suu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van BO GIAO THONG VAN TAL TRUONG DAI HQC HAI KHOA DIEN ~ DIEN TUT BO MON BIEN TU - VIEN THONG. BAI GIANG DINH VI & DAN DUONG HANG HAI TEN HQC PHAN : DINH VI & DAN DUONG HH MA HQC PHAN 3230 TRINH BO PAO TAO. AI HOC CHINH QUY DUNG CHO SV NGANH_ : BIEN TU - VIEN THONG HAI PHONG - 2010; YEU CAU VA NOI DUNG CHITIET, |. suu tap boi : Camerfinnoh Cont WO unWe dow mda de tim luan van ‘Ten hge phan: Dinh vj va déin ducing hang hai Loai hye phn : IIL Bo mén phy trich giing day: Dign ie vién thng Khoa phy trach: Dign - DTTB MA hge phan: 13230 Téng s6 TC: 4 TS ist Ly thuyét | Thyc hanb/Xemina__| Twhoc_| BA tp én __ | Dd én monhoe 90 90 6 Dieu kign tién quyét: SV phdi cb co so kién thite vé: vat Ii dign tir, ly thuyét truyén tin, cdu kién dign te, mach dign te, ke thudt siéu cao tan, anten va truyén séng, Myc tiéu cia hge phan: Cung cap kién thite co ban cia cac hé tl Bin te vién thong. N@i dung cha yéu: Khai nigm vé nguyén I hoat déng, edu tnic hé 0 vd chuyén mén cita cic hé thing. Noi dung chi tiét: ing, va thiét bj dink vi va déin dieong hang hai cho céc SV ing, cdu tric thiét bj va nhiing kién thite ly thuyét PHAN PHOISO TIET. Ts [LT | Xemina | BT | KT 30 6 8 | 8 TEN CHUONG MYC VO TUYEN DINH VI Churong 1: Nguyén If chung ciia v6 tuyén djnh vj 1.1, Khai nigm chung. 1.2. HG théng radar phat séng lign tuc 1.3, Radar phat xung 1.4, Phuong phap xc dinh géc phuong vi. 1.5. Tam quan sat khong gian. 1.6, Nhiing thing s6 khai thc va ky thudt, Chwong 2: Tam xa cia radar hang hai 5 | 5 2.1, Tam xa ciia radar hang hai trong khéng gian ty do. 2.2 Nén xung trong radar hang hai 23 Anb huéng cia khi quyén, 2.4 Anh hong cita bé mat bién (m 2.5 Anh hung cia song bin. Churong 3: May phat radar 2} 12 3.1 Sodo khdi. 3.2 Manhetron. 3.3. Mach diéu ché xung. . 3.4. Thyristor vi mét so mach diéu ché xung (Chuong 4: Anten vA ede duvng truyén ning hegng | 8 | 8 durimg truyén ning rong, 4.2 Phéi hop tro Khing trong duéng truyén nang lueng 4.3. Chuyén mach anten, 4.4, Anten va nbiing dic tinh, Chuong 5: May thu radar s/s 5.1. Dac diém chung. 5.2 Mach déi tin. 5.3, Mach khuéch dai trung tan, 5.4. Téch séng va khuéch dai thi tin 5.5. Nhiéu tap va nhimg phuongbphap han ché. 5.6, Ty d6ng diéu chinh tan s6.SERB Geto ehh eg eBF com vao muc dqWaldad Ue tim Iuah varl 6.2. Monitor 6.3. Phuong phap tao quét “ban kinh quay”. 6.4. Phuong phdp tao quét manh, 6.5, Co cau chi bao s6. 6.6. Phuong phdp chi bio khong céch. 6.7. Chi bao g6c phuong vi. 6.8. Radar chi bio chuyén dng thyc DAN DUONG VE TINH 25 Churong 7: Nhieng khdi nigm chung 7.1 Nguyén ly din dudng bang vé tuyén dign. s 5 7.2. V6 tinh nhan tgo va nhiing dic tinh, 73 Hg toa dé tham chiéu. 7.4 Cau hinh bé théng din duémg vé tinh. | Churong 8: Cae phurong phap xc djnh vj tri 3] 8 8.1, Nguyén ly chung 8.2. chudin thd gian va thang do. | Chwong 9: Hé thong din duong vé tinh GPS. 12 | 12 9.1 CAu trac va nguyén ly hoat dong. 9.2. Khau vi tr. 9.3, Khaumat da 9.4. Khau thué bao. 9.5 DGPS - dang vi sai cia GPS. 9.6 Céc hé théng din duing vé tin nh kh. Nhigm vy ciia sinh vin: Lén lép day dii va chap hanh moi quy dinh ca Nha trucdng. ‘Tai igu hge tip: 1. V6 tuyén dinh vj tau bién A.M. Bajrasevski NXB “Cydostrojenie” L.B.Nga 1993 2.Cée hé thong dan dieéng v¢ tinh Hang hai J. Janusevski, Gdynia 2002 3.Cée té hop din diedmg vé tinh hang hai. NXB “Cydostrojenie”. Moscova 1996. 4. V6 tuyén dink vj hang hai, Bai gidng chi tiét, Tran Dive Ink, DILHL Viét nam, 199 tr. 2005. S.Déin dieing vé tinh Hang hai, Bai ging chi tiét, Tran Diec Ink, DHHH Vigt nam, 189 tr. 2005. jéu chudn dinh gia sinh vién: - Thi viét hod thi vin dap. - Sink vién phdi béo dam céc diéu kign theo Ouy ché cla Nha trudng va cia Bo ‘Thang diém : Thang diém chit A,B,C,D,F. Diém dinh gid hge phan: Z=0,3X+0,7Y. Bai tip Ion: dc bai . 1 - Khai quat chung vé radar hang hai di sdu phin tich kh6i thu phat va bite xa (Scammer Unit) cha radar. 2 Khéi quat chung vé radar hing hai di séu phan tich co edu chi béo sé cia radar . 3 - Cac phurong php chi béo khong cach va géc phurong vi trong radar, di sau phan tich. Manketron: cdu igo, de diém, phin logi va ting dung cia né trong cdc bd tao séng siéu cao cla radar hang hai 5 - Thyristor vi duémg day dai. Nguyén ly cdu tao, hoat déng va img dung cia ching trong céc mach diéu ché xung cia radar. Minh hoa bang cach phan tich mt mach digu ché xung cy thé, 6 Céc phuong php chi bio trong radar hang hdi. Di su phan tich co edu chi bo quét tron trong radar IMA 625. 7 — Nhimg can nhiéu chit yéu trong radar hing hai. Phin tic céc phuong phap han ché trong céc thidt bj cy thé. 8 — Nhiing dic diém cia may thu radar. Di su phin ‘mach trOn tin radar IMA 625. ich mach déi tin vA chi bao dong diode ciaHé théng dn dung yg tinh.GPS. Di séu phan tich nguyén 1y x4c dinh diém do bing phép do Srila al GbssiveE ai iceas ass Rape abt apaitaluam at 10 — H théng din during vé tinh vi sai, Neuyén ly hoat déng va cae phuong phap giti ti higu chinh visa tromng cf hé thong hign hanh va tuong la . I Muc tiéu va Yéu cau: Céc bai Gp 1én 18 nhiing tiéu lugn vé mot vin dé dat ra, gip SV lam quen din véi cach giai quyét nhig vin dé dat ra ciia dé tai, cach viét, cach phan ti céch dua ra nhiing nhén xét can thiet, Nhim cing cé kién thire va ky nang lam IL_Néi dung: © méi bai, SV phai dia ra duge hai ni dung: Phin phan tich ly thuyét va phin phan tich ef mach cu thé IV Hinh thite dénh gid: Sinh vién bio vé va gido vien dinh gié dng thii dc bai viét cia SV. V. Hink thice trink bay: Bai np c6 thé viét bing tay hay ché ban vi tinh, song phai dim bao cée yeu cluvé kich c&, dang chu dé doc va céc tigu chudn dn lodt khic. Bia ngoai cimg theo miu ma guy dinksuu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van TRUONG DAI HOC HANG HAI VIET NAM -000- TS. TRAN BUC INH DINH VI & DAN DUONG HANG HAI Hai Phong, thdng 6 nim 2010Nor SUNG? boi : Camerahanoi.com¥85 MLE download de tim luan van PHAN I: DINH VJ HANG HAL...... Chwong 1: NGUYEN LY CHUNG CUA VO TUYEN BINH V 1.1. 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MACH DIEU CHE XUNG. 14 3.3.1. KHAI NIEM CHUNG.... “ sevnmnesesne 14 33.2 MACH DIEU CHE XUNG DUNG TU... sess sees 14 3.3.3. MACH DIEU CHE XUN ING DUONG DAY DAI 15 3.4 THYRISTOR VA MACH DIEU CHE XUNG DUNG DUONG DAY DAL 15 3.4.1 KHALNIEM CO BAN VE THYRISTOR. 15 342. THYRISTOR TRONG MOT SO MACH DIEU CHE XUNG RADAR voscsvrssnnncn 16 Chuong 4: ANTEN VA DUONG TRUYEN NANG LUOQN 4.1 DUONG TRUYEN NANG LUQNG. 4.1.1 CAP DONG TRUC. 4.1.2_ONG DAN SONG. - 4.2 PHOI HOP TRO KHANG TRONG DUONG TRUYEN SONG: 43. CHUYEN MACH ANTEN....... 43.1 CHUYEN MACH CONG TAC. 432 CHUYEN MACH CAN BANG HAY CHUYEN MACH CAU ssoscscsooe soon 9 4.3.3. CHUYEN MACH PHA 20 4.4 ANTEN RADAR VA NHUNG DAC TINH. 7 7 20 4.4.1 DAC TINH CHUNG CUA ANTEN RADAR o....cccccesscssse secsssnuneesessnsnersesssensssseeesees 20) 4.4.2 ANTEN LOA, 4.43 ANTEN KHE. Chuong 5: MAY THU RADAR S.1_ NHUNG DAC DIEM. S.1.1 YBU CAU CHUNG5.1.2. 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TANSO SONG 4 siaabke ONG MANG scaoni Vad Rie ASWwilOad de wat TAR van cita céc tin higu phat di tir vé tinh trén céc tan s6 Li, Lo, trong hé théng GPS duge minh hoa cenainna 49 9.2.5 MA DIEU CHE. 49 9.2.6 THONG BAO VU TRY. on 50 9.2.7 NHIEU VA GAY NHIEU ses - 50 9.3 KHAU MAT DAT 50 9.3.1 TRAM DOI THEO. sl 9.3.2. TRAM CHINH. 51 9.3.3 TRAM HIEU CHINH vo SI 9.4 KHAU THUE BAO... sn seen SL 9.4.1. PHEP DO KHOANG THOIGIAN VA MUC CHINH XAC 52 9.4.2 MAY THU DAN DUONG VE TINH 52 A. Nguyén Iy hoat déng cia may tha hign dai 52 B. Anten cua may thu... 95 DGPS - DANG VISAICUA HE THONG GPS se sesencentienenaansesenseiee SS 9.5.1 NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG. 55 9.5.2 DAN DUONG VI SAI TRONG HANG HAT 55 9.5.4 MAY THU DAN DUONG DGPS... usetntnenesensnesis “ 1 56 9.5.5 PHIEN BAN MANG CUA DGPS... osnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnninnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnn ST 9.5.6. UU, NHUQC DIEM CUA DGPS. ST 9.6. CAC HE THONG DAN DUONG VE TINH KHAC ST 9.6.1. HE THONG GLONASS.. sosennasennaneee ST 9.6.2 HE THONG DUONG TOAN CAU GNSS. ‘7 9.6.3 HE THONG DAN DUONG VE TINH HO TRO, ectsesetetse 58 9.6.4 CAC HE THONG VE TINH CHAU AU. .necn snannnanentenenensesneesennes SBDINH VI Hi Su tap gjcohyA DRONE PHONE EA TOTES INE? 1.1, KHAI NIEM CHUNG Cae dinh nghia: -V6 tuyén dink vila gi? -Muc tiéu eiia dink vi la gi? = Tram v6 tuyén dink vj (tram radar) a gi? Phin Jogi theo nguyén Iy hoat dng ching ta c6: - Vo tuyén dink vj thu déng, Vo tuyén dink vi tch eve, = Tich eye v6i tré loi thu dong, = Tich eye véi tr lan tich cue. Phu thude vio dang cia cc séng thim dd ~ Phat sng lién tue: wong dé c6 diéu ché hod khdng bj didu ché. phat xung Hinh 1.1 m6 ta so d8 kh6i cia ede he théng radar n6i chung, At © [eam [vee » wav Ly aa Mink L1. Cc thing dink chibio Jef Mavis LE thu ding (a). tich cw (6) 1.2. HE THONG RADAR PHAT SONG LIEN TUC 1.2.1, RADAR PHAT SONG LIEN TUC KHONG DIEU CHE Nguyén ly hoat déng ciia hé théng nay dya trén hign tugng Doppler. Hé théng radar niy duge mo ‘a trong hin 1.2. Nba vin tbe due th aye bing Knv/h, tin so bing Hz, ais 7 ye bude song bing cm. Ching ta cé: t [ cuibio Je{ mayen Ly". ag Fy 85.6% ay May phat ; Van téc huéng tram cia Hinh 1.2 H¢ thong radar phat song lién tuc khong diéu ché. myc tigu v,, duge tinh trén co so @ Chink 1.3: » a F,=55,62%c080 > ¥,=Fy——— (1.2) vs = 85.67% H6c00 7) EEE: Dé xéc dinh khodng céch t6i myc tiéu, cdn sir dung hg Hinh 1.3 Van toc hing tram théng song song (Doppler) nhu hinh 1.4. Khi db:suu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van Pay) £{*) aay ANN, any af ) May phat 1 1.2.2. RADAR PHAT SONG LIEN Wwe t a TUC CO DIEU CHE Ay Motul \ —_ Me t May thu 2 thong phat song diéu ché tan it we 86, ¢6 thé theo quy Iuét him sin hay quy May phat 2 A Iudt tuyén tinh nhurtrén hinh 1.5. Khodng cich dén myc tigu trong . 2 bi thing duperede dink: Hinh 14 Hi thing radar Doppler. (1.3) Hink 1.5 Biéu ché theo quy luat tuyén tinh: Tin s6_phét (net lien), phn xa (nét dit }(a);Tan 66 Doppler (). ‘Théng thug dung cy do tan so Doppler F,, trong biéu thizc (1.3) la b6 chu ky dém 7, =1/F, ,N xung, c6 1.3 RADAR PHAT XUNG Day la hg théng duge sir dung rit rng rai vA duy nhét trong radar hing hii. Radar phét xung, phét Gi cae chim s6ng siéu cao tin c6 tinh chu ky, duge goi Ta cde chiim xung “thm d6”, c6 d6 rong rat nho so véi dé rong Ion. Trong khodng thoi gian gitta 2 chim xung dy, méy thu ca tram thu nin céc chim sung phan xa tir mye tigu tro vé, Mi mt chim xung don Ié phan xa tir mye tiéu tc6 vé may thu ¢6 46 t18 ty 16 thudn véi khodng céch cia mye tigu noi séng phan xa tré vé: + = 2D/c. Bing phuong phap hién thj dign ti, tao quét tuong img, ching ta c6 thé tai tao duge hinh anh khéng gian quan sat ciia tram va céc théng sé (khodng cdch vA géc man) cla myc tiéu nh duge mé ta trén hinh 1.6.uy ap] boi : Camefahanoj. com vao mug download de tim | !ygn, yan ‘ : duge mé ta nhu trong hinh 17. [peat [teem ai Lo 7 Ding b6 vanguba | [Chuyéa mech [> i i Dianten [fenivio JL aioe fe Hinh 17 So di sia radar phét xung. _ Bao gdm eée khdi chite ning sau; Khéi ding bé va nguén nudi, Mach diéu ché xung, Mach tgo dao dong sigu cao tin, Co cau chuyén mgch anten, Hé thong Anten ~ Phido, Hinh 1.6 Nguyén ly chi bdo S Co cfu chi a on tt a fader phat ong iy thu va. Co’ cu chi bao, hién thi dign ti 1.4. PHUONG PHAP XAC DINH TOA DQ GOC Toa dé géc ciia cfc muc tiéu duge xéc dinh dya trén tinh dinh huéng cia anten, C6 hai phuong phép xéc dinh: bién dé hay phuong phdp pha. 1.4.1. PHUONG PHAP BIEN DQ CUC DAT Nguyén ly hoat déng duge mé ti trong hinh 1.8a, dyva vio dc tinh dinh huéng cao cia anten U(@). BS nhay cia phuong phap duge dénh gid: du, (2) ana, 14 da "7% (4) Sai sé cia phép do: A0=AU, 18, as) DO dinh huéng cia anten duge dinh nghia 1h g6e gita diém (0,7) gtr ove dai dbi véi dac tinh bién dé va diém (0,5) gid tri cue dai doi véi dac tinh céng suat nhu nhu duge mé ta trén_ inh 1.86, Hinh 18° Xie dink gic man bing phuong phipbién 46 cue dai (a) va ‘g6e mo chia bp séng anten (b). 1.4.2 PHUONG PHAP CAN BANG BIEN DO Bang céh sir dyng hai anten cé dc tinh dinh hwéng giéng hét nhau va bj dich di mét ‘g6c 7 nh hinh 1.9a, c6 thé xe dinh chin xac g6c phugng vi ciia muc tiéu.suu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van a) b) AL 1.4.3, PHUONG PHAP PHA DE xéc dinh toa d6 géc bing phuong phip pha, cin ding hai anten c6 46 dinh huréng cao dat ccéch nhau mt khong d nhu trong hinh 1.9, Véi g6c ar ditmhd sin : a chiing ta 6: ° ‘ : 16 °* Fad TA 18) Thong qua vige do sy Iéch pha 9 cia tin higu thu duge tir hai anten ta c6 thé xc dinh duge g6c phuong vi cia myc tigu (so véi phuong thing dimg — phuong chudn), AT KHONG GIAN 1.5 TAM QUAN Trong radar hing hai ngudi ta sir dung dang quan sét lién tiép va dy 1a quan sét tuyén tinh quanh tim (vong) § nhy trén hinh 1.10, Thdi_gian “roi” muc tiéu ph thude . ' vio d6 dinh huémg a, va van t6c géc quay Q ciia anten: = 2h wr, an Hin 110° Quan sét ndi tip ruyén tink quan tim cia radar. p t6i cc quan hé gitta cde thong s6: (0 = 6n), 1.6. NHUNG THONG SO KHAI THAC VA KY THUAT 1.6.1 CAC THONG SO KHAI THAC Day la céc théng sé lién quan va xdc dinh céc chite nang bao dam nhiém vy dan dat tau thuyén tét cia cée sf quan hang hai, C6 thé ligt ké nhimg thong s6 Khai thic co ban sau: 1. Tam xa eye dai: (duge xéc dinh tronbg chong 3) 2, Thm xa eye tidus Dy (t,)=€4, 12 (1.8) ‘Tam xa cyc tiéu cdn bj gidi han béi “ving chét” do diém dat cua anten ciia radar gay nén. 3. Kha ning phan giai cia tram: 4a, Khé. niing phan gidi theo khoang céch: . Dé c6 thé phan bigt durge hai myc tiéu khdéc nhau trong co cfu chi bio, diéu kign cin va dil Are/2>1,€12, 9) 3b. Khé niing phan gidi theo phurong vjz_D6 la géc phuong vi nho nbat gitta hai vat thé ké cfin khéc nhau ma tram c6 thé phan biét duge. Kha ning phan bigt tiém nang theo phuong vi phy thude hhoain toan vio 46 réng va dang cia dic tinh dinh hung anten trong mat phing chan tri. 4. DG chinh xée ciia phép do khoang ech: Dac trumg boi sai s6 nin durgc két qua xéc dinh Khoang céch bing radar.Sai sé phép do khodng céch, cling nhu tit ca céc sai s6 clia ede phép do khée ¢6 thé phin ra theo dau higu quy ludt xudt hign thanh sai s6 ngdu nhién va sai sé h§ thong.4a, Sai sh shién: Khi ché d6 céng téc cia tram radar thay di bdi ce nbn 16 khdc nhau knongSHle HEPASGA hay 3 Sugoi Gao mac Wownlond de am fuan Val 6. Tinh chéng nhiéu cia tram. Kha ning dam bao duge cae théng sé co ban ciia tram trong pham vi xdc dinh khi c6 téc dung cia nhigu, Vé s6 lugng, tinh chong nhigu cia tram radar duge dénh gid boi tim xa hoat dng ca tram Khi c6 téc dng cua nhigu. 1.6.2, CAC THONG SO KY THUAT Cée thong s6 ky thuft ctia mot tram radar c6 thé ké ra nhur sau: 1, DO dai burée s6ng. Buc séng thudng ding nbit trong céc tram radar hang hai thude dai séng cm va mm 1a; mm; 3,2mm va 10cm, 2. Tn sé lp lai ciia xung thim dd Tin sé lap lai ny duge chon xudt phat tir yéu clu xdc dinh don tri Khodng céch va sao cho chu ky lip lai cia céc xung thim dé lén hon théi gian quét thudn va quét nguge ciia chim tia ¢ co cau chi bao hién thj. Trong thyc té tan sO xung lap Igi_ F, duge chon trong diéu kign: a va nim trong pham vi 400+3200 xung /s. 3. Cong suAt ciia may phat Day la thing sé gly anh hudng t6i tim xa hoat dong cua tram. Cé hai dang céng suit khde nhau dé 1a céng suat dinh (xung) va céng sudt trung binh, quan hé gitta ching duge biéu ign bing bigu thie: Pt,=PT, > P= PG IT)=PtF, (1.10) 4. D9 nhay va dai thong cia may thu D6 nhay méy thu dic trmg boi khé nang thu dupe céc tin higu yéu khi téc dong cha tap nhigu va duge xée dink: * a sao cho céc séng bic cao hon Khéng duge kich thich trong éng. Vi buée séng céng téc cia dutng truyén A a Hinh 44° Céec céch khich thich —_ t 82 ,]] sing trong dng din sing hink dé quay tron cia anten radar rit cin cé céc co cu dan nang lwgng quay tron, nh hinh 4.4, Khi cin phéi hop cic éng din sng c6 kich thuée khic nhau, ngudi ta cé thé sir dung cic doan phéi hop kidu bic thang nhu trong hinh 4.5 ® By nants ish ting 7 ap D (rons tng ncn ning 2 home: hie bic thang (a) bP, bool bP: t va Riu hinh cn (ia cd — ném) (b). 4.2: PHOLHOP TRO KHANG TRONG DUONG TRUYEN SONG Dé phéi hop tai ngudi ta c6 hai phuong phép: phuong php bién 4p va phuong phép bu. Phwong phap bién dp: Nhw cdc co cau bién 4p thanh phan tich eye cita tong tré tai dudng truyén song duge bién déi bang tré khang s6ng cia duémg truyén bang, nho mét doan during truyén 1/4 bude sing nh hinh 4.5a, khi dé Zuo = PiIZy (49) Phuong php bit: Ya da vao duéng truyén mét thanh phin dign khéng cing 46 lén nung tri ddu. Phan tir nay c6 thé mic song song hodc ni tiép vei tai va dung truyén, tr6 khang vio duge xc dinh béi bigu thie: Zoos = J tg2n IAL, (4.10) Hink 4.6 Cée phin te phd hop wre hing Gaim khang (a); Dang khang (Ca dung hing hang (c) Phy thuge vao 46 dai / ma té khéng (4.10) 6 thé la thudn trd, cim khéng hay dung khéng. Vi vay dé diéu chinh tinh chit cia tong tré (4.10) ngudi ta c6 thé thay di kich thude ciia doan éng_phéi 18hop niu d6 dai cfc canh a, b cia doan éng hay thim chi céc dinh, vit kim logi nhimg su vao doan ow i lech cit fers dg hay tno i ig ait we ds 4.3. CHUYEN MACH ANTI 43.1 CHUYEN MACH CONG TAC Chuyén mach céng tic c6 thé 1a néi tiép hod song song, So dé cau tric va so dé dign tuong duong duge m6 ta trén hinh 4.7, a) Ta fmeone 4} < | Mavpnat | Di anten P, Qn+a,/ ‘Tei may thu ») » at Ald t a May phat [TA are Pr May thu i may thu Hinh 4.7. Chuyén mach néi ip (a), song song (6) Piz Ong phing chin king Nguyén ly hoat dong ciia chuyén mach dua trén sy thay déi tro khéng dau vao cia doan éng ngin, ho mach dau cudi duge ghép néi vio diém can phéi hop trén duéng truyén, 43.2, CHUYEN MACH CAN BANG HAY CHUYEN MACH CAU Gém hai mach phan nhénh cau gidng hét nhau LZ, va L,, céc éng phéng P 6 cla B va P, 6 cia D, céch vong xuyén mot doan./4, nhur duge mé ta trong hinh 4.8, May phat duge néi véi cira A,, may thu duge néi véi cira B,. Tai cita D, cé dat mét tai gia va ngin mach dau cudi. Tuy nhién khi phéng ign, tro khang cita cdc Ong phéng khéng hoan toan bing khéng toan nén c6 mot phan nang lugng bi 1 ri sang mach vong L, va suy hao tai Az Gi Di ant Vg 214 gt Di anten hy May phat fo ILS AID Sordi chaauyen mach oan bing > {chuyen mach ca) Hink 48 191.3.3, CHUYEN MACH PHA ‘ EER YA CEE ES nanoi.com vao muc download de tim luan van Trong cfc chuyén mach anten logi nay ngwdi ta sir dyng céc phan tir lam Kéch pha 90° hoc khong dao pha tly theo huéng lan truyén cia séng khi di qua phan tir d6, day Ia cdc feryt. Chuyén ‘mach pha anten dirge mo ta trén hinh 4.9. Hink 49 Chuyén mach pha hay feryt 4.4 ANTEN RADAR VA NHUNG DAC TINH 4.4.1 DAC TINH CHUNG CUA ANTEN RADAR __ Do ning dae diém céng téc riéng cia céc tram radar hang hai, anten radar phai thoa man nhimg yéu cdu rigng nhir sau - Cé kha ning thu phat s6ng theo gdc phurong vj [a 360° . = BG dinh huéng cao vA c6 dae tinh dinh huéng theo yéu chu cd trong mat phing ngang ciing nhw mat phing dime - Dai thong tin di rong. Céc bip phy Ia t6i thigu ca vé bién dé lin s6 luong . = DG bén ving co dign dim bao, kich thuée trong lnong va huéng cin gié 18 t6i thidu. ‘Yéu cu quay tron la can thi juan sat trang thai xung quanh trong ving hogt déng cia radar. D6 dinh huéng cia anten radar duvge minh hoa trén hinh 4.10 [13] Hink 4.10 Ba hink dink hung ‘chudn ctia anten trong cic hé true toa d6 khéc nhau-Toa d6 wang 6c (a);Toa dé cu (B) [Nét minh tong véi P(t) va nét damm ing véi (E(@e) 44.2. ANTEN LOA Néu mot Sng din sng hé mot dau thi ning lrong cita séng truyén trong dng sé bite xa ra xung quanh va e6 mot phin phin xa nguge tré Iai dng. Ty Ie s6ng bite xa va plain xa phy thude vao vige phéi hop tré khang sng cia éng va cia mdi trang xung quanh tai diém hé d6. Do «6 khang séng cia éng in song binh chit nhit durge xic dinh Ia: p, =120n/, 12, nén dé phéi hop tré khing tit, p,=p, thi Ay/A—+1 hay a—> ce va dau cudi cia dudng truyén c6 dang loa nhw hinh 4.11. Hinh 411 Anten loa44.3 SMiPNPRIeCAMerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim luan van Anten khe hay cdn goi I anten nhigu xa cé nguyén IY hoat dgng nhu sau: Néu trén bé mat dan vo han duge khoét mot khe hep, cb dé dai 2/2 va tai diém gitta cia khe duge cap dp tit m6t nguén dao ding siéu cao c6 tan s6 phit hop, thi khe sé bitc xa song dién tie vao khéng gian nhw mét chan te nita bude sing. a) Hink 4.12 So dé nguyén lj (a) va edu tric cia anten khe tt mét doan ing dn song Ciu trie nguyen If va sy hinh thinh anten Khe duge minh hoa tren hinh 4.12. Cfe Topi anten Khe cia anten radar hang hai lA mt dogn éng dn s6ng ngin mach du cui c6 mbt day céc khe bre xp durge dt trén thinh hep cua doan éng, nhur minh hoa trén hinh 4.13. ‘Van Joa phan xa Hinh 413 So dé két cu ctia 16 hop anten Khe radar hang hai Tuong ngin mach Ton b6 hé thing dan anten duge dat trong mét guong phan xa déng thi IA hop bao vé anten. Vi 6 dinh huéng cia anten theo phuong ngang rit Ién cho nén dé dai cla anten theo phuong nay cing rat Ion. VAN DE VA CAU HO ju 4.1: C6 nhimg phan tir phan dung nang lugng mio duge sir dung trong radar hing hai? mo t hig dic diém chinh ciia chimg? _ Cau 4.2: Nhimg dic tinh co ban cua anten radar hing hai? Cé nhimg Jogi anten nao? Trinh bay du tao va dae diém cua mét loai dac trung? Cau 43: C6 nhimg loai chuyén mach anten no duge sir dung trong radar hing hai? VE va gidi thich nguyén If hoat dng cia mot mach dc trmg?. hi 5: MAY THURADAR suu tap boi : Camerah RSet 8 VS RUB ARR de tim luan van 1 NHUNG DAC DIEM 5.11 YEU CAU CHUNG 6 dai song centimét va milimét, méy thu radar hing hai phai dim bao nhitng yéu cdu sau: - DG nhay cao, dai thong dui rong dé thu khong méo céc tin higu cn thu thudc dang xung - H8 sé khuéch dai di: In dé dim bao kha nang quan sat myc tiéu bing chi bao hién thi, ché 46 céng tac tin cy va c6 kha ndng ty déng bam theo myc tigu - Théi gian phuc hdi hé sé khuéch dai cla méy thu phai di ngdn, dim bao thu dugc tin higu phan xa tir cde mye tiéu & gan tram nhit, 06 ché dé ty déng ditu chinh tn s6 thu khi tin s6 phat c6 sai Igch = C6 kha nang chong nhiéu cao dé cé thé phat hign duge nhiig mye tiéu khée nhau véi xée sudt dam bio, voi d6 chinh xéc cin thiét khi cd tac dong cia nhiéu. . . ~ C6 kha ning thay déi hé s6 khuéch dai, hing s6 thoi gian ciia cc mach dign dé han ché duge ahiéu mua, nhiéu bién, de bigt khi pham vi bién déng bién dé tin higu phan xa lén, CChé d9 cng tée phai én dink truée nhimng nban t6 bat én dink cia moi trudng bién Ngoai ra méy thu radar phai dim bio hang loat cdc yéu clu khdc do céc dic tinh khai théc va ky thuft ciia tram radar hing hai dat ra 5.1.2 DQ NHAY VA DAC TINH Dé dam bao dé nhay va kha nang hién thj tt, may thu radar la céc méy thu doi tin véi so dd khoi dg trung trén hinh 5.1 HH Tydigu a thet . Gants] [hoe fair a > [mee ‘mach anten [*) tin tringtin [7 song |) daithi tin [> Booaine |,_[Tyaongaie ved Ty ng i | gy 5.4 Bhd my hu radar hang hi Nhu da biét, hg s6 tap fim ciia hé théng gdm n céc mach 4 cue riéng bigt mac ndi tiép duge xic inh bang bigu thitc: N,-1, N,-1 Ny-1 N=N, . 5.1 os ik ep H6 s6 tap am cia may thu khi d6 duge xc djnh [1] Nirany —l wen, Noh) Nal, Nise 32) ke Raktg Rakrokun trong d6 = Ny. Nios Nur Nirnap~ HE 86 tap m cia cée ting trong may thu: ky, kis &, khuéch dai cia: anten, dao déng néi, mach tron. 5.2. MACH DOI TAN Mach déi tin bao gdm céc mach tron tin va dao déng n6i. Trong dai song cm va mm, phan tir tron. duge sir dung Ta diode ban din, cdn dao ding n6i durgc tg0 ra nho diode5.2.1 UAC DAG BONE AVEDENE DIGHEBIENW Waload de tim luan van Diode Gann la mt diode ban dan, khéng tiép gidp, diegc hinh thanh tis mot khoi tinh thé ctia cic hop chat nhu: InSb, ZnSe, CdTe, Gads..., khi duge cap dp di: lon, déc tuyén Von-ampe cia ching cb dang hinh chit N (6). Mach dao dng n6i cia méy thu radar diing diode Gann trong thuyc tién duge minh hga trén hinh 5.2 (radar JMA 625). O diy, D, 1a diode Gann, tao dao déng ndi, D,, la diode bién dung (varicap), dé diéu chinh tan 86 dao dng cla mach. V6i giai phap nay, tin sd dao dng noi c6 thé ty dong thay 46i thong mach ty 6 (AFC). Dg “lov =, — 9ng dig chinh >| ‘AFC 5.2.2, MACH TRON TAN a Mach trn ding trong cée may thu radar Hinh 5.2 Mach dao dong noi théng thudng la mach trén cdu hay cfn bang ding 2 ding diode Gann. diode, so-dé mach dign twong duong duge mé ti trong hinh 5.3. Vi: J, = Jp, = fy nén dong dign 6 cita ra cia mach trom I=, +h, =2lysinert (5.3) @, =(@, ~@,,) Td xung hrgng trung gian, néu chia cho 27 , ching ta c6 tan sé trung gian. Hinh $.3 Mach tron céin bang: So do nguyén ly (a), So dé ket cau (b) Trong khi ao, aong tap am trong nar cugn pang nau va cnay nguge cmeu nnau, nén dong téng 6 cudn ra sé c6 gia tri iy =iy, Hip, =0 (6.4) Day ting chinh li wu diém néi trdi ciia cde mach tron cn bing hay cdn goi lA tron déi ximg. 5.3. MACH KHUECH DAI TRUNG TAN ‘Xvit phit ti nhimg quan diém thie tin, tan strung gian cia cde may thu radar duoc chon trong pham vi 15-90 MEL, trong radar hang hai, ngudi ta chon tir 30 -60 MHz. Néu nhur khong cé nhimg yéu clu qua cao cho 46 chinh xée xdc dinh toa d6 myc tigu, dai théng cla mach trung tin duge chon: AF =(k,2,) 42M, (5.5) trong d6, k, la hé s6 phy thuge vao dang ciia xung digu ché, Af, - pham vi diéu chinh tn s6 thu cia mach ty dong diéu chinh tin sé AFC. Néu dé cp ca hé théng ty déng diéu chinh tin sé AFC dai théng cia mach Khuéch dai trung tin duge xéc dinh: Af =(0,7+/1, +24, 6.6)mach khuéch dai trung tan thydng tir 3 dén 5, 36 khuéch dai cé thé dat duge sc 196 HGS SEER BAERS ESOT AOS OMTURES EY dos hay kép, déng cong hung hay léch céng huréng nhu trong hinh 5.4. “>A D> AA Hinh 5.4 Mach khuéch dai trang tan li: Dong céng hucémg khi f= f, = fyp va lech ong hung Khi f# f,* Sup 5.4 TACH SONG VA KHUECH DAI TH] TAN 54.1 MACH TACH SONG Trong céc may thu radar, dé bién déi cdc chim sng phan xa tir cdc muc tiéu ee ve & tan sé trung gian than cdc xung thi tin, ngudi ta thudng ding céc mach tach song diéu bién voi sy tham gia cia céc diode bén din hoic cic transistor. Dé ning cao hg so truyén ngudi ta c6 thé ding mét transistor trong mach tach s6ng, vige tach song bién 46 duge tién hinh nhé tiép gidp E—B cia transistor nhu trong hinh 5.5. Hinh 8.5 Mach tich song diode (a) va transistor (b) $i hop te Khing gia ting khuéch dai tung tin cuéi cing va dudmg tyén, ngwoi ta si dung cdc mach tai emiter 6 dau ra. 5.4.2. MACH KHUECH DAI THI TAN Khic véi céc mach khuéch dai thj tin trong may thu truyén hinh, trong céc méy thu radar yéu clu bi véi cdc mach kinuéch dai thi tin khéng that cao, Tuy nhién dé dim bio hé s6 khuéch dai c5 20-40 Kin (40 — 504B) va khOng lam méo dang xung, nguéi ta sir dung cae mach khuéch dai tai RC. Dai thong cia cc mach khuéch dai thj tin duge chon khoang 2 lin nhé hon dai théng cua mach khuéch dai trung t Mame = Mfg 12 67 Su xudt hign cdc phn tir dign khéng (dung khing va cim khdng) trong cée mach khuéch dai thi tan dan dén hé sé khuéch dai phy thudc vao tan sé. Va dang xung dau ra bj méo dang nhv trén hinh 5.6. «) ( vo Bh) |Ua Hin 8.6 Méo dang xung trong ede mach Khuéch dai thi tan j Dang xung dtu vao (a);Dang ! 1 nung dé ra (3). > > va Dé Khiic phuc, ngudi ta thuémg mic thém cudn cim L. Ngoai chite ning khuéch dai tin higu thi tin, cdc mach khuéch dai thj tin cdn 6 nhigm vy tron céc tin higu khac cin thé hign trén man chi béo uhu: dénh dau mii tiu SHM, céc xung danh dau céc vong cy ly cé dinh RM va di djng VRM, xung dap {in higu phat true tiép hode cia tram radar ké canh (Unblanking Gate); BS, NHIEU TAP VA PHUONG PHAP HAN CHE suu tap boi : Camerahanoi:com vao muc dowhload"de tim luan van Téc dng chung cila hai tic nhin nay goi chung IA nhidu tap. Nhidw tap thudng gay méo bién 46 hoge pha cia tin higu phan hdi thu nhan duge tai may thu va hdu qua la gay 16 loan trong chi béo. Dé han ché céc anh huéng cia nhigu tap bién 45, ngudi ta thudng ding cée mach ty diéu khuyéch AGC Automatic Gain Control; con dé han ché anh huéng cua nhigu duéi dang tap am nén (mura, mii) ngudi ta sit dung cdc mach loc c6 hang s6 thdi gian thay di phd hgp véi tin higu hiru ich va khng phi hop véi KHUYECH (AGC) Curdng 46 song phin xa tai cita vao cia méy thu radar, théng thirdng thay di trong mét gidi han rit rng, dai long dic trung cho sw bin déng la dai déng cita tin higu va duge ky higu la $ , duge tinh bang ty sé: 5,2, $,ldB)—101g 2 [4B]. ddi véi cong sult (5.8) Prin Frain Trong céc méy thu radar tau bién, cde mach ty dong digu chinh hé sé khuéch dai theo thei gian uge sit dung rat rong rai. D6 1A cc mach thay ddi hg s6 khuéch dai theo quy lust ham logarit ~ Mach Khuéch dai logarit. Dac tinh diéu chinh ciia cdc logi mach nay (dang dign dp diéu khién) c6 dang ham mi hu hin 5.7 Hink 8.7 Dang xung phat (a) vd xung diéu Khién TAGC (6) Day la dang ty digu khuéch theo thi gian TAGC- Time Automatic Gain Control, Mat khéc, cfc muc tigu trén bign, thudmg c6 kich these cing nhu ban chit phin xa s6ng dign ti rit da dang, nghia Ta dai dgng cia céc tin higu nay bién déi trong pham vi rit rong. Dé phoi hep vi pham vi déng cia co cdu chi bo, ngudi ta sir dyng céc mach ty dong diéu chinh hg s6 khuéch dai e6 ic tuyén diéu chinh hoge 1a tuyén tinh nhdy bac, gidm tire thdi, Khi xudt hign céc xung phan xa qué lon — FAGC (Fast Automatic Gain Control) - AGC nhanh, nhur minh hoa trén hinh 5.8. b) Hinh 5.8 Neuyén ly hoat ding ctia ‘mach FAGC:Khi khing 5 hiéu (a);Khi ed nhiéu (b) cdc mach FAGC 4p dung trong mét ting khéng dit nhay ngudi ta c6 thé dp dung 6 mét vai tang mach khuéch dai trung tin khac nhau.5.5.2 SWRACR CREO NERVES PR SEONG Waload de tim luan van Duéi tée dung ciia nhiéu mura, tai co cdu chi béo, ching tg0 nén trén man anh chi béo mot nén séng mé nhat lam giim dé trong phin cia cic muc tigu, Xung phan xa ting hop nay dirge coi nh mét qué trinh bién déi chm so véi cc xung bién déi nhanh phan xa tir cdc mye tiéu cy thé. Vi vay, dé chéng nbigu logi nay ngudi ta sir dung cde mach chéng nhiéu mura nhu hinh 5.9. Video aie Hink 69 Mach ching nhiéu ‘mua trong radar JMA625 Khi co mua, xuat hign céc xung phan xq tr timg hat mua roi, tich hop Iai thanh mét chim xung 6 9 rong téng kh Ién. Day Ia xung bién d6i chim chi di qua thank phan thudn tr d6 IA cée diode 1435+ D437, c6 dé din thay d6i no vi tri dat trade cha VR4003. Day chinh la co ché chéng nhiéu mua vva strong mi trong céc hé théng dinh vj hang hi SAR- Sea Anticluti Rain. 5.6 TU DONG DIEU CHINH TAN SO. _ C6 bai hé thong ty dong diéu chinh tin s6 lA on dinh vi sai va én dink tuyét di. Hg théng AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) tuyét déi thirimg duge sir dung trong cc may thu tin higu inh vi dén bién hay tin higu nbn dang dén bién. APC vi sai c6 thé chia ra dom kénh bode da kénh. AFC ‘mit kénh that don gidn nhumg chia dung nhimg nhuge diém rit co ban, Nhuge diém én nit 18 anh nudng ciia éng phéng bao vé cita vio méy thu (i tinh déng b6 cia hé théng. Dé loai trir nhuge diém nay trong mét sé hé thong dinh vi ngudi ta su dyng rng rai hé thong AFC hai kénh. VAN DE VA CAU HOI Céu 5.1; Nhimg dac diém cia may thu radar hang hai? Vé va gidi thich so dé khdi cua m4y thu radar hang hii. Céu 5.2: C6 nbiing logi can nhifu nao thudng xy ra trong hé théng dinh vj hing hai? Cac phuong phap chéng hay han ché chang?. chy a ‘AU CHAI suu tap boi : CamSRHSRB SEG GAT GEE BOOMS R tim tuan van 6.1 CHUC NANG VA PHAN LOAT Co edu chi bio 6 nhigm vu bién dai eée tin higu phn xa thy nhin duge nay thinh dang nhin biét thud tign cho ngudi sir dung. Trén thy té cde co cdu chi béo hign thi durge sit dung réng rai nbd. Chiing 6 cae dac tinh sau: = Quén tinh rét nhé (hiu nur khong e6 tr. = Kha ning quan sit dng thoi rit nhiéu muc tiéu, dae bigt 1A trong ché d6 bao quan sat quanh tm ca cae loai radar. ~ Kha nang xc dinh déng thoi hai hay nhigu thong sé toa d6 va trang thai muc tiéu, Kha ning tha nh duge nhigu thong tin cia muc tiéu va két hop xir ly cdc thong tin Ay cing vi céc théng s6 ni suy cia tram nhu ché d§ ARPA ... ; tich hop céc khi ning cia tram véi céc thiét bj thong tin lign lac, din dung, la ban, do séu, do gié..., thm chi cd soan thio vin bin cing nhuw hhda mang Internet, truyén hinh quing ba. Cac co cdu chi bao dign quang cé thé phan chia theo cdc ddu higu sau: Theo phuong thivc diéu khién chim tia: Dign treudng hay ti trudng. = Theo phurong thite hién dnh: Nén anh sng - myc tiéu den hay nguge Iai - Theo quy lugt diéu khién chium tia quét: Quét ttn hay quét minh, = Theo phucong thive chi béo mdi tuomg quan muc tiéu - tram: tuong 48% hay chuyén dOng thy Trong céc co edu Quét mank, chiim tia dign tir drgc digu Khién va chuyén dng theo quy ludt “doe séch”, tir tri sang phai vA tir trén xuéng dui, Trong céc co cu Quét tran, chim tia dign ti duge digu Khign va chuyén dng theo quy ludt tir tam ra bién va xoay tron déng b6 véi chuyén dng cia anten radar. Chi béo hién thj drge mo 14 hur trong hin 6.1 MLR.0) -M(x,y) Hink 6.1. Cach hién thi mye tiéu * M(R,8) va (M(x, y)) trén man dn 6.2. MONITOR D6i véi mét tram radar thi phwong tign quan sét va kiém tra day dii nat cho si quan hanh hai 1a man binh kiém tra ~ monitor. So dé khéi cua m6t monitor e6 thé m6 t4 tong quét nhur trong hink 6.2 Khuéch di thi tan Hink 6.2 So dé monitor din tie ding CRT meee fp anode 6.3 PHUONG PHAP TAO QUET “BAN KINH QUAY” C6 hai phuong phép tao ra tir trudng quay xung quanh cé dén hinh, 6 - Phuong phap “cum quét quay”, nghia Ia dimg mot cugn quét quay déng b6 véi chuyén dong cha anten tai c6 dén hinh. = Phuong php cugn quét bat dong, nghia la sit dung hoge: hai cudn quét bat dongcing ny ug rh 1) eh a i tg cw a cdc dong Gig hinh Fang Cua 1So Guy TuRt chuyen dong cud ten Chay q) 6.3.1 PHUONG PHAP “Cl C6 hai phuong phap ghép: D6 la phuong php ghép co khi vi phurong php ghép dign, Phuong phép co khi dom gin, higu qua va tin cy song rit kh6 thye hign. ___ Phicong phap dién — co, ding bé théng sensil thu ~ phat duge sir dung rong rai hon, So dé cia hé théng duge mé ta trén hinh 6.3 6.3.2. PHUONG PHAP “CUQN Anten | Cugn quét QUET BAT DONG” : oS srl (ON QUET QUAY” tgo ra_tir trugng quay trong fén hinh c6 thé sir dng hai cudn quét bit dong dat vudng gc véi nhau va duge cp p sao cho ttong ching chiy hai dong dign hinh ring cua bj bién digu theo quy Iugt chuyén déng ciia anten, nhung lgch pha nhau mét géc bang 1/2 aa | nh trong hinh 6.4. Dé c6 duge “bin Role kinh quay” trén man anh, bién 46 ciia cée dong dign hinh ring cya trong cée cugn Hinh 6.3 H6 thing tgo te tnedng quay, day ké trén phai bién déi nhur thé mio? dang bé véi chuyen dng cia anten. CChsing ta cin tim ra quy Ingtbign d5i cia cée dong dign ta0 qué 20, Hinh 6.4 Tao tr micing quay bring hai cudn quet U, bait ding XY, dat vuéng ge voi nhau. Nu tm ciia man hinh tring voi fii ciia éng tia CRT, thi bién 4 dong dign chay trong cée cugn day 06 dang: [lms -Rlknsoa on Tay = RU Kncosct Thay a =O, trong dé © -1a van téc goc cia anten, bién 49 cia dong dign flmer= Jensin Ot 62) Tpany = RI k.ncosQt Théng thudng, viée ghép pha va diéu ché duge thyc hign nhé céc co cdu dign co khdc nhau: bién fp sin-cos, bién dp quay, mach chia dign ap bing dung khang. ‘minh hoa m@t trong nhimg phyong phap ké trén qua so 46 khdi duge mé ta trén hinh 6.6 UsUs a, U, Ww df TsNF |, { Knoak Hl Y 1 ‘] BASC Mach 1 wae EF uv, Ye 0 Tyo n kinh g ung de ceugn quét bion ANUS LLS GRR A AC a oe «, Rov Dong digo trong cudn se cp ita bin 4p quay (BAQ) MGs pha cia dong thi efp cia BAQ ign Sp quay 1AQ) tao quet Hinh 6.8 Sor dé vi dé thi thai gian mé té ‘mach tgo quét “ban kinh quay” véi cugn quét bat dong dit lech pha 120°, 6.4 PHUONG PHAP QUET MANH Negay trong céch doc va ghi lan lugt, lién tigp cfing tn tai hai cach khéc mhau: lin hagt lig tiép va in lugt xen ké, nhu mé ta trén hinh 6.9, Trong phin In cac co céu chi bdo hign th dimg éng tia dign tit nh trayén hinh, méy tinh, radar ngudi ta ding phrong phap doc va ghi trong hé truc toa dé vudng 26 trén nguyén tic Tan Iuot diém theo diém va lién tue theo thei gian. Tramg hop quét xen ké, chim tia bi dau doc théng tin ciia minh thir nbat tir cde dong 1é, dong dau tién 18 1 ket thic tai dong 625 - diém B; ‘minh thi hai, bat dau tir dong s6 2 (manh chin) va két thie tai ding 624 réi quay ve diém A cia anh tiép theo nhu durge minh hoa trén hinh 6.9b. Hink 69 Cich doc (ghi) anh diém trong cv co edu hin thi quét manh: Doc lgn tgp (a); Boc xen kB (b), Thei gian quét hét m6t manh (c); Thét gian quethét mot dong (4).suu tap boi : Camerahagg.qogioame envesitorstpad de tim luan van Trén cée tram radar hing hai, co céu chi béo quet trim duge thay thé din bing co céu chi béo quét manh théng qua vige xi I s6 tin higu. O day, tin higu thj tin thy durge chiéa dymg ede théng tin vé hhinh anh khéng gian quanh tau, dugc bién doi tr lign tue sang dang s6, dé tré thinh c&e di ligu cho « thiét bi dign ton. Thiet bi dién ton sé xr IY céc dit ligu va két hgp véi cong nghé dé hoa khing ché cdch thé hign théng tin trén man hinh. Céc diém anh duge ghi nhén trong toa d6 eye, duuge ghi nhé lai rdi doe ra theo quy luat toa dé tryc giao (deccac). Qué trinh bién déi tuong ty - sé (chuyén d6i tir phuong thie ghi lai hinh anh trong toa d6 eye sang phuong thite doc ra theo phuong thiic trong toa dj deccac) nay gdm cdc bude sau: 1- Gin dogn tin higu thi tin voi tin sé Hy hit trong phé tan cita tin higu hinh (: 6MHz). . 2- Qué trinh Iugng ti tin higu JA qué trinh gién dogn bién 46 cac mau theo cae mite xéc dinh ‘Trong radar hang hai do chit kong chi béo hinh Anh khOng cin cao cho nén théng thuong ngudi ta st dung 4 bit dé Irong tir héa céc théng tin vé myc tigu la dl, nghia IA dai dng cia bién dé miu duge chia thanh 2*= 16 mitc. 3 - Mi hod tin higu dé ghi vao b6 mhé (dc bigt céc thong tin vé ge phuong vi) _ 4 Ghi nhé hinh anh the sau mot vong quay ciia anten vio b9 nhé trung gian, G giai doan may ‘oan b6 thong tin vé trang thai thu (do tin higu thi tin mang lai) xung quanh tram durge ghi lin lot trong 'bg nhé dia chi toa d6 cue, tin sd quét la tan sé quay cia anten, Day li b@ nhé trung gian (Temporary memor) vi van t5c quay ciia anten khéng triing v6i tin s6 doc anh cia hg théng quét manh. 5 - Doc ra céc dif ligu ti b6 nhé theo td d6 phi hop voi vin tde quét cia chim tia f =15.625H2/50Hz va f =15.750Hz/60Hz. Céc théng tin vé hinh anh thyc, trang théi quanh tram XY i cRade Big di “ BO | Mach xirty | | | AD sé tin hig ho dém Cont tail ¥ Nh mee TL hie d Be in oo ——— Tyo xung jou khign Mach tron ding b6 (hd) |] dociahi cdc tin hig. ¥ Hinh 6.10 So dé thoi chuyén d6i kink dnh tie “quét tron” | Bién dd sang “quét mank” bang xi | $6 tin higu. DIA 30suu tap boi : GarRakiaNe PHchPrenhaxoIkHOwNG d0OH Luan van DO chinh xde khi xde dinh toa d6 cia mye tiéu sé duge cai thign rt nhigu néu ding cde phyrong phap dénh dau dign tir hay biéu thi dign tit. C6 hai kha nang chi béo khoang cach ciia cdc muc tiéu trong chi béo hién thi dign tir cua radar hang hai, dé a chi béo thé (tuong di) bang céc vong tron curly eé dinh (RM ~ Range Marker) va chi bio chinh xéc (tinh) bang vong tron ex ly di dng (VRM ~ Variable Range Marker), durge minh hoa trén binh 6.11 du (Cae vong teed dink RM): Vg ey di ding VRM (0) 6 hai phuong phép dé tg0 ra céc xung digu ché chim tia c6 thoi diém xuét hign bién déi trong cée b@ chi béo tuong ty, dé la phuomg phép pha vi phuong php bién d6. w= Ucoseat 4 Hink 6.12 Mach tao dién dip 6 ha bign doi 1- Phuong phap thit nhdt la phueong phdp pha. Ngudi ta sit dung su thay ddi pha cia dign 4p ta0 ra xung dénh dau... Mach tgo xung diéu ché VRM bing phuong phap pha ding bién ép quay dugc mé ti trén hinh 6.12. Sy Ich pha cia site dign déng cim img tong trén hai cugn rotor e, =e te, =U,cos(ot-a-45") (63) Dign 4p (6.5) duge dua vo mach khuyéch dai chon loc, mach han ché va mach dao dng nghet (dao déng Blocking) dé tgo xung VRM. 2. Phicong php thir hai la phicong phép so sinh dign dp. Nguyén If tao xung cia phuong phap duge mé ta trén hinh 6.13: ») 4 4 H, a) [Tao xung |I So sinh | “Sf rao sung [> sng t Léira 4 fen 4] Din xung Dign ap |__| 9 aém ngudns Hinh 6.13 Sordi kids b tao sung VRM bing phinng. php 50 sdnh dign ip (); Minh hoa bing dé thi). Trong céc radar chi bao sé cae mach tgo ra VRM, RM va chuyé céng tae ciia ching hoin toan duge digu Khién boi céc chuong trinh con duge gai sin trong céc 6 cimg cia khdi xir ly trung tim CPU va duge goi ra nhd céc lénh sin 6 tir ban phim nhu cdc chuong trinh clia may vi tinh rit thud tign cho ngudi sir dung, 31i ‘ONG PHAP CHi BAO GO: HUONG, y tap boi: Cains fit anor com) va mus awa ont fe Uh Iuan van Wen te, £6 bat phhuons phap iyo cht bao Boe Phuong v4 bang dion ty tong-tke logi radar chi bo tuomg tw ng 46 sing cta ta {quét ban kinh quay co ban trong thai gian mét vai chu ky quét hoc sit dung mach tao quét phu hi di qua diém cin xéc dinh. ‘Anten ERE avy Motor A Ghep chuy dong, Ma héa -+| Mach ra . INhé khung [hy Hinh 6.16 Sodé mach i Tiga radar (8,0) (X,Y) chi bio gée phuong vj bang phuong phap sd. Com tail BO oho Phuong phap thie nhat, khong duge sit dung rong rai do quén tinh 1én cua né, rat khé khan trong xée dinh géc phuong vi khéng chi déi véi céc myc tiéu di déng mA cA cdc myc tiéu bét dong. Phuong phép thet hai la tao ra mot tia quét ban kinh quay riéng bigt khéng phy thudc vao hé thong quét co ban, hu duge minh hoa trong ti liGu [8]. 6 céc tram radar chi bio s6, g6c phuong vi duge chi bio mot céch rit tign loi hon nhigu va dya trén phuong phép hoan toin “dign tit”, nhu duge mé ta trong hinh 6.16. Trong phuong phap nay, tai co clu quay cia anten ngudi ta dat céc phan ti cm bién “dign ~ quang” (céc diode cém quang) va diém sing déi dign tgi vj tri khi mat phing phdp tuyén cia anten song song véi Jung hanh trinh cia tiu. Khi anten quay céc xung dign 4p duge hinh thinh trong mach img véi géc quay cia anten, Céc xung dign chita dymg théng tin vé g6c quay ciia anten durge ma héa bing mét ma higu phi hop tai mach ma héa - Encoder, rdi duge dua t6i b6 chi b4o théng qua mach dau vao, mach chuyén d6i dit ligu tir dia chi toa d6 cye sang dia chi toa d6 deccac (R,@)—>(X,Y) va duge tron vao b> mhé tao Khung dit ligu anh radar (Radar Frame Memon), 32suu tap boi -Caqrerahensizvom, muc download de tim Iuan van OTHER BRLAY ONT x. Oyen fof REPROCE| z : 7 + i ae chock MEMORY Tartar ]Moxtror UNIT coc | 4 von. ose i Yee ata : i ore cooooe {uu : Lan ™ SOOO OO] Nato | ij +12V oOooooad ” : | F oo0qog : oegaca i ONO] [AVR ' 4 swiren | [sv TRACKBALL Hinh 6.17, So dé khdi b6 chi béo sé radar IMA 7252 6.8 RADAR CHi BAO CHUYEN DONG THYC Khi cing ngh@ vi tinh phat trign, khi ming chi béo cia cde tram radar duge mé rong rét nhidu. Ngoai nhiing chic ning phat hign, xc dinh toa d6 twong d6i ciia cdc muc tigu, chi bao chuyén dng thyc, co céu chi bao cla radar con cho phép dat ché d6 xac dinh toa 49 thyc hay vector chuyén déng cia céc muc tigu, dat ving cémh bio, try gitp tyr déng trinh va ARPA (Automatic Radar Ploting Add ). Khi d6 can thiét phai chuan héa cdc dit ligu tir cdc thiét bj din duéng khde nhu GPS, la ban, tic 46 ké, do séu. Nguyén I xée dinh toa d6 thyc hay vector chuyén dng ciia muc tiéu trong chi bdo radar xtr ly s6 dua trén viée tinh toan truy todn ctia CPU theo phuong trinh xéc dinh toa dé hay vector chuyén déng cia myc tigu: weav+ AD es (66) Dé gidi duge phuong tinh (6.6), can biét duge vector chuyén d6ng cua tau Y, va vector chi chuyén dng tuong d4i gitta mye tiéu va tam: AD... (Object Ship). Vector v, cb duge nh dua vio CPU céc dit ligu cia: Girocompas, tic 46 kg, téc d6 gid, dong hai hr va toa d6 tite théi cia tau tir may 33thu din dudéng dat trér ‘GPS, DGPS, GLONASS. fector chi chyyén. dé tuong déi gitta myc es PUREE HAE SI GRRSGEARInpeeSR YS miu COAOAS ae Bit AR ab hg théng dinh vj thu thiy (radar). Dé minh hoa cho nhiimg nhin xét trén, ching ta c6 thé phan tich so d6 khdi cia mét co cdu chi bdo sé cita mét tram radar tl 000 trén hinh 6.17. VAN bE VA CAU HOI Céu 6.1: C6 nhimng phuong phép chi béo myc tigu ndo duge sit dung trong dinh vi ndi chung va hang hai néi riéng? Nhimg wu, huge diém cia timg phrong phap. Phan tich phuong phép chi bbéo quét tron? Cau 6.2: C6 nhimg phuong phip chi bao muc tiéu nio duge sir dung trong dinh vi néi chung va hang hai néi riéng? Nhimg wu, nhuroc diém cia timg phuong php. Phan tich phuong phap chi béo quét manh? iu 6.3: Cie phuong phip chi bio géc phuong vi va khong céch myc tigu trong radar hang hai? 34sun tap boi : Camera, pa We NRE CHTUNGE de tim Luan van 7.1. NGUYEN LY DAN DUONG VO TUYEN DIEN Khai nim din dung dicoc hid la qué trinh xée dinh vj tri hay phicong hucéng han trink cia con ngwdi hay cde cde phuong tién di dén mot dich cu thé ndo day, trong mot ving dia I hay mét tuyén chuyén ding nhdt dink. Con ngusi hay céc phurong tign & day durge goi chung la chti thé. Céc vat thé dinh shudng va 66 vi tri xe dinh durgc goi li ce méc dao hang [1,5] 7.1.1 HE THONG DAN DUONG MAT DAT Céc hé théng dan duéng mat dat dugc hiéu 1A cdc hé théng ma diém méc nim trén bé mat trai dat. A. HG théng radio fim phuong. Bay [a dang hé thong dan durémg don gidn nhét, sir dung rong rai nhat va cing 1a c6 xara nhdt (1 ‘Trong hé thang nay, huéng cia may phat (diém méc) c6 thé duge xac dinh nhd hai anten gidng hét nhau, <4at vudng vudng gc v6i nhau trong hinh 7.1 a) a Hink 7.1 Anten cia radio tim 7 phurong (a); Gian dé dink 1 hwtng cia cdc antenving A.B, anten eam bién:C, 6 ; hop anten: D=A\C-B (b), aS nin, [May thu Dé loai tri tinh da tri, ngudi ta mac thém mét anten cém bién nita nhu trong hinh 7.1a va nguyén 19 loai trir durge kh phuc nhiy dc tinh dinh hudmg tong hgp nhu trén hinh 7.1b. B. Cac hg thong dan dwing hypecbole ‘Nhir ching ta da biét céc duémg hypecbol (h. 7.2) Hinh 7.2 Ciic dieing dling trj hypechol (a); nguvén ly logi tri tinh tri trong hg thang Decea(b). a qu tich ciia cdc diém ma higu khodng céch tir céc diém nay dén hai diém cé dinh cho trede duge goi 18 cdc tiéu diém la khing déi: MF, ~MP, = 2a= const. ny th xy dumg céc ho duéng hipecbol ri dua Ién hai dé va xe dinh cdc duémg ding pha, xc dinh durge vj tri cia diém do. Dé khic phye tinh da trj (diém N trén hinh 7.2a) ngudi ta xy dung ba ho céc duromg hypecbol khéc nhau nhur hinh 7.2,742 HP ABONE RAN BUSI. YE TIVE muc download de tim lun van ay li cdc hé théng din duémg, ma cée diém méc NP I A. Dic tinh chung cia dan dirong vé tinh Céc hé théng nay thoa man day dit nhat nhimg yéu cau hign dai ca céng vige din dvéng an toan va thufintign cho con ngudi va céc phirong tign mh: ~ Pham vi hoat dng din durimg to&n cu. 6 chinh xéc cao, én dinh va déng déu 6 moi ving bién céng téc tren thé git, - Cach chon dang quy dao phi hgp, c6 thé gidi han cdc ving hoat dng ciia hé théng. - Kha nang sir dung hé thong din duimg vé tinh khong phy thude vao céc diéu kign khi tuong thiyy van, thoi diém trong ngiy, cc mia trong nam. . - Bén canh nhigm vu din dudng hang bii, con céc dich vu khéc nu khi trong, thy van, trie dia, khdo sit ... thm chi ngay cd cdc eéng tae bio hid = Ngoai céc yéu céu trén, hé thong vé tinh c6 thé durge khai thc trong cde muc dich khéc nu th6ng tin lién lac, didu hanh hoat dng ciia cde d6i thu, tim kiém cin ho B. Nguyén ly xdc djnh diém do. ___ Dé xéc dinh vi tri trong dan dung v¢ tinh can biét duge vj tri cia diém méc nao day va xée dinh ‘méi quan ‘moc nly véi vi tri edn xée dink. Diam méc dan deéng hang hai (NP- Navigation Point) chinh la cite diém vat chdt we nhién hay hin tao, ¢6 thé quan sit duc tie tau bid nhér cic phucong,tign KF thudt néo day va toa d6 vj ti cia ede diém méc nay phai duge biét tredc trong cdc hé truc tham chiéu da chon, it nhat tai thai diém quan sét. Trong dan dudng vé tinh, diém mac chink la cde vé tinh. Néu diém moc dao hang NP nam trén cing mét mat phing voi diém do, thi toa d6 cia diém do MP (Measuring Point - ché d6 2D), duge xéc dinh [6] Puce) _ | rel, [Pre — Ane} uel Wave {Aue ~Aye)] Tit cc biéu thire (7.2) cho thay, qué trinh quan sét hay xéc dinh toa d6 diém do MP duge tién hanh theo ba bude: 1. Xéc dinh méi tuong quan tuong déi: (m,,—my,) giita diém do va diém méc. 2. Xe dinh toa dé vi tri cia diém méc dao hang NP. 3. Tinh cc gid tri toa d6 cita diém do. Tir nguyén ly trén cho thy cdu hinh ciia he thing dn dung v6 tinh bao gbm: 1. Khéu vii try bao gdm sé rong vé tinh va quy dao can thiét. | 2. Khdu thué bao, d6 la ngudi hay cae phyong tign hanh trinh can xéc dinh vi ti 3. Céc tram mat dit c6 nhigm vy theo dai, kiém tra, digu chinh moi hoat déng hitu higu ciia cée vé tinh, v6 tinh nhan tao trai (72) 7.2, VE TINH VA NHUNG DAC TINH Vé tinh nhan tgo wéi dt goi tit 1a vé tink, 1a céc vt thé do con ngudi tao ra duge bin én quy dao aha tén hia day véi van téc quy dao cép 1 va chuyén dong ty do trén céc quy dao. 7.2.1 VE TINH DAN DUONG V6 tinh dn durémg 1a cc v6 tinh nhan tao trai dat, ding trong céc he théng din dudng. Dé 1a cée v6 tinh khéng ngudi lai, sir dyng mét lan. Vige lign lac hai phia Vé tinh <> ‘Trai dat, do céc thigt bi thu - phat vé tuyén dim nhigm, duge cdp nguén bang cde pin mat tdi, A. Vén toc vit tru edp T . . : 6d cao bang 0, vat thé madn vuot qua dia tring, ching phai duge bin lea véi van t5c 7,912 kms duge goi la van tdc vii ru cap I. Van toc vi try cp I cing sé gidm din khi chiéu cao quy dao cia ¥6 tinh cang Ién dn via du v6i 200 km Ta: 7,79 km/s, cdn & 46 cao 20000 km van tbc nay chi la: 6,92 kmis. 36FR Ai eels am eeabannl-cemnag maura ahpastatink WR: Ye amt oi cia khdi hinh nén, véi céc vat trung tim (trai dit) nim 6 m6t trong 2 tim diém ciia quy dao v6i ban kinh dan: r=Pli+ecosd (75) 6 day, r-ban kinh dn vé tinh, P -thong s6 quy dao eye, ¢ -tim sai, 5 - dj thudng thy Tam sai ciia elip - Mét dai long khong don vi va duge xéc dinh’ ayia -b')la? =cla (7.6) Quy dao vé tinh sé 1A hinh wn néu e=0, elip néu O1 Phuong trinh quy dao vé tinh dn dung, nhw duro mé ta trén hinh 7.4. Hinh 7.4 Qui deo chuyin ding hinh elip cia ve tinh S: Og - tim tnd dit, A vién circfApogewm); P.- céincuc (Perygeum); 6 - di thudng thc. 7.2.2. QUY BAO VA CAC THONG SO QUY DAO Cée quy dao ciia vé tinh de trang boi 3 tham sé co ban la: hinh dang quy dao; khong céch t6i be it trdi dit; a6c nghiéng cia quy dao, 46 IA g6e gitta mat phing quy dao cho tnrée so v6i mat phing xich dao va duge ky higu Ia B. C6 thé phan chia ching nhu sau: 4+ Dua trén gée Iéch ciia mat phiing qui dao 8, c6 thé chia ra thanh: qiiy dao xich dao $=0"; quy dao nghiéng 0° < ¥< 90"; quy dao cue F=90" + Theo hink dang qui dao c6 thé la: Quy dao tron va quy dao elip, cée quy dgo khac nh parabol, hypebol khéng duge sir dung trong thyc té nén 6 cac phan tiép theo khéng dé cfp t6i, + Duca trén dé cag cia qui dao nguedi ta chia chiing ra thank. ~ Quy dao tim thip LEO (Low Barth Orbit) = Quy dao tim trung MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) (Quy dao trung binh ICO (Intermediate Circular Orbit) - GEO (Geosynchronous Earth Orbit), cdn duoc goi la cée guy dao dia tinh. 7.2.3 TAM NHIN CUA VE TINH Tim nhin cia céc vé tinh trong céc hé théng din duémg vé tinh duge dinh nghia nhu kha ning thy duge vé tinh cia diém quan sét cing nhurcéc diéu kign dé dam bao chac chan tim nhin dy va duge dic trmg bai gée n, duge xéc dinh nhu minh hoa trén hinh 7.5a Hinh 7.5. Pham vi nhin thay vé tinh § ciia diém do P (a) va bé mgt phi song ciia vé tinh (6). Géc nay ¢6 thé xéc dinh béi biéu thire: n=arccos(R, Ry + hy) an 6 day, d6 cao: hh, = R,.(1—com) (78) con mat phing PF, duge xée dinh béi: Py =a Ry he (7.9) 37Ngudi ta cdn x§e, dinh d6,cao toi thié kha nang x4c dink tin.cdy vi tri trong dan duc vp rin AD Pb CARAPRR ABAD RA go miuc Cowload de tia Mian vail” 8 Hinh 7.6. Ving nhin théy ve tinh S tai diém do Pb de dp gidi han d6 cA0 yyy Trong trudng hop nay, géc 1 nhin cla vé tinh duge xéc dinh bing biéu tht: i n=asccos| ReCoSCn) |_ (7.10) \ Re ths Thong thudng h,,,,, = 5°. Ngudi ta con dua ra khdi nigm hanh trinh cua v6 tinh trén trai dt, a6 1a vét bay cita vé tinh trén bé mat trai dt, 7.3 HE TQA DO THAM CHIEU 7.3.1 PHAN LOAI be toa dé va hudng toa Nhimg tigu chun co ban nht dé chia hé true toa dé khdng gian Ta; diém 49, Phu thude vao diém géc dé o6 thé chia thank: = ja tim tuyee doi + Dia tim tong doi - Tam v6 tinh = Céc hé tryc “sao, nhu minh hoa trén hinh 7.7. + Cac h@ truc tréi dat, binh 7.80, . - H@ truc toan cau, Cac hé truc toan cau thutng la cic hé truc dia tim (g6c tga d6 tring véi tim cua dia cau), tir cu6i thé ky 20 ngudi ta sir dung hai hé trac khéng khdc nhau lam Ia: World Geodetic System 1972 (WGS-72) va World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84), - He true dia phurong: Dé la céc hé tryc ma bé mit cia n6 trén elipsoid tuong déi gin gidng nhat voi mot viing mat phing cua dia cau, 6 goc toa d6 tring véi géc cia dia clu. toa d6 diém do, trén ca sé cic phép do thing s6 dao hang, toa d6 cia diém do cing nhir cia tit cd cde ve tinh, phai duge tinh trong cing mét hg truc. Thudng dé 1a @ truc dia tim tuong d6i truc giao, nhu minh hoa trén hinh 7.8. Hinh 7.7. Ciic hé truc khong gian ire giao Hé sa trai (g) va hé trdi dat (2); Gr ~ kink yen 86 0-Greenwich. Gitta ic toa dé tryc giao x, y, 2 ciia diém P va tog dé kinh vi d6 @,A trén dia cdu quan he véi nhau nhue x=R, cosg.cos 2, y=R,cosg.sin A aay trong dé R, 1a bén kinh trung binh cia dia cdu. 38suu taff Boi : Camerahanoi.com wag muc downldfidhdestiA teares aA re dia I: 2, cia diém do P trén du - geoid (a); trén khoi elip - elipoid (b). Gr Greenwich) kink tuyen 15 0, Ry ban kink ri dt, N bin kink dicing cong Kin xen dl tem s Nguge Iai cdc toa dé kinh, vid %, @ duge biéu dién bang cac toa dé khéng gian tryc giao x {+-1 thang 7, 0h Om Os chon sao cho: ler, -UTC|<0,95 (8.20) GiAY CHUYEN THER Do chy dong cia trai dat 6 “ do) dong obit dinh nhu da n6i phin trén, PItTlibiidd 3 ‘TAL hang nim vugt UTI Ti 0,82s, TAL hang nam vugt UTI 180,82 s, nén thang 54 55 56 57 58 12 do UTC diéu chinh 2 lin trong mét nam, nhwt minh hoa trén hinh 8.5. Hinh 8.6 30 théng sau, 23h 59m 598 1 thang 7,0 hOm Os minh hoa quan hé gitta cdc thang do thei gian, trong thyc 18 c6 thé chia thanh Wr Minh 85 Minh hoa “ gidy chuyén tiép nhién va nhan tao (mau nguyén tir Gidy duong(a), gidy dm (b). 45 4Su chéaHdaub tbin SOMETRRAD PE CARL kRRIgMRCDLOPYaload de tim luan van DUTI=UTI-UTC (821) THA Thang do thé gian, dya vao Thang do thi gion, dva chuyén dong cia tri dt trén cfc miu nguyén ti Ure + Hinh 8.6 Quan hé gita cae thang do thet gian, diva trén z TAL chuyén dong cuiatréi dt va unt ede mu nguyén te x lurt-urc|<09s ur2 2 VAN DE VA CAU HOL Cau 8.1: Cac phsong phip do khodng céch gid dinh trong céc he théng din duémg vé tinh, Uu, nhuge diém cia timg phuong phép? 46. Chi 9: HE THONG GPS - NAVSTAR |. suu tap boi : Can@tthahgi Got uso mide download de tim Iwan van He théng din duéng vé tinh cia MY GPS - NAVSTAR (Global Position System - Navigation System Time And Ranging) tiép theo duge goi ngin gon a GPS. Dé Ta mot hé thong xéc dinh vi tri ctia ti bao ako phép do hodng cich gitathué bao va ve tinh gin tiép thug qua phép do khodng thd gian ciia tin higu tt vé tinh téi thué bao. 9.1 CAU TRUC VA NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG 9.1.1 GIGI THIEU CHUNG Do nhiing khiém khuyét co ban ciia hé théng Transit, 6 MY ngudi ta da tich eye tién hanh céc céng vige xiy dung mét hé théng din duéng khdc, hodn toan méi, thoa man tit cd cdc yéu cdu cia cong Léc dn dudmg hang hii, hang khong va duéng bé.hign han, dé la: = Xéc dinh vj tri cia thué bao & moi noi, moi liie va trong moi diéu kign moi trudng. | - Hé thong c6 thé x4c dinh vj tri thué bao véi sai sé trung binh nhfn khéng qué 10 m, vn téc chuyén d6ng ciia thué bao khéng qué 0,1 m/s, sai sé thdi gian khong qué Ips. Hg thong c6 kha nang chong tac nghén. - HG théng c6 kha nang chéng lira gat. ~ Tram thué bao Ia thy dng (chi thu khéng phi). - Sir dung hé théng min phi, ki can thiét phi t6n ta ci thiéu. - V6 tinh e thé sir dung dé mang cdc tai c6 ¥ ngbia quan sy. Vé tinh duge bao dam khéng bj hong héc do bite xa laze va chén dng co Khi. Céng cuge xiy dumg hé théng GPS kéo dai gin 20 nim, bat ddu tir thang 7 nm 1974 va hoan chinh vio ngay 17.7.1995. S6 lugng vé tinh Ia 24 chiée dirge bé tri tren 6 quy dao khAc nhau [6]. Nady nay, hé théng GPS do B6 Quéc phing My quan ly va diéu hanb. Hé théng GPS, bao gm 3 khdu: Khau mit dat, khau vii tru (cdc vé tinh) va khau thué bao. 9.1.2 NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG. Nguyén ly hoat déng cla hé thing GPS dua trén phép do khoang céch gid dinh p' tai may thu thué bao théng qua vige do khodng théi gian lan truyén cia song dign tr tir v@ tinh toi may thu. Khi d6: 2 =P cat, +c(Aty Ate) +eAt, +E, (9.1) Két qua do ding thdi 4 khoang cach gia dinh t6i 4 vé tinh khéc nhau cé thé tim nghiém ciia hé phuong trinh din dudng: 92) cop" 9.2 KHAU VU TRU 9.2.1 THONG SO QUY DAO, SO LUQNG VA CACH BO TRI C4u hinh nguyén thay dugc khing dinh vao nim 1973 1a 24 vé tinh, phan bé déu én 3 quy dao (3 x8), gc nghiéng quy dao Ta 63°, chiéu cao la 20.335 Km, céc quy dao céch nhau 120" theo dusmg kinh tuyén, Vai ba nim sau, ade nghiéng 2 ds e nay gidm xudng 53°, s6 rong quy dao ting He a ¥ len 6 quy dao (4 x 6=24). D6 cao ciia quy Ci dao trong phyong an nay 1A 20.138 Km, vn téc chuyén dong 1 3,87 Kms va chu ky quay cia vé tinh 1a 11 gid 57 phiit 58,3 gifly (mOt nia ngay). C6 thé quan sat khéng it hon 4 vé tinh, véi xic suat téi 0,9996, Khi h, 4, > 5°. Cc quy dao duge 7 . Ij higu tir A dén F, céc v6 tinh trén cing mS “ mgt quy dao duge ky higu tir 1 dén 4 vi dy oe ee A-3, D-4, Céch phin bo 24 vé tinh duge ii si ‘gi6i thigu trén hinh 9.1 a 3 ‘Tix nim 2000, sau h@i théo chau Au 47 Hinh 9.1. Sé lung va phan bd vé tinh GPS. ‘thi hai tai Tuluze, (lugng vé tinh dyephong tang lén 4 chide (4 x 5) ya (2 x.4)]. Hinh 9.2 are st of 27, v6 tinh trén ing ny aU EAR dhe GPRD AUS LOND WAG ALR COMB MAOE A NM ROaDO gio UTC ngay 25 thang 2 nam 1998, toan Khéng doi ximg, Qua hinh vé cho thiy, ké ca trrdmg hgp 4 hay 5 6 tinh trén , cing quy dao, céch bé tri ching | ten guy deo oan Khong dot xing, van ‘Vi d6,vé tinh [°] / Bs il, 17h pa 9.2.2 CAU TRUC VE TINH | ‘Tat c& cde vg tinh cia he théng GPS cho dén nay da duoc sin xudt hay dang trong. thiét ké c6 thé chia Tam $ thé hé, méi thé hg durge dic trmg bai tén goi TA block, dé li cdc Khoi O, 1, Il, Ha 1m va IIR. Céc vG tinh “Block Ila” TR ngoai céu tric ty mang c6 thé Hinh 9.2 Ciich bd tri 27 vé tinh trén qu} dao kira 7 hg théng phy nhur sau: H¢ théng dica vé tinh vito qu dao; He théng bdm theo va digu; HE th kiém tra dé cao va vin téc ciia vé tinh; Hé thong kiém tra céng téc ctia cdc déng co; Hé thang din duéng; Hé thong kiém tra nhigt, Nguén nudi Cée vé tinh “block IV/TIa” c6 trong hrong khoing 900 Kg, bao gm khong 65.000 eéc céu kign khée nau, 9.2.3 TAN SO SONG MANG. Tit ca cde vé tinh trong hé théng lin tuc phat di cdc tin higu trén 2 tin sé séng mang khéc nhau trén bing L va S: f, =10,23MHzx154=1575,42MHz va f,=10,23MHex120 = 1.227,6 MHz. Ngoai mye dich xée dink vj tr, tt cd cde vé tinh cn phat s6ng & tn s6 1.381,05 MH cho cée mue dich khée nifa, Tin s6 1,783,84 MHz ding cho vige truyén cfc thong s6 cita vé tinh vé cde tram mat dat va efe moi ign lac trdi dt - vé tinh duge truyén trén tn s6 2.227,5 MHz 9.2.4 PHUONG PHAP DIEU CHE ‘S6ng mang bj bién digu bién dé - pha béi cic ma nhj phan PRN: P(t), C,(1) va thong béo vii tru durge ma héa D,(f) cia may phat v6 tinh thir fc6 dang S(O =A, P(.D,().cos(2n f,1) +24, ().D,(O.sin(2r ft), (93) S.a(0) = By PD.D,().c0s(2x ft) (94) MA P(t), logi ma chinh xéc (P ~ Precis, hay Protected - durgc béo mat); Ma phé thong C(s), C/A -Coarse Acquisition hay Clear Acquisition - truy nh§p ty do; Ma D(t) (Depose ~ hru tri), Ia eée thong béo vii try, So dé khéi cia qua trinh tgonén ede tin higu phat di tir cée vé tinh duge minh hoa trén hinh 93. 48suu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van 10,23 | Dich pha 90° Ly >| SObit/s phdt cia cde vé tinh GPS. @Nhin modulo 2 MEL 3 © Cong modulo2 Céc vé tinh dau tién cua hé thong GPS phat cdc tin higu voi cong sudt 6 W. Nedy nay, do tién b6. cla cong nghé va ky thuat, gid thanh cia cdc thiét bj phat duge gidm xudng va céng sudt may phat c6 thé dat 161 450 W, hoat dng lién tue trong rit nbigu mim. Mite cOng sudt tin higu ti thigu thudng c6 gif tri danh dinh I: - 163 dBW v6i tin s6 1575,42 MHz ma P - 160 dBW véi tin s6 1575,42 MHz ma C/A ~ 166 dBW véi tin s6 127,60 MHz ma P. Phé tin ctia céc tin higu phat di tie v@ tinh trén cdc tin s6 Ly, Lz, trong hé thing GPS dicgc minh hoa trén hinh 9.4. 9.2.5 MA DIEU CHE MA chinh xée P Ta tich cia hai ma giéng ht nhau c6 thé tich ra 37 day ma khéc nhau, mdi mot day mA trong sé nay: PID-X OX At+nT) (9.5) Bn trong dé, n, - céc s6 nim trong khodng (0,36) dae trung cho v¢ tinh thir, T - thoi gian tn tai ciia mét tin higu nj phan (chu ky), nghia 1a 10°/10,23 = 1/10,23 ps a) | PIaBw) f vanw) P. Code 1975,42MHz}f [Hz] ' 227.582 MET [Hz] 20,46Miz “20,46 MHz» Hinh 94 Dang phi cia tin higu phit ditt vé tinh ten ede tin sd séng mang Khdc nha MA CIA Ta ma tinh durge 1023 tin higu, nguén tgo ra ching dng pha véi dao d6ng tgo ra céc ma X; va ma X2 6 tin sé 1,023 MHz, Moi mot chu ky ciia ma nay Ia Ims. Ma C,(1) dc trumg cho vé tinh thit iA tich ciia hai ma C, va C, C= C,.C,(¢+m,.107) 9.6) 49‘one dF tap BUS METER NIN ed MLM WAESRAE TTA ARAN ark ~ Bei sian tén tai mOt xung_nbj phan trong biéu thite (3.8) hay T = 1/10,23 ps. Nghia IA c6 thé ké ra 1023 ma C,(¢) khéc nhau, IA ma code cia vé tinh cho trude. 9.2.6 THONG BAO VU TRU ‘Thang tin dgo hing d6i khi cdn duge goi Ia khung dit liga hoge thing béo vii tru duge chuyén téi thué bao duéi dang "thong bio quing ba” Thong bio nay duge truyén tir vé tinh bang ma D,(f) véi van téc 50 bitls. Méi, chu ky gim 1500 bit va duge truyén trong 30 gidy chia thinh 5 Khong mb6 c6 d6 dai 6 gify méi Khoing (di Khi con duge goi cdc hung con 6 gidy), mdi khung con chira Hinh 9.5. Khung thé gian cita chu kj thang bio vit tru 10 tir ma véi dé dai 30 bit, Thai gian trayén mot tr sé TA 0,6 s va 1 bit hét 0,02 s, nhw mo ta trén hinh 9.5. ‘Trong méi khung cua tat cd 5 khung ké trén, hai tir dau duge goi IA céc tir khéa va ho’n toan giéng nhau: TLM va HOW. 8 tir cin Igi Andi dung théng tin duge tgo ra tir khiu mat dat, bao gbm: - S6 thir ty tudn GPS, sai Iéch dong ho chuan vé tinh Af, , tudi dit ligu, quy uée va site khoé ciia vé tinh, - Thong béo dit ligu quy dao vé tinh, - Diu higu ma PCY), dit ligu UTC, higu chinh dign ly, canh béo cho d6 wu tién, béo dong hé théng (n vé tinh dy phong tich eye) - Nién lich ctia hg théng (24 v6 tinh hoat dong) 9.2.7 NHIEU VA GAY NHIEU CO Y Dé dam bao an ninh quéc gia, Chinh phii MJ ra quyét dinh gay nhiéu cé ¥ SA (Silective Aviability), dya te8n co’ sé Tam r6i loan mot céch chii ¥ va chu ky céc tin bigu phat di tir cc vé tinh, bao gém hai thanh phan: ¢ - trong dé thong tin dao hang vé thong s6 quy dao ca vé tinh bj r6i loan va o -r6i Jogn trong thong bao vé tin sé ciia déng ho chuan vé tinh. Phuong phap thir hai, han ché tray nh§p vio GPS 1a phuong phap dya trén vige gay méo tin higu bing cach s6 hod ma P thanh ma Y. Cing v6i ma Y ngudi ta dua vao hg thong mét ma dac biét nita duge goi la A-S (Anti Spooting) - chéng lita gat. 9.3 KHAU MAT DAT Khiu mét dat cua hé thong GPS cing nhu bat ky mét hé théng vién théng vé tinh nao khéc, bao gdm céc tram: céc tram doi theo, tram chinh va cc tram higu chinh, duge minh hoa trén hinh vé 9.6. Hinh 9.6 Cau onic hg thong GPS ‘Tram higu ram Hi May thu GPS. KHAU MAT DAT93-1 TRAM BOI TERS erahanoi.com vao muc download de tim luan van CCée tram 461 theo (bém theo) tna hin ee tin hi duge dat 6 ~ Colorado Springs, thud bang Colorado, USA. - Trén dio Nhap thign (Dai Tay Dong), - Trén dio Diego Garcia (An Dé Duong), Kwajalem trén dio Marschalla (Thai Binh Duong), - Bin dio Kaen trén quan dio Hawa (Thai Binh Duong) Nhiém vy chinh cia cdc tram nay JA kiém tra, theo doi céc vé tinh khi dua lén quy dao. tinh gidng nhur céc thué bao cia hé théng va 9.3.2 TRAM CHINH Tram chinh cla khau mat dit duge dat céch Colorado Springs mét vai chyc Km. Cie thiét bi va céc cum thiét bj quan trong duge trang bj tai tram chinh déu & ché 49 kép (ché d6 dy phéng), cho phép dng thoi vira tinh toan cc thong s6 dao hang vita kiém tra quy ché cia vé tinh, Hoat dong ciia tram dya on, khong 2 trigu duémg ma thuc hign. Trén co sé nhimg di ligu nbn duge tir céc tram di theo, xée dinh cc higu chinh déng hé thé sian, céc thong béo vii tru cia tt ca céc v6 tink. VA cit sau 15 phiit, nhis m6t chuong tink dic bigt va hing dinh céc két qua do duge eta céc tram ddi theo, céc két qua tinh tod cla tram chink, céc thong bao vé vé tinh duge giri dén tram higu chinh cing céc Iénh lién quan téi céng tac cla cdc vé tinh. 9.3.3 TRAM HIEU CHINH Céc tram higu chinh di khi cdn duge goi IA cée tram cip nhét hod (Injection station) durge bé tri &3 trong sé 5 tram, 46 la: = Tai dio "Nhap thién” - Dai Tay Duong. - Tai dao Diego Garcia - An Dé Duong. Kwajalein trén déo Marchalla - Thi Binh Duong, Nhigm vy chinh ciia céc tram nay c6 thé Ta giri t6i tit c@ cc vé tinh: ede di ligu cp nhat cin 6 trong bé nhé cita vé tinh, céc Ignh thude nhiéu dang khac nhau lién quan t6i hoat dong cita vé tinh va gui di céc dit ligu do duge tir xa, Ten va céch bé tri cia céc tram mat dat nay duge bé tri nur trén hinh 9,7. nse con AED? 2 Cora Spin 4g Master Coot toa eto . Aoviter Station Apa Kaji nsion Island SY) Diege Garcia 7AMenitr Stata Hinh 9.7 Vi tri cétc tram mat dat trong hé thong GPS. 94 KHAU THUE BAO Trong hé théng GPS céc thué bao xéc dinh vj tri cia minh, nhér mot may thu phi hop trén co sé cic phép do va gidi ma céc théng tin din dug, Phép do khodng céch gia dinh & day duge thye hién théng qua phép do khodng thai gian nhu da durge dé cép.94.1 PHEP PO Kl OL GIAN VA MUC CHINE XA . ERS RO HOANG THEOL CLAN, KA MEG CHUINTEISAG ce tim van van Phép do khong céch gié dinh gitta thué bao va vé tinh, dua trén phép do khodng thoi gian gitta ‘thdi diém phat cia vé tinh (1,) véi thoi diém thu duge tin higu & may thu (1,,), duge thé hign trong biéu thite (8.8). Day 1a khodng thd gian tir khi bit may thu t6i thoi diém thu duge tin higu ti vé tinh tai may thu va nbn dang dirge vé tinh trén co sé cde ma PRN ciia n6, nén khAu chudn théi gian trong hé thong [a rit quan trong. Hé théng GPS dim bio cho céc thué bao cia minh xéc dinh vj tr véi hai mize chink nit - Dich vu dinh vi chinh xéc PPS (Precis Positioning Service) danh riéng cho nhiing thué bao dc bigs -Dich vu dinh vj tiéu chuan SPS (Standard Positioning Service), danh cho tit ca cdc thué bao. 9.4.2 MAY THU DAN DUONG VE TINH Cée may thu GPS cing nhur Glonass durge chia ra thanh hai logi: ~ Da kénh trén 2 tin 6: 1575,42 MHz va 1227,6 MEW. - Don kénh trén m@t tin sé duy nhdt: 1575,42 MHz. (Cc may thu da kénh thude diing cp cao, 6 thé dat duge muc chinh xéc PPS A. Nguyén I hogt dong cia may thu hign dai Nguyén ly hoat dong cia céc may thu dan dudng vé tinh cé thé gidi thich trén so dd khdi hu urge minh hoa trong hinh 5.8, bao gdm céc kh6i chite nang thyec hign céc nhigm vu sau: ~ Thu, tach va xit ly cde tin higu dén ti vé tinh, - Theo di céc tin higu thu nhan duge. - Do khoding céch giita may thu va vé tink. Tinh toa dé vi tri va vector vn téc cia phuong tign. 6 céc an phim chuyén nganh [7] c6 thé tim thay mé ta chi thiét ciia may thu GPS. B. Anten cita may thu Nhving nm hign trén th wuding céc logi anten nhur: - Anten Helikal, Anten dan tuyén tink (ULA), Dai Micro Vi bing (FRPA), Anten xoén éc, Anten cé dic tinh bite xq thay doi (CRPA. . Vé kiéu Jogi ciia anten, chi c6 thé két lun trén co s6 hinh dang ciia né, hay cu thé thé 1a kfch thuée cia anten, Dbi véi ca thué bao, diéu cin biét hé s6 khuéch dai, mirctap 4m va khoang nhiét 46 bio ‘dam ché 49 cng tic én dinh cia anten. C. Cée thong 6 kg thudt khai thée cia may thu GPS thé ky 20 Céc théng s6 Khai théc va ky thudt clia céc may thu vé tinh hé théng GPS véi nhimg gidi thinh cy ‘thé c6 thé tim thy trong tai ligu [7] va ligt ké nu: 1- $6 kénh do. 2- C&ich theo dai vé tink. 3- Sé vé tinh lén nat cé6 thé doi theo durge 4- Dé cao déi hru thép mhat c6 thé theo dai durge vé tinh (hy) 5- Tigu chudin chon vé tinh dé xée dinh vi tri. 6- Hé truc tuong déi xéc dinh toa d6 cia thué bao bing may thu, sm thu (mat phang 2D, khong gian 3D). 8- D6 dao déng cia thueé bao, trén d6 may thu GPS durge trang bi. 9- Thi gian xudt hign két qua xéc dinh vj tri du tién, sau Khi d@' mé may thu. 10- Thai gian n6i mang tré li. 11- Tan suat cp nat vi tri 12- Dé chinh xac vi tri duge xc dinh bing may thu cia hé théng. 13- Van téc va hudng hanh trinh cia thué bao, 14- Chi bo céc thang do thoi gian. 15- Biéu thi céc théng s6 xc dinh quy ché vé tinh. 16- Lap trinh dao hang, 17- Bao dong tao ra tai may thu18- Didu kign cng tic ci méy thu. ‘ Sub. FadaNEhe CARIB TAL ARNE AHA URE RaW age @Dload de tim Ivan van 20- Nguén nudi cho may thu. 21- Kha ning chdng cdc loai nhiéu cia méy thu. 22- Kha ning tich hgp méy thu véi cée thitt bj vién thong khée. 23- Kha nang ghép méy thu véi céc thiét bi khéc. 24- Kha nang ghép céc thiét bj khac véi may tha GPS, hign c6. 25- Kha ning céng téc trong hé thong DGPS. 26- Hién thi céc théng s6 durge chon truée,suu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim Iuan van MAY THU TRLYEN THONG MAY TH vourigy | | t (ir tin iu trong ty trén bing kn) TUONG QUAN . i Kh dg Din Kh de Tech sing Boia Tyo ding tn teu i] czods, >} FF trunetin [-*) ing vo tg gun in ong (CPU) lL "yo ahip cho cde kénh : 0 ik cs exe He mane Daoaine |_| Tene bop ‘ea Sui >| 8 ‘Teo tin ag PRN Hink 9.8. So dé ki chung oa may thu din ding vé tinhsuu tap boi : Slamsenhanpikenovi waren letAON’ Epsluan van Tf thdng din dung vé tinh du tén ép dung phong phip sia sai s6 ela ede phép do bing ede tr Aid chink vi sai tha dage We cbe tram ebuin dave gpi li dang vi sai ~ DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System), 98.1 NGUYEN L¥ HOAT BONG ‘Céc tram chun, tén hish so sinh tit ed ed Khoang cdc gid dink p,, ti tit ed ede ve tinh e6 thé nila thly, do duge bing may thu GPS vii Khodug cich tye gy, rb dua ta ede pi te ehéah Igeh, duye a0ild ede nf higu chink cia céc phép do Ap, va gi ti che thu® bao dé ay higu chin Ii che Két qua do dluge. Che gi higu ein nly due xbe dn BP, = (a) Py.) =O10, +BY, +p ~Aly +6) (93) Nguyen I¥ host ding cia DGPS, duge minh hes trén inh vé 9°. rH Bxo Hin 99° Nesyen boat ding cia din ang vi sal: May tha GPS (1): My ph. chtdn (2): May the GPS (3): May hu DGPS (4): Ce vé tin, S53 [Néx dé cp 1 sai sb pa wong phép do Khodng eich do Wie thing bio thign vin Ae, gi uj PRC o6 he vie Ap =6(81, +8, +A, ~At, +0) +e, 69) ge gyi 1 hi chinh vt sal PRC (Pseudo Range Costecton). Va uj hig chsh theo tii gian RRC {Rote of PRC) vik db PRCW)= PRC) + RRCUM-1) 10) 95.2 DAN DUONG VISAI TRONG HANG HAt “Trong thinh phin ct vw cho dich vy din dung A. Cée tram vi sat Hay cba goi la céc vam chun, Mi tram chuin déu duge trang bi mgt may thu chit luonp 20 GPS di gp tinh sin, x46 dh va pi di ede tr igu chinh vi sai thing qua cic tram phit én tin so 285 300 Kila, Bé li mét mang lagi ede tram chudn, xdy dumg tr co sv mang ec tram radio tim phuomg a B. Cc tram kid tra . Khi di hinh thin mgt mang cée tram chudn etn tid tram ki tra, Nhigm wy ola cic tram miy la kém sit li tue cdc host ding ht higu ct ede tram vi sai trong mang, phit 1g sieht ig hog bdo choc bo. team theo di ‘Bao gm ee méy thu thu chin visi, ee may thu DGPS vi mt my ti dp ti réng ih gp. Cle tram nay Kam ta te th ee te higu chi eta ee tram chun, tinh tangent gu ea We {héng Vé tinh GPS. Clu hich eta mot mang din ding vi sai diy dave md té tong hinh vé 9.10 {121 DGPS phye wy cho hing hii, npodi cée thie boo cn e6 ede tram bir phue 5ssup, tap bei: Camerahanoi com vao mue download de tim Iuan van SO aayl 1 Bray hu DOPS cba tv Bea, S: 2etram chun vA may ph tiga chin, 3 tam theo d6id = am Kigm tra Trong dita kiga din dling hang hii, neu fe tho ian gia ti digm tn PRC cia tram chudo wi thi dg si clung, PRC eos thué ao Khne vu qué 105, th sia sai sé xe diab vi ui cia thue bao 6 cich tam [yf ZL Meeuinobas” Fy 1000 Km 1-10 m ten mt phing chin tes L (chi 46 20) ; 95.3 MAU TRUYEN DU LIEU DGPS Hink 9.10 Cu hnh thing vi ‘ai rong din ing hang dt “Xuit phat tinh chit wan chu cia ede hg thing dn duimg hig hii vige tao ra ede «dg kin ket hop boat ding eta ede tram chun, phit di eBe tri higa chin ti may the thu® ao Trt cin thidt, Vi thé, vio diu ning nim 1986, nguoi ta d3 soan thio miu trayén RTCM.SC-104 (12). Miu RTCM,SC-104 rt gidne wii my truyén thong bio vi tu eta cae vé tin GPS. Pay thude vio loi thing, tin do tram chuan truyén div s6 foong. v6 tinh ma ee tam chun quan sit Cuge, o6 thé phn bigs duge Ding chye dang thong béo, die cng boi sb lnyng bign di ela cde ir mA, ThOng tin vé tbii pian cia truyén gm 13 bit, cho phép truyén duye dudi dang s6 nhi phi cde s6 nim trong khoing 0-5999. S6 tht ‘ nbn dang thing tin dm 6 bit cho phép pin bigt 63 dang théng bso Khe nas. 954 MAY THU DAN DUONG DGPS 'Bidu kignd2 xic dinh vi tri dhué bao bing bg thing DGPS la phi duye trang bi miy the GPS va my thu ahi ede t higu chin vi sai ede tram chudn cing vi ede mach khuéch dai vi antes toon, ‘img. Trong din dug, Ring hai, néu vi tr duge wie dinh trong thoi gian tng (real time), ngue tas ‘dung cde cfu binh cho phép bigu din tte thi ed tog db cn xe dinh, Gi phip tt nt Ia mot may tho DGPS tich hop, spa [a m6t may thu GPS di co sn mot modul thu cb pi rj higu chinh va ev edu antes thu phi bp. ‘Cée miéy thu DGPS thug e6 12 Keo thu he thing GPS va2 Késh thu DGPS. Tir2 kéah DGPS st ken thu ee tiga chin te ede tram chun, Ken 2 tin Kiem tn higu Ke bow & phla Ke. Phi Ahube vp tng ehé 46 eng tie cua may thu ma ching ta e6 Ung chi ty dOng, bing tay hay bin tw ‘jag. Deng chinh te dng chi o6 thé dave dp dung ki tbe dp truyén dt liga li, 100, 200 big. Ding chink bang tay dag st dung khi thé boo bigt dye tin 9 va tbe d@ truyen 36 ifu eta tt cf ee tram nim trong ving véi ti duye cia my thy tai thi did ade dinb oi thué bao_Cée méy thu tich bop DGPS o6 thé nit ché 49 eng te Khe nbau, vi du may tbu MKIO e613 eb 6 = DGPS on: Xée din vi nbiy DGPS, néu nus thu® bao sim trong ving hoat dng ea mt tam ‘hin nio diy, ngoai ving d6 vit dave xe dinh nba GPS. ~ DGPS only: Chi xéc di duge trong vg phi s6ug cba ec tram DGPS. = DGPS off xic inh vit dy nhl nbiy GPS ‘Che méy thu DOPS thufe th ky chuyén tp gia hai thiéo niéo ky, o6 Kd ing byp tie vi bin 0 ign, NoU sir dung chi bo mau nén kb mig quan sit két qua tinh Guye rit 16 rang bing eich chy mau tich bap cho ede dt igu nit din 56955 SEHBR BAY UNE A AGES, vao mue dovnload de tim hun van Phién bin ma cudi thé ky 20 duge sir dung rng rai nhit la phién bin da ving (pham vi rng hay sion vn tbo sneha ile GS WABOES lee WADS x stella is Tae Trem Ki ‘May tha chad | cain >| ine pao | Hink 9. Npuyén If hoa ding . ‘ia phien hin WBADOPS iu hin $ gu chin ors visa (Tram | WADGRS theo doi Nei eng quyEt din bit ddu cng vie nghign cite GDGPS (Global DGPS), cho Dig efe hue bap din sy vio nim 2005, st dung tin s6 sug mang L:~ 1,227.6 MH cia bf théng GPS, {ip theo lan 38 sing mang thi 3 (Ls= 1.17645 ME). ‘Cée tr higu chiah dudi dang cde tt mi c6 thé dave truydn ti cbe thué bao duve phép, ubi cic ding suyen Internet Phung phip nly li mt vid Ot ahit ve cong mph cuyen thong hes da rong ce bg thing vé tinh mang tén Internet-based Global Differential GPS (IGDGPS) 9.5.6. UU, NHUQC DIEM CUA DGPS ha ning xéc di vi tri ota ede phoong tia hig hi, tong hinh ti eng nhe neo du gt eich ligne tée thi, hg phi thuge vio thi vu wid chin ade emt vai ma thé ea be thong DGPS. Vi thé be théng dye sie dung rit gr trong kh hin trinh qua céc koh, eo chat hep céc vong ven bign, cc luig lac va cdc cia ra vio cdc cng, Cc may thu DGPS cling ny GPS e6 xin eco slip trinh duge hit ké de bigt cho ede yéu clu din dug hing hi vA cing king tht dtl, Tuyohita he tabng DGPS Kbsng loi bo duye het ede ehuye die nw Tim hogt dng git han cha ede tram chun = 9 chinh xe gidm din theo chity ting cia Khodng céch dén tram chun. =D gia ing nan ca si sb igu chih i sai theo thi giant ic tinh to, Phy thuge vio GPS, Khi GPS e6 swf, thing cing tr nga v6 dune. 9.6, CAC HE THONG DAN DUONG VE TINH KHAC 9.6.1. HE THONG GLONASS Hi thing din dudng vé tinh Glonass 1a hé thing din dug, vé tinh cia Lito x0 ol, say 1b cia Cong Hea Lita Bang Nea. Diy Id chir vit tt cha eée th trong tiéag Nga: Globalnaja Navigasionaja Sputnixovaja Systema hay trong ting Anb: Global Navigs-tion Satellite System. Dé Li be théng. do hiéu boing eich gia dinh gita thu® bao va vé tink dé ade dink vi i cua thué bao, xhi biét tude vi tr cia ve tinh tai thi diém do. Dung vi tri & diy fi bé m@t qua cu o6 tam Ii vé tind va ban kinh la Khong cde cin do. Cau binh va nguyéa fy hoat dng twong ty nhu he thong GPS, diém kc bist eo ban ahi gta hai Dg thing Ti tn s6 sng mang, edeh abn dyng cde vé tinh bang tin s6 song mang, 6 lugng quy d90, dang qu9 dao, chieu cao qu dao, d9 chish xc, Cc thing tin cy thé c6 thé Him dge trong ti Be [2 9.62 HE THONG BUONG TOAN CAU GNSS Do fe hé thing dln dung ¥§ tah cia MY GPS hay ea Nga Glonass phy thuje rit nidu vio eg clu quan sy oa ccm chi quan, nén rt nhibu me, ede Vida nphién eo, ede TO che Qube 6 che th a im du nh ty ring ch pa xy dig mat tg din Cute mi, wip tit ban db chi chiu sx qui i chang cia TS che Dan sy Quée tf, Vai moe dich niy, ngiy 15/10/1993, 68 dai biga cia 1 msde (tong 66 06 9 nue chiu Au + MY va Acheatina) G8 tho thuja so v8 mgt be thing ds sing inh to chu mi ed 37wananss opin lc ery Rv i ate dha tich hop STAD ARAL SUHEN Habtalaac din te tian van 963 HE THONG DAN DUONG VE TINH HO TRE é dim bio c6 duge nhimng thong s6 can thiét o6 46 chinh xéc cao trong hing khong, trong ohing thiét bj b6 try duye xép vio nhém “loai I”, khi miy bay tigp dit, trong nhtng nim cudi cla the ky 20 andi ta bit div ting cudng ahiing céng vie thiét Igp hing bg théng cue b§ dé tinh cic tr] higu chin ‘bi ice be th din gv inh ig hi. Nang i chine dei qua Kb tng gi la céc vé tink dia tinh vi hg thong din dudmg vé tinh dang ny cé tén Ia “cc bé théng din due vé tinh Ad try”. Sattelite Based Augmentation System (SBAS). C6 ba hé théng “da ving” dang ndy nbur sau: he thing WAAS ela Mg thong MSBAS eta Nhat, h thing EGNOS eu chi Av 9.6.4 CAC HE THONG VE TINH CHAU AU Song song voi cic cOng vige xiy dg GNSS nui ta tgn hin tch eve ede ebngvige xy dung, tigp theo che hé thong vg tn va ede gid pip hd ty cho eae hg thng hig hash, Newwi t dy kign m6 gt hé thong hogt ding tong mt thi gian ait dinh aio diy va Th mi trong nbteag phn ea bp thong ‘GNSS2. Cing vige nly dave ede made chin Av die bigt quan tim. Do la eae hp thing: chung tinh EUROFIX, hg thing din dmg vé tinh chis Au ENSS, he thing PROPNASS va thing GALILEO. Chi tid vé oe bg thing my’ 06 thé tm doe tog 1 (2). VAN bE VA CAU HOT ‘Céu 9.1: Nrimg nét cg ban cia he thing GPS-NAVSTAR cfc khiu cia be thing? Trish bay nguséo i do Khodng cdch pi dish thing qua xe dj th pian ea tin higu ve tink? Ci 9.2: Nising sui sb thBng vi sai 6 8 ¥ trong he thing din dug vg tinh GPS hua pip Khe ph. ‘ ‘Ci 9.3: Thé nota thing din ding vi sai? Nguyéa 1 boat dng, ef hi va nhitag phuomg hip wuyén git iu chink? cae TAL LIEU THAM KHAO [1]. Teds Dae Enh: Vo myn din vg hai. NXB Gio thong van ti, 12 NGi 2008, 189 wr [I]. Ten Die Enh: Dain dicing vé tink. NXB Giao thOng vin ti, Hh npi, 2008, 224 e. [3] - AMBjrasevski: Radiolokasijonnye cudovyie sistemy. NXB, Cudostrojenie, Liga bang Nga 1993, 349 [4] -T. A Ovechkin: Palupravodnitovyie pribory. NXB, Vyzse Skola, Moskova 1979. 374 [5] -Manual and technic instruion of IMA 625 radar, IRC, 1990 [6] J. Hennel: Biekronicne lampy . NXB, Naukovo- Technicane, Warszawa 1972, 527 t. [7] -R Lidwin, MSuski: Technika microfalowa . NXB, Naukowo-Techiczaa", War. 1979, 654 te [8]- D1. Bem: Anteny i rozchodzenie se fal radiowych . NXB, Naukowo-Techniczoe, Warszawa 1973.479 4, [9] - Hansen RC: Microwave Scanning Antennas Vol -1964, Vol2 -1986. New York, Lodoa, Academic Press. [10] ~ D. G. Fink, D. Christiansen: Electonics Engineers’ Hand Book. Thitd Eéition 1994 ‘McGraw Book Company. [11] Manual and technic insrution of JMA 3910 radar, SRC, 2001 [12] ~ Bf Hoang Tikn, Va Bite LY: Gio tink trayén kink. NXB, Khoa hoe va KY thust, HA NOi 2001, 404 tr. [13] Goede W-General requirments for maritime satellite system. Telecommsica- tion Journal 1991, vol 38. Nr. 5, p. 411-419. 38| Jap Seoneyah Sytem soaltare nengach mera) MX, Fung Roywoia We AiflaeRaeneski Soren arelier commerical ie Raa nag® We [15] - Langley RB. RTCM SC — 104 DGPS Standards. GPS World, May 1994. [16] - Volosov P.S., Dubinco I. C. Complex morskoj sputikovoy navigasji NXB, Cudostrojenie. ‘Moskova 1997, 248 t 17), Hofmann B., Lichienegger H., Colins J. Global Positioning system Theory and Practice, ‘Wieden ~ New York 1997, 9sun tap boi : Camerahanoi SAY BOTAN TAR toad de tim Iuan van 1- Mi dé hi du chai cw & ha phan Bhi mh, nin vide chon ec cu hi thi cho tig dew thé cia ing Khoa oe, hod todn do pido ven ging day que dink 2. Tho tema ni dé th 75 ph kg Ad chip dé dé os. 3. ly cing chinh lace ctu ho im tra tg phn trong gud rink gtng dy cho ghdo vit. Mit hid oa e6 pte va thik lcmg la 4S pt Ong Ad chip do dé 8). Céu 1: C6 ohitng héthéng dinh vi ndo? Trinh biy nguyén ly host dng cia he thdng dinh vi phit séng lig tue khong dieu che? (Cau 2: Co shin he thng dish vi mio? Trinh bay nguyen If boat dng cia bh thbg inh vi phi sng lin tuo dita che? Céu 5: C6 ahitng hé thing dinh visio? Tvinh biy nguyen ly boat dng cia he thing dish vi pit sung? (Cu 4 Ligt ke cc thing sb Khai thie vi Ky thust cba hg thing Radar hing hi vi nh xé? Ci 5: Ve va pti thich sod Ki cua my phi radar hing hii? Nguyén ly a0 dao dg su cao 1g dén Manhctron va eb dc tin ey bin cia 8. ‘Caw 6: Ve va gti hich nguyen Iy oat dgng eda mgch dit ehé xung dung ty, shtng ie inh ea rach ny? ‘Cau 7: V8 va gi thich su Ub Kh6i eta mgch didu ehé xung ding dug day dai? Neuyéo I¥ oat ‘gag va ahimg de tinh cia mach ny? Cau 8: C6 ohitng phn ti phn dung ning lagag nio duye st Jung trong radar bing hil? m6 tb img de dim chinh cia ching? (Cau 9: Nhimg dic tin cu bin ca anten radar bing hii? Cé nbn log anten ni? Tinh bay cfu ‘go va dic diém cs mot lai de ime? Cau 10: Cé him log chuyén mgeh anten abo duye sir dung trong radar hing bai? VE va gi ‘hich nguyén If hogt dug cha mgt mach de trug? we ‘Caw 11 Nhimg. dic diém cia may thu radar hing hai? V6 va gi hich so 4B ki eva my thu radar hing bi (Cau 12: Cé obitog toni can uhiéw no thang xy ra toug bg thug dinh vj ing bai? Ce phavng hip ehdng hay han che emg? ‘Cau 13: C6 ohiing. phoong phip chi béo mc tiéu sto duye sir dung trong dinh vi ndi chung va ‘hing hii nbi ring?” Nhiing wu, nhuge dim cia tng phoong phip. Phin ich phuong phép chi bio quét ‘cau 14: C6 aitog phuong php chi bo mvc téu nto duge sr dung tong dinh vi nd chung va ‘hing hii nbiréng” Nhimg wu, nape dim oi Hing phuome php. Phin ich phaoug php chi hao quct minh? caw Is (Cau 16: Nguyén Wf chuog v2 din duing VTP? Tsink biy phuwng pip xicdiah te 06 diém do ‘woog da during V8 tinh ‘Caw 17: Cis phe php do khodng cich 38 dinh tong cde bs thing dln dine ve tinh, Va, ahuge diém ei tise phevoe pai? Cau 18: Nhtug nét oo ban cba bf thing, GPS-NAVSTAR céc khiu cla thing? Toh bay 1guyén If do khoang céch pit dish thong qua xe inh thi gan Wi ea tn hu v6 tinh? phuvng phip chi bio pS phuong vi vA khodng céch mye teu trong radar hing hii? Cin 19: Noir sai x6 thing va sa a of {tong be thbng dis ding vf tinh GI vag pip kbie phys, . ‘Cu 20: The nio lah tng din ding vi sai? Nenyn 1 hoot dng, edu Hiah va ah phoong ip tuyéa pi tiga chinh? Ciesuu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com P&B Wile download de tim luan van PHIEU THI 6:01 Tradg BO mon Mon hge: INIT VIVA DAN BUONG Hit Lap: (Thai gan Tam Bai75 phat} (Caw 1: C6 abn. bg thing dinh vi nto? Trinh bay nguyén If host dong cia Bé thing din vi phit sing Tign we kong dieu cha? (Cau 2: Thé nio 18 hg thing din duimg vi sai? Nguyen Iy boat d6ng, ef hin va a sraydn gi tr igu chi 12 phone phip ipo tinh ring Tage Ohta od va im bn pea Sd PHIeU THI . Sé 202 Trang B mon KF Mon hoe: BINILVI VA BAN DUONG Iilt Lép THAD gian Tar DIT phar) (Cau 1: C6 hing he théng diah vj mio? Trinh bay nguyén If oat dGing cba b§ thing diab vi phit song Tign te o6 digu che? (Ci 2: Nisin nit co bin ct he théng GPS-NAVSTAR cfc Khu ela bg thing? Tih bay nguyen 1 do kong ech gis dn thong qua xis din hoi gin i ca tin bigs We tinh? Hoe sinh Rhy ape Cha xo va lim ban phatsuu tap boi : Camerahanoi.com vao muc download de tim luan van Tring BS mon PHIEU THI 6:03 Ménhge: BINH VIVA DAN DUONG HT op (Thi gan Tam Pai 75 phar) (Cau 1: C6 shag be théng dinh vj nio? Trinh biy nguyéo If hogt dOng ela hé thing dinh vi phét (Cau 2: Cie phuong phip do khodng cic gi dinh tong ede he thong din dung vé tinh. Vu, nhuge «dim cia timg phurong php? “Toe ah Ring dere chia vod vb Tam ba phd Trang Bp mon ky PHEW THE Sb 04 Ménhge: BINT VI VA DAN BUONG Ht Lép (That gan Tam bai 75 phar) 9 thug eta hg thing Radar bing hii va obi xét? Ci 2: Nguyen If chung v8 din ding VTP? Tinh bay phavng phip nic dinh ga 49 dig do tong

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