Physical and Chemical

Properties
Holt: Ch 2, Sect 2 and 3
Fusion: Unit 3, Lessons 2 and 3
What is matter?
• Matter is anything that has mass and volume
• States of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist
• What are the states of matter?
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Physical Properties of Matter
• A physical property of matter can be observed without changing the
matter’s identity.
• Examples of physical properties: color, odor, mass, volume,
magnetism, ability to conduct electric current, strength and flexibility
 More examples of physical properties
State- is the physical Density- the mass per unit
Thermal conductivity- volume of a substance
form in which a
the rate at which a
substance exists such as
substance transfers heat.
solid, liquid, gas.

Ductility- the ability Malleability- ability

Solubility- the ability
of a substance to be of a substance to be
of a substance to
pulled into a wire rolled or pounded
dissolve in another
into thin sheets
substance
NOT physical properties

•Never use weight, shape or size to

describe matter
Density revisited
• The density of a substance is unique to that substance
• Determines if a substance will sink or float
• H2O has density of 1 g/mL, any substance with a density greater than
1 g/mL will sink, less than 1 g/mL will float
• Liquid substances will create layers depending on densities
Physical Change
• Actually making the change
• A change in matter from one form to another without a change in
chemical properties
• In other words, physical changes do not change the identity of the
matter
Examples of physical properties and physical
changes
• Physical Property • Physical Change
• Boiling Point • Boiling
• Freezing Point • Freezing
• Melting Point • Melting
• Condensation Point • Condensing
• Evaporation Point • Evaporating
• Ductile • Stretching into wire
• Malleable • Hammer into sheet
• Solubility • Dissolving
• electric conductivity • Moving electricity
 Continued…
• Physical Property • Physical Change
• Flexibility • Bending
• State at room temp • Change of state
• Brittle • Shattering
• Magnetism • Magnetic conduction
• Thermal conductivity • Moves thermal energy
• Color
• Odor
• Shiny
• Dull
• Hardness
• density
Chemical Properties
• Chemical property – a property of matter that describes a substances
ability to participate in chemical reactions
• Examples of chemical properties
• Flammability – ability to burn
• Reactivity with acid
• Reactivity with water
• Reactivity with oxygen
• Reactivity with other elements
• Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to chemical
combine and form one or more new substances
• Characteristic properties-properties that remain the same no matter
the size of the matter
• Characteristic properties can be both physical, such as solubility and
density and chemical such as flammability and reactivity
Chemical Change
• Chemical change-when one or more substances change into entirely
new substances with different properties
• Chemical changes are the process by which substances actually
change into new substances
• Chemical properties describe which chemical changes will occur.
Chemical Changes
• Signs that indicate a chemical change:
• color change,
• odor change,
• production of thermal energy (heat),
• production of cold,
• fizzing,
• foaming,
• bubbling
• Sound produced,
• light being given off
• Precipitate formed (solid)
• Oxidation (rust, tarnishing)
• Chemical changes change the identity of the matter therefore is very
difficult to undo
• Composition-type of matter and the way the matter is arranged
• To determine if a physical or chemical change has happened, ask
yourself, did the composition of the matter change
• EX: H2O is 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom whether it is a solid,
liquid or a gas.
Difference between physical and chemical
properties
Physical Chemical
Can be observed without Not easily observed and changes
changing the identity of the the substances into something
substance new
No reaction takes place A reaction takes place