eran AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER @ Thai Technics.com @ Be... Welcome, click to home hi AxiAOE ThaiFRaAxAOcOa, aitechnics.com, Aviation Website| AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION SYSTEM = Aircraft Navigation AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER ADF (Automatic Direction Finder) is the radio signals in the lowto medium frequency band of 190 Khz. to 1750 Khz. Itwas widely used today. Ithas the major advantage over VOR navigation in the reception Is not limited to line of sight distance. The ADF signals follow the curvature of the earth. The maximum of distance is depend on the power of the beacon. The ADF can receives on both AM radio staton and NDB (Non-Directional Beacon). Commercial AM radio stations broadcast on 540 to 1620 Khz. Non-Directional Beacon operate in the VHF Omni Range frequency band of 190 to 535 Khz, VOR Automatic Direction ADF COMPONENTS: Finder * ADF Receiver: pilotcan tune the station desired and to select the mode of ADE, operation, The signals received, amplified, and converted to audible voice or morse code transmission and powers the bearing indicator. Long Range Navigation LORAN System GPs Qk: * Control Box (Digital Readout Type) : Most modem aircrafthas this type of control in the cockpit In this equipment the frequency tuned is displayed as di readout, ADF automatically determines bearing to selected station and iton the RMI. * Antenna : The aircraft consist of two antennas. The two antennas are called LOOP antenna and SENSE antenna. The ADF receives signals on both loop and sense antennas. The loop antenna in common use today is a small flat antenna without moving parts. Within the antenna are several coils spaced at various angles, The loop antenna sense the direction of the station by the strength of the signal on each coil but cannot determine whether the bearing is TO or FROM the station, The sense antenna provides this latter information * Bearing Indicator: displays the bearing to station relative to the nose of the ‘ow thaitecnies.cominaviadt im “4evan [AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER aircrat. Relative Bearing Is the angle formed by the line drawn through the center line of the aircraftand a line drawn from the aircraftto the radio station. Magnetic Bearing is the angle formed by a line drawn from aircraftto the radio station and a line drawn from the aircraftto magnetic north (Bearing to station), Magnetic Bearing = Magnetic Heading + Relative Bearing Magnetic North Relative bearing Magnetic bearing to station TYPE OF ADF INDICATOR Fourtypes of ADF indicators are in use today. In every case, the needle points to the navigation beacon. Those four types are: * Fixed Compass Card :Itis fixed to the face of instrument and cannot rotate. 0 degree is always straightup as the nose of aircraft The relationship ofthe aircraftto the station is refered to as" bearing to the station "MB oraircraftto magnetic north. This type of indicator, pilot must calculate for the bearing by formular MB =RB+MH * Rotatable Compass Card : The dial face of the instrument can be rotated by a knob. By rotating the card such that the Magnetic Heading (MH) of the aircraftis adjusted to be under the pointer at the top of the card ‘ow thaitecnies.cominaviadt im 28eran ‘ow thaitecnies.cominaviadt im AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER The bearing to station (MB) can be read directly from the compass card without calculation and make iteasy for pilot Today , they designed automatically rotate the compass card of the instrumentto agree with the magnetic heading (MH) of the aircraft, Thus MB to station canbe read atany time without manually rotating the compass card onthe ADF face. * Single-Needle Radio Magnetic Indicator : Radio Magnetic Indicator is an instrument that combines radio and magnetic information to provide continuous heading , bearing , and radial information, The face ofthe single needle RMIlis similar to that of the rotatable card ADF. * DualNeedle Radio Magnetic Indicator : The dual needle RMlis similar to single needle RMl except thatithas a second needle. The first needle indicated just ike single needle. inthe picture , the yellow needle is a single which indicate the Magnetic Bearing to the NDB station . The second needle is the greenneedle inthe picture OPERATION ADF operate in the low and medium frequency bands. By tuning to NDB station or Tbmsweroiad AEA dgstetnrs. MiB trad Ere hon iElentficltiercidforinditiatcisy beatfiitsiiectte thakrominnicdiathainsrafid Airport Facility Directory. The ADF has automatic direction seeking qualities which resultin the bearing indicator always Pointing to the station to which itis tuned. The easiestand perhaps the most common method of using ADF , is to" home "to the station . Since the ADF pointer always points to the station , the pilot can simply head the airplane so thatthe pointeris on the 0 (zero) degree ornose position when using a fixed card ADF The station wil be directly ahead of the airplane. Since there is almost always 3i8eran ‘ow thaitecnies.cominaviadt im AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER some wind ataltitude and you will be allowing for drif, meaning that your heading will be different rom your track. Off rack , ifthe aircraftis leftof track, the head of the needle will point right of the nose. Ifthe aircraftis right of ack , the head of the needle will pointleftofthe nose. © For fixed compass card , ifyouare not fly Homing and you wantto fly heading at some degrees. You must use the formular MB = MH + RB to find outwhat degree the ADF pointer should be on, Today , the fixed card indicator is very unsatisfactory for every day use which can still be found on aircraft panels butnot many planes that pilot actually uses it due to ithas easier type of indicator. © Forrotatable compass card, itwas a big step overthe fixed card indicator. The pilot can rotate the compass card with the heading knob to display the aircraft MH " straightup "Then the ADF needle will directly indicate the magnetic bearing to the NDB station, * For Single needle Radio Magnetic Indicator, the compasscard is a directional gyro and itrotates automatically as the aircrafttums and provide continuous. heading . tis accurately indicates the magnetic heading and the magnetic bearing to the beacon. This instruments a" hands off" instrument. * Fordual needle Radio Magnetic Indicator, itis give the pilotinformation the same as the single needle such as aircraftheading and magnetic bearing to the NDB. The seacond indicatorwill pointto VOR station . This help pilotto check the location of the aircraft at that time Hat Qresitties secon © 2001-2007 Thai Technics.Com All Rights Reserved tact Webmaster 48