BACTERIOLOGICAL DISINFECTION

April, 5, 2014

CONTRACT NO: W912ER-11-D-0003-0003

PROJECT NAME: EASTSIDE UTILITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

LOCATION: BAGRAM AIRFIELD, AFGHANISTAN

CLIENT: US ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, AED/N

 ANHAM-ICSS JV

CONTRACT NO: W912R-11-D-0003-0003

PROJECT NAME: EASTSIDE UTILITIES INFRASTRUCTURE

BACTERIOLOGICAL DISINFECTION PROCEDURE BY CHLORINATION

A. INTRODUCTION
This procedures for bacteriological disinfection on water lines are referenced in AWWA C651-99
as identified in Specification 01 80 05.12 10 par. 2.13.5.5 Bacteriological Disinfection

B. FORMS OF CHLORINE FOR DISINFECTION

The forms of Chlorine that may be used in the disinfection operations are liquid chlorine, sodium
hypochlorite solution, and calcium hypochlorite solutions or tablets.
The form of chlorine that will be utilized for the disinfection of waterlines will be calcium
hypochlorite granules.
 Calcium hypochlorite conforming to ANSI/AWWA B300 is available in granular form and
must contain 65% available chlorine by weight. The material should be stored in a cool,
dry and dark environment to minimize its deterioration.
 Caution: Tablets dissolve in approximately 7hours and must be given adequate contact
time (CT).
 Caution: Do not use calcium hypochlorite intended for swimming pool disinfection, as this
material has been sequestered and is extremely difficult to eliminate from the pipe after
the desired CT has been achieved.

C. BASIC DISINFECTION PROCEDURE

1. Inspecting all materials to be used to ensure the integrity of the materials.
2. Preventing contaminating materials from entering the water main during storage, construction
or repair and noting potential contamination at the construction site.
3. Removing, by flushing or other means, those materials that may have entered the water
main.
4. Chlorinating any residual contamination that may remain, and flushing the chlorinated water
from the main.
5. Protecting the existing distribution system from backflow caused by hydrostatic pressure test
and disinfection procedures.
6. Documenting that an adequate level of chlorine contacted each pipe to provide disinfection.
7. Determining the bacteriological quality by laboratory test after disinfection.
8. Final connection of the approved new water main to the active distribution system.

D. COMPETENT PERSONNEL
Mr. Ihsan Yigit Unal, a mechanical engineer, experienced in Water and Waste Water Analysis
trained two Anham-ICSS JV lab tech personnel on how to prepare the Chlorination solution
including health hazards of chemicals.

E. METHODS OF CHLORINATION
 CONTINUOUS-FEED METHOD
The continuous feed method consist of placing calcium hypochlorite granules in the main
during construction (optional), completely filling the main to remove all air pockets,
flushing the completed main to remove particulates, and filling the main with potable
water. The potable water shall be chlorinated so that after 24 hours holding period in the
main there will be a free chlorine residual of not less than 10mg/L
1. Placing of Calcium Hypochlorite Granules
- Calcium Hypochlorite granules will be mixed with certain amount of water to attain
50ppm concentration in a water tank placed upstream connected with pump, valves
and necessary fittings that will feed the pipeline at required pressure flow during
flushing. The purpose is to provide a strong chlorine concentration in the first flow of
flushing water that flows down the pipeline.

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2. Chlorine Dosages
- Referenced to AWWA C651 Appendix B, Table B.1 for amounts of chemicals
required to produce various chlorine concentrations in 100,000 gals (378.5m3)

Calcium Hypochlorite
Desired Sodium Hypochlorite Required
Liquid Required
Chlorine
Chlorine 15% 10%
Concentration 5% Available 15% Available
Required Available 65% Available Chlorine
in Water Chlorine Chlorine
Chlorine
mg/L (PPM) lb (kg) gal (L) gal (L) gal (L) lb (kg)

2 1.7 (0.77) 3.9 (14.7) 2.0 (7.6) 1.3 (4.9) 2.6 (1.18)

10 8.3 (3.76) 19.4 (73.4) 9.9 (37.5) 6.7 (25.4) 12.8 (5.81)

50 42.0 (19.05) 97.0 (367.2) 49.6 (187.8) 33.4 (126.4) 64.0 (29.03)

Calculation:
Amount of Required Calcium Hypochlorite
Chlorine Concentration in Water = ------------------------------------------------------------------
Amount of Water in the Line (Volume of Water)

Where: Volume of Water = 𝜋.r2.L

𝜋 = 3.1416
r = radius of the pipe
L = length of the pipe
Sample:

The required Chlorine Concentration: = 50mg/L (ppm)

Radius of the Pipe: = 0.05m
Length of the Pipe: = 150m

Therefore, the required Calcium Hypochlorite (x) is;

x
50mg/L = ----------------------------------------------------------
3.1416 (0.05m) 2 (150m)

X = 1.1781m3 (50mg/L)

= 1,178.10L (50mg/L)

= 58,905mg

Convert to kilograms;

X = 58,905mg (1.0 e-6)

X (required hypochlorite in kilograms) = 0.058905kg

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 ANHAM-ICSS JV

3. Chlorination Solution Mixing

- Chlorination solution will be mixed utilizing two tanks set on two different elevations
such that one tank will be lower than the other. Necessary pipes, fittings, valves and
pumps will be installed between two tanks for mixing circulation. A certain amount of
water will be filled on lower tank, identified quantity calcium hypochlorite granules will
then be added to the water and pumped in to the other tank. A gravity flow will send
the solution back to the lower tank and thus creating a mix circulation of the solution.
This circulation will be performed for around 10 to 15 minutes and/or until the calcium
hypochlorite granules are dissolved in water. A solution check will then be conducted
using a chlorine test kit in order to determine if the desired solution has been
attained.
- After mixing, the solution will then be transported to site for pipeline disinfection.
4. Preliminary Flushing
- Before the pipeline is chlorinated, it shall be flushed with non-potable water to
eliminate air pockets and flushed to remove particulates until the non-potable water
being discharged is clear. The flushing velocity in the main shall not be less than 2.5
ft/s (0.76m/s). The waterline is again flushed with potable water for about 15 to 30
minutes and should not show any discoloration in discharged water.
5. Procedure for Chlorinating the Waterline
- With water supplied from a tank upstream shall flow at a constant, measured rate into
the newly installed waterline through pressure gauge attached at the end of the pipe
downstream.
- Introduce chlorinated water into the pipeline at a constant rate such that the water will
not have less than 25mg/L free chlorine. The chlorinated water shall be retained in
the pipeline for at least 24 hours, during which time, all valves in the treated section
shall be operated to ensure disinfection of appurtenances.
- To ensure that this concentration is provided, measure the chlorine concentration
using Chlorine Test Kit.
6. Final Flushing
- After the applicable retention period, heavily chlorinated water should not remain in
prolonged contact with the pipe. Water shall be flushed from the valve downstream
until chlorine measurements show that the concentration in the water leaving the
pipeline is not less than 1mg/L.
7. Chlorine Analysis using ULTRAPEN PT4
- As per manufacturer’s recommendation, ULTRAPEN PT4 free chlorine analyzer
measurement range is from 0-10ppm. If the sample free chlorine concentration is
higher than 10ppm, then the sample should be diluted in order to be measured.
For instance,
- If the water free chlorine concentration is 50ppm, firstly the sample should be diluted
5 times with a water that has zero (0) free chlorine concentration to be able to
measure it with ULTRAPEN PT4. The result will then be increased 5 times to find the
real result.
- The exact result can be found as follows;
Sample free chlorine: 10ml (50ppm)
Dilution water free chlorine: 40ml (0ppm)
Total Volume: 50ml
If the diluted sample concentration is measured as: 10ppm
Therefore:
The real result is: 5 x 10ppm = 50ppm

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F. MATERIALS
1. CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE GRANULES
2. POTABLE WATER
3. NON-POTABLE WATER
4. DISTILLED WATER
5. WATER TANK
6. PIPES & VALVES FOR CONNECTIONS
7. CHLORINE TEST KIT
8. 10 TO 20ml CHLORINATED CONTAINER

G. EQUIPMENT
1. NON-POTABLE WATER TRUCK
2. POTABLE WATER TRUCK
3. TOWER LIGHTS
4. WATER PUMP

H. ACTIVITY HAZARD ANALYSIS

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