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THERMODYNAMICS
Contents
Summary - 1
Introduction - 1
Objectives - 1
Theory - 2-3
Equipment Used - 3
Procedure - 4
Discussion -
Conclusion -
References
Sabah Mazood H00330049
SUMMARY
The Boys’ Gas Calorimeter experiment was performed at the Mechanical
Engineering Laboratory to find the calorific value of Liquefied Petroleum
Gas using the Boys’ Calorimeter. Two sets of reading as taken with
maximum precaution, where some values were constant while some varied
in each set of readings.
INTRODUCTION
Calorimetry is the science in which values of changes in the system are
measured to derive the heat transfer associated with the change under
some specific conditions. This act is performed in devices called
calorimeters. Calorimeters are generally of four types – heat flow, heat
balance, constant flux and power compensation calorimeters.
OBJECTIVE
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
THEORY
Most of the values are not given in SI units, so certain conversions are
required.
3
𝑓𝑡 3
𝑚 =
35.315
Corrected Volume
𝑉1 𝑇1
=
𝑉2 𝑇2
𝑉2 𝑇1
𝑉1 =
𝑇2
𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Volume flow rate =
60
Mass of Water = 𝜌𝑉
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
EQUIPMENT USED
1. Boys’ Gas Calorimeter
2. Thermometers
3. Manometer
4. Gas meter
5. Gas Regulator
6. Stopwatch
7. Water Circuit
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
PROCEDURE
7. At the end of the time interval, note all the readings on each of the
equipment.
8. Take 2 readings of the same and note down in the table.
9. Using all the readings, calculate HCV
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
RESULTS
Test - 1 Ambient Temp – 24C
Ambient Pressure- 1.013 bar
Parameter Value Unit Value(SI) Unit
Gas
Volume of Gas 1/120 cubic feet 0.000236 m3
Gauge Pressure 3 mbar 300 Pa
Absolute Pressure 1.016 bar 101600 Pa
Inlet Temperature 24 C 297.15 K
Exhaust Temperature 24.5 C 297.65 K
Elapsed Time 1:30.57 min:sec.ms 90.57 sec
Corrected Volume 8.068x10-3 ft3 2.28x10-4 m3
(15C 1 bar)
Volume flow/sec 8.91x10-5 ft3/sec 2.519x10-6 m3/sec
(15C 1 bar)
Cooling Water
Volume of Coolant 200 ml 0.0002 m3
Elapsed time 0:52.38 min:sec.ms 52.38 sec
Mass collected 0.1976 kg
Mass flow/sec 3.77x10-3 kg/sec
Temp. in 23 C 296.15 K
Temp. out 40 C 313.15 K
Specific Heat Capacity 4187 J/kgK
Heat Transferred/sec 268.34 J/sec
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
Cooling Water
Volume of Coolant 200 ml 2x10-4 m3
Elapsed time 0:40.56 min:sec.ms 40.56 sec
Mass collected 0.195 kg
Mass flow/sec 4.81x10-3 kg/sec
Temp. in 24 C 297.15 K
Temp. out 69 C 342.15 K
Specific Heat Capacity 4187 J/kgK
Heat Transferred/sec 906.28 J/sec
Calculations:
For Test 1:
𝑄 𝑚
= ∆𝑇
𝑠 𝑠
= (3.77x10-3) x (4187) x (17) = 268.34 J/sec
(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)×(𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)×(𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
HCV =
(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 (𝑎𝑡 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 15 𝐶))
0.1976×4187×17
= = 61.68 MJ/m3
2.28×10−4
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Sabah Mazood H00330049
For Test 2:
𝑄 𝑚
= ∆𝑇
𝑠 𝑠
= 4.81x10-3 x 4187 x 45 = 906.28 J/sec
(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)×(𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦)×(𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟)
HCV =
(𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 (𝑎𝑡 1 𝑏𝑎𝑟 15 𝐶))
0.195×4187×45
= = 149.23 MJ/m3
2.462×10−4
DISCUSSION
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