ASIGNMENT NO#1 PAK-301

NAME#MUHAMMAD SALMAN
ID#190411287

QNO 1:-How do you see the Two Nation Theory of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah and

Allama Iqbal? Justify your Answer with at least five points. 10 Marks

SOLUTION

SIR SYED AHMAD KHAN AND TWO NATION

Sir Syed Ahmad Khan said:

“Hindus and Muslims should try to be of one mind in matters which affected their progress.” He

was in favour of separate electorate for the Muslims in 1883 saying that the majority would

override the interests of the minority.

In a letter to Mr. Shakespeare the divisional commissior of Benars Sir Syed said:

“I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims could never become one nation as their religion

and way of life was quite distinct from each other.”

MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH AND TWO NATION THEORY

Quaid-e-Azam said: “Difference in India between the two major nations, the Hindus and the
Muslims are thousand times greater when compared with the continent of Europe.”
Quaid - e - Azam further said:
“India is not a national state. India is not a country but a Sub-continent composed of
nationalities, the two major nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and
civilizations, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of
value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social moral codes, customs and calendar,
history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are fundamentally
different. By all canons of international law we are nation.”
On March 23, 1940 in Lahore, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said:
“Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different
and distinct social orders… The Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious
philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine together and,

indeed, they belong to two different civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas
and conceptions”.

ALLAMA IQBAL AND TWO NATION THEORY

Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad:

“The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the European countries. India is a continent
of human groups belonging to different races speaking different languages and professing
different religions. Their behavior is not at all determined by a common race consciousness.”

Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a separate state of the Muslims. In his
presidential address to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, he said:
“Personally I would go further…. I would like to see the Punjab, Khyber Pukhton Khowa, Sindh
and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or
without the British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated Northwest Indian Muslim
state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North West India.”

Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a separate nation in every respect. His own words
in this regard were as follows: “We have a population of seven core among all nations of the
sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of all the nations inhabiting the country,
Muslims are the only true nation according to the most modern definition of the world.”

Q NO2:-What is the impact of Allahabad Address (1930) presented by Allama Iqbal on

the Muslim politics? Justify your answer with at least five points. 5 points

SOLUTION
In Allahabad address Allama Iqbal told about the feelings

Of Muslims of India. In this address he had also shared

A concept that Muslims were a distinct nation with their own values, ideology, beliefs, religion,

and culture different from India so, they should be given separate homeland and identity. He said

that Muslims have a different religion (ISLAM) in order to pass their lives according to Islam

separate homeland is important. Muslims were totally disappointed. On one side the Hindus were

creating hurdle for Muslims, and they were hunting them because Hindus wanted that Muslims

propose Nehru report as an eventual constitution of India. On the other hand, British government

disappointed Muslims they ignored the rights of Muslims. Muslims were ignored in all aspects

including education, and other political issues. In these life-threatening situations Iqbal realized

that the above problems need to be addressed. Allama Iqbal said that Punjab, NWFP, Sind,

Balochistan should be aligned to make a separate homeland.

In 1930 Muslims developed a sense of different identity and this speech of Allama Iqbal

motivated them a lot so, they started feeling independent and developed different kinds of

political demands.