线性代数的几何意义（任广千，谢聪，胡翠芳编著）西安电子科技大学出版社

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CMTS AEM, SS PERATURE SS Ak Ae CHHRE AAA, HEME HAM TA, FRE, TRA. — EP IRATE AA a SEEPS PAS EZ IH FAT EAT 0 FETT He wR aT FFE, BR, SRAM AGE T AAA RAR, FRB Fess LA ESE ZT A JUL PRA Ay “LE ULE ASL ALMA JL SEU” BIRR LAAT as We CAPR) SUPT, FARA LATTA AI RL “TRA”, ZO ERT UTR IL REI, ART APSR EN ROR. (EE, ZB 54 ==2H RAIA LITRE WUT EL, “CT BLP Oy OS AR IAS. AAT HS AS Ta, VOHMMRAT . AAR, VS Jal. BPA eS A EL FT, SMA. MMMM A, eR ATA “TNE” NH, ER IT? EB. A oh eR FASEB, (AVENE DT LTE RR, BA “WEBEL” 1X — URS a rE (eA, SSM kA TA,Bette CB TAT 3B TUSHAR APDER, AERATRA—KRF BA EH AST, WA TAT AMF —— A OY AR, HAVKT RASA, & 1683-4 ea ‘Seite Cok ee FOE RA OA T itt 80 4200 (P.S. Laplace ) 3& Tfepi me GARATHORMRA LL, RA MTAARFEEAR P RAAT RAEELARAK), AMABRAFAMYIA, AMFBMTUATLBEMMS, RARCAARE SOAK BRM NELLA PEM, (TMARMA HA A DOM PEM, TARE AT AR TRA, RITE Us BARIUM E LAA RMEL, ERATI AOR, EAA ORAS AR) 7 IMELLM, ARAB— FTAA RA, a 3.1 {TARE Gorse (Ar Me Ht TTS BIT. RR, RAT RPAH UATARME—TSTR. CARLA ME, RAL SRP ITE Ke EEA CARER A, BUI 5 HHL), TITER PR KANE PU, RAGS — TM, BAAS HL. PARA, LAX OMTBI, SPMTARELA n PATIL. PRITAM T OMT HOE GREW RIE PMO 7 TIRE, BORE A IMT EA PARLE), WPT ETH ME. 5 EP AH RM EATS ay Rio, ARMNRG MEE (1) Brash: lal=a OMT WARET RK AS. SUH, a TEM, TAR ANIC S ARES ATES» Q) —wrTalst: “[bal= a3 [bi] = abs ~ ab, META EARN? ARR EATCR. HE, 4x b= (€,54p545)x (Bysby,B,) = (Ab, —Asb, » Ab, — ab, » by — gb) HA ARIA, ABLE SOL ERRATA REI 3) Snerwist: JA 42 5) b, b, lb, &, b |= 2s) I 1 Ds +a, 2) = abye, + abc, + a,b,c, — abc, — a,b,c, — a,b,c, Ir | ler 3] er | as 56. —_A 3 ie AUT Lal SUM EURO HCE. ES TEIZZ SN RPE AEN PERT, RSE RE, ASU. AMARA ATE, AE TE, MOR 3-1 iF Fe 4 a es « Ne 2 Ch a % @) &) B31 SPAWNED FEAT PUSAN TER AR PHEZE ESSE, EE RA RE SENS OLE 3-1 (a)), WABI PME) AES CLEA 3-1 (b>). Sm FRA DEE (a Th ETE Ay BE ‘CATALIN 3-2 ia, SSMU. PAR, ATH sae Et A HED IG KR, TARGA GEE AA. RMN TRAE Te ML © 3-2 SMTA MAME (4) DuBrer st: lain ia M3 M4 J4z2 Fas Goa [421 Fs Fos 1421 Gaz Fay [221 422 Fos Jay an ns rel _ . = yy] yy sy Aya )— Aya “sy Gy B34 | ry “|Obgy ay ay [231 G3 a3, sy sp 33 A A Gy As lar es Aus 4s Gar Aa ar ar Fas J an as as FFA yyy — My Aggy lyy + Oy gy ly F333 Ayg + 8 Cay. es ~ Fy Fuss Fg yay + yyy — Gy lllye sy Fg ag by, Quy ~ Bn Qa Ay, Qes + Bangs, Fy AQ Qyy — M34y) Aye + yy AF HMA ag + M3 Arn toxZa — MAF Tyg ag yg + Ogg yy 2eq — Meds ay Mens yy — Mey By yy +My, Ay, THE, AERA OOD RANTS, ATT SW T RICA Se ie eR. Ok BABI T USCS JLT AR SE BA f= BNA UO PRP RL, SAE ARC HEE we A Bek. Be, PAMMASUR AH, 7 MATLAB BUTE. IEMTA SUNT ESRD PAE, ERA LER - STBRACE TL Ail at (5) n BMTFIR: ie "a, | yy By Ary = YT Maya, ay, Cin) Rie: Hid, 212-2 MA, x PRM AA, i, RM,2,--- 2 HW iy i) RAR ih) , CABANAS, J, BRK. no MTARN ETE TRE, RRA AAG MRR, AMAA HME. MAMRULSUMTAANELA, RATED RAAT. OTE n WTR SCAT LL MOAT EAR— BME m-L BATHURST CAT ISR ETT SE. IE ne BIT RL TARAS n SRM RBA ARIE, AOE S ch I AVA RE. ZENIT — SH, BUSA TRE, BUTEA, ATHlst cheb AIA REINHART AR AUTRE SR 5 RRC AS ARS} A AT A RAR UL BT HE HE Rac EA ATUL EET AN? ABAE BLA MRR, PPE FLAT URE IE FT UH EN AF BH PT A OR (ATER; “MRL IERE A OTT HSN det BEA 4 FE SRA REEF - 2X2 EM A ITI, 2 TEE GUILE) BEEN TRIS AURORE, SBMERIZ|a, 42] J xoy PLEURA =(a,,a,), B= (b,.b,) A by oe SORE AT OTE A TER: ARP AT eH A TE DIA, TORU, RAF UTE TET Ge Eb TAIL, UT AL. a b Sa’, RRP TOMES SH, UREA Alger. PT Tea Aber, Lh, SVMTARM ARE EMS EE oxye F(A) LIK RATATAT FR. BRS PTAMAHARH ER: 4a, b, cHMGFAM, ARRUIEG: 4a, b,c Fmt APF AM, WAGE. IX RRATA LE n MTSE Mn HEPAT S A A BR. KF AATF HS SUTRAS, ES] DASE ER EAE BER FT AI AR HS BE RP JOR, TERT PR REIMER. SOR hI. ACHE SE BEN BE SG TEL A J dT AR PE} HA ST FA HH HL, {TRE VT BOR ASSENT UU My BRAT RAT SAO AEE CU RE HEE as IRE EEA SSA A aD J A SCA HCE 5.108 HAT TA HL ENC TB) 58. ) AVUAFTERATARNG, TANTS HUET TET ay AP SP RUREH. AUTUMN MAIL. BT Bale" 8 |= abs ab tHE. FE LR RTA ILRI, LPM ASIII. JOR 3-11 HAAR, He nF: a a -£ B]=sx7-2%3=29 GATT BUE 38, MATER 6, MTT. FAERIE, la, b, b= Yasu7-aeaa0 KKABHHRAWRE 35, MABBABF yx BRNBERA MT, MARTE 6, BANTAM. B 3-11 RETA RF REE RAT HEF HO Be OE 4T FU UI AR EDA ALN MR: BERT A ARO TON ARS TA RAR TAR: BAER. ERE FEAT IU LAA] EC, Ae A FR A PFE Se a) PREZ SZ, BUTT THUR AEE A EE eS AY DL BB TNS NE (1) F—4 RUR a, b PL a, SUPT OE ATT RRA EH KT fs (2) Asa, b PNR A ZMBA—TL, WET MNMAAE: (3) DRACLEECL, 0), (0, LyPIRRAYF fr BUI (RUA Ate IE Are TTT IY 1 RSA, ERAT ARE TE AT IUPEAR J fel ESL 3.3 SBMTFIAL TB 3.3.1 SWNT ALB AN 3X3 BERET I SO HAF aR Hy WMATA ZR CE AT JAA RAPT OT. WN 3-12 Ai, Nada, bak iA OaPh. WARS Ha, bYRAT IR. MARR RCT MAE TRA PAT FR FERRE AT OUI, HERING MARIE. SEAR, FTA AR HEP AT PUA PA Fea, b,c ARAN PAT ANTS, 1S OS Fe AT RS TE AT NT PR PR B32 SWAT RR REAM OIA LEA PME RAR A, b CHARA: © Ba, DIKMANE AT WIEN oa Pb MEM a, b LAMAR a x b © FTW oaPh PHAR KAN TTA RARE Ee Sa, DAR (axb)-¢ (HR. 3.3.2 SUTTER LAT ERE OR TRAT 3X3 PRATT Fs AOE ACHE WIR) JLT GET APE. AT BS RRA, BAIL det (APE) MHARRBSUMTAR, PUMIBAL RHI a, b,c, dIRRAS. Stl a, la, By cy Js & FEHR 1 det(a,b,c +d) = det(a,b,c) + det(a,b,d) AT SCAT ELE — PB FL EPS BMT AIA BA MERMM ERAN, IE det HUT, AARC AST IN. JLT eRe ho A 3-13 fra. — cs 2) o Bl 313 AMAL JEL, FEAT IIS det(a,b,c+d) HR= AMG, BMB-MTBR det(a, b,c) AM det(a,b,d) » det(a,b,c) = — aaa3 tr PASCAL ANT SOME SUSCAT DME AT ATES AAR. PA 3-13 Ca) DAR AHH Ba, B, Fk AuHY SPAT, ARATIM det(a,b,e): A 3-13 (b) PAAR Ta, bd TREAT THA, RAATIIR det(a,b,d) « KDE ATHSIEA — TE TAR det(a,b) 6 RPT ANTE OAR HM Ra, b, c+d KRM MIRE TAM MH det(a,bc+d), ABSILA 3-14. FERIADL, BAGEL AR ——AA THA det(a, bd) HARI, PREC (ME—IR—_ A Wits det(a,b,c) Li, FEAR AHEM, HIE SIZ Tt det(a,b,e+d) . SER, “CATH Bifte, d. c+d HRABMN= MEM. S = B 3-14 MEL AURA A LT ES EUSA, LAA RS TERE. 7 AMIGAA RINSE, IR 3-14 78, ABI 3-15 Pima. ae B35 -AriARES ME MEER {#2 © det(a,a,c)=0. TARKANTRAWATRAA, CHCA ANMRGUAS, MATS REANIM T BENS, GR, KPI SHEAR det(a,a,c) AF. UF 3-16 RAR, BANE EAT ATH det(a,b,c) FAYBEEE b DARA HE—EE FES TREE ATE) WEA det(a,b'c). EARTH ANRBEE DT ATI T MRE Ki, HBlb' Sat, BBMT det(a,a,c), PTA MER T —P PT OIE PA 2 3-16 FOMARA TAS — —<—$—$—$—$—— ——.65,BR PEAR BLAS SLATS TARE AAT US EME, WAR ASAE RT, FR Kim MAT» FEA RU 1". TA AEC. ARSE, ARTS AE, FRO, KRM TE. TARA: SMTA ETAT AIA (RAR, MRSC PTAA SEAR AM CA, HILAL BLOAT ATRIA A = A SBS BR HE BE Fe, FAT NTB RA, tae RT” 7, EME. AU, OT ANRRA VTECH, MRA, MTD” HES, PTI TLR, BOIS. —fBE, n BMT AKA ASR n AERESE DG HEN n HE RAR”, SORE ARAB EPA, I Sn BENET” IBALN no] BEDE A ERARCAI RT, “n HEAS BY ARRESTS. #23 det(a,b,c)=—det(b,a,c) » MIRREN TRAE BIN. Ik ME RE STRMMBARAIN, BURR TAIT aT HN RAPT TIER. TOR Re RAIS. As, —-MTSISR deta MEDI NIEME 4 HAR — TA EE. Hi deta WHE, CME TURN — Tat. WIL, RFE T RIE. Seimik, det(a,b,c)=(axb)-c=—(bxa)-c =—det(b,a,c)=det(b,a,—c), ACHR AEB T iA BE 4 DINE, BREET RUE, Au RARE TA, HRT PS Bh 3-17 FUMES TASS ANB) 3-17 Hae, ACME ANTE det(a, b,c) a x b ATTRA FA EATEN: SAR ORR, bxa HAM Saxb HR, HS RARE RTA TH. HDFT ATM det(b,a,c) Aldet(a,b,c) Va, DIRT A WHI RI. TER 4 = — kdet(a,b,c) = det(ka,b,c) = det(a,kb,c) = det(a,b,kc) » SAREE, FAT ATTIRE k RSP ATTRA AIA AB. BORER. (Ba 7 RA RIM HT LE Ce AE SCH ERE, SO 3-18 FAR te a 3-18 EA FUME ELL AR, FTIR kB3H AGLI {HIS — det(a,b,c) =det(a,b,ka +e) « HELA TU a x b WIRD RAY PAT AN TATE @ FLAT TE, ERS ST PARMAR, BAA, HEA. MA 3-19 (a) Aas, BR ASTBIP det(a,b,c) EH IAlhta, b, CHM. Fata RU — MM Wk GaSe MMB ME kate, Shaka, b, kate mT — aE TAT fk det(a,b,ka +e), IX NTS BON TIPE det(a,b,c) FAURE, PATTER. i 3-19 (b) Fim, Wa RU—TVEM ke SR HINER, FIBA. UM, RUB, WMT ATES kA. KATA, (BE ka + © HPN At — RS ita PATO LI, PATRAS NTR Fe © 319 S)TSE RARE ATI AN fERR6 = det A=det A". HERE A AVATAR TPE A PLAYS. RAL, ARIAT SUSU BEAT DL ak on MA FAL RATA, WATE n AAMT AR. WEFT, RLS WMT WRI BAT PAAR AT TC REAPS ce a4 a, ay = abc, + abe, +ahe, —abe—a,he, abc, = a4h,0, rhea, + Gab, acd, bac, Cbd, EXRDUSCLAR EASED. ESE BS SURE TE FE BEPN EN LAT PE SR — FB 3-20 (a), (b) PAPRTG, FE 3-20 Ca) ATARI RAAT EM, FA 3-20 (0b) ATARI a,b,c, VRAD. TARE EES th BES A — Be, BAC bs EAA AE RE. OS | lor oy (a) (b) B 3-20 TRH SE OME Reet ea “n HEAAAR ERA TAM n PRR ORAR ARIA” 61. (% %Deve RB Ua WAR, KR AA TEE: TARE ATI —A TR, (RIT APG AAR, RORMT IRE EE — AIT R, LETE I MAD HR AS DAT POR R TUE. BERR, APC A Ut A. RED EIESI AT ATLA. ALLAT SCAN E BOS BA A NR LAT YA AE PTS SAA Jf ME) — A AF BS SRI RH A ILA SS RATAR BARA TSX, TTT CAPR ATA HVAT RE HE. TREES SEAR BRS ER. g TARE RAPT RR PTA CBA E fa A Mi TOL FATIH; USAR HEL aE AB ot TB — SAE AIRS NS Ot Ee Wm a, a, Ki PAT LY o@,Pa,. BRETT WAD bm EI Ae, RARER A La, + aN 0 MARS oBRPTS ORE URES Kha + kyty tothe, (05 kip yryhy SL) AR. WRI PATS WA HR — RET RS AO BH lb — ES, ER TR oP EAGEA, REAAADMHKRTHR HA EAASERTY KAKU RAZA OE. Sob, BC cia eds A AE BLS 3 CE Be SMARTS, RULER MMA, LAR, KM, WERE Be oQLET, MALRAIMMR, HI RMR MEAT. 3.4 FTA ATE AJL ERE MIA FINE | THY RAB, FLEA 1 ATARI 0, TR MI ISRAEL AR. EMER EMT AAR AA. EMS WMT AA Pee 8 TEAL R. ARCATA E Al A A EF TA “SK” TRS Hy, BOG ETT FERS ATRL SARL ao ATR TORE LR FET UE TOR ULAR 68. —_—_-—-——3 HUST ILM J -RIOWMT IRCA LS ARAMA, FER IRET ARE oA BME, WO RTT. Buk, BAT AMTK (a, a) RA (La, 40) amNs—7T Lb, MATES WR = fash: ; Ie $2 a|_ & ab, ab q b, AAI, NATIT 0, 4 RAAT IIR: RY 46 _ MBIB—TL, ABE A aby ~ ar ja |" ap, oh DP jo Sha SM fai ERRATA WS MIE ALT, We 3-1 AFAR 3 9-1 SON TTISRL ot MARA LTR 1 sae AS LATE FIT A la, ay 1 USP PR PAT LT AT (event ma, BIKAR. Tesi LER 12, 22) I, ba SUUOPE AACE RUB MIR IRIE o@ [FAr ek bb HATS x, Aba MHF CUI), Heb, Ly 0. SEAR, PAN OA REF AT UIE ARAN. ; a, a,b, ~ a,b, 4, EEA TB ITE: ie a, _ a a,b, — a,b] » aby 4, FOUR ALAA PLE BAA ob SrA AR a'a HF x, ABSA. set a, 139 0, eek, = Rrra EUEI. 69.BME UAT SL SMT IA ATE, RSG NARS — PE AE — RB TABI. AKI BAe TE n BATA RRATIN ASR REN A Hs te BT DBE Be AR — An HELI RN LAAT RI. ACR FA AMAT PK RTE UT 3.54T WAAAY LTE 1 ATH TFIEIE BOT (1) ayy, A, SHEAR ILL HAT A JAR “FIERA PEALE T WEF BMT 3.5.1 SYMTURRAR TN LATE AFIT, BERIT AA LE Ma MOTB, WL ABM RAMEE LIN lob, — ah Hr LAIMA NTU? GAB, AP ab, Aap COMMU TIRE. ob, TAN —a,b RVEAANE? 3-22 BA, a, RECN a HE 3, SLE AY HU, b JEIELD Ze x, LMR, gh, TB a tx $1 L:HHLWE AN ex, th ELE KABA. (IEL, —a,b, BUR a ZE x, HE AD b Ze x, Hh ER RNR, (RRR NEBR SBE ASL. "Wisespiatemenenanianis _—— @ 3-22 TUR IAT AIH KEES WMTARN ASK =ayb,c, + abo, + he, — a,b,c, — a,bc, - a,b,¢, » 3 BMT ne eo ~ —71.PEASANT JL AnT ek SC ROAM ATER AR. BEB, HAT STR ASS ANAL BLAS ARE 4 TS LIS HAASE SPIES BUI CE CTT Th. REITER, SRE TA» BEARS AEA THL ADAG ABE AT Ha A PLATTE 5 FB A REI? 5 ATAU HOARIAOL, SPAT ANT Ya RR A J PT FES 7 PRUE. SATII a, b,c HAT RAEI PAE IMUAT DUE — ATTA NE ATES AFR HE UP 3-25 FRR, MAID YA R70 ~ we ZB PELL wT, AP FMAM, SARNIA. MRR CP EER, Wa, b, cle Reto ET —NEW AA CUE 3-25 (ad); RACE PRO. Ma, bette ALR WE TRAIT AL CLEA 3-25 (b)). AAR RR RIER, BSN SAHba xb HE cab FFF SP TT — A TE © 3-25 SHMTAIRE AHL h-WUERE, Mace AGe, Ase seit —+t 0 ~ x ZAMBIA OAM AMINE A. lk, Biles: eb a cHPiSa b cARHAAARNAA. © a, b, axbA FAST 4 ASA DL PPLE jf. RATT PA. © Ra, CAFES Mee ARIAT PRE i J. AC PREIS SEAL, BATTLE PELAT FU (x,x,,2,) AEA: ORAM, AAR. 0 a,b, CHRAA EMMA D DEAE TAR det(a,b,c) > 0 © {FFX det(a,b,c) > 0 BRA (axb)-c>0 0 (axd)-c>0, HE, Ha xs MASE CHAAR MRA, HER Be Ss Fa a xb HE a,b POFHO RF T FI—A, ATT E —B FAURE, BE Dy SHIA FF B= a A Ae SA FP i,j. ARINE RD, BATHE a, b, CAPALNIM FMRR (x,,,,25) ATE: MUR ATHY Tilt, BRAT. Dear eR eh = A LS A ARUPETABL, AULRATT A FUE. AURLIER, MA KAMRALAKT 0, BUF 00 ‘Ty ——$———___—_—_—ATAU a, &, ay b, by by le ey ey PH TARA PIT ta,b,c, MLTR, AAI IS BBE T FARIS. Be 3-2 SHAT HIRATA UT ie RARRAER AS LT +a,b,c, i: DAT FIM, SPLAT FEAL {a by) 45 1 | SRR Be, RTE WF TAR RAL = a,b,c, + aybye, + ayb,cy — aybycy — abc, — ayb,c,» ®& 3-2 +a,b,¢, ui: UAT IM, AP LECAT PPA {a Bye} 5 2 | AARRZT—Se, SRBRIVIE +ayb,C, Bis Da F REIN, SHEAR (a,b,c) 5 3 | ARR, ROR a,b,c, Hs Dit FREY, Sh HA FP {a bs, €,} 4 | SBR, RB = a;b 0,5 DFM, AE A a,b,c} 5 5 | SAT AMR, RADA ~ash,c, Hs Das HIM, PIAL RAT PHL {a,b,c} 45 6 | BRAT, PUTIWH BB.aA RELA UATE 3.5.3 aAUMT RRA LL OATH RATER ETAT (I)! IAN, CARD jy ARERR. URI AS UDCA AR ob MSR RT SR TER a, 0, oy,» METER A LAT URES TABS). SALON a AT LAREN SEEN IT Ue Ge mAh). RATNER BATU RAAT TH JL PIE AF BRT) FURS, TULIP mn AEROEAE STR Nn HER RR, BA AR Se AB] CLR AVG: © nN m EA REET AERA PUN ERTS © nA AN Mm HERAT PRUE nl PRET (IY, dy, ATURE» SBR LE, AP m BAF SUSAR 1S SA AL REN AAU, An BEATA AT ISRAEL m1 RR 1! a, dy,» bed, A BME SUS RT DRT SI PED PT CB 3.2.2 HP AT WH: Java] _ fa 0], |0 Jo be] 16 2) 1a By ja, | fa, 0| Joa) 0a, = ("V4 + lb, of |ob,| [0] 0 2, = | 9], 0 4 02, "5,0 = ab, — ab, —FEWMTART GD RAT HRMTARSTS) SOMATA: la, a, a ja,0 0] joao] joo a,00] oa,o) loa, 15, b, d,| = 0, &, o|+ Jo 0 &|+/4, 0 0|+)0 0 o,[+[,00|+)0 0 ees & lo oc} f,0 0] foc, 0} Joc, 0] Jooe) |e, 00 = aybye, + aybye, + asbjey — aybsey ~ ayb,e, — asbaey Buk, OMPAIRWA REREAD. SBME AT URAL ANB a A AR RU A MIRROR LEA RB (BMT) BAR (BTR) BeAr KL (SBMTFUZR LE). BAG. FAURE AC HY LAO HE ae aL OT BRORAA ROA AB RA REEMA TS. I AE, TARAS, BT. kK RENAE CAL. IRIE AEP RA IR AOE SBT FL A TH HELIO, EL Fev TPR, LTR, BEB), RU I — TR TT AAR, TORT — ATER MAN CARAS ba LEAP) A CE Pe SR J 75 TA RET RAMAN S Ts3 THU y 3.6 HSA RAR R TAL ATRIA, SBTC RA CREME: laa & og b, det(a,b,¢) = ks B, cx] =(axb)-c=4, le BE fa, 4) +e, é 4| a a) (4 w-o-[8}{f)-(oa-en. = (ab, a), aba) =({t fe 4h 4) a) (a 3 i, bP |a, HER, DER TRS ASAE a Ab HRA ARs BB, BAVEPLAS MIPIM EIT AS UA LE 2 PARBI= OMT PUY LTE REA TAT BL, ALB @. be HR, AR (a xb) + HYVER ET VERT AT AN TS RA FES EE SAFER CARI) TDI TANTO SEE, BAA TAT EO, PPI TP EE LI RMT TB PRAIBE: HE a Alb TKR SMe PET TE Ca x b SRD SPS Se HATER (SPR M a xb Sy Ht, FEN 2.4.1 49). Aa ALE (a) Sha bE ATR @ ORAM), RET WRO STERN TE HY, BATS DAFATA TAZA. EEA ET ATES BT ORE ITS TIER (axb)-c — WARE “HI” MIR Ca xb) RE (atte, BEIKBME. SiLL, SOM TAR AT FT REE AR (a xb) HUE. HE 3-3 PM AAPOR T RTE AY UTE: SBT IATA BOP AT BRAT UL SPAR ATS A BAT NS HR BAD 3-3 ANTRAL ae Be Pitta, b, char AR: la, A q Ja, b, cy Ia, b,c JUBILEE Pala, b,c HM TATE. TARTAR (axb)-c txt. “FBT BEA ULAR EE A IL td det(a,b,c) = —— 75.Pete JU AAT Bk SC ax b HLTA: cna a, BRAT EATOY, Wowsa xb. RNR ATES er MTB, OST = EET 2 |e REC PARORRM x,0x, 40%, 40%, L, eb FF OE NTR As 2 | - 4 le A 2 REMADE SAP HIHIG Gey ey FSR la, a BRR AOPRAR: SEAVER c HIST Joy oy a HEAD AHAPBIEG . C, a BRR (axb)-c HE: Sri c, 5 xox, Eff P4F DE a BEARS ANIITIR. BLAME 0, HERP See ANTONE, HOCUS la, bs, la, bs IE, ARIMA MSTA, (RRSP a, & mob 4] Bale KE, QS 1 CMRF R LTE. SITAR RA TRE MARR BOT DUST cet PE SA Ih, JER AFAR RIDIN Bh, ADA He Kat det(a,b,c,d)=(axbxe)-d Gi olay gy) =, XX KM,) °C, ax bxe Ua, xa, x xa, BRAETUE n-1 THEA RAR axbxe Sia, by, cH RIER: a, xa, xX a, HS @ a, @, TERE. TTT ct, BEADLE, RAVSTRAE LTE MR, ERRATA, SPE 2 fe 2 fl YARD EY IR TT ALAR En NAVE 2 ny TR n-1# VTS HAMAR. 76. —— a ssFAFA LAT 3.7 FERMI JLT 1750 42, iL A CHEMI T FAT SUSAR PARE Hy RRL ATE SEOS (Cramer) HEM. XN WERE LMR, BARA, PAT MSTA, RTA St AZ RAVE HORTA EPR SEI, WEARS EL. TF URE AZINE RK. 3.7.1 CPEs RU ASL RE AFORE: (ee “S| sesesespsenueeys ayx+by =6, le, | a, ¢, len b> Ja Cy ja, b, |? a, by Ja, , ja, by SEEK L, LMT AORTA PAE AT 2 BPH @, b,c x RMA =({% =(%) -=f4 _(* (2) o-(3} <2} 6) ERS ER HE AE BT ARAB (@,b)x =e 6 PORES ESI. PF SBE EL AAT AIH ab], BRUTE: x|a,b| =|xa,b| =|xa + yb,b| =|c,b| le.b} [a,b] SRC H OATMEAL AE, Sect a ALT aut » WAR 3-26 Bia. 3-26 Sire RAAT LE 4 3-26 +, Ra, bMMLRA PTE, HMB S(a, b)=|a, bl. KAT a FTPEARCE JL AAT S(a, b) ROM x (AE XK D, GATES TE, ANS rie He BTID Bi xa MRA ACPT OLLIE. AE PAT OWI S (a, b) LLANES TURLTE S (xa, Bb)» BE AYTMUBETAAMER, RMR. MRSA AR, ky FB xa A yb HINA BIST xa + yb, AD SRR a+ yh RAI RAM TE YP AF Te, BERRI ATLE A ER RTE NET IE, RIN S (xa + yb, b)» Bl S(c, b)e Bb A PA DT TAS xS(a, 6) =S(xa, b)=S(xa+ yb, b)=S(e, b) ITD x ARIES _ S(xa, 6) _ S(xa+yb, 6) S(c, b) *""S(a,b) S(a,b) S(a, 5) FULT AACR, NTT AG ESHER MU EA BIA _S(e. 6) _ |e, | *"'5(a, 6) |a, Bl EAL BRAT AT DEN ts XARA S(a, b) (RASA S(c, 6) MERLE , BILAN. FasL, BRITA yla,6| [a,b =|a,x0-+38|=|a,e|. 1858 vf Sih LEE a RET. 3.7.2 ZS BrseseesA RUA Le Soret vee ax+hy+o2=d, ax+by+e,z=d, ax+by+oz=d, SEE sUa VAS MO NED a, by c, lade) Ja, ld, by cy lag dye] la, bd ld be| fas dey] fay by dy Taba] fa be] la he la, by cy la, b,¢,| la, bye, lay by Cy la, bc, Jas doy RIL, SPA Ba, bc d. xPB31 AUG Lee Bethe G- a, b G a z FALLS BreR tT (@,b,c)x=d . FIP HAVE MHEG ISAL, Pim S Sor TET 5 TNF SINS a BALI RAT ALK abc], BUCTHIE HH x|a,b,¢|=|xa,b,¢|=|xa + yb,b,c| =|xa+ yb + z0,b,¢|= (@,.c)x,b,¢|=|d,b,¢| wie Mabe |a,b,e} eps, aRaTeT LAE y LMA, IO ge sammie x= Mabel ney |a,b,¢| |a,b,c] |a,b.¢] FEAUES 3-27 Pas. FR 3-27 SUBh Se BAGS: 8 JL PE HHP 3-27 SB, Bd. by CoRR TAMIR |d b,c | RUHR a, by cok BEET ATH RHI AR |, b,c] BELT a ER XA. RTS, EL RB UD, CRRA AAN EAT WILT SO, c) ARAOP TARR, RTH ie AFT ATI HL, SCART 7ST PROSE EE HT Lb Ac HO ETT 7 RIN Elk, ANE ILE @ 7 ete PRE E FED EMU YEAR AT VA FA ABLE AS HR BHA AT PU OH AL TS PR HH ERR LAMA TT HRA, BARA ATOR AA BET BA. ZETA SATA CRIS 6H) Ht, BUDE TOE N ALATA ATS AIEAS LPR , ERTS, HES, URED , PIAA 9.PEAR BCS Jad at SC ABAELH , HAART, HM, SRT. MANTRA Silt, BUTI PASS. MBAR MaET. 3.8 24TH JLT 3.8.1 R—WNA 1 RTI RRA AR Ri F an 2g I laa, ag oy I Inn 1 AAR — ESE 1. CENTRE PRAT PLATA UTE SL, bet PUES ASAE RTI MET ST ER, AS ATi WN CREB 1 SWF ARS tA LA LTE . ATARI, ALAMITOS, TAIT ART TE SEE AERATOR FB J.T EN SDE TS LOT WF IBMT AR i > FA Ura A AEE a = (a,,,1) A b= (@,,,1) IKEA lg Gyo yg ATURE, BR: 1 ler ASP AT UTA A TAR CLE] 3-28 (ad), FUE a,,—a,,» WIE 3-28 (b) AiR. BR, APRA RAR © 3-28 & “1” SWNT A RST ARE Aidhy MATAR AVANT SGER a, —a,, » ELBE ANTLERS FIRB aa, MATIC. GR, MUTASE, MAMA, DHA, ZENA L AL HWA a b HA. hi 2 I MF SWEAT a]. SARL OT MAS PSA LR (ay, yl)» l@3, I (day daze 1) 5 (ayy day 1) BBR RREOPAT THAR EAT YAEL 3-29 PAR. 0 =329 8 4" MSMR PARANA AR SLM TTD, S/S AHAB E—“S PHBE x, <1, 3X A PT EARS. FTA, RATT ALT AA TICE T He, IS 2 TALI 3 TIGR HR AO ATTCR, EMI 3 WTR, BRIS oPMTAIR: lt a2 | a, ay laa 2-12 J ry Y= Jaya) yay OF 4) Gy, yy yy tn 42 HY Jaa a — an 0 = yeast [21-9 Ia Sp Q— A a —G| AA, =(43)-Ayy 39-2) BAA, = (ayy yy -A,2) HIRE RTE TAR, SF 3-30 Brahe PATOL. AY Fal ok RTS LEMP TR x, = 1b, AT Fa SOOO RET ATR Wt —-H, BRAMAN TARGET EEF y= 1b Ala, 543) A,(Q 5 4,2) A A(4s, 45.) NLR =A AA, A, A, TY 2 4%, SLPS 3-31 ENB fae. ; Pb ~~, \ — BL.PREC BCH Li se AME, ORMARETS, MANGAS EE, =H AA, A, Ath SPS, WENA A 4. AREAL. ay, Gz 3 1 LL, AF DOBLE HR fe a a > SEAR JLo SE ea 4 TH 14) Ay ys 1 SPAT PSO OR DN ES AE) x, = 1 AN A (ay, 49,45). Aan, yy, @y3) x(a 5 yay G33) A Ag (Ay gs Gs) TLR TR RLY 6 Mis IMP AR LN A. AA, AAA, Iki OSI EAT NTRP PR 3.8.2 —Filg 1 KATIA hn EEMEDTJLIOr BRAT A REALABSK D, =| f Jy Gyn“ gy =O HAITI PZ FHI, ten, n=2, 4S LAA Dy =0=> 4n=3, HFG LE ATE fe OU SET FEM AICR 3.8.1 HLA. PIER BR THE LL RIE. 3.1 ATR RAB: x y | la, a, 1/=0 bb, 1 HATA AT ALF PA A(a,,a,) A B(b,,b,) MAR, SoH (x, y) WE LAER — A APSE ALSIP, sarfhl 3.2 Have HI 3.2 x yz la, a, a, 1 lb, 6, 6, 117° le, ey es 1 HAT ARORA, EMA BB LNA A(a,,€;,45)+ BC,sb,0bs) > Clecascy) HiT FERVE I, SO (x,y,z) AP LAER — A MPRA ALT DL SATE UT RNR, SARE SLR A BY CHP ITT RARE. BOF i - —--—— - aHS He ATTY LAT TT BS BOT FES Ax + By+Cz+D=0, WF LME FUER M(x, y,z) WED BAL AxtBy+Cz+D=0 Aa,+Ba,+Ca,+D=0 Ab,+Bb, +Cb, +D=0 Ae,+Be, +Ce,+D=0 AAT ER FORE BMA, B.C, DINF RAM E: xyz iia a, a, a,1/)B bb, BANC ¢ ¢ ¢ 1|[D BARMAN, PU RAATEER, HUE 6 RAMMING, DUBTERE WTARSTE, RUST Ma PH. =0BPE JLT MS ABARASS ALi BANE, SCOT CERRIRAATA) » RET BORE, I OTe SBA “SEB” UUM 7778 “on Mae”. LE RA, BEE MALO BRN HORA, RAEI, TAA TAI. RUG ROL Tee, REA HMEAEEAT » GRULZ Ib, TARR TGR YOU SE, RR LAR. DBE R TE 1844465] 7 AERIS. SRB, oA LEIA TR He aR 9 AF OD HRA, A CAAT AME? ALLOW RA A EN RS ETRE FA, AREAS, PEASE UM ABIE, LESSEE “OB” TDL. SCR SETA) (AME ZEIE)) MUA. oh, PAST “A? A OM, (REE, ADA BR. ROS “SR” COREE. UA, EIST L, Rae SAA BEAR, SAAS, (BARRIOS REAR, BE. ATT A, BRS a RESTA ARABS, a4 BR SR OA 2 PL SO 7 RN TT EE FV TK 0 FL SS TD, AE AE A SEE we ESN ET RE Hd HEH. WORM LAOS, SEE AR SS, UN, eT LIE SRA —-MES T AE BS RS ALAR. TTR AFA. FORRES ARERR, MAT es Hl, SARA Hh, AVA, RL, SARL, SS FETE, NIA. EKA ABH REMAKE. WRARE LT PEM BE, HAMS OREO MRE TRE. AEN Le EE IE FB AES, URE UI RN LTP EBERT RACE, MRA, ALE Te AFAR. BU, SAC M asm, AWICMRALEIER. CEE. AHPHARRSNSE, ARB Xe BR, KSA ER Te Mb e iba, by chy RAE BL, RAL ART MME. ) 4.1 AB ADL AL TRE TAIRA ROGET. REALS ET RARE, BRR ADA ER SME UGE ECM. PIE RESEDR EH OA PL AE RRS SE AED Wee tegen. PAU, ZEFT ARATE ZA, A BEE TL TD EH A (A. FEE AY AEE? AIT ASHE? AAR? Ay AP DEERLE POY “RR” MARA. PAPO EZ. 84, ——Sp 4 Wea PAL ad Fak Le 4.1.1 PURSE RAN/AAA AIL TL 1. Settsem/A SAE SRD LPR, MRO CCA, AAR IRA = (21> &=B3)> = (2)+ GCI)» @=(-22)1 Ga)» a =2,-2) FAURE RM: : 44 FERRO Ha, TEA ae a, Ala, HINES, Wa, =a, +0, + Ro, MDL a ULL 1951, uml a UA 2 18, Wa, =1a, ha, =—ha,s Fifa, WEL @, BORA a, A BCRZ AES, a,=—3a,—La,: EDR ROOIF AEE, 7 ERAT EL BPS RAL) RZ ABE Seo HOR, BURGERALE p= xa, tra, tte, SEH x aa, EES BURA ITE pT VALE (a,,cy--,0, RMA. BEAU, RL ARIE aaa, MIRE. BUT — FAR AAUER faxa, tay tt, BEM PLR @, BOR Ae SUR, ACEC MERINO) T — MMO p . EADIVE, — hla p BUPA HP. BRITE: SASS TSH VSAM AE 2 RAS Sp tte, BRAMALL, ALSTR AY LAM RRR AR AL HORAN: PPL LAAT LIM PRE RC tr OLLI AT OH. BD ARE SEL LAPT RE TAL AO ET AT OT AT AA, dC Bl 4-2 Hi a, Bla, SIEM, s BAER AY SL AAT RR SBR A AT DASE Ba RB 6 SF Drie BARI) ISR LAVA, OVER 4-2 ASI a, SEI 0, 5 0, EINE. 85.SACHA LAT RS 2, AB eA BT Re NE EAR JL AAT NL TER 4-24, BUTEA: a, BEMIS (a) REET, WAT LLE (a, IER: a, AT DLA FE fo,,0,) RAIA, a, PILL TRA (0,,0,) BEE EAR. FRUIT 0, HERR. 2, The, REO EO, FREE a, . Hele a, BTA fag} + {0,0} SRA. AY fa) BRET RI Ci 4-3 PPR), RARMAROST a, . FB, fa,,a,) PILAR. B43 FHL, TARE FEECI a, PLATA REA {a,,,0.,} REE AE AS, FADES LT LHe RPA (ery, 02,} + {a,,0 045} PR Het. Bis, ZEA 4-3 AFL, CEE atid uD TR RLIS MSE Ty ae, PRADA EM, Ae ea AS 0 PADRE, a, VRE RAEN 0, PLM BURA AER LR (BEAST TD FSD. R/MAVOAE SME, ADVERTS EB AR EE FAT Te eR, AE FL GUUEK) fe ACT —M PT Oe BUTTE Lae AO F TA aT F894) RABEL. B44 Sik, —NaabT DUR RRR A 4-4 tha, ~o, JERI —Fi, SMINNI MIM a, 5 EMRE RF. BUTBL, 0, ILM (0,0) HERR, BY a, Reo, 5 a, PM RIK TLL. ATI, EWE (a cg} EEBEA, IY 0,04} IK R= MLS T a, 0 FESR TIURSL A TRATED WL 4. 1.495) FBS, SUT LRA TT. a LL Ae RL 3 a Fh BATE AL Fe ne ARLE LWA, 78 ee ERA ede a Zt —_—_—_ -SRA BE Ved SH Ae ve fi 1 LAR 4.1.2 PRB HARADA RL SRS ART PL ch “he RE eee, BRAT} AAG. SBS ‘BPEL, —/N URES A 7h mT LA SRR ea, PRINTERS 7 RA ake RZ, OR ARAB ERT EIR Ee, BURR Pe 4-2 ope ARP AE HOB (0.04.0) AHEM, Ba, =, +0; Leys} » {aqs0} > {isc} REA, BIA a, = 2a, =—2a,: {ets 045, 00,} BEEABIE, ia, =-2a,-a,; AR, BATRA, EA i: © SAPNA, BSS DRE — ARR LI AREAS” AEM), ART AAPOR AR, UAL, GMM. 0. «ZEEE Bk, LPO. BE AERA LOA PR RA EMR, Bl Paxa, FT aaah HAR. © KE-KHRLMERA TAR EEE, MATA, a, a, a( aha aha). a, BIPM. BRAEMAR AEB $e. RS Eh A BRIG, WPar0, WARRNARE ARNAR, BSE. BS mY HORT. 8 AP ETTAI LE, HEREIN, HO (a,,0,,0}> {esa} Fe HR, SAND LA a LAE RR EAE BE RINGER TSMR fap7), MRI Mn a, BAHAR, APNE ASAE AWN, FRAT a, PRET, Bt eS me AL RAAT 2 WO 4-5 Fea, PUNTA EAT EMR a, pS Pee SORTA COMMER), RST, MAAR, BRET Cte BU), Sa, PHAM Cx, x, De Bulk, BAM Ty AYSE ARS y = x0 +B o f | [| B45 PHLERS SOR oAReS— PR akty AOL, MF 4-6 HAR, RUMBA MIRA, RAE. x, MAE T TERE x, x, AEA HAI a, BEAL, BURSA, GRP 4.2.3 TARA — —— — = 87,| Pete ASE SLATE (a) ® JORMLERETAMONEEN- SOLAR eRe. Bulk{a,p,7 RMA GERI F, shade er aS Tal RIL) PMN SAE AT, AMAR LU AES AE PSR AR. HE, EATER BE ME TARAS, BRS frie RE. BALD, RASA —RER LE, ARE Ae Re RZ, mr, Ceram BA CATRAER RK. MMB UEP RACHT, ARE PSE RAR LE. WERSRERS MPS HRA, By HRERR CM 4-7 HAAR). B47 SMe pm Ee iE a, be PRIERR. MAME a. P. yp PRETO, (ERR, PRES, BYla, PREM — RAL, ROAR TEN Pe RT AP aaa. pak FRAPPR, 2M PEM AER nat Cg. x, NEE). BER a. B. p RHEFER, WA RCH xat x, P= 7 HUTTE. HLBLAL UL IRE y UR AERE PL, WER EZ. SRL, RSME — PARMAR AT TR REA CLL 4-8), aA le ATH, WAM ETANTE. FAIT USCA B48 STREAK TP 38,Sh 4 ie LH A aS Te EA UA WORD a. BP. y READ, RG RPL: HPRRE TAREE aL (SARS). EMAL AEE RAN HL AR. (EHD, WRa, PAK, MAa, PSR—MP (ya +x,f}: LAWa, Pp. 7 BAe HR, WWD y CEE MPL atx B=7 Cx. x, By ATID, LE 4-9 (a). BR y REET PHL, BBB a, P. py WEEROT A m1 @ SHSi2=heReiAReRZ— WRa, PRHMK, ABS MAB, Sa RB) REX, MWe P KM, VRAABE TBM, ILA 4-9 (b). AAR RE TERE, CE) bh. ROEM, WO Ra, PTE, 3 SPR, HS a (Bp) REM. PAST ARSASIWEER KALE, GH 4-10 Wim. 2 410 SHS 2= Tame eeZ— 4.1.3 BBS A) PANNE IB fA App aR ALP A AAR eas PRA BL, EE HAUL ABET BL E-BAY Ae ae, TARE, RAED Bp Rp — “he ABNER. AB, FUE LR EER — ANDRES BA Sh RAL, aS LASSE KAY TARR EA GLAS LR AE RAR RTD AP Br AD) SEA A A JLT RR, BAAS Ss PPA PY SLATE APRA HAL MARAT KR AL. PRED. RRS HB Se pe ETE R 1. BALMS Hee Sh, KARA ROTHER, SRA LIAB. = gE 4-11 iia _ 89,Bate AR BCE TAT sk SL ARUNDEL. Pe, FERRE: SIRS, By, PEI RMRE, Wa Io tr ty EBERARLE. Bl 411 ee bans ems Hae, BRAT ELSE LF in ls © {a}, {a}, {a,,0,} ROR, © (Bd, (Ba), {Bs}, {BiB}. (Bs Bsts Ba Bs}, (By Ba Bs} EEA RA: © tah Gah Wah Wah Gores Mors Gord, Wash Wards Gordy Wirartabs Potatabs MokaFals VaePrtabe OrPa ts ta SAMA. SESE a ir AAS DOE te A Aaah, RAT th a A EAB A He — BE, ERAT TR. NRE MORE, TER ERE A AT MAA. Ak, ALR NTA-RBS LE , SS—-SEMAEANSSS TARAS. 2. FRR =H le LSPA: A, SKS, RNS TH LNARAZANGRKA. WA 4-12 fix, we &. B. WPWNENE ANE FR EEE), BULA, Bo 4 tHVtE 3 TT DASUUPTR RHI, IASI a, = x8, +206 fn 412 PALA oA BAER, ARG. By MERC? AC) A HTS TPR LI ABIES Hk, BPA SALAMI. FBR OME: © fa,,B), (a.m). (Bonds {0.8.0} RAP RI, Het fa, 8}, {aso}, (Bs Basta} .—— a - oteRAS by eetl 2 fa 10,02, By Bysth ta} FEE OT LER MRAP FEI PA y BO AL TT KS A], A EL, FRR: © GBI}. GMA), BoM)» (Bi Mot) REA BAL, HID {af} (2M) Bo Battrtshs {6B Br tot I trotord) BEB. 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AANA AE, on MEISE Ta) ot) SEAT ee TEHI. 4.2 HRB 2: Ha, Ma RHR, fA P, HAREM, MA, a +P Al a, +f, th BAL. tle AS at 2 0) LEB 5 WOE 4-15 fra, PIB ITF: a, = (21) ay =(-2.-1)> Be =(-12)> Py =(-24)+ WW a, +B, =(1,3)> @, +f, =(-4,3); a, +f, Ala, +p, FE-KBAL, Aifia, +p Ala, +p, BIER. a 445 REALONE — BBE MIB, a, Fa, EI, CLE) LE, pp, ERI, CHER) LE, RIE (OL LAT CRMTBRAE) ALAM, LARSEN See a) CELERY, SUS ETA CBR SMB ALE EL CPD, SYR a, +f, Bla, + p, XM ER. 4.2 IB Sala LTB FURS RAE, BA, SRA UR. BERIT RB SUR, 23 RR AEP RSET UTES. UTE, BAe JC EREEAS TE] GR MCAR NES AS RAE ERAT POE FE PT EL Ae, BL a FE MELT BD wit FEA BEL PEL 2) FLD «Ee RTS A BS HSM RAR ATS ESE SE) ART CASS EB ete 2 Te) RR” Fal 9——2 Fc TEA RERG? LEE TAT AE TAD ATER PTD, SME A ee ME EE 93.Bet ARB TL Aa et PE, PA RES Te) A TAT CLAM R" SA CED AE. AG, RST] RRA JU APL IEE (HEPAT AS YET JL SLA HP SEAR E, ARE AER CREAT LAT SCE AAP TER A SCR BA IRA RRR? HA ETE. 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Jt B={a,B,y} sii Ba te #8814] Span{a, B} PH) BAKER T (1), KP B= {o,f}. g SAB WR, MMA MARIOS ER RE A. AR HEPERURAEARY, HMMA MHRA AA. ESM PER— AO, UR OARAEREAFEM MES. og, RRR MG HER, BA Ve,e,2), ATEMRRRA, RNRTURUS MRSA CRY ARAB) fi] AMMART. RAW, AMPATHER ABS Ra (4444) RRBK Og, +4,6, +08, . ERE, KO RABBRA, og. GRADER, HEADS HERO BAKA Dapth, AFA (a,,a,,a,) AE a HR, GR LIER FAMED A LF BAR OG FR. eA, ORG MMA (0:4, 4) HL, LOBE R ABE, MZ RB LRR. ij AERA AA xt, phic, RNA WEARERS ERM ERR. 4. 2. 4 AERA LATE 1, BERR EAR LAME, | METI, ABA = (2,04 B = (4), mB 4-28 (a) RARER OR RUEERA), UCHR ETE Aa BAIR y =(7,7) » SWAT DLA BBR RL TARR EAE A Ca ELL A A), y=sa+p BA, By MMT a, p AERIALS 3,1) 6 ny pty i= © 4-28 BER RMA ER 1 101.PEAR B LAA 214-28 (a) AMRA RMSE, Ry Ta Ke B=, JS p ASF: FA4-28 (b) NRRL IARI, BTL, Ly FERTDDIA RORISCHE 3,1). 2. SERRA RE RA AL HTL AD TT He EBA, CEA on AER EE TaD, PT DAN AY vo FEI FE STR HE FBZ REE TA ETB PE ZS SBE, RUE TA 2 RA, A ha CEN JERE FAME AR, ARETE FARE. 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BITR LM FINES mE 4-31 Hak, ZALES, RACAL LLG PALS a, A}IME EAN Hs ARAL, JRHSL AEDS 38 (a,00,} F: ab =(-2,)(5)=4 4 (p,08,) F: a™-b=Q, vf. 3}. 7 DAB. pe he: HEGRE. MUTANT ME? SPE BH 4-31 FER THARAR THES, RATER a, FEM {f,0f,} FROM BRA c,d, 38 (a,00,} BRE {P,08,} TREN P. BAA a= Pe, b= Pd ABR ti a" -b=(Pe)' (Pd) =c'P" Pd =c"(P"P)d (4-11) (4-11) BAG? 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SEL, WR AE, ARMIES, TALS FEMUR REST A 1 ATE, WBA haba EE CHE 1, BRABIEZT AREA Aatt 4 BAG SHE TE ENE? 3 EAE MRE EN, BURA BE SIPS bb). WSMV, HREM FB, WH CV. He,,e,,--,6, BFE A K—MRMEIE 3e38, MV PAE — iB @ Bi) A EERE a! bE FA ETE 203 e, ,e,,---,e, BtzeAR, A G'=XE, +X€, t+ KE, t-+x,€, SEH (x,.2,,---5%,) BEAL a EER WRB R A BR (x, i) At x, + J BEE RF OE TD, BARE ERAT, RAVKERARAA, BNAZe(eT a) =x Ae He 2 i) LOS AS we ann nn nnn oe 107PEARS JAA ae FA 4-32 StH SESAME FH (AR APD, WH TRF SELMA HUERMEIE2e3E e,. e,. SCALE Bo BIFA818) H VIERA a", MORRII(x, x5)" 5 FL Gl A He, ec, MR HL TERRY xe. xe, MABRM TA TKR Bae -e x =e)-a, MSG ASRAW EMER: @ 432 MBF Si LAE MRT BART GL, (GR, ALLSTAR ECE. ADL, PUNE EY OSS TATUM FE RAI TE 223: SIDR, BRAC DARL SF AY PE 8 A AR AME TE REN AR REET AMRIT x. y AM HEAL DEE TS 2. —#ESSI8) R' AATOREIE Zea —HER' (ORRHETESEE RAB: ¢ = {()} M7 = {(-D} . Ex BA EAE (x) AYALA MAT AE, HR: FERRE (x) RE ReA M7 AA, FUER oe. SS Bi 4.33 —HeepianAaRR Esa 3. SMESSIB] R? 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线性代数的几何意义（任广千，谢聪，胡翠芳编著）西安电子科技大学出版社

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线性代数的几何意义（任广千，谢聪，胡翠芳编著）西安电子科技大学出版社

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