Quantom Physics HW3

NTHU IPS MATH & PHYS 淤淤恆 IPS PHYS & MSE 偉志志
2017/12/07

1
In the system of two spin- 21 particles:

ˆ 1 1
S⃗12 |m1 , m2 ⟩ = ( +1)h̄2 |m1 , m2 ⟩
2 2
 ⟩ 1 1⟩  1 1⟩  1 1⟩
where|m1 , m2 ⟩ =  21 , 12,  , − , − , , − , −
2 2  2  2   2 2
1 0 0 0
using them as basis : 0  1 0 0
0 , 0 , 1 , 0
0 0 0 1
since ⟨m1 , m2 |m′1 , m′2 ⟩ = ⟨m1 |m′1 ⟩1 ⟨m2 |m′2 ⟩2
if m1 ̸= m′1 or m2 ̸= m′2 , then ⟨m1 , m2 |m′1 , m′2 ⟩ = 0 ⇒ orthogonal
if m1 = m1 and m2 = m′2 , then ⟨m1 , m2 |m′1 , m′2 ⟩ = 1
′
⇒ normalized
 
1 0 0 0
ˆ 3 3
⇒ S⃗12 → h̄2 00 10 01 00 = h̄2 I4
4 4
0 0 0 1
Every vector is an eigenvector of 34 h̄2 I4
→ in particular:        
1 0 0 0
0 1
 , √  , , √  1 
1 0 1
0
0 2 10 0
1 2 −1
0
are eigenvectors.

2
(a)
Ĥ is independent of time.

⃗ = −gq Sˆ1 ·B
Electron: Ĥ1 = −µˆ1 ·B ⃗ = ω0 Sˆ1z
2mc
⃗ = −gq Sˆ2 ·B
Positron: Ĥ2 = −µˆ2 ·B ⃗ = −ω0 Sˆ2z
2mc
Ĥ = Ĥ1 +Ĥ2 = ω0 (Sˆ1z −Sˆ2z )

1
(b)

−iĤt
Û (t) = e h̄

1
|ψ(t)⟩ = √ (e−iω0 t |+z, −z⟩−eiω0 t |−z, +z⟩)
2
e−iω0 t
= √ (|+z, −z⟩−ei2ω0 t |−z, +z⟩)
2

{
|1, 0⟩ ω0 t = nπ
→ n is odd.
|ψ(t)⟩ = |0, 0⟩ ω0 t =
2
nπ
→ n is even.
2

3
(a)
N++ +N−− +N−+ +N−− ⇒ Every possible situation.
1
|0, 0⟩ = √ (|+a, −a⟩−|−a, +a⟩)
2
P (++) = | ⟨+a, +b|0, 0⟩ |2
= 12 | ⟨+a, +b|+a, −a⟩−⟨+a, +b|−a, +a⟩ |2
= 21 | ⟨+b|−a⟩ |2
= 12 sin2 ( θ2ab )
P (−−) = | ⟨−a, −b|0, 0⟩ |2 = 12 sin2 θ2ab
P (+−) = | ⟨+a, −b|0, 0⟩ |2 = 12 cos2 θ2ab
P (−+) = | ⟨−a, +b|0, 0⟩ |2 = 12 cos2 θ2ab
C(a, b) = P (++)+P (−−)+P (+−)+P (−+)
= 12 (sin2 θ2ab +sin2 θ2ab −cos2 θ2ab −cos2 θab
2 )
= − cos θab
(b)
⟨ (1) (2) ⟩ 2 2
Sa Sb = h̄4 | ⟨+a, +b|0, 0⟩ |2 + h̄4 | ⟨−a, −b|0, 0⟩ |2
2 2
− h̄4 | ⟨−a, +b|0, 0⟩ |2 − h̄4 | ⟨+a, −b|0, 0⟩ |2
( ) 2
= 21 sin2 θ2ab +sin2 θ2ab −cos2 θ2ab −cos2 θ2ab h̄4
2
= h̄4 C(a, b)