Temperature Stability and Humidity on Infant Incubator
Based on Fuzzy Logic Control
W.Widhiada T.G.T. Nindhia
Mechanical Enginnering Department Mechanical Enginnering Department Mechanical Enginnering Department
University of Udayana University of Udayana
Campus Bukit Jimbaran Bali, Campus Bukit Jimbaran Bali,
Indonesia Indonesia
62-0361-703321 62-0361-703321
wynwidhiada@unud.ac.id nindhia@yahoo.com
IN.Budarsa
Mechanical Enginnering Department University of
Udayana
Campus Bukit Jimbaran Bali, Indonesia
62-0361-703321
nyoman.budiarsa@unud.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Premature babies were born need to be placed inside an incubator
to keep its body temperature and humidity in a certain condition.
In this paper shows the design and implementation of baby
incubator using intelligent control to keep the temperature and
humidity. The particular incubator uses an Arduino Mega 2560,
an Arduino Uno, an DHT22 Sensor, and an LM35 Sensor . Fuzzy
Logic Control has implemented inside the Arduino Mega 2560 to
keep the maximum overshoot oscillations and to keep the error
signal under 5%. The desired temperature is around 36˚C and the
humidity around 80% to 60% RH value. The research is
conducted in two sessions, one without a load and one with 2 Kg
load to simulate the weight of a Baby. The testing result of
incubator without load has achieved the stability level which it is
quicker than with 2 kg load. Overall the maximum overshoot and
the signal error on both research accomplished with the set goal is
under 5%.
CCS Concepts
Applied computing➝Life and medical sciences➝Consumer
health
Keywords
Fuzzy Logic; Arduino Mega 2560; Arduino Uno; LM35 Sensor;
DHT22 Sensor.
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ICCAI '19, April 19–22, 2019, Bali, Indonesia
© 2019 Association for Computing Machinery.
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-6106-4/19/04…$15.00
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3330482.3330527
IN Gantara
University of Udayana
Campus Bukit Jimbaran Bali,
Indonesia
62-0361-703321
antarasss@yahoo.com
IN.Suarndwipa
Mechanical Enginnering Department University of
Udayana
Campus Bukit Jimbaran Bali, Indonesia
62-0361-703321
suarnadwipa@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
A rapid development of health technology in some cases has not
reached many developing countries. Because of this, in many
developing countries highest rates of Infant mortality are recorded.
Infant mortality rate in Indonesia is reported to be the highest
occurrence of some ASEAN members (Association of Southeast
Asia Nation) which is 4.6 times higher than Malaysia, 1.3 times
higher than the Philippines, and 1.8 times higher than Thailand
[1] . In Indonesia the factor that contributes to the high number of
infant mortality rate are babies that born prematurely. A special
treatment is required for a Prematurely-born babies. Because they
need to be in an environment that around 35-36oC or stimulate the
temperature of an environment inside a womb, an Incubator is
necessary for this treatment. According to Infant incubator is a
tool that has the function to prevent hypothermia or conditions
where the body difficulty in regulating cold temperature pressure
in newborn babies especially premature babies or have low birth
weight (BBLR) by warming the room temperature to be able to
maintain baby's normal temperature [2]
On a previous research that conducted by on the control PID
system of temperature stability and humidity on Infant Incubator
based on Arduino Microcontroller it takes 218 seconds to reach
temperature 36˚C without load and 246 seconds with 2 Kg load
[3] .
In this research, the Arduino Mega 2560 and two merged Arduino
Uno have worked with Fuzzy Logic aided by MATLab/Simulink
software. The Advantage of fuzzy logic control does not strictly
need any mathematical model of the plant. It is based on plant
operator experience, and it is very easy to implement. In this
research, comparing temperature result has got with load and with
2 kg load. The temperature and humidity has achieved stabile as
soon as possible with small error signal and also small overshoot
oscillations.
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Design
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The design of the baby incubator is consist of two main parts, the
lower section box and the upper section box. The lower section of
the box is a housing to locate Arduino Mega 2560, Arduino Uno,
relay, AC light dimmer, adapter, incandescent lamp, and fan.
While the upper section of the incubator housing LM 35
temperature sensor, DHT 11 temperature sensor, incubator
mattress, and incubator bottom cover. The geometry of the
incubator is length = 65 cm, width = 45 cm, and height = 45 cm.
The 3D baby incubator design can be seen in the picture below.
Figure 1. The design of a baby incubator 3D model.
2.2 Research materials and Instruments
Acrylic is a plastic that has some characteristic of glass, but more
superior in some way to glass. One of the superiority of acrylic
than glass is the flexibility of acrylic, making it easier to cut, bend
and forming a shape without breaking it. It is used to cover the
incubator system.
The DHT22 is a low cost digital temperature and humidity sensor
with a single wire digital interface. It uses a capacitive humidity
sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits
out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed).
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
devices with an output voltage linearly-proportional to the
Centigrade temperature. The LM35 device has an advantage over
linear temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not
required to subtract a large constant voltage from the output to
obtain convenient Centigrade scaling.
Multiplex is a layered plywood that put together to make a board.
Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies" of
wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers having
their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another.
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega2560. It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can
be used as PWM outputs),16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware
serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. The Arduino Uno
is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6
Analog pins, and programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be
powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery, though it
accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts.
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The Incandescent Lamp here is used to generate heat for the
incubator. The set up for the incandescent lamp is a 3 lamp that
mounted parallel 10 cm apart from each other in a straight line.
The use of a 100 Watt powered lamp is to fasten the heating of the
incubator to reach its setting point. The module that control the
amount of AC voltage which is applied to the lights being
controlled using the principles of PWM (Pulse Width Modulation).
Fan is used to distribute heat to lower or gain heat if the
temperature not in the range of the setting point.
Adapter / Power Supply used to power the circuit block with a DC
voltage power source. The Circuit Block needed the voltage and
appropriate flow as for the requirement from the DC voltage
source. Relay is a switch that can either open or close the circuit
by using an electronic circuit. In the earlier design, the relay will
open or close and electric flow to the power heater.
L298N Motor Driver is particular motor driver as a similar
working principle as AC light dimmer to control the fan speed as
desired. The main function of this LCD‟s to display the number of
temperature and humidity from the DHT 11 temperature sensor.
2.3 Control Block Diagram
The use of Fuzzy Logic control in the microcontroller is to
accelerate the time needed for the system to achieve its setting
point and to reduce the signal error. Fuzzy Logic is a superset of
conventional logic that has been extended to handle the concepts
of „completely true‟ and completely false‟ value [4] . To adjust the
temperature inside the incubator, the amount of light and heat
generated by incandescent lamp is controlled by the AC voltage
control circuit to either dim or intensify the light and heat. Then
the temperature sensor pick up the heat and feed it back as an
input for the Fuzzy Logic control as a comparison for the setting
point that has been set before.
Then the microcontroller will process both variables to determine
the next course of action. The result of that process will be used as
an input to determine if the light and heat should be dimmed or
intensify. In general the system formed is a negative feedback
system. The parameter setting of the Fuzzy Logic control itself is
being tuned as the research progress to determine the best result
[5]. The contain of humidity level of an baby incubator were
measured with an ultrasonic nebulizer systems [6]
Figure 2. Fuzzy Logic Control Diagram in
MATLAB/Simulink.
Design and implementation of infant incubator was created using
PID control in MATLAB/Simulink [7]. The parameter setting of
the Fuzzy Logic control itself is being tuned as the research
progress to determine the best result. The parameter in the system
is the input of the system which is temperature and the output of
the system is the range of which the signal that will be received by
the light dimmer.
of the incubator. The value of the temperature is set at 36˚C and
the humidity at around 60% to 80% RH value. 4 LM35 sensor
will measure the temperature and if the average number measured
of those sensor is greater or less than the setting point, the
microcontroller will send an error signal. The error signal will be
pass through to the Fuzzy Control Logic in which then forwarded
toward digital output of the Arduino to give command on Module
AC Light Dimmer to either turn on or off the incandescent lamp.
This system is a closed loop which continuously repeated until the
set time is over. The first conducted test is without load.

Figure 3. Input Fuzzy Logic Control.

Figure 4. Output Fuzzy Logic Control.

Figure 5. Flow chart of research.

The flow chart of incubator research design is shown in Figure

5.The design of baby incubator is drawn in the software Auto-
desk Inventor. This design is base on constructionn of real baby
incubator as shown in methods research. To control the
distribution of temperature and humidity inside space of incubator
need fuzzy logic toolbox. This control has a prefosional control to
achive the output responses. The resulsts of output have
demonstted in MATLAB program. There two of indicator
variables to control the valid results such as signal error of
temperature and maximum overshoot.

2.4 Testing of Baby Incubator

The incubator test is conducted in 18.000 seconds to simulate a
working product in real situation with or without a load. The
researcher put the sensor 15 cm from the front plane of the
incubator, 12 cm from the side plane and 30 cm from the base of Figure 6. Testing of incubator without load.
the incubator, also the distance placement of each sensor is 10 cm
apart. This placement of the sensor is to measure the whole area

157
Then the test with load is conducted. The setting point and the
time this research conducted is the same as without load test. The
only difference between the two is now there‟s a load of 2 Kg to
simulate the weight of a prematurely born baby. The setting point
and the time this research conducted is the same as without load
test.

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Results of Testing the Incubator
Prototype without Load
Figure 7 shows that the blue line represent the temperature chart
increases to 30.4016 ˚C at 0 second, then the temperature become
steady at 215 seconds. The red line represents the humidity at 0
second that it is 78.5% and start stable at 330 seconds. Figure 9. Average Temperature Graph in Incubator Test
Without Load.

Figure 9 is the results of system response analysis using

MATLAB/ Simulink software obtained the following parameters
[8]:
1. Delay time (td) = 98 seconds
2. Rise time (tr) = 192 seconds
3. Peak time (tp) = 198 seconds
4. Maximum overshoot,

5. Settling time, ts = 218 seconds

6. The average error signal, ̅ ∑
Figure 7. Testing of incubator without 2 kg load. =

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continue in double-column format. The two columns on the last
page should be as close to equal length as possible.
3.2 The Results of Testing the Incubator
Prototype with 2 Kg Load
Figure 10 shows that the blue line represent the temperature chart
increases to 32.1287˚C at 0 second, then the temperature become
steady at 238 seconds. The red line shows the humidity at 0
second that it is 79.5% and starts stable at 415 seconds .

Figure 8. Temperature and Humidity Graph in Incubator

Test Without Load.
When the temperature increases, the percentage of the humidity
begins to fall. This is because there is less moisture in the air
when the temperature is high. As soon as the temperature and
humidity becomes steady.
Figure 10. Temperature and Humidity Graph in Incubator
Test With 2 Kg Load.
Similar with the test without load when the temperature rise the
percentage of the humidity start to go down. This is because there
is less moisture in the air when the temperature is high.

158
 Absolutely there some of incubator articles are published,
unfortunately there are just a little bit have used intelligent control
to keep the temperature distribution and humidity. On the future
the author will be develop a satisfactory of baby incubator using
hybrid control.

5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research publication/article‟s is supported by the united
States Agency for International Development (USAID) through
the Sustainable Higher Education Research Alliance (SHERA)
Program for Universitas Indonesia‟s Scientific Modeling,
Application, Research and Training for City-centered Innovation
Figure 11. Average Temperature Graph in Incubator Test and Technology (SMART CITY) Project, Grant #AID-497-A-
With 2 Kg Load. 1600004,Sub Grant #IIE-00000078-UI-1.

6. REFRENCES
Figure 11 is the results of system response analysis using [1] W. D. Astuti, H. H. Solikhah, and T. J. Angkasawati,
MATLAB/Simulink software obtained the following parameters: “ESTIMASI RISIKO PENYEBAB KEMATIAN
NEONATAL DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2007,” Bul. Penelit.
1. Delay time (td) = 90 seconds
Sist. Kesehat., vol. 13, no. 4 Okt, 2010.
2. Rise time (tr) = 202 seconds
[2] C. M. Galvão, P. B. Marck, N. O. Sawada, and A. M. Clark,
3. Peak time (tp) = 203 seconds
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[3] H. Mittal, L. Mathew, and A. Gupta, “Design and
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Development of an Infant Incubator for Controlling Multiple
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= [4] A. Ganguly, A. B. Lane, and P. Singh, “DESIGN OF
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11, 2013.
[5] W. I. M. Taha and -Mohammed Elnour Supervisor,
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