them
 He tried to start a general uprising fter many
times of defeat, but he realized people were no
longer supporting him so he surrendered was
tried and died
THE “REPUBLIC OF NEGROS”
 President Aniceto Lacson sent Aguinaldo a
telegram informing him of the establishment of
the new Provisional Revolutionary Government
of Negros
  Negrenses wanted nothing more but a nominal
affiliation with Malolos
 He appointed Juan Araneta Brigadier General
and Politico Military Governor of Negros;
Araneta accepted the designation and took over
the gov’n from Lacson
 Aguinaldo still tried to win over the elite, wooing
Araneta and company instead of focusing on the
real resistance movement
PULAJANES IN CEBU
 Led by two brother Quintin and Anatalio Tabal
(they wore red uniforms)
 They believed that their anting antings made
them invulnerable to enemy bullets
 They could not be defeated as they had the
support of the population
 The Constabulary chief of Cebu, Col Taylor
decided on a twin policy of reocncentration and
attraction
 5K folks were relocated into 14 barriors, each
surrounded by stockade
 Farmers emerge each morning from the barrio
concentration camp to work their fields
 Col taylor tried to fain their goodwill by
obtaining work for them on public works,
distributed vaccines and other “benefits of
civilization”
 So since wala na food, recruits and supplies, the
Tabal brother surrendered
PULAJANES IN LEYTE
 Faustino Ablen (illiterate peasant who assumed
the title of Pope)
 He claimed to posses supernatural powers and
sold/distributed anting antings and holy oil to
cure any treatment
 Promised that after they defeat their enemies
(americans and filipino who side with the
americans) he would lead them to a mountain
top with seven churches of gold. They would
find their dead relatives, alive and happy and
lost carabaos
 Again, we see the promise of deliverance from
poverty. The people were poor; the fight for
independence had meant for them a hope for a
better life without foreign oppressors.
 Rebels threw into the fight as many as five
hundred to a one thousand men
 The fought fiercely, hand to hand combat, bolos
were more deadly than guns
 Major General Leonard Wood rushed four
battalions of the U.S. Army to Leyte. This
overwhelming force finally broke the back of the
resistance
DIOS-DIOS IN SAMAR
 Papa Pablo remained in the mountain focusing
on building an army
 At first people adopted the wait and see
attitude, but when new regime brought same
corrupt officials and new taxes they joined Papa
Pablo’s group
 The pulajan movement in samar was
strengthened due to arrival of Enrique Dagohob
whose strategy involved the destruction of all
coastal towns and barrios to focre the people to
move to the interior where they could be
induced to join the movement
 Gov’n retaliated by ordering reconcentration in
two camps
 Sixty bolomen each had two bolos attached to
their wrists, others carried long poles with
burning torches in order to burn the grass roofs
and force its occupants into the open where
they could be chopped down by the bolomen
 Samar was divided into two sections
 They first went after Dagohob, he was killed and
his followers surrendered
 Groupd of Nazario Aguillar agreed to surrender
but it was a ruse because they suddenly
attacked (suicidal attempt)
SPIRIT OF REVOLUTION ALIVE
 Throughout the first decade of American
occupation, the faced of stability barely
concealed the resistance that continued to rage
in various parts of the country
 Most of the resistance groups (quasi-religious
ones) did not have clear political programs
 People manifested their protest thru these orgs
which in a primitive sense sought freedom from
foreign rule
 Authorities were always on the lookout for new
outbreaks of unrest
 Masses were still restive, still responsive to any
movement that rekindled in their hearts the
revolutionary spirit of the Katipunan