t published in 1978, Reading Greek has become a best. selling one-year introductory course in ancient Greek for students and adults. It combines the best of modern and Tce ee eer se cee Cea widely in schools, summer schools and universities across the world. It has also been translated into several Po eee eee eee adapted entitely ftom ancient authors, including Cece e eatery ew Cece ee pee ee order to encourage students rapidly to develop their reading si eran Soe a eee en eet numerous illustrations, students will receive a good introduction to Greck culture, and especialy that of Cree aCe reece ete Is. Generous suppo! Sonn Con een arse eared numerous exercises at different levels, Greek-English and English-Greek vocabularies, a substantial reference oe Ten Ese Cea CAMBRIDGE Rivas oesg say Seer deal Bu Cir ‘Asejnqer0A pur axa. iy Foto nn Bee aU eat eet ed Reading Greek Text and Vocabulary EcReading Greek TEXT AND VOCABULARY Secon epiniex First published in 1978, Readling Greek has become a best-selling one-year introduc- tory course in ancient Greek for students and adults. It combines the best of modern and traditional language-learing techniques and is used widely in schools, summer schools and universities across the world. It has also been translated into several foreign languages. This volume contains a narrative adapted authors, including Herodotus, Euripides, Aristophanes and Demosthenes, in order to encourage students rapidly to develop their reading skills. Generous support is provided with vocabulary. At the same time, through the texts and numerous trations, students will receive a good introduction to Greek culture, and especi that of Classical Athens. The accompanying Grammar and Exereises volume pro- vides full grammatical suppor together with numerous exercises at different levels, and English-Greek vocabularies, a substantial reference grammar and language surveys.THE JOINT ASSOCIATION OF CLASSICAL TEACHERS’ GREEK COURSE Reading Greek TEXT AND VOCABULARY SECOND EDITION S§ CAMBRIDGE‘Cambridge. New York, Melbourne, Madeid, Cape Town, Singapoce, So Paulo Press Cambridge C82 8RU, UK Published ithe United States of America by Cambridge Univesity Press, New York worweambridge-org Information on this le: wovw.cembridge or /978052 1698511 © The Join. Association of Classical Teachers’ Greek Course 1978, 2007 ‘This publication is in copyright. Subject o statutory exception and the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, 10 reproduction of any part may take place the writen permission of Camixdge University Press. Fist edition published 1978 “Twonty-seven 2007 Second edition published 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom ac the University Press, Cambridge ‘A coralegue record for this publication is avaiable from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-69851-1 paperbeck ty Pros has no responsibility force persistence or accuraey Part Two Port Three Part Four Contents Foreword Preface to the second edition ix Acknowledgements xii Notes on illustrations xvi Notes io the second edition xxvii Athens at sea ‘Section One A-J: The insurance seam Section Two A-D: The glorious past Moral decay? Section Four A-D: Lawlessness in Athenian life Section Five A-D, Section Six A-D: ‘Socrates comupts the young” Section Seven A-H: Socrates and intellectual inquiry Athens through the comic poet’s eyes Sect WA-C: Aristophanes” Biyds and visions of Utopia Scetion Nine A-I: Aristophanes’ Wasps Section Ten A-B: Aristophanes’ Lysistrata Section Eleven A~C: Aristophanes’ Akhariane ‘Women in Athenian society Sections Twelve to Fourteen: The prosecution of Neaira Section Twelve A-I: Neaira as slave ‘Section Thirteen A-I: Neaira as married woman ‘Section Fourteen A-F: Guarding a woman's purity Section Fifteen A-C: Alkestis in Euripides’ play Athenian views of justice ‘Sections Sixteen to Seventeen: Official and private justice Section Sixteen A-H: Official justice: ships, state and individuals Section Seventeen A~E: Private justice: trouble down at the farm Section Bightcen A-E: How Zeus gave justice to men 2 30 4 a 33 2 89 90. 120 130 138 140 144 161 175 183 190 wh 192 204 218Part Six Gods, fate and man Section Nineteen A-F: The story of Adrastos ‘Seven Homeric hero and heroine Section Twenty A-G: Odysseus and Nausikas ‘A total Greek-English vocabulary of all words to be learnt Finding the lexicon form of a verb Convention List of proper names, 25 27 243, 246 261 261 268 287 Foreword possible to compose an Ancient Greek course which would satisfy that criterion substantially better than any course already ex ‘There would have been Greek ure on Greek cont there was a gap ‘waiting for a bridge. Bridges cost money, and when an appeal for £40,000 was launched at the beginning of 1974 by Dr Michael Ramsey and others it was ate to wonder how the cause of Greek would fare in competition with sts were justified: by November £63,000 had been than compensated forthe effect of inflation after due to hundreds of individuals, to many schools, colleges, and in particular to the Leverhulme Trust Fund, the Ernest Cook Trust and the Cambridge University Faculty of Classis. It would not have been difficult to compile yet another systematic descriptive ‘Anyone who learns Greek by the first of those two ways will take a very long time to reach the point of reading a genuine Greek text; on the way he will nore grammatical knowledge than he needs and much an he needs of Greek thought and feeling. The technique of compiling a deseriptive grammar for reference purposes and the techForeword roducing a learner to a language are ute | misunderstanding — are very high, ‘The Project course has been composed and scrutinised by people who care reryone thinks is right. The Project Panel have been compelled ‘may arise on which one man’s suce! ‘Team has been from frst nother man’s cold cabbage. The resourceful, prompt and cheerful in the face of technical difficul hey have many good reasons to prove, forthe majority of leamers, a straighter and shorter path than any of Greek literature as the Greeks themselves knew it Preface to the second e ‘The Joint Association of Classical Teachers’ Greek Course Reading Greek has ), coupled with a grammar ich ruae in phase with the fh review and ‘us indices. ‘The use of the Course iudents should be encouraged accurate understanding, ead the Texr with as mucl possible. The aroun!Preface tothe second ‘The design of the Course makes ime with their teachers each raded reading, supported by fi plenty of reading which they can do on their own Independent learners Students working on their own will be helped through the course by Ar Independe ro Reading Greek (second edition, 2008), Further help Peter Jones, Lear Ancient Greek (Duckworth/Barnes and Noble, 1998) isa very basics of ancient Greek which has proved a Dictionary James Morwood, Oxford Grammar of Classical Greek (Oxford 2001), After Reading Greek Reading Greek prepares students to read mainstream fifth- and fourth-century Altic, Homer and Herodotus. ‘The second partof the Course consists of three volumes -tw0 trated) and a vocabulary - again published by Cambridge Univers the general ubsic of 'The Joint Association of Classical Teacher series, Bach text consists of 600-900 line selections fromm ‘with facing-page voeebolary and notes: Sophocles. , Thucydides and Plato, literatute, The World of Athens (second edition, 2008) Published in 1984 and now completely revised by Professor Robin Osbomne (King's College Ci Preface to the second edition x provides an up-to-6 history, culture and cated and clearly-written introduction to the 1 Wos these casts.Acknowledgements to the original edi Reading Greek (1978) ‘Treasurer, President, Hughes Hall, Cambridge), ACF. Verity (Headmaster, Leeds Grammar School); Miss E.P. Story (Hughes Hall, Cambridge). Advisory Panel: G.L. Cawkwell (University College, Oxford); Dr J. Chadwick (Downing College, Cambridge); Professor A. College, Oxford); ‘year during the period 1974-8 while the Course was ‘divided up into sub-committees to give specific help to the Project Team on cet tain aspects of the Course, as follows: Teer: KA.D.j B.WH | AMD; AHS. (who, with K.D., have kindly made ind- ‘vidual contributions to the Reference Grammar and Language Surveys). Bxercises: MGB RMG ACR. Background: GL: 8. Ebbesen (Copenhagen, De ); Professor A S. Henry (Monash, Aust Professor HLA. Thompson (Princeton, USA.) ike to stress the immense debt of gratitude which we all owe to the icc, Advisory Panel and our overseas advisers. But we would also lke to make it lear that he final decisions about every aspect ofthe Course and any errors of omission and commission are the sole responsibility ofthe Team, ly acknowledge the help and advice of Professor D. W. Packard NN, Carolina, U.S.A.) on the use ofthe computer in analysing and Acknomledgaments ii printing Greek; and of Dr John Dawson of the Cambridge University Literary and Linguistic Computing Laboratory, who made available co the Computer Centre for printing and analysing draft material in the easly stages of the Project. We have learat a great deal from members of the Team who produced the (Cambridge Latin Course, and are extremely gratef your best thanks centres bo! Greek Summer School in Cheltentam, who allowed us to use our ms ‘School forthe throe years while the Course was being developed, Peter V Jones (Director) ‘The second edition of Reading Greek (2007) ‘The main features of the revised. Reading Greek was original fen on the assumption that its users would mow Latin. Tempora mutancur ~ it has now been revised on the assumption that they do not, and in the light of the experiences of those using the course over neatly thirty years. While the overall structure of the course and its reading. ‘matter remain the same, the most important changes ar: Text 1, ‘The running and learning vocabularies are naw in the Text on the same pages tions of The World of Athens (Second edition) relevant to the story-line and. issues under discussion, Asa result ofthese 1 foraAcknowledgements ‘and historical background of the Test are dis- jon Five has been split into two sections, Five and Six. AS @ result, there are now twenty sections tothe course. ‘and re-designed. The aim has ion to some basics of English grammae and its terruinol- nt Greek, mposed for those who have never learnt ‘out more generous on the eye. Exercises accompany the explanations of each new used to provide item of grammar. IF instant feed-back 4, Deck 0 down, been abanconed. ‘Acknowledgements ‘The revision was conducted under the aegis of a sub-committee of the Joint ‘Association of Classical Teachers’ Greek Commitee, the body that invented the idea ofthe Project and oversaw it from ts inception in 1974, The sub-committee consisted of Professor David Langslow (University of Manchester, chairman), Dr Peter Jones (Course Director), Dr Andzew Morrison (University of Manchester), James Morwood (Wadham College, Oxford), Dr James Robson (Open University), Dr John Taylor (Tonbridge School), Dr Naoko Yamagata (Open University). Dr James Clackson (Jesus College, Cambridge) and Adrian Spooner (Manegement Consultan} po years and took decisions Jones, while the Language Surveys were revised by Professor David Langslow. Members of the sub-committee read and commented on virtually everything. Professor Brian Sparkes (University of Southampton) again advised on the iMlustrations. We are grateful to the students and tutors atthe 2006 JACT Greck Surmmer School in Bryanston for giving a thorough testing to the first half of the revised course in draft form, especially to Anthony Bowen (Jesus College, Cambridge) and to Dr Janet Watson for work on the proofs. ‘Cambridge University Press has given its full backing to the revision. Dr iscussed and met with most of our requests, Acknowledgements w Ducker solved the complicated design problems with elegance and ingenuity and Dr Caroline Murray expertly oversaw the com; etext Dr Peter Jones as Dicectoy earies final responsibility for this second edition. Peter Jones Neweastle on Tyne September 2006Notes on illustrations ps Pp? ell right p.l6 pls View of the Acropolis of Athens loft are the Propylaia and small Nike temple; 0 the centee isthe Erekhtneion wit the Parthenon standing out at ‘the southern edge. Photo: Alison Frantz (AT 71). Courtesy of the American School of Classical Studies at Ath ‘Detail of a merchant vessel taken from the same cup depicted ‘on p.7. ‘Attic black-figure cup depicting a merchant vessel on the left and 2 two-level warship on the right. The merchant vessel is round ‘and capacious and powered by sails; the warship is sleek and low ‘and propelled by oars or sail. Late sixth century BC. London, British Museum (B 436). © The Trustees ofthe showing Herakles leus; he puts his axe to a fallen capil, Syleus of Lydia forced passing strangers to dig his vineyard; Herakles uprooted his vines and/or tore down his house. Second quarter of the fifth century BC. Paris, Louvre (G 210). Photo: RMN ~ Hervé Lewandowski, Detail of an Attic black-figore oinakhoe, Keyside Class, showing a ship with one n prow and others in the forepart of the ship — the subject is luncertain. That the ship is not coming to land is shown by the ‘ised mast and sail and by the fact that ships were beached stern first. Late sixth century BC. London, British Museum (B 508). © The Trustees ofthe British Mus buted 10 h some of the ‘trident and a fish. Poseidon is depicted Early fifth century P.22eft p.22right p24 7.26 Notes on ilustrations xvii his staff hela prominent ‘adéed words infront front of him, and the painter has ‘mouth ~ ‘Once upon a time in Tyrins ly the beginning of an epie in hexameters. Early fifth century BC. London, British Museum (E 270). © The Trustees ofthe British Museum. Altic red-figure skyphos, ing a Persian seated on his large wicker fone of a number of representations of have been influenced by the contacts of 2006/Antikensammlung, SMB (V1 3156) Interior design of an Auic red-figure cup, attributed to the Triptotemos Painter, depicting a fight between a Greek and a Persian. A contrasts mace between the outfit of the Greek warrior (bronze helmet, greaves and breas-plate) andthe Persian trouser- suit Both wariors wield curved swords, but the Greek has a shield ‘and the Persian a bow and quiver, Fist quarer of the fifth century m, He is giving an audience to a Median off is making a gesture of respect; in front of him are two incense ‘burners. The poles of the now missing aldacchino separate the armed guards from the central characters. Behind Xerxes stand two high court officials. Much of the architecture and sculpture of the palace at Persepolis betrays the influence and the hand of Greek craftsmen. Early fith century BC. Teheran, Archaeological Muscum, Photo copyright The Oriental ‘Museum, Chicago, all rights reserved. Design on an Attic black-figure depicting a trumpeter, hand on hip, ons. The trumpeter is dressed in armour, Last quarter of the sixth century BC. London, British Museum (B 590). © The Trustees ofthe British Museum, Map of Athens and Salamis. Interior design of an Attic red-figure eup depicting a wearing a loin-cloth and greaves and carrying a shield, helmet and spear. The warrior runs tothe right but looks left; is he flee- ing from the fight? The ‘have a humourous view on life. Last quarter ofthe sixth century BC. Paris, Louvre (CA 1527), Photo: RMN.Notes on illustrations p.38 left p38 ri p40 pad p.S2left p.S3lef Map of Athens and the harbours at Periai Detail of an Attic red-Figure ofan ‘quarter of the Sammlui Claire Ni bur his thunderbolt Second quarter of ‘The workmanship is mos the 8th SMB (10561)(Christa Bega Detail of Attic black-igure one-handled Kantharos showing a ‘man lying on his ber. The woman (painted white) had the duty of prepasing the boy for burial, andthe men now come to pay their respeets and to join in the lamentation, London, British Museum (1899: ‘The Trustees ofthe British Museum Drawing o ye Twelve Gods in the centre of the nomhern edge ofthe Agora, this sanc- of an altar within a Tenced area, was a place of refuge and the point from which distances to otber pat of Greece were measured. The sanctuary was founded by the younger Peisistratos inthe year of his archonship,522/1 B ‘Attic red-figure skyphos, (0 the Eusion Pai depicting Theseus in a cloak and traveling at He caries two. peas. Sins, the pine-bendes, is shown onthe other side ofthe skyphos, seated under a wee and holding club. This is one of| Theseus" adventures on his way from Troizen to Athens. Mid- fifth century BC. © bpk, Berlin, 2006/Antikensammlung, SMB (F 2580yJutta Tiet-Glagow. Detail of an Aticred-figue pike attributed toa painter whois 4 bad imitation of the Chicago Painter, showing Teephos, king of the Mysians, who has seized Jrestes as hostage and has taken refuge on an altar as 2 sup left thigh indicates the place of the wound inflicted spear. Agamemnon (not shown) faces him a quarter of the fifth century BC. London, Bri 382). © The Trustees ofthe British Museum Bronze figurine ofa horse, part of a chariot team of four. The ness is particularly clear, showing the bit with curved cheek piece and the collar to which the traces were fastened. Second ‘quarter of the fifth century BC. Olympia, Museum, Photo: DAL ‘Athen (Olympia 1808). mn of Athenian silver cons of various denominations. im Museum. Reproduced by permission sm Museum, Maseam (E p.él 64 lef p64 right pT? p73 p. 16 left p. 76 right Notes on illustrations xix A clay lamp with lighted wick. This ‘could supply light for 2-3 hours and ba candle, Athens, Agora Museum (L 4137). Photo courtesy of the American School of Class Athens, Agora Museum (P 5 of the American Sehool of Exeavat 500 BC 8862 and Classical Studies A pair of model 1g boots found in an Early Geometric cremation grave of a woman, Athens, Agora ‘Museum (P 19429), Photo courtesy of the American School of, f an Atic red-figure amphora, attributed to the Painter ‘of the Munich Amphora, depicting a pair of boots on a small footstool under a table; above the table a man reclines on @ fifth century BC. Munich, Antikensammlung theate in the foreground, Courtesy of the American School atteibuted to the depicting a pro- cession to Apollo at Delphi, Apollo is seated atthe right on a throne raised on a platform. The setting isa temple represented by four columns of the Doric order. Apollo's attributes consist of «laurel branch and crown, and a quiver and bow on the wall the Delphic location is given by the naval stone and tripod infront of the columns. An official waits for the procession to arc hheaded by 2 young git! in festal robe camying a sacrifi basket ( 6 her head. Third quarter of the fifth century BC. Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Ferrara (T 57C VP), is by a Dionysios and his children to the hero Kallistephanos. ‘The main relief above the pedestal is not preserved. Mid-fourth century BC. Athens, Agora Museum (I 7396). Photo courtesy of the American Schoal of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations. East Greek (Samian?) rock erystal with an intaglio design of a hhelmet-maker seated on a stool tapping the crown of the helmetNotes onilustrations. Notes onilustrations i pal p83 peas p90 p. 103 ‘with a small hammer. Ibis a popular motifin gem carving, Late sixth century BC. Munich, Staatliche Munzsammlung (36246). Interior design on an Attic red-figure cup depicting 2 seated rman with tablets and stylus, no doubt correcting the exercise ‘of the boy who stands in front of him. A flute case hangs on the wall. Early fifth century BC. Antikenmuseum Basel und ‘Sammlung Ludwig, Inv. BS 465. Photo: Andreas F. Vogelin and aire Nigai ‘The decorated head of a gold comb from the Solokha barrow near the Lower Dnieper. Above a row of recumbent lioas is a scene of combat between two soldiers on foot and one on hhorseback. The arms and armour are a mixture of Greek and Scythian equipment, and like many objects from Scythian he comb was likely made by a Greek eraftsman living jpacum. Late fith to early fourth century BC. The ‘State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg (Da. 1913.1/1). Detail of a red-figure pelike depicting an Amazon on horse- back; she is in combat most likely with Theseus. She wears trousers, atop with long sleeves, and a soft hat. Her weapon is ‘a spear; other depictions also include a lunate shield and a bow and quiver. Amazons were a popular subject in Greek art and are usually dressed in a vaguely Eastern costume, Syracuse, ‘Museo Archeologico Regionsle “Paolo Orsi” (inv. 9317). C. 440 BC. Photo: Hirmer Fotoarchiv. A terracotta group of two actors taking part in an Athenian comedy of the mid-fourth century BC. They wear short tunics and the stylised masks of a slave and young (bat bearded) man; they are out ona spree. Second quarter ofthe fourth century BC. in, 2006/Antikensammlung, SMB (8403)/Johannes red-figure khous depicting a bearded man in festal robe pointing to & sacrificial basket (Kanoun) held by a second figure. The setting is a smithy, with the furnace at the right and an anvil between the two figures. There is more than a touch of caricature about the Scene. C. 400 BC. Athens, Agora Museum (P 15210). Photo courtesy of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations. Sketeh-plan of Athens about 425 BC. Detail of an Attic red-figure pelike, attributed to the Kleophon Painter, depicting a maenad beating a tambourine as she leads the return of Hephaistos. Third quarter of the fifth century BC, ‘Munich, Antikensammlung (2361). Photo: Hirmer Fotearchiv. red-figure cup, atributed tothe Penthesilea Painter, showing a youth standing before another p105iet . 105 right p. LD eft p.10right p lll left p.lil right \who is seated with a lyre, Above their head isthe inscription “The boy is handsome’ (kalos),a popular comment whether in this general form or with a particular name substituted. Second ‘quarter of the fifth century BC. Hambarg, Museum fur Kunst und Gewerbe (1900.164) Interior design of an Atic red-figure cup, altibuted (0 the ‘Antiphon Painter, depicting a she-ass with a wooden framed pack saddle, The ass, which was the usual pack animal, has no bit or ‘mouthpiece. C. 480 BC. Boston, Museum of Finc Arts (10.199). James Fund and Museum purchase with funds donated by con- tsibutors, Photograph © 2006, Muscum of Fine Arts, Boston, Attic red-figure pele, attributed toa painter near the Gottingen Painter, depicting Odysscus escaping under a ram, He is in armour and wields a swords he clings on but the lines aczoss the animal make a ing of his comrades. No Cyclops is shown; the story was so well known and distinctive that it could be presented in extract. C. 490-480 BC. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (61.384). Anonymous gift in memory of Laccy D. Caskey, Photograph © 2006, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Modem replicas of an Athenian water-clock (klepsydra) used for timing speeches in the awcourts. A plug in the bronze tube at the base ofthe bow was released a the slat ofa speech. The two kis indicate thatthe bow! held two khoes (64 the bow! was emptied in six minutes. The name Ay meaning ‘belonging to the Antokhis tribe’, may indicate that this bowl was used when the tribe was presi chamber (Boulewterion), Athens, Agora Museum (P 2084), Photo couresy of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations. Interior design of an Attic red-fignre cup, attributed to the Foundry Painter, depicting a reveller, with 2 scarf around his head, a cloak over his shoulders and a stick under his armpit, relieving himself into a jog. Fist quacter of the fifth cencury ‘BC. © bpk, Berlin, 2006/Antikensammlung, SMB (VI 3198) Inerior design of an Attic red-figure cup, ted to ‘Onesimos, depicting balding man picking his way along with a basket and stick in his left hand and a bucket (kados), most likely of bronze, in his right The garland round lis temples proclaims him asareveller. First quarter ofthe fifth century BC. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (95.29) Catharine Page Petkins Fund. Photograph © 2006, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. A clay bucket (kaos) used for drawing water opposedto the (hyétia) which was us. On the shoulder ofthis bucket the words "Tam a Kados’ haveNotes on illustrations pli2 pla ply p. 126 p. 128 left . 128 right p36 of Labes from a modem Greek production of Aristophanes’ Wasps. Courtesy of D. H. Harrisiades and the 3! Tourism Organisation of Greece. A Selection of ordinary Athenian kitchen equipment: a casse- role on a deep firebox, a barrel cooker and a brazier Fifth and fourth centuries BC. Athens, Agora Museum (P 2306 on 16521, P 16512 on 16520, P 2362). Photo courtesy of the American ‘of an Attic red-figure skyphos, Brygos Painter, depicting a reveler and a couttes Batly fifth century BC. Paris, Louvre (G 156), Photo: RMI =Chuzeville. Interior of an Attic red-fgure cup, attributed to Onesimos, depicting a balding man ata party inviting a courtesan (hetaira) to disrobe. The man wears shoes and holds his walking stick; a basket and a lyre are in the background. Fitst quarter of the fifth century BC. London, British Museum (E 44). © The Trustees of the British Museum, Detail of an Attic red-figure cup, attributed to Makron, with ‘a reveler and a courtesan (jetaira) together on a couch. First quarter of the fifth century BC. New York, The Metropolitan, ‘Ast, Rogers Fund, 1920 (20.246). Image © The 12 Museum of Art. the Athenian Agora from the to face his unseen pursuer. He wears an ‘Oriental’ ‘with long sleeves and trousers and a high-crowned Scyt cap. Last quarter of the sixth century BC. London, British Museum Interior of an Attic red-figure cup, in Antiphon ‘a youth holding a cup in his left hhand and a ladle in hs right. Behind him stands a mixing-bowL with a wine-cooler set inside. The garland in is hai is a further indication that this is an extract from a party. First quarter of the fifth century BC. Compitgne, Musée Vivene! (inv. 1102) p38 plas pis. piss the house is represented by a door and a column within which stands the groom's mother also holding torches. A young man serenades the couple on the lyr, ‘This may be 4 version of the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, Second quarter of the fifth century BC. © bpk, Berlin, 2006 Antikeasammlung, SMB (F 2530) Jutta Tietz-Glag ‘The agora area of Athens, with the ‘Hephaisteior side of the agora. The we “Hephaisteion’ stood. The lawcours lay in and around this area. In the middle distance rises the peak of Lykabetos and on t right the range of Hymettos. Photo: DAT Athen, Reconstructed drawing of the monument of the Eponymous Heroes. This consisted of a row of statues of the ‘patrons’ of the ten tribes into which Athens and Attica were divided by Kieisthenes at the close of the sixth century BC. The base ofthe ‘monument was used for the display of drafts of proposed new laws, notices of lawsuits and lists for military service. Courtesy of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. Detail of an Attic red-figure plaque, found at Bleusis, showing extracts from the Eleusinian cult. Precise interpretation of the scenes isnot sure, but Demeter may be represented twice atthe ide in the upper level and was given (wo di with hollow hub (for condemnation); by forefinger over the hubs the juror could make his vote ‘out revealing his preference. Some dises carry the ins “Official ballo’, some a letier in relief, perhaps to indicate the jury-section, A less sophisticated system of pebbles (psephoi) Photo courtesy of the America Schoo! of Classical Studies at Athens, Agora Excavations.Notes on illustrations axe pez p.m p83 p.l87 189 p.204 205 Altic red-figore cup, atibuted to the Brygos Painter, depicting ‘symposium in progress. The men recline on couches; one gi plays the pipes while another prepares to give a cup of wine to ‘one of the men. A youth holds a lyre by a column, of an indoor scene. Baskets hang on the wall, First quarter of the fifth century BC. London, British Museum (E 68). © The Trustees ofthe British Museu, Detail of rolled-out drawing of Dlack-figure lekythos, jeting women at work the so-called led woman at the incense-bumer and the naked flute-girl. The purpose, ‘meaning and place of manufacture are all in doubt. Second guaer of the fifth century BC. Rome, Museo Nazionale Romano (inv. 8670). Photo: Alinati Archives, Florence. Detail of an Attic red-figure onos (used attributed 10 the Eretria Painter, de the wedding of Alkestis (on the right loutropho. myrtle (centre) and lebeies gamikoi with sprigs (lef, 8 of vase connected withthe wedding ceremony. Two other friends play with a pet bird. The abject may have been a Wedding present to a bride. Third quarter of the fifth century BC. Athens, National Archaeological Museum (inv. 1629). Detail of an Apulian reé-figure loutzophoros depicting Alkestis surrounded by her children and with her husband Admetas on the lef, The white-haired woman on the right may be Admetos’ ‘mother or nurse; the old man is the children’s twtor (paida- £60805). This is one of the finest ofthe South Italian Of tragic themes. Mid-fourth century BC. Antikens Basel und Sammlung Ludwig, Inv. $ 21. Photo: Andreas F. ‘Museum, St Petersburg (B-2100). Drawn reconstruction From Annual of the i A bronze hydria. Third quarier of the fifth century BC, Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Museum (1949.89). Reproduced cour tesy ofthe Trustees of the Harvard University Ast Museums. p.207 p.209 p.2id p22 p22 p27 238 p.242 245 Detail of an Attic reé-figure pelike depicting a young man ‘carrying a couch and a small table in preparation for a pasty. Osford, Ashmolean Museum (AN 1890.29 (V 282). Autic red-figure skyphos showing a rare ‘stil-life’ scene of household equipment: Jampstand and buckets, casserole and chest, basket, wine jar and jug. The J. Paul Gey nia (86.AE.265). +, atrbuted to the Dinos of fire which they take with their torches fennel stalk (narthex), Prometheus’ name is written by him, and the satyrs are named Komos, Sikinnis and Simos. The inspi- sation for the scene (and others may have come from Aeschylus’ satyr-play Prometheus Pyrkaias. Last quater of the fifth century BC, Oxford, Ashmolean Museum (937.983) Attic black-figure ovoid neck-amphors, attributed to the ASfecter, depicting Zeus enthroned on the left sending Hermes fon a mission. Hermes is dressed in his winged boots and his traveling hat and holds his caduceus. Third quarter ofthe sixth century BC. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum (G 268/V 508) Attic red-figure emphora, attributed to Myson, depicting Croesus seated on his funeral pyre. His royal status is shown by his throne and scepter. He pours 1 dish (phiate) Buthymos (his name is written by him) sets fire to the timber. C. 500 BC. Paris, Louvre (G 197). Photo: RMN — Hervé Lewandowski ‘Map of Greece and Asia Minor showing Mysian Olympus, the site ofthe boar hunt in which Croesus” som is killed, ‘Attic sed-figure dinos, attributed to the Agrigento Painter, depicting a boar hunt. This may be a version of the Calydonian boar hunt, for although Atalante is not present and none of the participants is named, one hunter wields a batlle-axe which Comes to be associated with Anksies. Second quarter of the fifth century BC. Athens, National Archaeological Museum nv. 1489) Attic red-figure neck-amphora, attributed to the Nausikas ind a tree on icing Odysseus appearing from be ‘which Nausikaa and her companions have 5 ‘washing. He holds 2 branch in each hand and:-looks suitably disheveled, Athene stands between him and Nausikaa who Tooks back as she runs away with her companions. Third quarter of the fith h, Antikensammhung (2322). Ait red-figure stamnos, attributed to the Siren Painter, depict- ‘Odysseus and the sirens. Odysseus is tied to the mast, andp.255 .257 left bated 10 the Burgon Group, depicting two youths anda man in a eart drawn by mules. Second quarter of the sixth century BC. London, British Museum (8 485). © The Trustees of the British ‘Museum. iputed to Aison, depict 1 and her companions 420 BC. Boston, Museum of Fine Arts ce Fund. Photograph © 2006, Painter depict- robes and holding a kithara in in his right, The palm tree makes allusion to Delos, his birthplace. New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gift cof Mr and Mrs Leon Pomerance, 1953 (53.224). Image © The Metropolitan Museum of Art Notes to the second edition mar and exer- .e companion Running and learning vocabularies accompany the Text, Gr cises, writen to run in step withthe Tex, are to be found fr because they make a phrase. When t ink ted by intervening words, the linking device takes the shape ' |. "They ‘Transcriptions of proper names into English: (@) Generally, proper names are transcribed from Greck into English in accordance , or other long and short vowels. (b) There are, however, some ‘privileged’ names, so. commor them by the principles of transeri I find, for example,‘Part One. Athens at séa Introduction Dikaiopolis sails towards the harbour of Athens, Peiraieus. On board ship a criminal plot is foiled, and then the story of the naval battle of Salamis is recalled while the ship passes the island. As the ship comes into port, the Spartans launch a surprise attack. The scene is set during the early part of the Peloponnesian War, which began in 431. Sources Demosthenes, Ovations 32 Aeschylus, Pers Plato, Ion 540eff. ‘Thucydides, A comic fragment, Com. 1.142, 6.32 Adespot. 340 (Edmonds) Xenophon, Hellenika 5.i. 19-23 Lysias, Funeral Speech 27ff. Aristophanes, Akharnians Herodotus, Histories 8.83ff. 393ff. ‘Homer, Iliad (passim) Euripides, Helen 1577ff. Time to be taken Five weeks (= twenty sessions at four sessions a week) Important note on the accompanying vocabulary-lists 1, Each vocabulary-list appears in alphabetical order. 2. Many phrases in the text are joined by the linking devices ~ and Ev Bugaveiyy. ev! be listed in the running rord of the phrase. Thus td nhotév swcervcie will appear under 2v; and 0°on, Links are phased out as noun-types and cases are learnt.Part One: Athens at sea ‘At the end of each running vocabulary-list, and the accompanying Grammar explanations, you of words to be leat. These words will not be repeated in the running vocabulary lists but are grouped together in the Grammar from time to time (e.g. p. 23). All such vocabulary will be found in the Total Greek-English Learning Vocabulary at the back of both the Text volume and the Grammar volume. Accents in the running vocabularies are printed as they appear in the text. 5. Macra—indicating a vowel pronounced long —are marked only in Leaming Vocabularies and the Total Vocabulary at the back. Section One Ac!: The insurance scam 3 6 ZnvéBeg bpd wy ce dxponoRiv xa tov MapBevava4 Part One: Athens at soa Section One A-K: The insurance scam s Section One A-J: The insurance scam Vocabulary for Section One A go Hegestratos and Sdenothemis are partners in the corn-shipping business. They have insured the load of grain on board their ship {for far more than it is worth and plan to ‘lose’it in an ‘accident’, thus making a healthy profit, They embark in Byzantium, with ple of ‘agreement ‘© Adjectives lke xaAdc Kah xahdy uév...Sonthe one hand. te... xe both... and grain, captain and crew. The ship sails to Khios (where a ‘on the other hos finally rhapsode boards) and Euboia (where Dikaiopolis gets on), and; Bagw-en (he) looks bike iy the eventually comes into sight of Athens and its harbour, Peiraieus BAén-ovol(v) (they) look 8 AuxeéxoAtg Dikaiopol “ily dixpSnoAtv the (modern Piraeus). While Sdenothemis engages the passengers’ ‘88 and; but eames sets (Aeonelis i vat i ticto, into 6 Hyéorparog Hegestatos x; what? attention with an appreciation of the sights, a strange noise is Sete, vo Euboia Sofewogtecpan wrbe ” cig td wRof-ov onto the ship & parpup6-6¢ the chapsode tv TlapBeveiva the -ov to Chios col the Parthenon In World of Athens: ships and sailing 2.4, 19; rhapsodes 3.44; grain -Bartv-et (he) embarks ‘of vadtai the sailors, crew td the trade 6.65-9; loans on ships 5.59; Peiraieus 1.32, 2.235, 32, 5.58; the elo-Baiv-ovei(y) (they)embark ép~& (he) sees ‘1b mhoi-ov the ship, vessel Parthenon 1.51, 2.34, 8.92-9., Evin, on 6p-do1(v) (they) see wpog-ov a noise éy Bulavrfy in Byzantium ody 50, really, therefore OT mAolsy Eorw év-Bvfavetip, 2v! 52 BuLavet, 6° 'Hygotpatos i Etfoig in Eabola we (0 ss Sesabalary tobe learnt Batve ec") oto nate Zqvebepe Pave ic 10-nhoioy, ee ye toads i éhog 8 "xuBeoviitns Kal of vadtin etopaivovar eic"tdmhotov. neta then next hens vatond + 88 "rAotov mhet cic Kiov. ev! BE Ixia, parpipdds eloBaiver ory) Gtere) is sedcviv yivtovardstheland te... Ka(A and B, both A Enerta 58 net 18 nhotov ele EBBouav. Ev" BE 'ESBoig, etoBatver 5 va and pig tbvMlewme towards and B oArKcndmtoAtc, téAog 5 mpdc"re” ABHIvag Het 7S"KAoTOV Kal ‘eat... watt both... and ‘the Peiaieus mpoc"tov Tlerpand. 13! udv obv 'nAoov Act, 6° 58 "ZnvéBeyrc mpagnchv”yiiy BALE ti dp O"ZnvoDeunc; 5 -Zyvodeurc Spa ripv' te 'dxpdnodry Kal Tov TlapGevaiva. Ereita 88 5! ce Wnkandrodtc kai S“KuBEpvetEnG pdt" yiiv BAérovawy. ri Spdaw 5 ArxaidmOAIG Kat o kuBepvritng; Kai S“Aucasnonts Kai S"KUBepwiieng THY’ Te “expdnoht opdot kai tov Naptevava. Eaipyng 5! te Arxondrodtg wai é"Kufepvrizns PSgov dxovovery,‘ Part One: Athens a sea Section One A-I: The insurance seam 2 oO don't eb you(s) bo vi yes iy &xpémoRuy the chow! ZHNOGEMIE (pointing to the land) wovnow “acopol * Sed po EAE, cd Arkaudrcods, nat BAéne. ey yap ti dpdrodw dpa. pa kal od civ éxpdrodw Spéc; AIKAIONOAIE (peering towards the land) ob dota i xpSmodic; eyed yap tiv -dxpdnoAw ody Opa. ZHN. — Bebp0 ABE, nai PAEne. dpa ody dpac od TOV" HapBevava; AIK. vat. vov yap TV axpénodt Opa ai Eye, ZHN, — & Ze8. dog xabg éov 6° Tap bevesy, xadih SE Hf aKpdrod, KYBEPNHTHE (agreeing) _ GAn@h ob Ayers, & Znvobewn. (with a sudden start) Exove, Ogos: dpa dxoverg; tic Zorw Sd 0«; Spa axoveis Kai od av-Ydqov, & Znvdeu; ZHN. (hurriedly dismissing the subject) Brtuptevy the Parthenon Sretpmes the Peticus bp- I see 5 pe yous) see obno 3B nthing bv so, real nace B Sp-o6 the 0 rot where? oat clearly therefore what? 18 vesipr-ov the naval dockyard ‘Oy FapGeveve the Parthenon bv Teipaé the Peiraicus rev 6g-0¥ the noise ppivatse worry! () (6c. boat’) WS p-0¢ 8 noise ‘Yocabulary to be learnt pa indicates question Bedp0 here, over here ar ea also 6 you(s.) cig, what? who? 50 (addressing someone} 08 HeTAla, odBEv dxodw Zw, & xvBepvejta. wh ppdvace. 1s GNAa Bebpo EGE Kai BAére. Eye yap tO"vedprov pw Kab tov" Meipand. dipa dpaic kai ob to vedipiov; KYB. vat. ZHN. — @ Zed, cog KaAdv Eort to” vewdpiov, Kahdc be 6” Merpareds. KYB. (agreeing impatiently) 20 AnOA Aéyerc, Znvddep. 505, Yoooe, aBOre yao - Tov POgov dxowbu Eywye. AIK. Kai yd tov Spov adBic dxodw, & KUBEpvaita, capac. 2 yd obv Kati od dxobopev tov Wogov. ‘A nechaniman ana wai Vocabulary for Section One B nova Thea Bebpohere, over here 3 ere! hey! look! (S) éxos-e1 you (5) hear ‘ixavénoht Dikaiopolis dod-oyev we hear bye! ove listen! (5) Eyoye Tat least a) beautiful dn the rat 220-4 come! (s.) veah-6v beautifal aN bat ory) Ci is xoBepviire captain a= question 280 Zous xoBepwiien captain a0ic again ZnvéBeuiSdenothemis __Aéy-exg You (S) are speak- - Baérce look! (s) ‘expéxohicthe Acropolis ing yap for fies we i ia by Zeus -Part One: Athens at see ZHN, — (more frantically) Eye 82 odk koe, & GfAor. wh ppoveitere. dAAE Se po Gere xai Bdénere, Sebpo. Spud yap ta-eundpra Kat tic bAxdSag Eywye. pa Space re eundpa Kal speic; KYB. xad AIK. dpGyev Kal Hpets, eM ptiys 5 ZEN. Iyrical) & NbcerBov, ig xahat elow at oh, tag Kahd tort KYB. xove, G Znudteys, veal wh Aye 5 Mad dort re Eup? ueic yap tov"pSpov oacpiic dxovopev. 10 AIK, Ghd dev Ydqos; KYB. (pointing down below) dru Qev, & anxarérons, 5a ob Kacafaivopey Hueic, EGE, b Atxaadnoh — ZEN. (by now quite desperate) 15 Batvere; Siact ob uevere, b gioy wi, povritere. dpa vip Eyes - Vocabulary for Section One C Grammar for 16-9 1 Verbs ending in ~ (present ‘tense, indicative ‘mood, active Woice) ‘©The concept of tense, mood, voice, person and number ‘© Compound verbs (with prefixes) ‘©The imperative [command/ordet ‘mood © The vocative case ithe ba xt; why? ved beautiful, fine a bAxéBes the merchant AtxarénoXeDiksiopotis _—_KatacBatv-oyev we go ips Baye Fs for my part down 08-0 Thear loxv) (they) are xécus8ev from below Aexod-oyev we hear €20-£ come! (5) a couse listen! (6) EAA ut Baiv-ere you ( bp-aTsee Bhér-ere loc pet we Sp-Gev (we) see vyip for xad-af beautiful, fine Spee you bx not 6 (ig-06 the noise xq clearly chine ‘i Eundp-athe markets Section One A-t: The insurance seam ° rg the lary to be learnt aM but ively impossible. The ge was the bullock, at 2mp, whose carts ‘of cereals grown within Attica cause a reputation for being the 1e came to find goods from all pants of the Greek world was have been taken for pleasure, ‘Athenians cleared them from ble at all times of the year. Th to chart their course by reference 10 fixed points, sea. The slow, broad eargo-st average speed of five knois. Nelson’s Victory, a much larger and heavier wa with sails, ave powered by oars were swifter than sail- ing ships, but their lighter bulk and the presence of the rowers fied them for use ‘mainly in time of war. Te trireme, with 170 rowers, was the fastest and the finest ‘man-of-war inthe classical period, and could reach a speed of seven to eight knots ‘were & constant source of danger until the Aegean in the 470s, Nor was a sea voyage possi- traders did nos avoid the open $ depended on sail and wind, and travelled at an World of Athens (second edition), 2.1910 Part One: Athens at sea The captain goes into the hold followed by Dikaiopol the crew. There they come upon Hegesi mysterious noise. and In World of Athens: helmsman 7.34-7. eKoBepviiens, Kara ‘vaibtan. xérwodev yap Spopos, Kécw SE dv" Hyéorparov dpiiowy 8! te "xuBepveftns Kel & ‘piyéotpatos tov Wogov norel Kat. 5 KYB. obtoc, vi monet; ‘obBEv 01s Eyeaye, & xvPepviira, ob8e pSpov-obbéva 10 axove. wh opdverge. AIK. (looking behind Hegestratos’ back) Sebp0 EGE kal Bhére, xuBepviiea, Eyer yep tev eff BeEMG & Hyéorparos. Ky. ch éyerg ev rif beg, & ‘Hyéorpare; 15 HI, (desperately trying 10 cover up) obBey Ey Zyaye, b pine AIK. & Ze6. ob yap GAGA Aéyer 5 Hygotpaoc, néheKwv yap Eyer ev eff 8eb 1G S” HyEarparos, étevOpuinos to-AoTov xaradven. 20 KYB, (shocked) ti A€yerg, & Atxandrtoh; Set to°nholoy 6” ‘Hyéorpatos (calling to the crew) GNNa sci 08 AcuBavere Oy Bedpo, Sebpo. HP. ofr, pebyuo Eywye, nai Aintw Euavtdy extod"nAo‘ov. KYB, (urging the crew to help) BonGeire, & vatra, Boneite xai Sidxete. tov tvOpunoy, & vairar; 25 Section One A-J:The insurance seam " néhexov yp Exet bore duawrby éx 200 aoiov Vocabulary for Section One D dexod-w [hear és below Tore you (6) are doing xcéeu0ev from below xoRepviia captain AsiBdv-eve you (pl. catch deh the trath Bnérc look! (5) rove (he) is making by fivOpwT-ov the fellow iv Hyéorpa-ov Hegestratos: ‘op6vai-< wony! (scsboutit) yig-ov obBéva any noise ‘Vocabulary to be learnt AmB the leasiffor my then, therefore ‘obr0¢ hey, you! arasBatv-opev we godown 8 66-05 the noise ava-faiv-ovsi(y) (they) go -néhexve axe (nom.) dows réhexoy axe (ace.) vava-Bi-et (he) is sinking noi (1) doing by therefore2 Port One: Athens at sea Ga 8° pdv "Hyéorpacos pedyer xécwadev, off 8 Watton BorBoda Kat tov~ “Hyéotpacov StdiKovew. dives pever &Znvd8eqnc. 8° yey "Hyéorparog poc abv" ZnvéBeqiv Barer 6! BE Yarden mpb cob vaca, dvaaivouai yep of vader kal SxdKovatv. 5 ZEN, ddd rt notetc, &'Hyéorpate; HP. (running up to Sdenothemis) ib0¥, SidKove! ye of"vadea, & Znvébewn. Ey BE gebyo. wh weve, aAAK pebye xa 06, x Cro moiov. avabatvovsr yap H8n of évBpes. 0 ZHN. — (with a glance at the pursuing crew) . ojpor. rods! yap 'vabtag HO ye on~ptg Opa. od 8 not HI. 15 geavtov cig mv bdAartay, kati ut} peve. Vocabulary for Section One E Adverbs (ly) Aye come ont (s) éori(y) (iy is yor friv-ov0 (they) ae Znvé8eyn Sdenothemis ‘coming up already 6 ASuB-0¢ the life-boat ve above ‘Bn ye yes, already bord see BAgr-e1 (he) looks ‘08 look! (s.) oi; where Boné-obor (they) help xcwev from below ¢ you (3) peme pbs tov ZnveBepv uv... Son the onehand towards Sdenothemis on the other pb rods vairas towards cic rv @dAarray into the uév-et (he) stays/is waiting the sailors sea név-e stay! (6) pines throw! (5) €xto0 Mofov outof the A ZnvéBeIng Sdenothemis _6ap3g clearly ship eHyéorpar-oc Hegesiratos _seavt-bv yourself) év oj BaAdrmp on thesea of evBpeg the men oie save Section One Aci: The insurance scam B afi Oahécrn the sea ge6y-« () am off ov Hyéorpar-ov peby-c1g you (5 Hlegestratos running away 08 the rns of +006 var the sailors/ Vocabulary to be learnt ime, except in battle. There room for supplies (a crew ld need about 300 kg of grain and 500 tres of water a day).The trireme, gen- ly speaking, had to be beached at night for erews to acquite provisions, eat p. The account given by Xenophon ofthe voyage of Iphikrates round the Peloponnese illuminates normal practice; Iphikrates was in a hurry and wanted to train his crews at the same time, but one can infer what was normal from ‘Xenophon's account: "When Iphikrates began his voyage round the Peloponnese, he took with him all tne equipment he needed for a naval battle. He left his large sai if he was sailing to battle, and made very litle use of his small sails even wher ‘the wind was favourable. By proceeding under cars in this way he made bis crews fiter and his ships faster. And when the expedition was due fr its morning meal at any particular place, he would order the leading ships back, round again to face the land and make them race ata signal for the shore... Again, if they were taking & meal on hostile teritory, he set the usual sentries on land but he also raised his ships’ masts and had men Keeping watch from the top of them. They had a far wider view from their point of vantage than they would have had from ground level... On daylight voyages he tained them to form ine ahead or line abreast at a signal, so that inthe course of their voyage they had practised and become skilled atthe manoeuvres needed in a naval battle before they reached the area of sea which they supposed tobe in enemy control.” (Kenophon, Helidnika 62.27-30) (One point, which does not emerge from t the treme was so used in really rough weather. This ‘meant that naval operations were, generally speaking, not possible in in the bad weather caused by the Elesian winds. Weather was a constant factor in naval ‘account, was of great importance: ‘The World of Athens (second edition),In World of Ath art One: Athens at sea Hegestratos and Sdenothemis leap into the waves and head for the life-boat. But the captain has other ideas. friends and enemies 4.2, 14-16; prayers 3.34, 8.13; sacrifice 3.28-32, 8 Hygoxpatos Kat Znvddemtc ob wevovary dé pedyovaty. ery! yap 'BAarcay at of” i "Be TkoBepvrieng tov"AUBoV do &n8°co0-mAotov énoxwopet, 5 ZHN. Hr. ZHN. HP. AIK. KYB. nd from «nd 105 mhofov from the ship éro-Bvyjow-e Lam dying r0-8vfjox-ouev we are dying ir0-Bvyjo%-ovai(v) (they) (thrashing around in the waves) oitio1, 200 éAguBos; mod got, & ‘Hygorpace; £yO tov REpBov ody 4p, d Znvo8eut- ofpou. ércoBvijoKxopev, & 'Hygotpace. BonGeite, & vadrat, 10 Bonetce, fno8vyjoxw — Giga robs -avOpdsnovs 6pic 06, & xuBepveitas dmoBvoxovet yep of GvOpwaron. 6 yiip "AguBoc dnd rob nAolov capac dmoxwopei. is ii ppoverde" Kaxcoi yp eiowy of vOpuror, & ArkardeoAt, ati KaKdic drroBvyjoKovaty, Vocabulary for Section One F veofepvira captain Ev-00016) (hey) wait 8 "Hyéotparog Hegestratos ol dvOpuan-ot the fellows ave-of bad and badly op-B I see thy ooyiv bv AéuB-ov the life-boat Section One A~: The insurance scam Is robs dvepcx-ous the Vo Peiraieus "us, 7-8 km south-west of Athens, was exeated only, ‘that time the Athenians relied on beaching ships in ion of an enlarged navy and increased commerc Jed to the establishment ofthe port of Peiraious on and around the neigh- bouring promontory of Akte, There were three harbours: Kantharos on the west, which was the main harbour and commercial emporium with a market on the east «place for displaying goods; and the smaller harbours of Zea ‘and Mounykhie on the east for warships. All three were noted for their splendid ship-sheds. The town itself was laid out on a regular grid pattem of strets by Hippodamos, anative of the Greek city of Miletos on the west coast of Asia Minor ‘where a similar street plan was also used. In contrast to Athens, notorious for inding streets, the harbour town must have looked rigid ight streets, well placed houses and open public areas. Besides the naval lations, the town boasted many of the armenities that Athens had, including a (of fortifications that were necessary to protect Athens’ trade and a theatre. By the middle ofthe fifth century the harbour was linked to Athens by Long Walls, ‘no mean feat of construction given the distance covered and the marshy character of the terrain at the 1s end. The population of Peiraious was mixed, for ot only did foreign traders lodge there temporarily but many of Athens’ resident aliens (metoikoi) lived at the port, some of whom were responsible for Athens’ (tage and ran businesses such as armouries and banking; the metoikot might also be grain-dealers or carry on such trades as fulling and baking. ‘This mixture of population meant that the shrines and sanctuaries that dotted 4 greater variety of worship than places less accessi- ble to foreign influence, and such non-Greck deities as Bendis and Kybele had 1g of Plato's Republic (2.46): T went down yesterday to the Peiraieus with Glaukon, son of Ariston. I wanted {o say a prayer to the Goddess and also to see what they would make of the fes- 3s this was the firs time they were holding it I must say that I thought the local contribution to the procession was splendid. ‘The World of Athens (second 2.234KYB. Part One: Athens at sea (suddenly realising the danger) EAE dpa tort o@ov 73° huEtepov Mhotov, ator dE Ka nets rth ob naaBociven xa neptonont éxprB Ey yap Oxupepvrieng Endv odv xo"Epyov, xa Ev eyo} Auerépa cwrnpia. s (xarafaiver 6°KoBepyrfens Kal axonel. 6 BE Wrxatsnonic Aveo pever) AIK, (praying fervently) wiv, & TTécet50v, ote Hpac cig ov" Aiwéva, ues wey yap G01 @voiag BboueV, od 8E dei axpferg tobg"évOpmrOUS exci] ardeenc, Mpeg 58 viv Konig dxoBvrjoKope" 10 es Ev yo" uétepov"motov oagéic Karabiver “hv béAatcaw, 6° 88 huerepoc ASuBos oaxpidg dnoxuupet, xa ob BeBaia iy Hperépa™owrpa. (with relief) coxdsra, & Axeudroh. ochov uv yap vo” uétepov Motav, oor Bera ues veo oby fue dey 1s 6 TleoeSav i ' Section One Act: The insurance seam ” Vocabulary for Section One G ‘Grammar for 1G GvOpan0¢ (man’, 22) and Epyov (work, 26) ‘© The concept of ‘declension’ Neuter nouns as subject of object éy eavB5ve in danger 6 Aum the harbour dxpif-dc closely; in detail dope we are ‘ept-cxor-c ({) look ver Batv-et (he) comes up Eon) around (on deck) ‘fperép-r cwrnelea tthe] MéseiSov Poseidon god af eve above (on deck) our safety he sea) én0-Oviioe-opev we are yy nearby cis thy 6éhareay into the sea lg tov Aupéverto the 120 fpy-ov the take 18 fpécep-ov RAoT-ov [the] harbour our ship Se ti Gahdrens out ofthe ‘obs évpsin-oug men sea 6 duKaidnohic Dikaiopolis &-6y mine xcoBepuriens the captain Vocabulary to be learnt 6 Hytep-o Afu-0¢ [the] ur fife-boat Prayers Prayers like sacrifices, were more or less fixed in their general shape ... The god is invoked by name or titles, witch are often numerous; he is reminded of past kindnesses, then the request is made. Without some reference to the ties binding & god to his worshippers there was no ground for expecting divine sid, for the basic jon was one of A prayer was mado to the Olympians standing, id with hands lowered towards the earth The World of A ns (second edition), 3.34Part One: Athens at sea ga The captain brings the ship towards harbour. By now it has become dark. A rhapsode, who insists on quoting Homer on every possible occasion, is submitted to a Socratic style of inquiry about his art by Dikaiopolis. In World of Athens: Homer 8.1; Socrates 8,33-6; words and argument 8.18-21. 6 obv xuBepvittns 1d maolov KuBepve Tpdgtov"Atuéva, vawrng! 5E “rag tov KuBepviteny épwrg nod eiaw. 6 yap vadens o8 upc o15E 08 cior’ vik yap or. 6 obv KuBEpvites Adyer Ser ei tov Auuever TA€ovow. Eort dé Ev rH Moly pappbse"nic, 6 8E SaiprpBOs SpnpiGer, 6 BE ArKadmodrc rier npdc roy paxpeoSov omep 3 6 Seoxpéeng npds code paOnreds, NAYTHE 706 touev Hueis, & KuBepvaita; dpa ofa0a ob; ob yap oacpiic olda Eywye. eyed yp ob8ev 694 dua viv "vote, Kal obx olSa n06 éouev. 0 KYBEPNHTHE of6a oagéic, rAgoue yap npdc tov -Atuever, & vadra, PAYQIAOE (butting into the conversation with a Homeric phrase) ‘aAéopev 6 éxi ofvonanévtov? NAY, — tiAgyerd devOpeonos; AIK, BfiASy éotw Sui Sunpiter 6 &vOpwonoc, paipw5ss obvéoriv. 15 PAY. — GAnBi Aéyerc, & tav- ‘nAéopev 8 év vni"uehaivy? AIK. ch Aéyeng, db Berpepdé; ir0 ‘Ev vat weRatvy's od yp néAcivarf Auerépa vade, SAASY dori Sct ppos ef ov, Kai ob ofc Ba obSEy, dAAK naierc mpOc tpi 2 PAY, guna, “Ev vot Boj’ Agoyev, xothn évt vat? AIK. pa dxodere, & vatran; SeGpo EAGete kal éxovere, SAASY Eactv 5ti uGpoc 6 Huérepos papedsc. ob yap olSev obBév dexprBaig 6 devepunog, &AAE naifer mpos Hud. Section One A-J: The insurance scam » Vocabulary for Section One H Adjectives used as nouns. © More particles acialways axpiB-ac closely Bapdy dor tis clear Buk (+000) because of eiyou (s) are dotu(y) helthereft is opev (we) are lou) hey) are Gri (+20e,) over Spord-uo ask Fiuag us vad the ship vothn él vnf ina hollow ship uBepvdcw steer oBepvfia captain (voe.) éhatva black (nom ) Op-0¢ -«-ov stupid vvasimg niga sailor (nom) va Oofiaswitt ship ehaivy a black ship ‘WE night nom.) colvora névrov the wine- faced sea (ace) 6 wadens the sailor 6 Bupsens Socrates cial know citar you (s.) know olBe(9) (he) knows S4mpt{-o quote Homer Seuthat rato (npSs + ace.) joke (ao) rAkoev/nAdovow ee + fer are the only forms of Aée that are contracted in Attic Greek ajio5-dc, 6 thepsode (2a) read Homer, bayn$-dc tig a rhapsode agi clearly wow be quiet ‘tiv my dear chop ‘(Condescendingly) iy vox: the night/dack. 0 what's this? bv Koflepvrfeny the captain cv Aupéva the harbour ‘obs warts therhis students @ rAo‘y the ship Gonep like Vocabulary to be learnt BAho¢ nov clear; obvicus Seuthae ain (7965 + acc.) play; Joke (ai) ‘Rhapsodes Where we read books, Athenians would more ten to live recitations, when a poet or historian or scientist would stand up and address ‘an audience (in public or private) .. Athenians probably heard the Hiad and Odyssey performed by thapsodes (professional rec ‘much more often than they actual of poetry) sat down and The World of Athens (second edition), 8.17PAY, AIK. PAY, AlK, PAY. AIK. PAY, Part One: Athens at sea ENAic Ey ipo uv OBK Elus roAAK BE yoyo 1g ab ohAdryryvdoxeg Bow pev"oby bu & ei, d Seah. ob yp ofo8a ob mécepov ‘yehanvar ob ud Ala, ob« denatBevrds elt €yd nept“Ouripov. nohAe yap yryvoKw diSti TOAAR ty veboKe1 “Ounpos, yiyvioKer ‘yap “Oumpos é te noAepnKd Epya Ka hk vance Kot cd oxparteotiKd kal ta ocpacnyind — ‘pyveboxerg obv nai ob té otparnyinit Eva ade yo 08; Eudv yp 1 Epyov, 10 11 “Bé; dpa Eueipo ef rept rd orpatnyaxd & bayrnBé; sre1poc uev yap nepi ta oxparqytnek Eye Eoviv “Oumpos, Eusterp0¢ 6€ ely wal Ey, Vocabulary for Section One | énaiBeve-o¢-ov an vai yes oxparnyn-ds 4 -6v of a ignoramas vvavax-é, 1 naval maters general yey know (2b) oxpaciarucd, 14 sol {xde1 because cote you (s.) know @b) d am elyou (s) are “Qung-0¢, 6 Homer (2a) (epic poet, author ofthe 14 5é; what next? dort) iad and Odyssey) Vocabulary to be learnt a6 -A-dv my nepi(+ ace.) about, with —_yryvoxw (ywo-) know; Uunelo-oc-ov experienced regard to perceive: resolve ¥ vag the ship epi Opripov shout Homer gunzigos ov skilled, For roheuve-de Sv of war experienced 6-65 -6v swift OAAG many things (sce) pSipo¢& ov stupid; foolish xot-0¢-1 -0v hollow écepov...fiwhether..or _nept (+ ace.) about ue bia by Zeus ic how? oAAS many things (ace) wéhanwa black (nom.) Gc yp o8: of course vai yes ev obv no, rather ccparnyiked, ta generalship uGp-0¢ -a ov stupid (2) Section One A~S: The insurance scam IK, lat ob "eéyun if te Ybaupuxh xa forpaeny PAY. plaréxvn, @ OrKerdroAL, AIK, oBxovv of &yaBol parpipSof elory dyer xa oxperenyol éryaBots PAY. —vati, & Arkandmoht. AIK. xaiod dpreros paappdac el cov" "EMH vev; PAY, — dhtova, & Atkatsrot. AIK. ad obv, & papwdé, orpaenydc iptotac el taVv" EAH ves PAY. nag yp 08; AIK, el Aéyete, & vatreu ipa uspor 6 parje8ds i ob; NAY. wGpog peveor vi“Alac 6 aip66c, db drxaidroNa, evparnys nev yep Srinov potas réiv"EAAiven docty 6 Spa, GAAéc obx ofBev dxorBisg nérepov \uéAawva" FBO “xotAn' fr vaig, uapbc ob Eorry 8 proto, ae “DAivev oxparcnyog. PAY. BRAS Eorty, & Auxoudrodt, St Saxpareic Kati naiCer¢ pos“eyé. 6° yap SuKpdenc obtws del npdc rode paOntag native AIK, vat. oi” "EAAnves del nibs tow, Vocabulary for Section One J Acyad-b¢-¥-8v g008 chore yes, indeed Banparé-w play Socrates et always heave black (nom,) 105 na@nti the/his cat te same time névrot yes indeed students puot-05-n-ov best bcc réqvn one and the same civ 'ERyivay of the Brjxov of course skill (aom.) Greeks slyou (s) are vada sailors (voe,) dora(v) (het) is viata by Zeus ‘Yocabulary to be learnt iou(v) (they) are oiEMAnves the Greeks el alvays udm olBe(v) the) knows piotos n ov best: very 4 vac the ship 6 Zwxpdeng Socrates ‘00d "i bayepSun the rhapsode’soBkouv not. therefore jul dam (= verb ‘to be!) skill ag thus, this way "EMAnv, 8 Greek 4 ocpacyn the general's ji ee ey awith me ri yp ob; of course a yap ob of course XxG1A-05-1|-0v hollow oxparny-6¢ 6 general (2s) _oxputnyés, 6 general (2a) 102 Pert One: Athens at sea Section Two A-D: The glorious past The ship is now passing the , The rhapsode is invited to show his skill by narrating the great naval batile of 480, fought in these straits between the Greeks and Persians. In World of Ail supplication 3.35~ 1¢ Persian Wars 1.27~39; rhetoric and style 8.21; bv vatdg xpd rv” Mlepaud BoaBEwng Epxeren. 5 BE AtKandnohtg xa of vaca xa 6 xofepurfang ua 5 fapdds npdg AAAMAOUG siB€ws BiaAéyovea. Epxeras BE haat 181 xapacchy Zahapiva “ENnyves Kat ol clube rat dn6a01 nirrovow;' 6 BE paxpepb5 tH vavuaylav ABE Siépxerat. KYB. GSE, db parhwpSé, noAAK yoyvesoxenc nepi~“Opripov. noAAd oby yryvedorets Kai nepl xk brtopiKd (AcoptKds yp “OuNpos ob yep) &ye 51, Seipo EASE nat Adye Hpiv ta! mepi LaxAcuiver 10 pong byovecn of ERAN vec xl ol Mot Section Two A-D: The glorious past 2 “xpdyara Exe ub yp Paha Avivo, dpxspeba 58 “pets paBg nap Bxhayiva npg nhs” ABva, Nye ody Au céte MSc ai i! epi Zanayive Wveopaxiay xtc ferépav tO \nar Kai ay viey. ob yip KGa 15, ‘hus of Mépcan, o85 SovAobveat. Aeye Huly tt yiyveran Ey toig Mnbixoig xa nds pdxoveen oF “ENAnves kat of Bréphapo, na Sbg0tnétovm. ob y6p, & ge, o1o8a ou, 8 aden ey Touaw. NAY. PAY. udhiosa fy yp “ote you addeoug Hovxdtere ofv, 6 vara, nal dxovere, Vocabulary for Section Two A ‘© ‘Sandwich’ and ‘repeated article’ constructions © Prepositions governing accusative and dative cases dye come! (5) xGiDioe-o5 -n ov very, —__pnropur-6¢- f-6v shetorical ddU\A-ouc one another (ace) Eahauiva Salamis (acc:) BaipBap-cc, 6 barbarian, ‘ck npéyptsa events Persian 2 rig ABrjv-c Athens ‘hy fperép-ay cSkyeay our ‘courage ‘iy vauuaxtav the naval battle ‘hw vleeny thefovr victory cy Dahauive Salamis ‘iva dpya what deeds (ace.) -olg MB no the Persian Wars ‘oAydew dare, undertake ‘bv Meipand the Peiraieus (0088 and not rapa (+scc.) past, along Vocabulary to be learnt reel'Ouipov about Homer Bux with pleasure, happily tous rire fall, cie ‘howd keep quiet nropus-, ed ehetoric (26) finds ws (@ce.) Bn by now, now, already2 Part One: Athens at sea Section Two ACD: The glorious past 2s 18 | Vocabulary for Section Two B PAY. —‘pijviv' deibe, cd, Bépfou"' Geiou BactAtjog odhouevny’ &ya0-65 +4 -6v good end goddess (voc.) ‘tay now the ci ol ev obv BépBapor Boadéwns npoogpyoveat mpd, vai @oBoOveat, no (a, moh BE Kal 8 6B, uév obv 'Bvolas toi¢ Beoic Avovow oi nohAdebyoveat, eiofaivouor BE rayéeas ele r8g"vadg kal Undp thi Ehevde pias udyoveen. dyaBOv yap if edevdepia. 10s Be denevob ve ol Tépon, us eof” “iereim, céhos 8¢ vnGot pev 0 vtov Tlepoti ‘AOrivaion, intovot BEot Nigpoa, Hai ob 1s. 6 wv Mepocy Baoieig tress ele-Batv-« embark Eeuep-oBer(v) (they) set free ¥anop(-a the perplexity, (make a) sacrifice Twig Becig to ‘8 mB superior numbers ray ADnvat-ey of the ‘Athenians ay EAN vey of the Greeks ‘Tv Be-v ofthe gods ‘Ov Tlepo-Gv ofthe Persians ‘Gv orpatny-dv of their generals ‘ip tig €hevBep-ac for freedom 988-0 é fear 2a) G08-obvrat (they) fear ov Efowfocihos of Xerxes, the god-like king oi "EMAnves the Greeks rroA-bc much, great (nom.) ‘TOAAG elx-oveat they make Vocabulary to be learnt many prayers eya865 6 good, noble, pos-épy-era (it) advances ‘p0s-épy-ovtt (they) advance 1 Bvo-ag the sacrifices (2a) denopé-w be at a loss: have no resources Béfaios & ov secure Boadéa slowly Vixia Fry 'EMivay the (courage) of the Greeks fatherland ‘The Persian wars two most important sources, Herodotus 8.834F and Aeschylus’ Persians 353ff6 Part One: Athens at sea gg The captainis {first-hand vers impressed, and proceeds togivehis grandfather's of the battle. In World of Athens: Herodotus 8.40-i, 93; Aeschylus’ Persians 8.49, 60; patriotism 5.83; divine intervention 3.7-9; sea-battles 7.39; Greek (disunity 1.55-6. S parjraBdc, ep! Sahayiive ‘npéypora. curd farlnadéc, 6 8¢ xoBepvifeng Aéyer 6x1 OBBEV AL verve BE Kal 6 xuBepvetens Aéye KYB. obBiv Ayers, d oie, kal od« oloBa odSév. obkovY xdMoro tov Abyov note, 5 Pav, chp {08 KéAAtotOV noid tov Adyov; KYB. ok6ne1 64. Hueis uev yap 18 dANOF CqcOopEV, ob 88 Yevdi déyers. PAY, ob BE néic ofoBa ndtepov wie KAMER Aéyeo fl pevdq%; KYB. — dxove, & pie. 6 yap éamog 5 Eud ZxAcprvoudne, 10 ati noAAdag ta! rept ZaAautva 'npcoyporter dni wor Aéyer, GAAK o8y donep ob, Yevbac. od nev yap Lows KaASy tivar Adyov Hit Aéyers, 6 88 mémnog ti mpayparca. jouxiav! obv lyere, Kad dxovere abl, vara, rit Kaha Epyar chk tOV"EAAH Vn. Ge vip ca mpdyporce te nept 1s Badapitver Meyer 6 nérenos, (ovxtav” Exovew of vara) ashy xsd Section Two AD: The glorious past 2” eguxverean wey ylp xd tov Nepoa vavrindy, xa yy Echautvos weve, eis Be Tay Tepaiy Vie mAgover Bpadéag Boring yyveran, xi EAAnves EvOa kal EvOa, 20 EAAG Byor Eo rend odmayé feet ex tv nerpiov, PABos de yiyverar Ev roic BapBipors. Gxodovsr yap ibn cag, civ Borty: 5 naiBac, yovaikac: vov Snép"ndvtwy eycov? Vocabulary for Section Two C xahév tive Adyov a fine tale ol EAAnves the Greeks obBby Neyo speak nonsense ofixovy not... rratibeg children (voe.) byybc Exdauivoc near Salamis xaBa¢ your children (ac.) Box nga shout viye-sem there yyovaixas your wives (ace.) 4 then, now (stressing) therefore eAevdep-obre free (pl) mdru-as, 6 grandfather (2a) ‘Ekivav of the Greeks nap 8'= nanplu fatherland ey --6v my (ace,) Oe vai EvOa this way and nohAdnac often that ‘x6repov.. fl whether ev Twig BapBpors among o the barbarians Eaheuive Salamis (ace) Exe when Eahoyavoni-ns Uycé-0 seek, took for Salamis fbn now, already st npypararthe ev (the events) ‘.htot-06 -n -ov very fine, most lovely the Greeks ‘rolg BapBépoug the _barbatians Ty DAfvwv of the Greeks Gv Tepo-dv of the Persians ‘Gv nerp-Qv the rocks ‘mip névewy for everything pevd- being Saipov-as wretched, unlucky (ace) oxp-6s 4 -6y long Ex al vv even now, - pest (+ ac. after now - xepard hold sway, power (over) clxé-w dwell inyreside in rf} x6Ret the city vi (+ace,) by! colxsja-eng dwellings (nom., 1 dor-v the city (of Athens) éAkyogn ov small, few ace). 30 mAv80g the people ‘The plague of Athens the usual funerary rituals were turned upside down, and they buried the dead as best they could. Because so many died, people ran out of the necessary ‘means of burial and took refuge in disgraceful methods. They would comman- deer a funeral pyre made for others, put their own dead on it and set it alight; or throw the corpse they were carrying onto an already bumning pyre and make off” ‘CHhueydides, Pelopormesian War 2.52) In World of Athens: death and lo between gods and men 3.22~7. NEANIAZi800, mupé. Sep ENCE, dm AOYAOZ AIK, NEAN. AIK. NEAN. AIK. TEPON NEAN. Section Four A-D: Lawlessness in Athenian life Atal by his slave, who labours under a heavy ¥ x rae, uve, d dgonora, pnéve Kai ph onedBe. Bagds yép got 6 vexpdc obtoc, Bapiv 8 Svra Bpadkac 8n gépia Eyaye. civ géperc; Dikaiopolis) ye voy, & nal, ExiPaNAe tov verpov én tiv mupay cab. (shocked, comes forward) GANA ci noreite; wh morette codTo, mpd Bev. naveoBe. (turns angrily on Dikaiopolis and hits him) uh xabAve, db 'vOpwrre. & plape, concer ene woMteny ve; O"eAC WBpews, wh tore. (comes out of his shack) 0910; veKpov “ig doeBefag, nade ~ nh xaiAve, @ yEpov. Vocabulary for Section Four B Bap-ic (nom) “vopune=dvOpone 18 npdyue the matter Bap-bv (ace.) } heavy gyr-a(ace.) being tone-w strike Seondt-ng, 6 master (Id) obo hey, you! gépocany Se0p=Bcip0 rrad-oyat stop gig You (6. say eBid ad-< stop! S rig dvoutag what whi pre ToNt-ns, citizen (18) lewiessne aps 4 -6v ited thename of & sfgdoeBe(ag what vexp-6s, 6 compse (2a) imeverence! vexp-6v rive a. corpse ¥ funeral pyre © tig peu what (acs) aggressive behaviour! 4s46 Part Two: Moral decay Section Four A-D: Lawlessness in Atheni fe a TEP, &AAd Bnew trfuepoy tov Eudv viéy, Kat Eur pa. | edppaov oboa 1h O85, edSaipova noret tov Biov.2y oly 40 NEAN, 0B gpovei{w £ywye. » | pds Agpo8imny zpénoy kai tiv ABovrty, KaAAd oboas. TEP. Gg" ob a€Bn codg Beow'g; &p’ ob tHE tods TV evOpeircov He goes off, helped by the slave. The old man looks on. €, obte Bedsv pdBoc ote AIK. por Oawpdderc, & pany vopoug; AAR-ODBEY KURI 17d" dowv pieG, yewpyds Sv, Ka ov Eudy Sjuov n08G; Ev Yap TIF rOAeL OBBEV ERO Fi dvouta NEAN. cai dae Berar Kari véo0g Kai OAL! tev veKpiov "HAFBOs. 4s 2s dbeAgp-de, 6 brother (2a) ‘§5ov-¥, #) pleasure (1a) ‘tf méAet the city ANG AG Bare-w bury, ‘trpepov today ia, lavlesness (1b) Bava wonder sity xéhac-v punishment ipa Be-6¢, diff} god(-dess) (2a) riud-w honour: nod dorty 6 ddeAgéc, edoeBEotaroc dvOpdimwy Hv; Sos. 30 Bcc discespect——_@vng-6c~h-6v mortal (nom) (points to the corpse) towards the gods, impiety «AG prevent, stop poi the sanctuaries ati uf wor Aéye rept vopwv"K hora very mich 100 deat those who are tiv K6AaaW. f obK oioBx xt Egripepor of évopun: Settee fg (mee. mover conan he Boney; 8 bx Eanes , (goddess oflove and yuok-abate respect the gods ‘omids Svap &vEpwrtoc’. 38 otto me spéx-oyen turn (oneself) (sets light to the pyre) TEP. naiDe, nade, dripavers yap rods Beods, evar Gv. NEAN, AX obx éripdZeo tos Beods Eywye. cid yap wAdrera thy “AgpOBEeny. Kacnh yap Kal etipacov f Bebc, Kah yep Kod veawiag, 8 young man (Id) vexp-dy twv-c a corpse {ace.) ‘64-06, 6 law, convention a) | 66-05 plague ( ‘Vocabulary to be learnt ‘yoy now then dcina(e dishonouy, hold yap 2 dream (nom) dlishanour codex (nom) | Seondeng, 8 master (Id) cbo-ag (ace) f PME —_ GragBelpio GpBerpa-) ote... odceneither... destroy kill corpses nor rarrip (navep-), 6 father epi vepeov xa Byes about laws and aggression roQé-w desire, long for ci-cefoivtes respecting the ob Agog a great ‘gods (nom.) eb-gpuv well-disposed , sheep (26) q-fiep-o¢ ov ephemeral, nup-d,# funeral pyre (1b) short-lived | My. AIR neO yep Go! 4g Bpioere tod; rpcrov yp Bet! Eveyneivdib.ov. XIN Exeibi EEeorwy ul yaa Kacanhivedd In World of Athens: purification 3.33; slaves 5.63 MY. 30 (naofidea 2 xai &gmouvn Muppiva ele tiv xOAny, 78 naiBiov npocayopese:) uy. “ goes acura XN y Dow. yhuni yap 8 wig ures & tic cbruxiag fi zor yovh rRovad pe Bin doy. ra. yAonsTar BE wal A rfenp” &AN’ OB yAoKDY Beg tov nacépa, GAN duels. 24a 88 ueuoopan xe of naxpi apehet Sve. réKvov, oss Vocabulary for Section Ten D Buoroxic gaivn dv bxé tov narépa. AN, ob8elc 6¢ Buoruxéorepos E03. (poody.v ef yovaini ty xepa, Ayer) uy. KIN. airo1o' ob épd y' ds ob gS (ob tv dvSpa dweAF xaAeIg obSeuia ev vip €or cod dpeeorépa, ‘Vocabulary to belesent sexieon and yet xaraivoun re down . pépovaa 8 plaBov, xévo enyting éravépyera) avawivg: wat 8 ExB Gop128 __Part Three: Athens through the comié poet's eyes Section Ten A-E: Aristophanes! Lysisrato 129 KIN. |: 0 KIN my. my. Af, aN eyo Boum. 1s (olde tne Be nponey sh poven) 2 foraao, évaniBnooy > kiN, 4s in. his head) cx 59 & udpov & wor EBs, acpi veo Ten, GAN ode Bler yuo. Fy, Bow Béoyan, wy re flask) ay. x ‘han yt, ro PABIOV FveyKov uSpov. KIN, KIN. patient my. dya86v. da adr, Bampovic. x hore, Saris pGr0G éxoinat 50 Cee et aso 4A gakox” wh p' Rome nepi za pov. dic xexeancivn 8 Kat ur uot pépe Bey. onovBa,nepl db dont your éxorosyeta. MY. Roufow waixa, vy chy "Apreaw drohJoum yoo, AK, S giheare, iN i) 2s onovbegxoieio8an grpuet Jinohoipny dpa. My. ng aera éxBvouévn) 55 expbpiov in Adopt or ae pio nodpay obx éxers KIN, 2 wy. KIN. iv@purmoc SiacpBepet ye rag orabpanc, 35 Moppivn exsbpav @épouse) iy) Biv sere (ology yoo at any ate {88 tovel 1d xpaypas f yovi dneABoUad yw! Edinev. ofyor, ci xdoxws tt drohet yeh yov4 iva vBy Brvrjows; ofuor. Suscuyéctat0g gba kis130___ Part Thvee: athens through the comic poet's eyes Section Eleven A-C: Aristophanes’ Akharnians Introduction yphanes’ comedy 4 In Wer of Athens: democracy in Athens 6.111; comic technique 8.77; 635-7 ‘iw ros the agora fom the noth west e425) (World of Athens, 8.73, 78) ‘Comic plots192 _ Part Thre: Athens through the comic poet's eyes, ‘rip kupiadxdaia yevieter pede. ig xb npboBev. npr évtac rod KaBdpuaTos, (apépyovran er npdoBew névees o napvee RapeAOSveey 8 ndvewn,EEalorne ‘by kyiguxa npooaryopese ng, Ap@tBe0g Svéuact,) AMOIGEOE (anxiously) dn nic elne; (6 yy Anes uve, 6 wtp ob ones. vor B"Ayedéou, enpee Ec) KHPYE tig dyoy AMAL (ev pn pesyepte) ‘AyplBeos, obi vOparos, ob, Ad dBdvaro, pHTaP TIE sik, wv AnSAAw, éyt pv od dAAK rephelprivns xpmnarioate, KHPYE ot mpéofe o rape Both Eo Sedtion Eleven AC: Aristophanes’ Akhamnians 13 Vocabulary for Section Eleven A ‘Grammar for VAC ‘¢ Present and imperfect passive pope becemelbe made engry ye tate (nopehe) come forward of (ve) Payxt3a) lace ofthe ees) pits procs, herald, viprog-2-ov sovereign, with rofeng 6134 Part Three: Athens through the comic poet's eves In World of Athens: debate and democracy 6.16; citizen power 6.9: trade an 1.100, 5.55-7, ik, Bhoweo vrs Ava Bot Enawvabof re wal weave cfs AeyoustY iota éxéhorvto ol risopec of bv Bev Burrebover xe dfanaiaw def. yip ob ndoxouev ets ol yeupyot on’ windy; dei yip bx’ abriov Ranacsiyeba eo dB mod yeOa xa droNASyeB. JANE 1 €feoriy Atv sri Bios, Bonet y’fiBeoBai rewWeuevoc ig Adyorg adrov euonsvdpevog xa fate cevos xt fp eden ‘ind toB Sipov 8 Ady br ‘eGvauc eipt rep WA obBEnore ripseat 6 xpnotig tk xpnot oop oudebu. hese 8 Bos wal ats pes, wa Be ropydvetfukduevec nd cv bneSpwy eqnacaodan ya eiBeoda na Donebeoe Eon! hn vranxpcedow 2 ef bear fuig Bt oveplvat div ob oc ‘ab BE EAeGBepos Gv of wwyrtvers ut obv gpdvete unbéy, ie 100 Bow ute xv Ansspty ue od odd ov pre tev Wop Fl yeypauiéviow fl dypéigea sf nha obBclc bw obBevds obSénore dvaryndera ne drexvts 52 EAevBépous yoda cod re fen0Us wal dy af ndhar, of narivac 68006 nopevdpevor EuBsAAELY GuAoGar OIG SFornsporgeoic ph eorapEvorG” AIK, (Boic 1 AnqOlay dred Sparc) . 8, ravraci AeBeov dex’ Spoxu, orovdac noinem mpd AareBarpovions fuol usw xai wig xauSloxs, (cob duxatondrews Sévr0c we Ep dBia, derépyera 6 AypiBecc) fo the Prtanes) 10 zohg 00 al ne népoo xprptay val te ovpyioy wa neg xpupio wai ne veg ep. @AX ote spripuv obre vewpioy Betta noice! wEdAa ebbarpovoey, oUt AiBous ofte ueyéBoug, dvev eiprivns. manufacture Section Eleven A-C: Vocabulary for Section Eleven B Eyprg-0¢-ov unvriton ikea poate wy {Bix oOuede we are being ng wronged rv ddA nokepobvea the ‘others making war vefB-ovea they ae being) ‘ovpBovReta give advice ‘euayog lly 25) ins make for us today, was basi ues that excess of freedom ultimately leads to excess of slavery and points out that in democracy, pets have more freedom than enywhere else: ses and donkeys learn to strut about with absolute freedom, bumping into anyone they happen to meet who doesn't get out ofthe way"?136 __Part Three: Athens through the comic poets eyes 1nd Akharnians 2.22; Mi ty Dionysia 2.24, 2.29, 343-4 (iBvow adrp yeoue aura yéy alk. AN, alk, AMOI, aK, SiBuow bed yelp 30; peace 7.4; Section Eleven A~C: Aristophanes’ Akharnians 137 fae, eiot onovSat rpaxovroscers Kavi yiv ce Kai Garey. AIK. (oyf 2 S sown, ebay pty Save dpotasel visas reba fiir bv * 1 Xaipetv” ROAAK”wehebw rods Aapveas, yi BE, KOAEUOU wat rencvnavdine, Stary yeh eiouiy ch xa’ éypods Arovior. AMOI —_(raiBiov npocidveag robs ‘Axapvéac) I dy Be getgoyat ye oic Aopen 30 Vocabulary for Section Eleven C Dafveur adv them aking pio please (+dat) took place in 480) (1d) ene not ye Soro hug eo Ampbihess ving ‘Biara most pea ly 48-4) along farewellobe introduction impoxance of women see them through tent “With much difficulty’, But the question is an important one for many reasons, particularly because women play such a dominant role in much Greek literature (eg, Homer, tragedy and, as we have seen, comedy). (One ofthe best sources we have for the attitudes and prejudices ofthe ordinary people i ian society is the speeches from the law courts, and much ry sources and the ‘tragic’ stature of the great ‘as a slave and prostitute, and how her subsequent career took her Greece and brought her th men in the first rank of before she eventually settled down with Stephanos. Apollodoros’ Ihe denounces as a thteat and affront ide to citizen women, ‘An Athenian weding do Apollodaros’ words the average Athenian male's attitude co the subject under discussion” Counterpointing the speech are discussions of some of the prosecutor's points by three listening dikasts, Komias, Euergides and Strymodoros. Their reactions serve to bring out some of the attiudes and prejudices which the prosecutor was trying to arouse. The dikast dialogue is invented, but most of it is based closely on arguments in the speech, ‘The picture of the status of women in Athens given in Apollodoros’ prosecution of Neaira is balanced by the figure of a m3 wwas tradi ‘of a woman's de in terms of @ ‘woman in her concer for her husband and children In World of Athens: law-courts 6.38ff; Apollodoros 5.70, 6.45-6. Sources Demosthenes 59, The Prosecution of (For the dikast dialogue) Extracts from Plato; Aristophanes, Solon, 50-207 ‘Theoksitos, Demosthenes, Lysias ‘The best edition of the whole of the prosecution of Neaira, with text, facing Time to be taken Seven weeksM0 at Four: Women in Athenian society Sections Twelve to Fourteen: The prosecution of Neaira Introduction ‘These selections are adapted from the speech Kad Neatpag, The Prosed children of two Athenian ge. Apollodoros was therefore 4 ypu. He sketches 's pas to prove that she is an alien, but also makes great play ofthe fact that he waa slave and prostitute as well, thus making her ‘peetence'to Athenian wl goes on to show that Stephanos and at Athens was restricted i, and it was a jealously guarded citizenship. This evidence gives Apollodotos the occasion to claim that Neaica ‘and Stephanos are undermining the whole fabric of society rest in the matter as well, for he hed a 1e speech makes cleat ion, she would be sold into slavery: afer, which is why Stephanos is so heavily implicated a just happens to be the weak point through witieh ‘Stephanes. ‘The speech draws attention to@ number of important points about the Athenian ‘world, among which we draw especial a () Personal security for ones and foremost on being a ful ‘one’s property and one’s family depencled fist izen of the nbArc, In return for expressed most powerf outsiders forced ‘who had no dut ay in. The close Hak wl inhabitants felt with their local patron god, on whose protect sitong claim, could also be weakened by the intrusion of outsiders i) Athenians were extremely sensitive about their status in other people's eyes, In the face of a personal affront (however justified), an Athenian would be applauded for taking swift and decisive steps to gain revenge (remember that ty was some 500 years away from fifh-century Athens). Any citizen whose rights to citizenship had been put at risk (as Apollodoros" Sections Twelve to Fourteen: The prosecution of Neaira Mat had been by Stephanos) would be quick to seek retribution, on whatever grounds he could find, and he would not be afraid to explain that personal revenge was the motive for the attack (imagine the consequences of saying that 10a jury today). is dangerous to generalise about the status of women lodoros in this speech says what he males over the age of 30. He paints an unpleasant and quite unsympath picture of Nezira because he hopes the jury will respond favourably to and while we 's experience as a slave and by her efforts to g by marriage with Stephanos, Apollodoros clearly presumed that his audience's response would be very differnt. Again, Apollodoros' picture of citizen women as either highly virtwous ‘or rather weak-headed was not drawn because he necessarily believed it oF because it was the case. It was supposed to strike a chord in the hearts of feners ~ nothing more or less. The speech thus gives us an invaluable npse into what an average Athenian male might be presumed to think opposite sex, both nititudes and prejudices before us, Te, the emotional impact that a figure such as Antigone or Medea 1ve had upon an Athenian audience. ‘where the spoken word is the main means of com persuasion, and the mass meeting the main cont writ master of the at), However unsympathetic the twenty-first century may be to the orator ough itis simply one variant of a number of means of persuading people, with which we are far more conversant than the Greeks who did noc have radio, T'V., newspapers or the Interne), itis important to understand it and the impact it had on the Greek world, ‘The speech ‘The speech is set in the context of a meeting between three of the dikasts who bat hardly interrupt the fiow of evidence at ‘The speech is divided up as follows: Section Twelve: Neaira os slave A-B: The dikasts enter the court, C. Apollodoros outlines in general his motives for bringing the action and the dikasts urge Strymodoros not to believe everything that he hears,re Part Four: Women in Athenian society G: Strymodoros’ memory Hi Neaita runs away from Phrynion and meets Stephancs. J: Neaira sets up home with Stephanos in Athens. Section Thirteen: Neaira as married woman ‘A: Stephanos marries off Neaira’s danghter Phano tothe AU fastor falls ill and re-adopts Phano’s son. CC: Phastor recovers and marries someone else. : The incident between Phano and Phrastoris reviewed. E; Stephanos marries Phano off to Theogenes. F: The Areopagos find out and call Theogenes to accour Phrastor, bie his name. Section Fourteen: guarding a woman's purity ‘A-B: How could anyone not cond ike Neaira? The characters ‘The main characters involved are: Komias, Euergides, Strymodoros: three listening dikasts. sdoros: the prosecutor, making the speech, 2 man with a reputation for igiousness. the defendant, a woman now living in Athens wi Stephanos. nal enemy of Apoliodoros and an old edversary in several s previous lovers Timanoridas and Euksates the money 10 Athens with Stephanos, Phi ‘owned her. Sections Twelve to Fourteen: The prosecution of Neairaa l44___Part Four: Women in Athenian society Section Twelve A-t: Neaira as slave veheSoveo 100 nripuos, fkouaty of Bixaarat elg rd bixcorripiov.xai éAKog GRO {os 6pciow Fxovea, eB denéCovea, AagGuevor vig xe1pby Eel Be Fou 8 Kaaplas nal EbepyiBnc eg 8 Bikactiprov - 05 éRAovorSixécew ypagpiy tive Rept Nealpag - donderen 6 Erepos tov écepov. 5 EVEPLIAHE yeipe, d Keopia, KaMIAT viv wao6” ye, & Edepyibn. 00g 5 Syhos, dAAk rc dott obtost 08 Sno ia, atc Bf’ ExeTv05, O xg oN, X Famfov Expupodiipys évredfeoBa dv Sxacenptep Sixrpifoves, vy Bf Sex nal dnelpap ta Bikaindy to BY, thd xahetg wdcbv Bedpo; fora KO. AAA KaAGG Ads Kel exhoO EW ETPYMOAQPOE yaigere, & yeftoves.8a0v w> ypu t00 8yhov. (Gdetrx nd BeasrO0 twos, 10 iyatiou hayBavera) bro, i BouAspevos EAdBov x08 dod Br sb yend@ie. ap abet ued! hud Kade. . Expuuddape, Spoydswpe. ‘The agora area of Athens, wher the law-cours wer. Vocabulary for Section Twelve A Note: from now on, prefixes in compounds will not be hyphenated, and new forms will be glossed asa whole, without hyphens. Section Twelve Ax: Neziraas slave us aov one 9g ov inexperienced in another 669 push, shove ‘Vocabulary to be learut ns: meddling 6.54; persuasion 8.20-1, (iagpyeran ArohAdBuapos $b xeryopo%) ETP. dhAicxlg dor Exelvos, 8; Rp 6 Bla npocdpyEra ray Rabin, Ko, twyxdvet nzenyopdv Ev eh Sixn obo Svoud dacw AnoMABEUpOG, doig 5 dtd Nohumpaypw. EY, GAN odBév Singer efeenohunpaynioy hs 5 xotviy sy eByotav ois éyeaonvorg nape, xa ‘robs Adyous oi xpiivar Exdrepos, Kark tov Sprov dy dnéBouev. xai"yv& ArohASBupog Exedy EARoNg RONROT Sons ebepyerety ny r8hw xt xupfoug natty 100¢ vou, ty NEaipay ypankSuevos ypagiy vias i Vocabulary for Section Twelve B pg a0 fori prog, Beath 23) "HoRURDaYHOV 2orparov sede ywvif-oya got awe o,f -6v common, ee, eee whether ..or undividedKa. ad igh, rensonably npoeareyiyuiony (ngonaayvo)prejudge onaty-i by voby pay attention Part Four: Women in Athenian society & Ebepyibn, @AN mag ouoefoer rpocdfeig tev vob. “uupé-opan revenge oneseifon bndpew begin start (oxen) YVocabolary o be learnt Baipso mate a dference; og, 8 oath 20) fer from ge.) be P pocéya tiv v tof+dat) In World of Athens: revenge 4.8: frends and enemies 42, 14-16; poverty 421; ata 4.12, 655-8, oa Even, Spec AOavaon, éBouddumy yobandau NEnpay chy your hy dorwv th Némpa abel. nai dbixnbeic oF povov GENE uwun, xa cioeABelv els Duc. xa yep ABxr|enY peytAa ind Zeepevou, oF yuvr abzo6 tig nevbvous coi éoxtous waréormy, Kot al Bvyercdpes xa h yur # eur. ryawpiag obv évexa dyeovZopat rv dyna rovrov,karaoti ic so1obeoy kiBuvov. 00 yp Snipa i Exdpa Ey, fad Trépeves, oF kavBibvous xacéompey m0, xpoBinyrjeaoa Tg neviag i ep seg, Bev i Aéyes i one, RnoAASSUpOG 8 nd Zrepavon ABN ebvouav 8 Eye eg abndy bt inffe x@pac Teds, ic yip ok Eu Bodhareo, TunmpeloBat tov ExBpdv; navees yatp EBEAov Tots nev giAoUS eS nou, robe Spo na, i Section Twehe At: Neaira as slave a ois motebous,& Ee pe devaoraveeg x0. arp. kavgornee coy ‘nansbopor cig 0t0v 15 ; ey. GAX dove, nepl yp fig r0U yv0« Exc Bravenet AEyww 6 2 ‘AnokASbupo,, Vocabulary for Section Twelve C ‘tap. f revenge (1b) py begin (4gen.) yh very much, gre uae eet i thar (fa ob wbvov «Ak 0) spo Begin (agen) pu, pace (cin poston) sayin er ‘uupé-opat tke revenge onus. Part Four: Women in Athenian socioty Ey ubv vip Bounevttig rove Kacnoric 2ypatba Yrigioue x18 efrveyna tig xv Siyov. 6 Estpavac obtoo,ypuypeyevos napav Sua v3 éubv WrigLoua, ei ExOPaG 1, Yevbetc uipcopas napanxdyevec, fenoe tuna 6 Exceioen. Ejret yi, eg cv éoxdey éroplav xarooriexs Ene, Sapoy noteioden, 5 9 Bovduevov éxcetoat. 5 suéiouev aby Apeic aves ele EvBetaywactorfeaBar, wey 8 EuedAev BaxoGen f ovnpops, nai evn Hi aloydvn or, ind Tr Proposals for new las were displayed in Fontof the monument of the Eponyes Heroes in the agora SetGount yép por of pir, évavBpérarov dvaptini xadodvees «wh Afpouat Bly Oxf xe wv Buyatépov ea i yovard Ei Is iy eic Suc nal EEeAeyxeo chy Néaapay eave i ele rods Beobs doef, Gy vou tv hue xaraypovt,Eeéprv, vp Eneiperd ye derpeicbar zd oxetoug nap rg uous oc fen ele butc nai pone ExEpavov rodcov vou jv Edn Yovatel rap cv vénoy, eionyayeiv 8 a) Rotpious rai i Birac apay Sov : Néaapd dor om al ovvowel Exedy raph ods wy00s, x00 uv Boshouan ones été Vocabulary for Section Twelve D JGeché-weig commit seriegeupen Fouoc ov deprived of al rights Squseng.é member of deme, ‘demesman (1a) = Guydene uy Y daagherGay150___Pert Fours Women in Athenian society Section Twelve A-l: Neuve asslave 151 The dikasts argue bout the validity of Apol invoduction KO. bx Spi code éxetvo 8 Zheyov.reradea Bf del AEYoUoW of veEuxet, ‘Apollodores has introduced the ease by indicating his personal and’ po AX od nefOopen on’ abeav Eye. ‘motives for bringing it, and has outlined the charges he is making againg ETP, exc ye-gnoi yp &AnodASBupaccbv Zegavov Ap rx, eat “The law he is invoking run as follows: absbs eplag Evens éyeriZeadat aBrenDele be! abrod. nave Eheyes 96,0 Kept 5 “If a Eévo« lives with (ovvonetv) an dori in any way at al, any gui BY, tadra 5A eAEYGN Und ‘AntoAROSUOpov, GAN’ hyoOueH tov AORASSLapOv Athenian who wishes o may bring acase against him before the Thesmo Tous én oroubotov Aéyetv. npdirov uv yp pn AROAASBLspoc eis Ife is convicted, bath the man ad his property sh ichBovov Karaetfvai neal neviag kat cipiag, noi ob SuvfocoBat ig proceeds shall go tothe man who secured the con Ovyucépac Exboivar énerea 5é Ezéavow val NEtipav FSV vou if févm lives with an dors. In this ease, the man living wit the convicted araigpovely xa zig robs Beods dorfietv. rig ob dv onovbazor neptsabse; 10 {Eévn shall be fined 1,000 drachmas in addition. ETP, odbeic, wd fa, nis yep adv aioyvorto 6 ArOAASBLUAOG, tig Boyacépag évexBérovg Exwvs Kal vic Av yapoin yuvotKa RpOiKa.obK. Eev0s Exovoav nap8 tolodtou narpSs, ken EY, EAN Toc 6 Kwylag 05k Av Syohoyoin; dards Ko, —_ epi ticmeviag SpoAoyoiny dv. mais yp 06; nepi SE rd voptv xxi Gy 15 Gon} a female Athenian citizen axcyv-opat fel shame, be med devdnf0r-05-ov unmarried pc begin en) marge rexemppovd-u despise (+g0n) gig everyone Gediv,o¥ capi oF6a, texpnpiioy 58 feBatwov dnd 100 ‘AncAROBp00 rapexopEvwy, éxpiBc wana ye Vocabulary for Section Twelve & xatagpovén desis, look dow ‘on (gen) axoubili be concerned ‘serious; dos erufaioc @ by important, Apollodoros has then to est ‘wo charges. First, that Neaira is an alien; second, that Stephanos is living with her as if she were his wife. The proof of the first change will occupy the rest of Section Twelve; the praaf ofthe second charge will occupy Section Thirteen. In World of Athens: swnoikein 5.19; Lysias 1.82, 2.24, 3.45, 5.69; the Mysteries 2.22, 350-2; witnesses and evidence 6.47, Apollodoros sketches Neaira's past asa slave in Corinth under the ‘care’ of Nikarete. 00 wSyou roivv fxoboate, cb ivbpes Bikar, 8c ob 6 vi EEN CO dow ouvornely, ob68 tiv doviy 1 Kev, Kev NE Eien, rratBoroteto®n. 610 22, 1008" uv BoCRopa eacw ob uSvov 6 RAE at BOGAN Ka oxic exp Bx Vocabulary for Section Twelve F 12F ace, put BefxvOy show, reveal! Enbelowwyn (emda) show, exp. whore, prove raBonod-opat have132 Part Four: Women in Athenian society ‘A ylip Némipa npsrov pty BovAn Ev Koplvdxp Fv Nucapén, by’ Fg Expo naig—§ ned ob. at r85e pavepdv nat BéBmnov cexprjpidy gor xodrou Fv yap Bit Erépa Boban Nixapéens, Mevéverpa dvduer, Ac paar By Avaias 6 doors NOAA, Spaxnic 2nxev bnép adrig, EAN éxeiBh ond Nexapemns eAiigBroay nom ai Spaxuat 8c Conve, EBofev adte wurtcer abriy xa woARA xpApaarkaraetven eg re thy éopriv nai é uootripu, Bovhouevip Onép Meravetoas Kai obx Onép Ninapémns 10 Geant rd xprpera. Kar Exelon Nixapérn EN & Meniveipav. éginonévas BE abi 6 Auoias el (oysvero yép cv yovarixa fv eige xai thy untépa ty abro}, i ypas ob ev vi oixig ouvexe’) kaBtorn 8 adritc 6 Avsias dg GrASorpatov, eo Ex Sve Kal y abe. wee" cov cvviA@ey ABrivade Néaipa, Soin Nxapéeng oBea xai ade, 15 Epyadopéwn yev Abn aya, vewrépa BE ober. dis obv AANA A€yes, 6x NEmIpa Nuwapéane Hy nal ouviAe wer’ abrig, rodee Opty abrdv-cbv @Adorpacov péprupa ah, an Niinaion st up this plague to commemorate her Section Twelve At: Neaira as slave Iss Evidence (The heading evipence means thatthe passage quoted was read out in court It is (4302 )f0 fe house 0, with ‘Vocabulary to be learnt “Lesser Mysteries’, the i branches of myrtle. A woman bore on her head the sacred ‘hich held a variety of seeds and as Demeter was goddess of the 3s the quotation from Sophock ere said t0 “inspire those wi188 Part Four: Women in Athenian society re Section Twelve A-I:Neaie 35 slave 135, @ {The incidem with Lysis and Metaneia is not the only one J ‘quotes. He goes onto Neaira’s later carer, which takes he é & slays inthe company of men of wealth and high socal posi { ae Simos, a Thessalian, who brought her to Athens for the grect Panathen - Pe Xenobledes the poet and Hipparchos the actor, then Timanordas from Cox = A Sand Evkrates fom Leukadia eventually decide wo buy Nesira outright from doo for 30 mas Sh lives along time with them. No wonderthat |" yqoor anna Sirymodoros struggles o keep up...] 2 In World of Athens: Solon 1.20; Hippias 5.48; sophists 544-9, 8.224 Snug npOOS pws npookEerg vbv vooy toic Aéyors Kat 0 ‘talig paxprupiais, rodco yap noioBvees, pgSiwc tiv Wiypov eiBeveat of Sirymodoros'memory lets him down Suara, ETP, _anSAotvto oftives, dixaoral Svrec, émAavEdvoveat d Agyouaty of STP, dmohoitiny, ef pwnuovebu = avetBtx0t. Ka. Boxeic wor, d Expopddwope, ets dnopiav twit xavasctiven. uh ov nucéhonce vi drop, aioovblevas xbv EdepyiBny AAG NEE oA Vocabulary for Section Twelve G nope ETP. Eytoor pd, d Kopin, 8 dnopt. Bri t{ wvelay érowfiouro 6 AnoAASEupog 5S £5 Avoion na ig Meraveipag 8 yp wwruovesio Ey, Bou evedv vi ia pvmpovedey & Aéyer 6 dvetBuxo¢. e¥Be prvnpiovet & Agye1, xai dmoAoluny, ei uvnuovedw. Rdg yap dv Bxatiiog 1B: fi diigo, ph wwrovedong rob N4youG Ka, oderdv By ott to Buxaorf Staxpivery chy Bian, pi uvnpovedouns 10 v0’ & Aéyer 6 xateHtyooa«, ei nEvzor cogioric yEvoto od, pyBliag av 7 vrpowebaaig névtag rods Aéyous,& BxpuuObupe «Eom, nal ob dv wee eee 66 pt) chet woe Enhd®oio ey hexBéve.dAN Gonep Inning, Ba vous, yn men) sc oa tmdd fone wvnpovesemgay, ra (find) see oie tt ETP. Gonep ‘Inniag; cide ‘Inelag yevoiuny ya. 1s -névqg (nent), 6 poor man KO. civ ‘mniac Hoda, of6¢ © Bv Fob xorahyer nving oe nd Zéhavog &pyovrac, 6 yap Inia, dinak éxoboas, Euvypéveve neverKovrd évéuare. STP. d uiig téxung. ele rooatiea yvypovedourmt. GAN jaa poet Go@d, OO | (fe ei ndvtes of cogtorat ue Bibdoxo1ey, obK dv olor elev coquorfy we roieTy. 20 elneit scems (easonable lmmeaternen) 20 ag voy ove vero, ag Eon ye, na eye ochre concede thon cilnGgdvéndvOavov ey; gS avi nhosowetvA «p86 rate 20) odoin ov rl, wet Ka, ele eabra eiSciny, & Bxpupsdiope el ytp cadre fibn éyss, Movorog dv A Tonto oopier) be 1 vB, xal ob névnc 0888 Buxacoric. ‘Vocabulary to vith aR. ‘yb yép, Ganap yéowy rc, enhavOdvoparndv0"& node, tov re 28 i Bouse see “youwy kal rv ASyeov Kall cGv uaprupidiv. el BE rig tocad ea EMIAGBOItO, propia, evidence, witness (1b) Gramma ix dv Buxoete thy Sikny Kal thy pfipov Getvo tiv; KO. bx of8' Eyaaye, & SxpundBwpe. ob yep dv yevound nove dyadOc Sixoorig el wh uvqpovedasie tbr c06 Kacnyépou AexSevea. GARC 156__Par Four: Women in Athenian society sum comes from an Athenian acquaintance, Phrynion. In gratitude to Pht Neaira goes to live with him in Athens, where she mixes with the highest and ‘wealthiest levels of Athenian male society.] In Work of ns: metics and xenoi 5.4, 567i: symposia 5.25, 5:30, 8.90, Ne way from Phirynion and meets Stephanos. b tolvov @puvtiy, xaradels 1 &pyépiov Onép Neaipas ex Ehevde ‘ROrivage dy airy, @AN' digrndpevos ABrvade dachyOx Exph eva ey naval eropelere sna él aN is MeyEpars Bo ¢ Brot exer ely ty tol Smynjons 6 Erégavos odtoo} cis wh Méyapa, nawtyeco th as 1) BE Néaipa, Snynoauévy néven te npdyyat Kal cy OBpw x09 pu) Erapivy nave’ & éyovon EEFABev Ex riov ‘AOn viv, éxByuodoa wey cig EvB48e ince, poBouuen 8 zbv Opuviava. ber yep ABvenBEvTa uEV tov Opuviove tig beg na SpySuevov ath coPapdv Bt Kal SAivwpey abcod voy rpérov Sve. Godoa ob Némpa névea té abc 76 Erepdvp, rpotoracan Exsivoy abt, 1s cv ocav. 10 105, BBuKe nae del per abs Section Twelve Act: Neaira as slave 37 Vocabulary for Section Twelve H (Grammar for 12H-1 ‘© Panticipial constructions in reported speech © The future passive ayant love exy-ou lodge ows runoff exer fipy6o Iver, money (20) Korein, A Kok feehyig csraceully (slave of Neairad Seixvov, x6 dinnerpaty QB) nudes revel bu Srp ceveat, deserve, (spe time ed Megara 20) (a ly aot be of Athen cous for aot merely having numerous mistresses but also keeping concubines, slave and free, in addition to his aristocratic wife .... Concubines had some legal status and offering one’s services asa prostitute was legal, and indeed taxed (the ‘They ranged in ‘Have you an “Then pethaps you get your income from house-propet ‘come from some manufacturing business?” “No.” “Then what do yau live on?” “The contributions of kind friends ..”” (World of Athens, 5.301)158 ___Part Four: Women in Athenian society is: phraties 3.53-4: syeophants 6.54; polemarch 117 anéatige Nécipa Ev cog Meyipog x) 26¥. KAewondxou. Bvoty 88 évexa Bev Exe abr Exaipa na ds Epyaaoudyqy” adeiy” nai” Opéyouony chy olay yi ta AaB id cv 0 {ibe Tez gavoc ENAny npSoobov obx xu ost euxogacia.@ Be ¢puvia, 8Spevos NémpayéniByo00a cadeiy BoGAny elvan aux, xd xpruarat mép abtiig xaradeve. 6 Vocabulary for Section Twelve | 8 xoeoBer would be Spey = fata. ound boat i dachelogm il maiden (13) ofdaroumn ——-Méyap-a, xd Megara 20) ete ( gen) between ‘ov, ré house, mal house yADoptorg 8 whisperer (16) 1 (ft part) in ccder to 2) srapaaypey-(napahep) ‘ake Lac epyasopévny aici wat ‘pdboveay in ondor for her wo work and maintain ‘Vocabulary to belearnt npSo08-0, income (2a) ‘ABivae Wxig CAnB>). hope, Section Twelve Art Neaira as slave 139 repaday ves (rapa) tte ‘recive fom feysqopar work pt n. Both parties would appoint and would agree id “neutral, The decision ofthese three was final and binding. Here i the of the passage in which Apollodoros explains what happened, giving of the arbitration and the evidence for it: “The case Phrynion brought against Stephanos rested on two points: first and had asserted that she was free, and in the sacred place and heard the facts from both sides and from Neaira herself. ‘They then gave their decision, which met with agreement from both sides. It was: 1e Woman should be free and her own mistress (wbriig Kvpta); his house, apart from the clothes and gold jewellery and the female servants ice these had been bought for her own personal use); ‘each man on alternate day ly satisfactory arrangement woman should be pro had her in his keeping atthe time; (6) that from now on the two men should be on friendly terms and should harbour ro further resentment against each other. should be binding; 1y whichever of them ‘Such were the cerms of the reconciliation between Phrynion and Stephanos ‘which the arbitrators brought about in regard to this woman Neaita. ‘To prove that these statements of mine are tre, the clerk shall read you the depositions regarding these matters.160___Par Four: Women in athenian society Section Thirteen Act: Neaira as martied woman 161 idence Section Thirteen A-I: Neaira as married woman Introduction Apollodoros has now established that Neai a slave and prosticute nAthenian. He bias sketched ‘2 number of her love by witnesses and the marriage itself confirmed by cohak legitimate heirs. Apollodoros, however, produces no evidence of the children to Neaira and Stephanos. Inthe absence of evidence from such ‘Apollodoros concentrates on establishing the marriage of Stephanos and Neaira in other ways. The most important evidence is that Stephanos attempted to pass yen (ashe indeed boasted that 19. life methods of proof available to decide pater zenship were most easily demonstrated to the sal of a large by producing witnesses who would reduction as into a phratry atthe Apatouria festival and into the deme at the age of maj ‘examples of what could be involved is provided by & speech |, Against Euboulides 57) writen for a man who bad been voted ‘off the register of his deme in 346/5 ... The speaker needed to show not that he had been registered in the deme, for that was not in question ~he had even served as its chief official (6{yapy0c) — but that he iad been legitimately so registered, To do so he first cites as witnesses of his father’s legitimacy five of his father's male kinsmen by sins” husbands); then i range of male kinsmen, only the ‘members of his mother’s male Kinsmen. As for his own life history he fist calls witnesses to his mother’s (second) marriage and then presents evidence of his, induction into phratry and, most important, deme. (World of Athens, 5.12-14)162 Pert Four: Women in Athenian society Section Thirteen A-t Neair as martied woman 163 fvebevG, obey BinhhdyOn rep, , . Vocabulary for Section Thirteen A ua pv roivov 8 dp BoGAn jw Néaupat xa rapa xai dpa d cod @poviavog ig Méyupa, nai 8 Opoviwy éxavehotony A@fivate aici Karnyyinoe npc 1 ohepdpy di fv boa, BF bv 5 Boooyat km aba, covon vv Boyéenp, fv HABev Eyovo eis iy x09 Frewdvou olny. xa “AOrivae ABBvCEG, Ty KSpny éxdAovY aves. npérepov yep EcpupiiAn ExaAeTtO, ap ‘ABrjvate EABEtv. aiken 5é 1 xSpn é€eB68y dnd vod Exep vou tovtoUt abr0b Boydenp aba al éf dog yovan sea Sf and realy and asa moter pot EBcxev 8 Zcépavos rpidxoven pvc, Kat Bi fore cy Gav, 0 offect + Oporop, tiv rig unnpds bat” kal dvoRacia uadoben. raraapropé-w give evidence ‘wav Opioropa, dc vip épydéene iv Kai dxpiBag ebv Biov aovehéyero, obx friotato guna (+ gen) ‘ois £00 @picropos epbnong péoKEIv. veer demand socuries Spav 886 Bpiaru adsiy obte xoolay obcav ofr eBEhovany ne(Geodar abxO, yr 58 nvByevos caps iy avid ob Frepévon EAU Neaipac Ovyarépaodcay, 15 {apyitn wéiora, hyoopevas ond Eregavou Ofpiadiva nai éEanasiven. Syme yap tiv Gave xplu eiS€vax adr naveby ovvorxtaas bef, wvoton Trepdvou uh éEnrarton d Opdorop xai Davis yunota yf obK Av eEEBahev adthy 8 @pdoruip, i déBuney &v civ RpoiKa. 20 Beneoosons BE Oavods, Haye Erépavas Bien 1G @pdoropr, Kack tb voHOY 8 veheder tov &vSpa roy dronéurovea tiv yovata drobibSvan civ npotka, AaxSve0G ‘Be Eregdvou viv Bieny tabeqy, ypdeperai Opsorup Erépavov rovcovi ypagiy xa roy wSpov 8c obx €6 twa éyyrjont iy Eévng Buyacépu dvbpi Ava. ‘yoo bé Erépavos dui éfereyyOrserar dBuuiv nat Sur, eEcheyrt 2s ‘Women working nthe home weeving and spinningPrt Four: Women in Athenian society cal Egepav vk npdcigopet tf wécw Kai ves eee ig cia rosod dx hiv AaBetv 75 5 Erexe Govd sero Bi vaaBely x0 tic Cav, Taocebtt ob ero va), ob« EBAY tOdG 1 éAafov dt x8 abe00. Vocabulary for Section Thirteen B ovis poo piv before (+ in.) lass, decides 10 take back I : \: EY {voc -6y willingly) ‘Vocabulary tobe lea Phe Jn World of Athens: citizenship 5.1ff, 13-1 vO Si veya rexunolo nal neprpa Enuterotro banter, in he eyes ofthe Athent apdorwp, bx dv avéhape v8 rab Section Thirteen Act Neaira as mattied waman 165 piv (+ in) before 6806 -0¥ ready eager Vocabulary for Section Thirteen C 13C causes: past ‘unfulile; ‘mised’; and ‘open/simple' (no &v) nacho show, sane of Phrasor' sé int=rouna6 _ Part Fout: Women in Athenian society ve i nal GARO cenuripo BooAopen du Exit m dot Napa abun 5¥80 epdorw, dvr doe lye rv Gavode natSacc robs grep al rab poribag dv Opdorp doi yevurjrm, eB5eec ty yo Ovyaépa dxcoboavtes @pfcropa abriy éondutaver, Enerna Bubxé”doteveiy acy even 05 ma al ob evFeey res, AX Evdypapa dy elc yev Reygvroce od Spars ta 8 letra ai ein a poy wlan wy voc mbes ven adroouibv 2 dare oad not Eyyuntic nani bv vey. nporehoupdven cebedy vv yevvnin, Ehev 8 Gpaavtp thy Spvov ‘utotov ei Mel 8 mac yong fv nad dere Yuva powsé-opa challenge ea 0 ees Suvi yoo) swear Section Thirteen A-t: Neaira 2s married women 161 u benveen id Phano is reviewed by Apoliodoros. odKobv repipaviig émSerkvbu buTv Kai adrodk tod oixeoug Nealpag ramet ‘earauapropfoavtns cbtiy Eévqy elvai, Peépavév ee rourovi cov éyoven eabeny vuvi xai covotnodve’ abrf xa opkotopa tov haBévra viv Buyacépa. 5 yey vip Erégavoc xarauapropel Neaipas Bé-rd eOeNFoa dyiovioaata ini sc Ooyaspbc nepr -mpouxi, Opdorwp && uaptupet ExBaheiv ce viv Buyacépa tiy Neaipac raven cx éoBobvan thy npotka, Enea Be aids Und Nexipac xxl Gavod reso dadéveray nat x6 dnac elvan na ctv ExOpa Tiy mpd wodk oiKeF Ove, bxaibiov kai vibv nowionoOas, été Bt eloayayeiv tov mba lc cobs yevvfcas, EAR ob dudom rbv vio & davig van evar Gorepov BE ya yuvetic dociy xavé by véyo, abran ea npAers nepigaveic oboe, ueyiac wapropiag 10 Binns lay Gy fae hy Nein eae nognleccoa, gov ih 5 bxG Kal doe KV 5 ce hy WAAL Kel TObs Bes, 1s Vocabulary for Section Thirteen D y ‘Gramma for 15D © Gerunds (verbs used as nouns): «6+ infinitive evidence waptoplo give evidence, bear pips és very lear aprop- give evidence, bear witness Yocabulary to belearnt epg very clear dnowng@oua reject (4g20.) ‘The marriage dowry = ‘The new wife brought a ‘dowry’ with her to 2 marriage, given her by her father, usually a sum of money under two const168 __PartFour: Women in Athenian society Introduction 0s brings to bear on his cout as man and wife ident would have appeared y' pxev Paoinesc, an office which entailed ‘Athens’ most sacred rites on behalf of the ing arkhon 2.33, 3.47, 6.30; offices of state 6. the gods 3.56. jor piece of evidence that Stephanos and Neaira are Stephanos rakes advantage of Theogenes' poverty to win political power for ‘irnself and a marriage for Phano. jwoay hy avid xepupavias Kévn oboav xa ob deriv. Hy évaiBeua F109 Eeewpévow xai Neafpus, xa Brac iy oaviic yap Ecdhunoay odoxcry civ Gvyarépa thy Neatpa fi ydp nore Geoyévny 1, 8; Raye fzahas, ebyevts ub dv, ne, BE at rexp0« tev npayudcaov nat npiyeloeNBeiy tov Geoyévn cig iy dpxy, xpfnace napetye 8 Bxegavos, i mipeBpos yewnag aves ass doxtcusBeRa. re Be Geoyéong store , Exdigavg ob r00t,nipedpos yevouieves bik Nenfpag @uyaépa yovaixa BeoyEvet axihy dg ebro Boyrcépa obaav. ob yp fife 6 Gxoyévn Srov Ouydenp Srigxé En. ofr zohb TOV vue wat budv natEgpévCEY Bik ody ead, nkvees po eos, roRAE va dy xa éndponca péstepov nepl rosa Binyfeaata. oF udvow yp itp ¥ }igov .eote, aARa xa mp fc mpds Beod, iv 6 Zrdgavac doeféotare nenoinke,rolg Yip w5uods dtipous nenoinne cacaReyp5voe, cv Neaipa ‘yaa GeoyévesBaciAevove dubious, xo abe reroinxe rep, xl tg Bootag dnp tg née céBuxev. SF dnd Ady, abuat al npdéercBrAcioovow. Vocabulary for Section Thirteen E oe eee B05 -a-ov holy up 0 eval, shameessness (1b) expo -ov inexperienced in Binycpat explain ‘Auéwus-0 Dionysos ef naar, espe og, 16 manner, habits (3c) ugg £6 open Section Thirteen A-l: Neaca as married wornan 169 cihaBeva, espe \edoren allege, claim valid Yoeabutary tobe learnt ‘ayaa (hay) ram as ‘andidte fr office) ‘The festival of Anthesteria ‘This festival in honour of Dionysos gave its name to the month in which it took place (Avécompioy, January-February), Its name derives from the Greek for Rowers", andthe festival took place ata time when the first signs of life in nature, ‘blossom, began to show. The main concern of the festival was with the new wine (ce. the reappearance of Dionysos) and the spirits of ill omen. The festival lasted there was a procession in which Dionysos rode in a ship-chariot and the wile of the king Spxiov (Gpxwy Booted) was ‘married’ to him in a ‘holy marrige’ In the evening, crinking-pasties were the order ofthe day, but cach guest brought his own wine and crank it in silence, the very antithesis of community fellowship. The Greek explanation lay in myth, Orestes, infected with biood-pollution for killing his mother, arrived in Athens on yéec. In order that he should not be excluded from he celebrations and that the people should not be pol luted, the king ordered that all rink their own wine from their own cups, We may prefer io explain the ritual rather as an attempt to puta boundary around the poten- tially destructive effects of too much alcohol. The third day was xSzpay, ‘pots, and of acomplesely different character. Vegetables were boiled in these pots not for the living but for the spirits of the dead. It was a day of ill omen, when these were said to roam abroad, When the day was over, the householders shouted "Get ‘out, nFpes {evil demons’), the Aviearripa ate over! (World of Athens, 3.47)170___ Part Four: Women in Athenian society Section Thirteen Act Nealra as married woman The Areopagos Council finds out about Phono's true st In World of Athens: Arcopagus 6:38; priestly authority 35. “gavoc uty zotvoy vv Ooyacépa yovaTca GeoyéverPaoiResove HyyGnoey, aie 5 Exoiex tr iepé cada, yevoyévw BE rota Tov isp, xal dvaBéveev cig “Apetov ndyov raw Evvée pxdveay, Fgero Hh Boun A €v Apetay nay ev lepv, ti abe route xa mag mp of Spyovre xa e585 feet xai nooévn dor Ocoyévns kad ev ad, xpi OY ‘epiov xpdvoiav’ Erousizo xa &fnylou rv Oeoyévn. yevoueven B& Abyinv, Kat yahentic" peposiong vic Ev Apeliy neyo BoUAg, Kai Gnutodong tov Geoyévn, et ro1aSeny AdBion yovaia xai cathy édcete nonjaa t iepk td doprca bmép vc rohews, éSefco 8 Gxoyévnc,ixerebur xxi dveiBohdw Eheyev yap Bx ob eiSefy Neaipas airy oboav Goyaépa, AAA’ ekaracndetn dnd Etepavo, wai adtég AGBOL avid tig Guyarépa aizod obcay yunatary wack roy vSuow Bik BE x kierpos elvan Gv mpayudreoy, xa chy data Thy abrod, xoujoaoBau ndpeBpov tév Erépavoy, 5 Biowroovta tiv dpxv’ eDvouy yp puivendar elvan tov Eetpavov" Buk 8 ro8t0, xeiSeBoaa abr) piv uae exipcg bxoog ‘on, ‘08 esBopan, peyéy sexi Gu Opty. rhy yép SvEpeonov donéyrpw éx tig abla énenbh obx Ear Eregdvov Ouydenp aA Neaipas” dtooxoudvou bE radea roger Ocoyévous ya Beouvou, Ev Apel” ney Bod, Sua pev EAerouan adréy dxdt dxawKov elvan, ya 8 youyvn ind 109 Exe vou drag EEanarnOivan,éréev. dix BE axéB Rostov” you 6 Oxoyévns, ec ny te dvOpunoy, rv Newpes Boyaréoe, ax rig olviag,rév re Zeépavoy, rbv éEanattoavea abrby,drehasyes dnb avouc, enatoavro ol Apeonayirar xpivovres, toe the daughter of Stephanos and had been deceived, he divorced the woman and ceased t0 ‘he expelled Stephanos from his post of Assistant, and no longer serve in that capacity.” culls Mheogenes 19 Vocabulary for Section Thirteen F seybeb ally oneself by mariage 0 (+e) piv judge, accuse speBpoc, 8 assistant (2) pévoray ovl-oue show covvétpr-ov, 36 council board qesSoua \ye6B-oyen ie Komias suggests argu nts thar Stephanos witl use to clear his name. ETP, riicdvoniag, noAAd vip atoxpiic SenphEaro Zeégavos, EY. Gi dAnBh ye Adyer AnoAASSupog daeBeorare 5} nenovKaer Beegavos Vocabulary for Section Thirteen G ‘Grammar for 136-4 ‘© More forms ofthe perfect: ~ pert ive middle end passive = perfec infin = perfect participle © Some inregular perfects loge-6¢-4-4y base, shamefal — Buampr-opat dopubli sevice (1b) eon having been made I. Part Four: Women in Athenian society ai Néatpa, ci yp vou ty Ome rig xohttelag wai rev BEV kacaneppoviKaow. ela6s ye. noRAoI vip wevaprophaow abzobx Katsneppovnnéva tig te ygion vevnin yd nobRanac yap érrohehdxaonv of Skater robs abixotvees of na sb ouev zov Etigavov obte mhogoiovévea,obtererpnpepyste, obte xopnyov xadeovdna, obte ed nexohiteuyévov, obte dyaGbv oB8LY ch ‘x6hex Biamenpaypévov. _ perform xox dpe Eeipavo ty ci dxohoyeto Nézapa nat vac’ robs wéxo05 svvornet a example; oxopackcoi xpneanhokASBpoe, gatvay Néatpav xapay obsay nai BovAqy Nikapérng yeyevnnévny aAX’ ob dochv rreguxviay, ciate Bfov &uEEeAeyy Brera 6 Erépavos YevBOueves, (péowov rout. (Be; St bx ethnge thy Néatpa ig yovatia, AAR’ nahAaly EvBove s 0 s Sranpreopen (ar9E6,) do, oct, ey. é bs ‘ 0 ae. Seivoriois ov x1vbGvor,xadéoenxe Néaupa Bd énpent dnd 2repévov. EY. AVS Aue nal 8 Beépavog, de du0l Bonet negixaet vox névees, 1s ‘auapcaver. Vocabulary for Section Thirteen H ympeévo make aminake axhue (per of 100400) Tamlost veya Der of yr Spon xe xplv "St, Neo ps tet oe Vocabulary for Section Thirteen 1 naa you have heard ‘sft having been impious ee =-£) (éeeBluyma art Four: Women in Athenian society eis rods Geods rhoeBxbrey, ne impious (deta) c cohdere rob rv ndAvv HBvenKéea, doefetv paMAov i xpd wb ebvefeiv neoxdrax, Section Fourteen A-f: Guarding @ woman's purity us Section Fourteen A-F: Guarding a woman's purity Introduction ‘The evidence is aver. Apollodoros has shown to his own satisfaction that Neaira is an alien and is living with Stephanos as his wife. But the matter cannot simply fone tothe intellect; and in an Athenian court, where these was no judge to warn the dikasts against such appeals or to guide them in what the issue at hand ceally ‘was, pleas ditected at the dikasts’ emotions were common. Apollodoros thus Amara af xdpvn176___Part Four: Women in Athenian society a woman like Neaira? The si molerable, itv Néaapay cadeny aloxpdig nai SArycpung pve doy xen, of 8 po roiew KoRdom, doePriaete Kat Spe adtoi xpd tod Beods, av ui cadeny KoAdomE. Vocabulary for Section Fourteen A AF tive mood: present, aorst and perfect ‘© Indefinite constructions with &v ioe (Sur). Sesine(Sb) _xodonte you punish (xed atte Deip-og-0v ale, empowered Gryidpme-cc-ov unavenged ——_preO-6, 8 pay 2a) ypsoivataar ink pas. of yaigas éRiyp-o¢-oy contemptuous davit eqvaeyéomv known Geyione) init ara eo hone aceon, A Greece (3a) Gioxoues) oy (owe) x5 body, person ds (EMaB.), 4 Greece a) @b) 1086 8 pay (2a) ni (edt) forthe purpose of Gua (oun), x body person ‘Vocabulary tbe learnt (36) Bony (ueypa0), <6 crime (3) Section Fourteen A-F: Guarding a woman's purity i protection of women 5.16-18; their dangerous habits 5.24 57; family breakdown 8.54. axiaig, wariodve NEaipay ueréyer ry i dvorroig yok Bakere Bey Bxb6van Akyaporefvan xa abrol buoywouoves ToKs Nets epénON, Vocabulary for Section Fourteen 8 # freedom, care-lanche oSgpuy (augpov-) sensible, ‘Yocabulary tobe learnt érogret{oum acquit (ger Boskavea: they wish (Bodhopan) reject (4900) Snyéoum explain, go trough Simpdopn explain, relate, 20 ‘nog xa nov nach ns took practical steps to see that hip law introduced by Peri dren). Itwas very exceptional indeed for a resident alien (pérorkag, hence ‘metic’) oF non-resident foreigner (Gév09 tobe voted citizenship; it would be a reward for some extraordinary service {o the democracy. In shor, only 2 fraction ofthe total population of the Athenian state enjoyed political rights under the democracy. (World of Athens, 5.3-4)me, (gen) Part Four: Women in Athenian society ab 88 5 x oxyde, & Edepyibn, nat ote cvveranvets rods ASyous oBre éAeyxeg HBopon yep Eywye yarore dxodoas tov Abyow By Buépyeran "AnodASSwpoc, rf obv Aéyerg mepi chy BuAABev; Sp Ben xal 9 ye roig Aéyoxg . dhiotd ye" Binov, & ExpousBuape, ois Aéyoxs Aouar ofc SteAHAvOeV “anoNASBuapoc, ErerBic yp cg Kaaig Aéyn xa AANOA ef obx Seren dxotoas: 156; dpa Bet yc waabixdom tig Newipag; 1c yp 08; fv yap don pusdueBa Newipas, €éorat ouvoreiy of¢ @v Boohuvear, nai pdoxery tobe nba edxwor, ‘ob pOvov ye, Edspyidn, @AAE Kai of ev xaBeordires voor xvpO: poles rods vouous éoedp0u foes; ‘iv dy yder ca ve Eranpto xa rtbv vopeny, uot B& obBev TobcUy ny wor yet py moAsriSwy peer; nig ric Tou HEV 1 Aéyers, gy 8 od aveavw. 1.90 yovi foBe, b Sxponsdiope, eudvOaves fv, kat oor dv Epehe Tv rohuc(Buv. onset 54, Expupdbupe Vocabulary for Section Fourteen C praising byes they happen upon xoxo) plan Sianparreadai 8 x1 Hv fodhuovrat. xf og, ose «an e Section Fourteen A-F: Guarding a woman's purity 9 a In World of Athens: importance of the 5.9-10; jealousy of izenship 5.4 ko, vv tv vp, al dv docopn@h you 15 Ka 8 ap cig review Kaeaee xe uf Sbumear-xpota SoGva tf Ouycep,tkaviy chy potKa nape 6 vy8u0. grr, nag Reyes, xo, nna rata roi pepe, Bl abnby darod GvyactpayapeW,) — S 5 voobéren oxonobaw Brag ai ev oka 7p. Fy, Ko. 10 x yaar vee v BodAovtan, ri youet 13 ig ey neviu Boyacéoas, ti potas uh Exov0us nave BV py j-ehecv i evra nohcibuv. 20 EY, wahdc pv diehihote bv ainPéorepov 5d npyua bnd Koplow sfppea. GAL ane, G go. natiera yap Meyer ‘AnohASSuap06, Vocabulary for Section Fourteen D funtion, work (18) whomever dea sufciot eaters eis placed, finds ‘pp (Gp) rea, rie, fee. nourish Sovipede wearable (Sévayet)180___Part Four: Women in Athenian society Section Fourteen A-F: Guarding a woman's purty 1 GV lp. wh oby sae winds Ou sche pees Suxaoret, rpeigere abet a oA éxtoxng pac ovyyeyévnna, nal Sav nev én rd waenyope yewmoBe, Gv v6piy abv anode, dy oinodyev thy nd, xa nao Suwnudrace Sixéoew. Sra Fe, yvquovebere xarnyopiay Thy Neatpac Sy droBhénne, EvBopeiaBe todto pdvov, ef NEatpa obou rata Branénpavceat. Vocabulary for Section Fourteen xopemnte you gaze at (Gn0fkéze) ahi 5 dsgusting ‘Spepéxece you have sworn ‘The dikasts await the speech forthe defence ~ and their pay. In World of Athens: state pay 6.13, 5. fr. , Aye xarnyopta fly SteAfAvBev“AnoRASBpoc. ry 82 elu uvquovesewy thy He word & xa yopos, ep ooo ns, at lg 0 ai nepiéhger ce wir 8 dmcRoyosvec, i ome, ErpoySBpE. 1G ody por EEgovan Buxxptver vy Bixny; pGrov nev dovooy, Ener 8 Sidprvov. elev. ray 68 cy Ufigov Guba, Eps dveordtes uu tiv YFipov Béuevoy, 6 cprdiohov 5 Anpoueds, & Expuuddupe. ABiorov By gov bro, Stay ofa spud odov Exuv ev £6 erSyan, nai ndveec of olxeio: donGwoveat we Bk ofonov. rang, GANA rade hoapiv, & Kula, dvéoenne yp ibn Eregavos gd oynadyevos, onyiing dy, Kel roy voOV mposéxo1G Ev. Kal OG YE, 10 Expouddupe, Sos jvnpovedoesré eipnyva nd ‘AMOAAOBApOU Kat poaékarg rv voBv neds nave" & &v Aéyn Erépaves, Vocabulary for Section Fourteen F hon clk nonsense estar tobe neat poboué-ouctbe cage. wiling reasonable porte) ‘rj laropar), 5 mouth (4 da.) chica we est ((Oqyv8e) i) ‘So ends the speech for the prosecution of Neaira. To the questions *What did Stephenos reply? Who won” we have no answer. But however damning ‘Apollodoros’ case may seem, it has a number of weaknesses that Stephanos ‘ould have exploited. Firstly, he could claim that Neaira was no wife of his, but simply kept woman’ (éca(pa), a normal p ‘could claim that Pha woman, and therefore fully to Athenian citizenship (and one may imagine how emotionally he would have described tothe jury how his own dear child hag hhad her reputation slurred simply because of his perfectly normal extra-marital relationship with Neaira). Ifyou have read Apollodoros’ evidence on one side of the case, there is absolutely no doubt at all that Stephanos would have produced plenty of quite contrary evidence on the other side. Apollodoros” case rested on huis claim that by passing off Phang as free-born, Stephanos and Neaira have asserted the validity oftheir marriage and that this isan act of criminal collusion in whieh they are both implicated. His pleas fr the preservation of public morality against the threat of people like Neaira must have added considerable emotional \weight to his argument If the birth of citizen children from marriage was the sole criterion for judging whether two people were married or not, Apollodoros had not a leg to stand on, The fact that he still brought the case fe that there ‘were many other considerations which could sway the jury.Part Four: Women in Athenian society Whatever your feelings about the people involved (and remember you have as you leave Nesira to I she was probably between fifty been thinking as her past was so rutlessly dug up in the cause of Apol revenge on he Section Fifteen A-C:Alkestis in Euripides’ play 1s Section Fifteen A-C: Alkestis in Euripides’ play Introduction ‘ease, the other a dramatic prize) ~ you may rece ‘and one no less important than that given by Neai ‘The god Apollo, semtenced by Zeus to live & (because he had killed Zeus’ fremakers, the Cyclop Jhuman Admetos and, finding Admetos a pious man, tricks the Fates into offering hhim areprieve from irominent death ~on the condition that another in his ‘can be found to take his place. The day has ‘on which Death is to take Alkestis away. a quite different impression, of serfdom to a moral Greck tragedy 8.494; women, mantiage and the home Wetlng reparations184__ Par Four: Women in Athenian society Section Fifteen A-C: Alkestis in Euripides’ play 1s Vocabulary for Section Fifteen A © Tragic usages © Scanning Greek verse © lambic timeters xOPOE EPATIAINA rac 8 ob Epforns xi xph AéyeoOan cfv8 Sep BeBAnye ‘yovatxa; 10,8! By wthov EvBefEarrd rg 5 dow nporipi’ f BéAous' nepavelv: seat rade pv 84 ro! én 4B ev BSpoxs Epace Gavedon WAdwv. net yp ffo020" hoa cy Kuplav fixovoay, Sam rovauiors Aeonby xp6a 10 209-6 chorus (oF townsmen) 3 ) fioxé cpm adorn oneself og -ov untimely, before ps (ypu), skin flesh Ca) (ate. xpéa) cp by far Sppaved-w lok afer as ‘orphans sevorar-og-n-ov forthe very toGifre xSouov ebnpend¢oxtoare, orice npdoBev ‘Eoriag xcs Seo ee pot w bol in honour avedyvo (outenf) jinn die’ 1-2, ebehéng ... yori) + ‘glorious ... and the [best] woman’; tiv ‘of those...” 4, cl xph AéyeoBou: ‘what should {eiv6" br. yov.] be called?” ie, “how can ‘one deseribe...?" ¥8éhove': ‘mor ‘ic the things which’, obj SnepheBhngvy who surpasses Ge. oy than by being willing” avpcon (fut, 28) . obfevfov isso. vi vocabulary, and understand ‘grant that they [+ inf|86__Part Four: Women in Athenian society Section Fifteen A-C:Alkestis in Euripides’ play usr nen her breakdown as she appr res’ xvvei & npoonirvowea, nd Bt Séuviov SoBanporéyery Seder hnunwpt nei 8 nohAaiy Baxptwy elev x590¥, povemig éxecodoe Bepview, Badu robe" éneorpaign 5 aeppnjev ade adBic és Kofeny nau. Bt némhu unepd EEqoeqyévor A BE AauBavous' é aycihag fhoxd@er Bor" Gov, dc Oavoopévn révees 8 Exhaioy olxéran ka oxéya, o drag B¢ Payot ot wa” AByHizo0 B6p0uG, poofdée niggoreye Kai npoandgaro, Gvdaroc darévaKtos, o88E rodney xaxdy peBiom xowtdg edei8 daw. xéinerce B6AaOV éorEs “Sheep, Eva napeéver Div’ fy oper’ x 098 av, o6 By ip" ob yp Gap 0 duce 8 ut vy" mpodotvar yap 0! dkvodea Kal ndow 0 Suan. o€8 ZhAn sic yovh nexetoeea opi piv obx dv paddov, sbeunig 8 Tou! podten’ éxdorw, nod fy obo xands ‘By 08 npoaeine xal xpoaeppiOn nARN. Vocabulary for Section Fiteen 8 SES a LN SD “aBume0s, brdmetos (23) fadaveot-ov anweeping a copa oc) nate ‘ est Sepa (oer) sete neh prem earor somiv=xd Eby (pres. pat of enéoxopct) Vocabulary for Section Fifteen anys (rep Gs BS. ob: take with xépt C4. Beneaodcn: ‘stumbling from the Geyviwy’ 5. noARé: often’; Cahduusy: ‘from the...” (controlled by ét08¢')form) (98lvua die, waste say epic Le an Adietos' end Notes 15. KarBavéov: Admetos isthe subject 21. Olver: Alkestis isthe subject 22. _yeipés: see vocabularySections Siten to Seventeen: Official and private justice 1 Part Five Athenian views of justice Introduction ‘A number of Greek writers and thinkers were greatly concerned with the snd shows the problems of enforcing it and making it work (Sections Ti ends with « uo, ascribed by Plato to the Greek sophist Protagoras (pwxayépec), which explains the origins of human eiviisation and shows how ‘ixn became an essential ingredient of it (Section 18) Sources Demosthenes 47, Against Plato, Phaidros (passim), and other dialogues, Plato, Protagoras 321d-323a NRE Fisher, Social Values tr Classical Athens (Dent 1976) has excellent part- translations and discussions of both Neaira and Against Mnesiboulos and Euerges. Time to be taken Five weeks Sections Sixteen to Seventeen: Official and private justice to equip and man, Athenian navy. It was Theophemos’ du ‘eat t0 his successor, but this he refused to do. In his attempts tarkhos got into a fight a charge of assault and battery which he won, thanks to false evidence and the suppression ofthe testimony of a slave woman, Aristarkhos sought an extension of time in which to pay the fine, but at this Theophemos and a bunch of friends ‘descended on Aristarkhos’ farm, grabbing all they could lay their hands on anc rtlling an old servant so badly that she subsequently died. Is who advised on what to do in cases of lodoros, and tells bim the whole story. ‘The speech is datab Note Aristarkhos' monologue is almost entirely unadapted. In World of Athens: liturgies 6.62; rierachies 743-6; exegetai 3.33; blood-guilt 3.26; revenge 4,8ff.; Social War 1.100.192___ Part Five: Athenian views of justice Section Sateen A-H: Oficial justice: ships, state and individuals 193 Section Sixteen A-H: Official justice: meets Apo! tell Apollodoros. ropedeva §AnokASBupoc e5Bd« 00} 18 relyos, det 8 ylyvecen Katty x ‘Apioriovor ndvo dBGuung“Exove. Kat posaryopese. ships, state and individuals 1 2vead8a ouveoyyever Apiordpxts 2G TapKOV Tpocrdvex 6 ‘AaASBLI9AG IBA ANOnAOBAPOE not Sh nopebet val néBev,d ‘Apion; APISTAPOE BE dyopt Ail eiat oby, omer er pe AP, FABov,dAxodhSBupe, mpd robs eEnymed, An, AP. _govetons ypu ria, arehevBépav ofeay. rabny obv ty aoppopiv év@quoiuevos xa rmtopeto8n Boudsueveseobeay de rade eEnye, ‘WAGoy, SiekeABver 8 or & EnendvOn ey) xai Gedgnpos Sienénpaxto, bk Epasay eéeivan rpupetetan tpéne & Ev Vocabulary for Section Sixteen A Verbs of fear Verb-forms i ‘Grammar for 16A-B. ©The pluperiec had -ed’ Imperatives using uf + the aovist subjunctive ‘9oBooua pr + subjunctive 1606, expressing necessity be upie ft be gloom, ) apt bnenvOn had euered (xdoxa) Ber pusification of the place of sacrifice, thenceforth called the xé@apuy, the puri- fied place’. More elaborate ritual purification was needed in certain cases, partic- tlarly for murderers who were excluded from sacred ground, and for those wino ccame into contact with murder or with the dead. Itnight be required after sexual uations that brought ‘and one particularly «survives from fourth-century Kyrene. There were also official bodies of thens to whom one could apply for advice. One such body was the -cornmend purification rather than any fur- 37,33)194 ap. an, topu be gloomy, ddsheanenad, downheaned oynéov (you) should be leoya a. foe nda (ru now on, bold back Part Five: Athenian views of justice Epa pa oxextéov revel spony npoaexev ty voby npoBupod rte, Sex oper Yor piyua Bi cint ov, fédetare, Kai ph droxpsipn unde. s GAA goBod.e“urodxoRZow Mya. ob yp Boab Abyos. tui poBod" yh robo yévmem. oxo) yép wo! éorv, eine obv ua Uh éxioxns Sunyntéoy dpa wor nave 2 px os EouKe. nar Bi, "ARONASEWPE, poatxoved:yé 001 dco ob yep Kattyopos Bet eT Kal Externe 10 Emergog nepi xc Bucur cf BF pe nepinaroy novos yev0s BosAn dnodews nathuevos; rvs BE 6586 fram’ xbv Roady Eien ropevoyévous nat Aéyerv syd yap péhiora EmOvud vei nal d@uyobve. dre, ev Is BoBiGwv nouf ray nepinacoy wai Méyapdbe, 09 xascoya éxdpevs¢ ‘i yeyevnitva ude. a Bé Réye, fea door, werd 005 coupBovhesowua. ivy pov obv eerily repinar-og, 6 walk ll oor ofa fel grateful 0 (aa) ore ‘oxdxe-oum consider ‘exercdov we (at) must fneSer0ga-ovsuable eonsider occurrences (2b) eaietog Rev stable, mefid eager for equ be seaved Section Siteen A-H: Official justice: ships, state and individuals 195 te fear sd don't réwo y poGudoue be read ‘ego examine, look carey at Athens: climate and character Apart from some mountainous areas ofthe central Pelop ex Greece enjoys the type of climate called *Mediterranes summer droughts. Inthe winter, rainfall is heavy bu ‘many days when the sky is clear, the sun warm and the breeze cool. In summer there is virtally no rain for two to four montis, apart from an occasional thun- dderstorm or brief mist, and the intense heat of noontime can bring activity to a halt, Particularly in south-eastern Greece, where Athens lis, levels of rain vary very significantly from year to year, and more than once a decade rainfa js ingufficient to sustain cereal crops. Unlike the cold of northern Europe which vate, indoor existence, the Mediterranean climate encouraged an out ‘modem heavy industialisation, the atmosphere everywhere hac «piercing clarity which sharpened the outline of landscape and buildings, so that Tandmacks could be seen . tuated in the driest part of Greece, has rather shallow soils on the hills Ancient authors could not agree as to whether it was unusual ‘good (so Xenophon) or unusually bad (so Thucydides) for agriculture. Plato, blaming deluges (evidence for deforestation is very mesg: “the skeleton of a body wasted by disease; the rich soft s leaving the land nothing but skin and bone’ (Ki b-<). Despite Plato's sloomy picture, Attica stil had a variety of tees: planes, cypresses and elms, and in Athens itself these trees were planted of Athens is the large (Aigaleos, Parnes, Pentelikon and Hymetios) but is open tothe sea on ‘the south ... The plain was watered by two seasonal rivers, destructive in winter, ‘much reduced in summer. These flow close to the Acropolis: the Kephisos on the west rising in Mt Parnes and flowing into the bay of Phaleron, and the lisos ‘on the east rising in Mt Hymettos and flowing into the Kephisos ... A travel (CHerakleides') who first saw Athens in the early third century sets the scene: “He then comes to the city of the Athenians; the road is pleasant; the ground is ‘cultivated all the way, and has a kindly look. The city is all dry, not well-watered; the streets are badly laid out because of their antiquity. The houses are mostly ‘mean; few are commodious, Strangers visiting the city might be struck by sudden ‘doubt, whether this is really the renosined city ofthe Athenians; but after alittle while one might 25-6, 12, 26) nese and Crete, south thas all run away,195 __Part Five: Athenian views of justice 5 had refused 10 eo. open In World of Athens: personal enmity 4.14-16;, leierach 7.434; stasis 4.16; ship's gear 7.44, fan Euenien 12 tpinpapxiv, xa rpmpapyotvex Bet ye rd oxen Kat ‘puipn naps Gcogruov napahaBeiy 2b yap ola Sn Bet e8v eprnpapxtioarea, e&iovone ‘fc Spx, tapaSoGva ry ce ron a tk ox rmpapxroe, vane 5 cxdtds Bove napaonendZen ny vay. dAAA xainep Béov bv Gedenuoy éroBo ven ‘kena, o9 rapéhaBov Ey waplrosco0 tay oxevavObBEY. al Bh Ky ce, re pinpaprtio 0 yas tf nShet Ba chy tv ovyudyey ovdow, ove er roigrprmpipyoug ‘apg cg tdxsoca dare 08 yp dndBuaxev 28 ones pix 8¢ robro1G, oD8' év 1 NeipaeT Fi depGove 886 v.c Kal oruanefow kal exovta, Gore obx Ev nplacta, xxl obx EEbv rpladdn, 6 wGv bperRSvewy dmoBEvENY, Ppa XaipEBu0g pou ou eof xadecwrestpfpapyot npootéreaey 6" réysota wa vais mapaonevsZoper Xe ‘roRAt ob Fv wot Evy Ko vai napaoxevdoas drooréAAo di téntota. Béov oby pe tate noveTy, Ceo pe poaifov ive tk oxen xoytoaipmy. 20 Vocabulary for Section Sixteen C ne of sate crisis, (Grammar for 16C © The accusative absolute © c+ the superlative Groat send ont ted Blow it being necessary (=D Ba véxo0 peed $épx-ova end, finish vic bsing possible efeom) rupacrenil-o equip, propare _orurnet-ov, tS tow, coarse Max Trevpa-ed, 8 Piceeus (33) 2) Section Sixteen ACH: Oficial justice: ships, state and Indhiduals Ship's gear ‘The ety kept meticulow in order to equip ais equipment, ‘of tho equipment which each wiracch was supposed to have ‘The following is an excerpt from an inscription detailing such 001 xy rompdpeey yeypeyucvor piv upeuaard, 26Be Ei ca ed ap ome cet bre ecipeyort, switters heavy cables passod around the ouside of a ship’ ll and made tight, hold the fabric togetner hhypoblema } unkown atablema sidescreens forthe protection ofthe rowers during battle (From: Inscriptiones Graecae,198 __ Part Five: Athenian views of justice hos approaches Theophemos' brother GANA dxdc05 Bcogryov ua obx $85 Ho. Seogrpou abeAgG, daferoa ra oKESN ora yl 18 ic Boudis Yrioroya vouifeoba tone spn & dy Bovcineda. éxéRevov wv 0 epyes opdceie Orogru,Ebepyac BE “Bheyev.xapahapv obv piprupa ic heinous, péumy abv wooo ef 08, époneres Spot drccntvaro BSepyoc Se wow obK cin A i Xp 1evagoby GdAodeY 05 oixetGeSionnin, nal Bw ompEeny Rapa ei Apis: 0 Gram 60 1¢+ subjunctive or optative ndeay whenever Siodetee call on anyone who happens to be present “That was why Aristarkhos brought witnesses when be asked whether Euergos shared the property with Theophemos. Had Euergos done so, Aristarkhos could have tried t0 seize some of it against the missing shi (World of Athens, 647) Section Sixteen A-H: Official 2: ships, state and individuals 199 Aristarkhos demands the gear from Theophemos. In World of Athens: self-help in law 6.42, x6 pa 2 thy Bay, pduny Bnav ein, dmonpiveca 5 v8pwonog Se ‘obx Evbov, Brov Gv vOv ye twyxdvy div! KacahaBiy obv adtdv Evbov ox Svea, éxEAEvov Thy ayBpumow sv bnaxodoxoay pereABevabedv nov dv eoyxsvor di 8 epuevetean eben, ueteRBosons arb A fveptbxoo,dxfeooy aby td Bukypatua xu oxeviy xai tSeixvuov v6 iprigiaua tic BouAfig, 8 éxéAeu€ ue xopileoban ce oxein, 5 ‘prep 6 Sovalum. na yp obey ubvos aba; Emp, AAT eat HAOI vo pinpdenw,drére i, oxen yt Snobibo GAN Exe eelxOy w Yrgrone deve val men x8 Huéypaua, 6 Cesonuos u. npiv ody GAO ti rorfjoat, ExéAevov tov noiBa KaAgoat tobs ex tig a 80, va paiprop6; wot sie tiv heBévewv.radgoaveac8é 10 oi nbd, el xapbvcay wxpCU pow Gv dx a08 xn BEV tEhewoy neh 1 awohovbe pds Bouhy. el wh pret Speer edn, 1 8 uh, Eheyow Bet Anosimy Eup kare ero voy Vocabulary for Section Sixteen E ‘Grammar for 16E 1© Indefinite causes in secondary sequence ‘Vocabulary 10 be learnt Betws Beto) stow Witnesses (i) Aistarcnos took only 2 slave official with him (16D 1.9: presumably one from the dockyard’ board - the ‘boy’ of 16E I heophemos" house, When ‘Theophemos still refused to deliver the ship’s gear, Aristarkhos needed someone to witness his efforts to seize Theophemos" property in reparation (16F). This it vital. As Isaios went fon ‘When evidence is needed in court, we have to bring as witnesses persons who vere actually present, whoever they are.” Note that Arstarkhos will ascertain that Theophemos had no wife (I6F, 15): it was not ‘done’ for non-family males to intrude uninvited (cont 35’ behaviour at 7A).lonévai, ExenSouny Sob yeyaunKtic ei, eicrSvrog Be you, nae nig x8 or6us 8 ‘@eénpog xal Ey, Emaprupdqevos cob nepdvedc, wuvauny. nexbiobv vk Evexupa éhfig@n xd Ceogpriuov, xxl ovvexSney é sv Bookiy fa Betas rig mAnyic a efron néve"& menovOOC : ‘th oxen of néAei #1 Sé Bouht, Ayavaxcrfodca dy ols énendvOn, Ka (Sodom dbs ioee{uny nd Oeogryou, #RovReco abrdv GAGvaL Kal Zyuwwdfivat. Exehedobny ody nd vig oud eloayyERhew adrdy dg AStrob ven xa BenASoves fhyfaazo yap # Bouhi bBpro8iiven ox éu AX gout Kat rb BAuov va yep ier # Bout yevonvns toivwy tis rk OBpisBefoav xa tS unévea sag neveaKoaians Bpaxut Cri Emaencg €yedyny xa sovexSproa nEveE Ke Vocabulary for Section Sixteen F ‘Grammar for 16F © The perfect optative ‘© &Xoxoyan "lam captured’ nuns fie, moderate yazptip-opancallas Aoxoue) euivoyat defend oneself vey open (pert a. evégup-o, 16 secur. pledge névec five nenéven had suffered (ndoxe) RETA rexovOig had suffered” an, Section Sixteen A-H: Offi Boude Avistarkhos Erueun BA x ember of council w explains how the tables were tice: ships, sate and individuals 201 asks fo ied on pt0g £yévou nepl bv énenonfuet 6 Ge6onog, crap. AAAS 05 mabSyedanepnacoOvEes myo Yop yeretah yay whéow epmratico, eno} Ay éopiaynavace eo} raviueBa ody, 205 dv ec Vocabulary for Section Sixteen G doBevelas ovhAévw Euavrsy. ef cot Boxet. neviiuea obv xateviioxiaraRiyeta |S (Grammar for 166 © ‘ussive subjunctive © fas &v until Syms by hid, ta202 __Par Five: Athenian views of justice Section Sirteen A-H: Off e:ships, state and individuals 203 AP, bveT omy éovi xa veda érprov wal na xadGeaB, ddv BouRdueBa. 10 Vocabulary for Section Sixteen H Exetoe obv touev, Wa xaZous0a dvanavbuevo%. all. podyoic dv. vi iv’ “Haw, xa ye f xarayuyi. vov bv Bedpo depucdyevor e Grammar for 164 vest av cere Me . © poBooya p+ optatve by 1 perk radu; MOG pbs oxet rexuanpoyévy ef of 30 Bunyoouevos, ei tf oe Keahber di yor BoxG KaBekewv oe évedse feng BV las nave, AP, AAR lip! oBSEV Tye Kushéer pe Blatehetv Brefiovta tov ASyov, Eg eV ‘exOA raven. éxove ody, tva oaxpéorepov ya. » OT evr (gen) sted of {acho Gan ae Biderya Be X ed, epson a4 wiv feof Zeus) Vocabulary tobe learnt 0548 lack of spirit. wearer place, spt(la)—eepresin (1) In World of Athens: slave-evidence 6.48; banking 2.23, 5.60, 63. jaayyehiav, AAAK toBtO, gusty, H px! xOB Kano. 6 (2 pha évBvpospevos Tiy Karabixny Kal mwpetoBar pion Eu épkar tGv many tov ent vernon sotvoy yh bv yp Sedipnuog, a fi dtipg. 2yd 8 fatyatov, 0d poBodyevog uh xe u09 of Bixasrat : fusoca yap hyoouny EeheyxOroeo Oxdgnpog, pevdeis s E apaoysevos udpropas, ESepyow rb ve dBchop ni ovkov bv knBestty i oi UnooySuevos napaBiicety 0 os mov tic Ent xf] Boa éocnvlag Q ob nexoinre,kennenoe tabs Brod, of bndp Crop uov énetsBreay sy Wiigov BéoBau, 2ycb obv obtw ZrnewBeig, ob moRAaTgHhuepang Borepov npooEAOdv coef exéhevov éxi chy tpiretav dxohoudod vee KoyteeGar wy xarabixny.8 8E 10 edonios, &vel oo naraBlieny dntohaBeiv, AABEV Exi td xwpiov yoo.Part Five: Athenian views of justice Section Seventeen, A-E: Private justice: trouble down at the farm Introduction ee Te A TEER Section Seventeen A-E: Private justice: rouble down atthe farm 205 Theophemos 6 obv Gedgnuos obx pvp tapxon Okbv pow rd mpSBara hapve, nevernovea waar otpanéjtva dx6 700 romévos, piv obv we eidévac we yeyevnuéva, AauBaverar nd Geogruou ob pvow th xpé ara GAAG xa neve Te du6RouBa ef rosy Kal 6 aig Sidnovos, dxopépov SSpiav yaAxhv, mapa @iov pia gee Vocabulary for Section Seventeen A © Zug + optative ‘until such time as! © Goin oy (nous), 6 shepherd (a) olyv-n flock of sheep (Ia)206 __Part Five: Athenian views of justice Section Seventeen AE: Private justice: trouble down at the ferm by xfov gépovoaw. Wbeon BE tic Oba, nai, Ecq6pnony névea ri onebn, doa Ett xShouré yor vy, Eeoxey A yoUr You fOr z1¢ Eh yvevouevn uw &puoecix EV ch UF spurte, vOpunoc ebvous xa moth ai EAevBépa dpensévn (AqrKe yep eocity é nactip 6 bus, ene BE getty EAevbspt nd ¥0 rap FoD Eyed, oovenaev dev5p.ixobavéve0, bt 00 dbp, ic abr ypc fv na obSeig Expepev ExaviABev dg Eu, Qvayxatov obv fy yor rpfpery acy, sledny yevouévny’) apiotévewv 8 adsGv 2v vA af, éppGvea obo xa wacaAayPdvovory abi Kai ijonafov waxed. wy BE oxcvdy Or abrav dpnalouéva, ai EAAat Bepdmavan (EV ‘yp th nSpyip Hoa, oBrep Biarccrvea), cc Hkovouy xpar/ic nai Porc, obK EnéoxoV uss eiaé Gorey Exeivor &AAA whelount tov mipyov piv airods SpyuEoBar. 10 imenstega-ovecenny ny shtig Brapesye (6ixpuy.) ger oranda have breakfast Apndg seize, phnder befardos GaGa) break open gprs lead begopéea cary of Fifa se foow ‘Vocabulary tobe learnt txgopetc ovetn Vocabulary for Section Seventeen B 3 Bln, Be uni” ne see dxayopebs free pln fda rts) seveove iy ‘rd value, ecko owes 4-6 panel, bank (le) remsiningPs 208 _Past Five: Athenian views of justice EG Katcep cadta heyosons wis yovatnds, of naGovem nplv"ay AéBwot riwy n0AAG, 18 ttn, éreibH eiBev adtod EvBov Sviac, AaBoboa <8 Ko apaneluevoy aii €& ob Emvey, éveriBero eic voy KBAnOv, va uh obto1 AdBotev. Gedepnpos Bé Kai Edepyas, 6 ddehpds avtod, kaciSdveec adtiiy, dpetAovro Kai ovr — 10 uBeoav thy yon core pat wv éyévovto of payioues at of kapRol xO seipGv abrig,droospepopévnc in’ abr xo Ehouevns nal BA uve rev 2 ‘cH rparcihep,dyyoye\n Unb rodtev, nehtby 6 éyévero v5 oxFGos, btw 58 rovnpot Fjoay Sore abx exadoaveo &yxovtec Kai cimrovees tiv ya, npiv névot pv air 1 88 depéhowto 7 opPiov éx £o0 HBArOV abTAK. 3 bv yetrdvwy Bepdnovees ig ve xpauyfic Kai Boric eiBov thy thy bn’ adxav ropBovnévqy. ol wev obv dnd viv ceydv cv éaurdv es, of Be lg tly écépav 658 ENO6v Tes Ka iB6veEs eo ‘Aységihov napséve, Exéhevov abby rapayevéodat. xpoaehBaov 8 6 AyvEgLhOG, poowdnBeisbxd ro AvBeplwvog, 8 Ex! pot yet eg ue thy ofxlay ob » thoxedn dyovto, Eki yerrévav ng, draverions ¢ Bra (rab) dispose Bisa drag Sepéna (Bepaove) & servant Ga) apg, 8 wrist 2a) bosom, lap (2a) shout, ery (a) wee, Grayopedo (exer) forbid apt, 9 bank table (12) soyfio,r6 cup (26) Section Seventeen A-E: Private justice: trouble down atthe farm 209 Ariston nr second swoop In World of Ai av yerov, (ob yap égusuny va xa et ype wcyovanégtd 5s ei tof pot egy RO ig Taga yoyo thon SrarpiBac eunoniv nat gon BobheoBat xxi abnds napahapely wéprupag. 38° Vocabulary for Section Seventeen C Grammar for 17C 4#) Gove clauses so as to, so that’ + indicative and infinitive © Numerals Ana fom lap. 6 doctor (23) vyxént-s beat up (Bor: pass va. nORAK Aya curse covvexéany) Bapapep-ona begeamesty —wehewenty opp very much Bear rivBovet-w beindanger rune exceedingly uvidny oe of Sivan Sexe youd engender, cause tev at dawn210 BUepyos roc bg rg Bu 8 aff Spotav abr PABeY ec py roy war mpotepale dv ed eOpye Av ual obx Eruxev Eo iy xpetav. éxBuAdv BE mhy Bipay 6 Edepyog (Fvmep porepalgé€éfoho), xeré nov Aap wk oxen, Sx, éncivoveds you v5 dpydptov 19 Ceowriup, xiAingrpranociag Bex 15 6 SfoRouc, noAAdy napéveov wuoeipar, x axpopésa cary off reragép-o cay down rexeqvdyin aor puss. of pOrEpaTOg ov previo. oF ‘previous dy Grave monuments Grave reliefs were made in their thousands forthe great cemeteries of Athens Imposing funerary enclosures doming several ofthe roads into Athens, the road from the sanetwary to the setlement and fort at Rhamaous, and no doubs elsewhere, Although many reliefs are conservat tendency over time for the more el ‘and larger groups of figures... In Worle of Athens: exegetai 3.33; purification 3.33; famil obvi ye notety &b"AnoNASBupe a no peedBan, Ene gopuevwy yey ety oxevd, zig BE youd rept Wuxtc KivBovevasang éxcereiouévng BE eg MaTaBian EAN ody, ef "uit Eo, éxeyyetne toy Gedeonyow Gepanesery thy &vepeaToV f Botha. tbh ox Book Seog a5 20 abv abrixa wey Opyio8ny, mpd 8 FALOv iGciny 8m xountéoy nepi rostU, 1x6 ze dpundiivan abrots cig 78 xwpiov loxuverjvat ch 5 xoyfou vera, Bry cy etvoray vig éBpcinou ‘ouiov teheveiete. dnosoavres 5€ you of &aynrai tabta, rébe napfveoav’"EnerbA adtds HEV of napeyévov,f 8 you'r nai xd nenBia, ARO BE 001 pdprvpes obx Edguy, eBdaBriGne wa epoayopedng unSevi Bvouaor, ynBE nods tov Buoihén Btanv @dvov 15 Ads: 08 yp Eoew ev" yeveror A dvEpuros, ode Bepawva, Ed ab Eyer GAN - i ois dpoowwoduevos, ic pfora riy cuupoody pepe, AKAN nm Bode, Wp. Vocabulary for Section Seventeen D (Grammar for 170 © Aorist passive imperatives © Root aoris imperatives ‘© Middle verbs which take passive forms in the aorist sloxuv9iva tlgvopn| Ng im some other way yoo oye remember - Svouseri by name Speen tor: of Bppeioues mapawéw alvise ia BAR0 iF nating else osu) in any wayfifore most easily (up. a. of #8500) ine ar once eehevedea die rayythhe Grayvee) ‘ofp (vey) bear, endure onder (pov, 8 murder (2a) Bis yesterday All, ae. Al ae, Part Five: Athenian views of justice ppfOneav aoe. of Spuousn ‘Vocabulary tobe learnt Apolledoros agrees to help Aristarkhos ix any way he cam, friends and enemies 4.24, 14-16; climate 25-6. 0 oopxpodvucipat cot eReww cvyxpo8vpetadar oi ExOp0bs, care Be we pdRiora ap1x0b ofabe Kal uh EAAws rowjons, va Bovhevodiueda rept rod Neyer AnoAASBpe, xa SyoRoyS dig ob nownréov 15 ay wer cod couBouhebauan, iw obV rapt o8 aSprov, BV Beg 82h . patcayey tata. lapev obv. Section Seventeen A-E: Private justice: trouble down at the ferm_—_—_2!3 Vocabulary for Section Seventeen E Ma otherwise ‘uovhed-ouat discuss with Vocabulary to hele dve-0¢-09 Foolish (dan) Aug others sre Bovis paces ‘ooumpotiu owes share vbneos ov fotah Bovey diss ake advice vpeoudedone (a) soyrpaoyéoun sare enthuse.)24 art Five: Athenian views of justice Section Eighteen A-E: How Zeus gave justice to men Introduction Whether Aristarkhos was t and half a dozen of the other) could be a slow, messy and unss of claims and cou and enforce the verdict, and unsatisfactory because process made dikasts liable to be swayed by purely emotional or personal appeals. Nevertheless, there is no denying that iensely personal concera for a Greek (Far more, batteries of solicitors, policemen, ba regarded the laws, by means of which and soul of the indeed, Greek as the absolute heart nde the laws by their zens could be wisdom of the pas background of [a Greek ‘The following passage is taken from Plato's dialogue Profagoras. Socrates has asked Protagoras, the great sophi ker, whether itis possible to teach people to be good citizens, a skill that Protagoras himself claimed to teach. Socrates suggests that itis not, for experts are called to advise on subjects chat nets, elects co answer with 2 the creation of the wor ‘& Mpountedg Section Eighteen A-E: How Zeus gave justice to men ais the implanta man of Btn and aibiog (ie. a sense of right and 2 moral ‘awareness of others and of their response to one’s actions). In World is 8.32, 9.7; sophists and civilisation 8.29; myth 3.7-12; speculation 87-8. Note ‘This text (Plato, Proragoras 320D-323A) is unadapted. by CCW Taylor, Plato Protagoras216 _ Pare Five: Athenian views of justice fv yép note xpdvec Bee Geol wv lav, Ove 88 yévn obx iv. éneiSi BE ai rosrONG p60, RABE eipapuévos yevéoesx, turoGo ade Beoi yc EvEov,£x yg Kal supa yelgavees wat vy Boa nop xat fi nepivwucm. énerbi 8 Bye abcd po ‘ in Bovepers BiBads quo EdAny co" adtoic Eungavaro diva y oqinpdereiFumeye, reqvev gvyty Hl xavdyeiov olkaw Evepev'& B€ nde peyddet, te abrs ack EowiZe xxl cde obtas éxaviosin Eveue. cadre Eunxavaco, 0 cGAdfenav Ey pi 1 eves diota8ein. Vocabulary and notes for Section Eighteen A In Grammar for 18A-E ‘© Deliberatives in secondary sequence (© e+ participle ‘as one who! © Duals Notes 1. xp6vos: to be taken with yevéoeu. 2. yg Evbovs take together. The idea that humans were originally born from the cearth was common, 2. €x: to be taken with yi ai mpi. that ev otagore of earth and fire, 4. Mpoundet kai "EmyunBet: Pro-metheus means ‘Fore-sight’, Epi-metheus ‘After- ‘become apparent, Epimetheus forgets all about man. ‘iy ("those things’), There was a ing was made up of four elements have thought that air and water sc of them which’ (ob. of fiumtaxe) in the main clause, understand he... @ BE nOke (9-10) works in the same way, and is picked up by ad rors destoy unieyw suround. cote Gerl-e¢-ov unarmed Yeeabulary tobe learnt debe “63-05, t6 sped (3c) The evolution of man ‘Considerable interest was taken in the origins of human society. A sort of evolu- ists, against which Plato and Socrates reacted strongly. (World of Arhens, 8.29) Proiagoras explained his view of the development of civilization in a 60s that he had invented forthe purpose. But as the tragedians” highly flexible treatment of in mea, it was up to jnat those imperatives actually meant in practice, Greek gods were not generally fel to impose commandments or moral guidelines on men.2 8 __Part Five: Athenian views of justice Further antributes are di ed, eXpdperay Epnyavitre &ycpiewvic abed xuxvatg te Op ikavors pv Gyoven yerpiova, Sovaroty 6é xai spa, re Kai aicopuic Exdora ev brag, B& Bépuar orepeotg nai évaiuors, robvteOBev tpopac BAADIG HAAG, endte, wie wEv ex vic Bowdvny. kor &F BevBpw0v KapROds, tore BE fac Bor! Bolg Suey elvas rpogiy (our GARav Bopav vai roe uev Okryoy 201 5 dvahtoxouévors dnd roUrwv nokuyoviay, owtnplav 16 yever noptGav. Vocabulary for Section Eighteen B uv keep off, withstand auguévve des, clothe rept 4 $y hard oxpuuv f bedding (la) ‘obvee08ev=t éveeDBEV next pope food (La) dys serve 4 be opi provide, afer poodati give, artach 10 Vocabulary to belearnt ube keep of withtand RS -s1odiswibute. ce 6H 05v ob névo 11 copie civ 8 "EmtunDed EhaGey adtby KaravaAdoas eg Bova cig wh dhayer Aosndv 5 éndoynsov Ee abe yw évOpGney EVO, veal nde 8 vi“ xpfoarco, cmopodve Babes. exert Mpounde émaneSuevos ni voury, nal 6 cud a Coa dyed! naw "yovea, cov 88 AvOpOROV yo)ndy kal dvoRéBinrov eal derpurtv kal Kovhov" ibn BE é tiuépe napiiv, év éBet ai &vBpwonov é&révar ex vis is wi, dcopia obv axspievos, 8 pounded viva aurmpiay wp dvepciny edo, Ener paCoTou nat AGnYg ni Evrexvev aogiay aby nupt— aytyavov yp fy éveu mop abriy xen x f xpnoiuny yevécbas~ xa ob 8 pete avin. hv uty aby epi tov Prov ‘copia dvOpwonoc raity doxev, ch 88 xohrruchy obx exe yp napa eG Att 10 Vocabulary for Section Eighteen C Bupé-o bestow, give a8 gift uapudv-og- ev alloted, ‘appoint uve fy be wel off for (gen) Evcqyv0g 09 aristio ‘8x yponto what he should An alternative Prometheus story Protegoras describes how Prometheus brought the blessings of fire © men and was later punished for it by Zeus (p. 220, ). But according to the early poet Hesiod (c. 680 BO ished men — by giving them woman. ‘And when he had made this love as the price of fire, he led her to a place where gods and men were 1dshe showed her delight atthe finery which Athene had given her, And immortal gods and mortal men were amazed when they saw how deep was the trap from which there was no escape for men. For from her the whole female sex is descended, a great curse to mortal men with whom no help in accursed poverty but ready enough to share wealth’. Bei Protagoras, this feature of the myth was omitted. (Cf. Wor220 _Part Five: Athenian views of justice Section Eighteen A-E: How Zeus gave justice to men a ‘SE mpountet cic uév chy énpénohw iy rob aids ofknow odxést Evextipe eiaeABeI = 1pd¢ BE 13g puAaKal poBepat foay ~elc BE x8 vic ‘ADrva nal 'Hepatarou olen tb novdy, ev @ éprRoreyveieny,AaBAiyciagpyert, wel xAE pag THY TE Envpov réxyny th z00'Hpaterou ka ty éAAny iy Te AONE BTBwLY dvOpcbnwp, nat x robrov ebnopia yev dvOpdine tod Biow yiyvera, Mpoundén SE 8! 15, "Emipndee Gacepov, rep Aéyerat, wAontic Blxny weriABev. {Srvc presumably spinning, weaving, ol osely associated with Athene. 16, khong: presumably this refers to the punishment that was visited by Zeus on Prometheus for helping man: he was nailed to a cliff and a vule ture daily pecked out his liver, which re-grew overnight. ny hathene expres, 2eopal 1d Bhoye brace beasts kufaa-oc-ov impracticable, Cex spend ily oho ee ocexveleny the woof them practised tel skills hoyos ov speechless, without finepas reason Kontos, 5 Hepsi pigs ov impossible (od offre} mores sent sent, vant ety 6a) n form co énen5i 526 Give peor Bela ueré cvyyéverryZiuav uévov Beads év6u éyeApara Bed: Ererea geoviy Kal dvépacaagh BinpOpcoaz0 ef tExvN Kt cine x od Kalo Beoeg wal expt Kal nx ig rpopG npr. ote Bi napeoxevaouevor xar dod kvOpunoncovy oropabny, née 88 5 ai env dihhove ob xd xv Spy Bx maven andy de viorepn yy GAR Aous Ste obk Exovees thy nokiteKiy texvmy, Gove nAy 10 oxeBaviuevor Biegelpovro. Vocabulary for Section Eighteen D 2. ovpyévetav: ‘man now postessed 3. dav it was because of his words 9. fic és (dot: one elemenvaspect of communal life in the nOht; was the ability t0 fight a successful wat, 10, dapoitetev: note the opttive (300) that man was able invent speech and “eye (yoyo), 6 image, Vocabulary tobe learnt iyadye (&yoRuae), <8 image, ‘aveegin every respect -Rapaonevacyves pet. pa. pss. of napacnenitis v8e{¢ dg nsuticiny,eoking Jnwgepé undertake, sto cuyyéveta fins)222 _Patt Five: Athenian views of justice re all given a share of those m “néepav tga req vv Byav tarp rod Ret eave nao AAO e186 ode 00 ev dees yerex6vt 08 Yi ENAw tev" ka vopov ye 8 map eda weve dg wooo Bus! ob Bt, veal AGrvaor, Sav wév nepl dpecii seco Abyos Fi BANG twvdg EnproupyL ox Extic dy sv 6Ayov evpBounetn, 2a Epi nbs oreo | FS aT Section Eighteen A-E: How Zous gave justice to men 2 Vocabulary for Section Eighteen E e.g, doctors) who could use it forthe benefit ofall. ‘everyone else, including rept take ater Adyoc with &peric.. and [éperiig) EAANG...« ‘raw BE: “but when’. ‘vm: see vocabulary: the subject is fv (=ovpoukty). postixov: acc, absolute (296 respect npoctv ing soppiourf. disc xo putup with (Agen) (la) Sei60 Gao) fear ovayay-8¢ 6 uniting, Seaydy b bond Bqproupyeds 6 technical Syutuey:| patos i vg EG Part Six Gods, fate and man Introduction the story of Adrastos, is takea from Herodotus. ough assiduous ed to the Greeks and had adopted was legendary cf. 'asrich as Croesus"). The tale you are about ¢ most powerful and tragic the saga of Croesu ie of Sardis by the Persians, ‘years (550-490) they had the whole of Asia Minor, absorbed the empire of the Medes, Babylonia, Bey and were threatening mainland Greece, Greek dialect Greece is a mountainous country, and communi could be a dificu between one néatg and map) and perhaps the most important lect of Athens and Attica which you have been ies by Herodotus (Part Soc God, fate and man sane Section Nineteen A-F: The story of Adrastos 21 Homer, though Homer’s language is a mixture of a great number of dialects, ‘and provenances. In the course of reading the story of Adrastos, you fairly few and easy res of lonic dialect summarised for you i ‘unadapted, as the est of the reading in this Course will be from now ‘on. The linking device is now used to indicate word.groups which might be difficult to spot. These are no longer necessarily glossed under the frst word of ‘the group in the vocabulary. Source Herodotus Histories 134-45 ‘A good modem edition of Herodotus Herodotus Book I (Bryn Mawr 19 commentary — useful in English is awaited. GA Sheets, Time to be taken ‘Three weeks, Section Nineteen A-F: The’story of Adrastos Introduction Solon lated from Herodotus Histories 1.29-33) the treasury in admired everything as best he could, Croesus asked him, “Guest frequently been old of your wisdom and ofthe sight-seeing joumeys you have all over the work to foster it, Now then, unable to resist ‘seen anyone who isthe happi ‘enemy and died ‘hey held him by ‘This tale of and he asked who (o take a least second prize. ‘on the spot where h ns (HONE ve el spiest man Solon hadPatt Six: God, fate and man Section Nineteen A-F:The story of Adeastos 229 ‘witnessed by the whole assembly. An! the yy much beter it is ode than the boys on their stength th joy at what they had don excellence (ipfotuy yevopeva). So Solon gave the second of Hera and prayed thatthe goddess would give her sons, Ce and the mother on her children, their mot we and what everyone was saying about ‘My experience i the y love of upheaval (rapa) ~ and do 1 and experience from hand to mouth, possession of every EE It was out ofthe question tht these sentiments could bring any pl 0 he dismissed Solon as a man of ao account, firmly sisregard present prosperity and suggest one should ook re to Croesus, only 2 foo! could (he Greok text takes the story on from here)230 __ Part Six: God, fate and man Exdtoe dwordy elvan dvOpdmeoy éntvtwny BABustaoy. bth 8 veipog, 5c acy dAndeiny Eparve zy uedASvrv yevéeBar xexcv xa Tov Kae. Ffoay 8% te Kpofow Bio naibeg, xv ofrepoc uev BiE@Dapco, [iv ve Bi Kenpic) d 8B Gv AA wang rf nv npnoy oBvoua BE oly "AruG.cabrov SEY s oie ab pen Save Bkeuov dveparay, fx sv dvBpedvuy Bxeoy oi rpepduevoy v6 naubi Zunéon. 6, &¢ tbs Badong cvvevnoe, UH 1 Vocabulary for Section Nineteen A ‘© Herodotus dialect 3 Accusative of respect + ob gnu say that nt, deny Notes 2,3,5,11. ol: see vocabulary. ol in this usage is an enclitc, Note its effect on the accent ofthe preceding words. 5. acpi: by fa. 5 “acug: the name recalls ry, ‘delusion, punishment, woe! 5 iby: see vocabulary. Distinguish from dy. 6 ‘nohéer: Croesus is the subject; remember that dm6AAvps can mean “Tose’ and ‘destroy’ 8 86ea.... ptv (Atys) isthe object of EEéneyne. 9 olan: see vocabulary. Sear ly E Ie fe Section Nineteen A-F: The story of Adrastos 2 orparnyinu lad as commanded) (+ gen) bap (to) nowhere olvopa=tvous obrepoc=d Erp, ‘Tragic vision ‘This magnificent story could well have been used by Aristotle in his Poetics 0 that ‘plot hheatt of tragedy ~ by which he means, the structure or design of the patter of events thet shape it. It must contain a change of circumstances, from good fortune to bad, The sequence of events must be ‘probable or necessary" and the events must arise naturally one from the other, something universal about human experience. Further, ‘and feclings of under the whole story. [On 1996]. In Poetics, AriIn World of Athens: purification 3.33; nomos 8.32; atinia 4.12. Byovt05 SE of dy xepoi cob mabe xbv yduoy, dmvdenan 8s tag Api dvi oONGOPAL Sybuevos xa od xaBapé ypc, ov @POE ev yevehyEvEOC 8 r06 Bn) RapeAEidy BE obx0g £ ct Kpofoov ol (vg KaDapof0v oc st ExdOqpe. Zam BE napanna Bagong coi See nian Eves oe vcdnipby hyn arene “h BosAed, Topbicw wev rod Mibets a 88 “ABpnotoc, povetoas Be ABehgedv Eueworod Aéxco dpe oepnpévac rdveuv! Kpoto0s BE pv deiBeco ro ixyvos ti, wl ena phous fvEadunxavoes xoryera oer by fuezépou. coppopiy 88 redeny i xovpSrara pepe nepBavéeis nAcTorov! Vocabulary for Section Nineteen B Notes 1. Bxoven . 2. veo ge 6. x6dev tc pvying: 8. "ABpnatog: the name hi at & + Bode, “unable to an/escape! vepBuiva prot ft wepSavée) wéBev= rey Abedgeév = dbeAgév “ipnor-og, 6 Adkasos (2a) yeworad = fpauroa 2 hyerdpoo in our hove (Unable wo escape!) féxwv= Bxav deiB-oyer answer, 06a where Gelaive) Efehave dive ont (pert. par. be Helateneves non ; when vouiG-oua be accustomed tt jeu receive parake of —_-_-voy’uevarthe customary otk, 1 palace (2) ‘xsey= Gnd fom whare ¥ ye yous (gens. of arepéwo derive of (+ gen) (ert part pass. dorepmuv-o5 1-00) Section Nineteen A-F: The story of Adrastos 233 cunpopi = ounpop upon avon toon = rag Vocabulary 1 e lear roe Gore 2) News is brought of a wild boar which isc beg Croesus to send an expe py Daelpenne, rods Bt ol Moool Earby EABGY EE ob8éu, Erooxou 8 xpbgabr08. rhs 5, disp. nap rBv Koo EyehorBdeyov vébe.‘& Paothes, b8¢"yorina”pEyivov dveqpivn fl , py Bap bepe, o0eov xpoduyedyevr ev ob Buvdytba vby Sv npoobed yee cev by Bag venvlag nal nv oop ft, dx” yay Aauev x ev 84 robriv eBéovto, Kpoiaos Se, yvmpovedov x00 éveipou ek Enea, Bey opt ree "rab wey népt 100 €L00, uh urmoBFze er ob yp Av Oty Vocabulary for Section Nineteen C Notes 7. avy: infinitive after npoofespeBa (6). Saget vga pea poobé-cya bee x (gen. for Y 886 xb weyaueyoroy hugs monster of bose Syeoiv {gv uj) 50 tat, in onder that2 Part Six: God, fate and man Sete ydp dows nal radu ol vv péher, Avdiy wévtor AoyéBag xa — 10 1, Ka BlaxeAeSeopsa tora ioven efvat (ic mpoOoyorétorot uveEehetv duly tb Bnpiov x fig xwpn! a0 duetpaco. copy npatiyposievor venving= weave ph m.of dy (pan. of Exo.) omar. us' on begs to be allowed to join the expedition. ‘In World of Athens: public eye 4.5~7; envy 4.9-1; persuasion and psychology 8.56ff éoxpewpdvov 82 colon iv Muay, éxeaépyer 6 x00 Kpoteoy nag dunk, iv £5éovt0 of Mucot. ob gpaytvou 88 to0 Kpofaou tév ye naib oop avy 1éyer npdg abby 8 venving ibe 'G nécep, cir ndAAuoca npStepsy Kote ne ‘yevvadave i i & te oAguoug nat & Hypag gortéoveas edBonEer, vO Be aupocépav we robtav dorian Ete, oe cvk Berk pos nap Bye ota ue xp Sue te dyopiy ea Ew elvan, notes BE nc ef veoysuep Be Excivn 88ge dvBpl ovvouréew; Ee o¥ wees ie Dipmy, by dvérecov Bus yor duet dor ada obo ntebueva! duet Kpot00« toiaibe‘d nat, obte Berkiny ode Ako obbEy yap napiBdy tox Moree 10 ‘tabea, AME por Sipic dvelpou, év 16 Grrnp émordon, Hgn o€ SAtyoxpSviov Eoestar ‘nd yp agurg nBnpéns dncohéeoOan, rods Gv cy Suv cay, roy xe ydUoy xO. soSrov doneva, kai éni ri napatAauBaveueve ote émonéumus, pudcniy Ea, et ass Bvvaipny En eg ufc 0 én Sawchéat. ek yap wor yobvos cuyseeverg doy rai’ rev yap 4 Exepov BregBappévov civ éxoiy obx elvar pot Aoyitope 6 venving yyy pv, & xévep, co, iB6ve1 ye Sav toraSeny, ne ‘gudaxiy Exe w 5¢ ob yavaverc, AAG AZANBE ce 7 Sveipov, Eu <0 8 ‘gpd{ewv. grg 701 v5 veipov Om dbus oxSnpeng pv éue rehevciiew” Section Nineteen AcF: The story of Adrastos 235, Vocabulary for Section Nineteen D Notes 4+ ace. and in. byes: take together nodvegep5vag vebyaueec-0v nemty wee Brgetinag ehayoxg6v- ov shortsved Supe (up), rbeye 9) Bvep-ov <6 de 8y. apahapBiv- undertake vaca fly fv: “Tc was the best and noblest be seenslooked at’ after ye xpi. Atys is worried about ohufrporroNraig catinpé-0¢-n ov metal, iron ‘quhany Bw take eae236 Par Six: God, fate and man 19, tv: see vocabulary. 20. ete see vocabulary. Gyp-n, iho og (ove), 8 task 3a) chse=Foixe resemble, be ike (dst) ps (+ 20) witha mind Section Nineteen A-F: The story of Adrastos aueiBera 8 "ABprotog ‘cb Pooled, &ARuac wey Eywye dv oir ic & GeBhov rordvbe: Vocabulary for Section Nineteen E Notes 2. ov: elative, picking up cvyop 5. gohexa 5. 6puioyévoo: wi ‘€ ... YevéoBan: object after xpniea. a5 poo besides yen, sength (tad Urpral be, be sufcient sab. of gavoun)

Enc be absent [16D] perience in (+ gen) [13] 8, feeedman, freedwoman gen) (108) nFABov sor. of née nud obec by pan of &xépyonaine [123] (an6 + gen. from, aay from [1G] anova (dof) leave, depart (7G] Anofhénw look stead Ainobpay- aor. stem of énorpeyesdoipadss sal, Aicp bat (SF) enohoyfoy make a speech in defence, defend oneself [9B nohoy( A speech in one's defence ( ‘ao aor, stem of ééhavyat ‘rohbeo acquit, release [99] fxbhuahs per. of x6AOan Iam ‘erongurea send away, divorce (13A] fenopéto have notes eropi, lack of provisions, perplexity (1 4 agai, moreover cx speak, say [206] aig agein (20) i courtyard (1s) (7A) ato tomorow [5D] ade bat, then [206] éxoxpéyea(dnoBpa run off (9E] acne at once [17D] show [7B] cxicby ty 6 hit, he, It, them [4D] camry back [17] aed 4 sel (7H) xogeb yo Gagoy-) escape Aexoxupéio go away, depart epaipéayias (eh) take x face. from v (ace) dxoppyeifouar vote agains; reject [13D]; acquit [12D]; claim un off (4C] gen) (4B) digeshSuy oo. of gapécys (211) Scope ouch (gen) [2B] far int ‘rz ity, fasten fix 5B) gShwu igebeves) drag off 4D} Aendineoa aoe. of SAO e- vr.stem af agaiptoyas [12D] raking an inference) ingush claim co (+ gen), revolt, from (+ gen) [3A] BaSiqe walk, go (ot fadio0 Bade deeply EFI aig ete 6 deep [5A] Spas 0 1 ea. m (apo 6 barbarian, frehgner (20) 2C} pos, 8 weg, burden 3) fp ha heavy, weigh 1. ‘ok badly, find har wo bear $C] aod, 6 king [ADI king archon 3) (132) faded be King, bing archon be gues U3} BeBaug (2) ov secure [28] Bhar nov best 8A] yust- ar. stem of yun *yiyvouat(yev-) become, be bor, happen, arse a Fyiyedanes (yvo.) knows, think, resolve [11 yivouet= yiywouan (19C] Yaavxdn (aver). A reyeyed (20C) honda 6 seat (108) ‘pos ov lescimate ‘Wo6 Yuodoe yy (Y¥OVE) aoe. part of vyiyeene [209] judgment, mind, purpose, plan (18) yoo at any ate [10E] vat, knees (2b) (somtimes yosware (3b]) ¥ (gen) [9H] yodipoun indict, charg typdigra propose (a deere) ‘ovr (yovane, A woman, Wit + yeutes (yap) mary [13D] a yuo, 8 mariage (28) [5A] Safhuov aor) vB Bax (aK) bi Binpvov 38 ‘yevévnus per. of yéywopar (1381) ‘yevevruéva, t evens, ccurrences (25) (pet. art, of yiywoua) [6B] _yeyove pet. of yiywoyan (par, yeyows or ‘ey SEI ypeicw (yerov-), 8 neighb tyehde (yedace)lavgh ‘yevwaog & ov noble, fine (15)a fBioya ned eb Bt Boy itbing neces 6 Bepua epi Sagoyh 4 means of escape, Hight ~ — BBéoxah be punished, pay the penalty [131] Donish, exact one's due from yvode engn yy55 nearby Eyelash exSbouer undress [108] éxel there (166) dyn send out, divorce feng0-—90r stem of Cerdamm A total Greek-Englsh Vocabulary of all words to be learnt fxcpéue @xSp049 butial) FI Exped yo (Expoy) escape [9B Uxgpopéio cary off (17C] Expoy- ao, ster of dxgedbyw [92] a ledge 25) [6E) 08a there [15B]; where (19F] Ev8d8e here [9F] ef RoBe per. of Epyouer [148] Behov aor ExBadhun 2vhgBrv aor. pass. of Rayan e56Bry or. pass. eRerdea question clos kenp- ar. stem of 2Eeupio Eu (agen, outside 168) rea seem; cesemble (+det.) (19D) er cobce meanwhile [6A] sv stem of eg one Erayciov (2gen) opposite, in ont of [8C] Soy inside (5D) vey so. stem of ep [4B] o¢pyount (EneioeR6-) ‘recs then, next [A] E as Exxov 20 of coyyive 146) eb well [3B] be alps eBBaypov (ed5any blessed by the gods (8B) {8065 a oace, straightaway [7F]; straight towards gen.) (16A BieASKayos ov with prety cebnopia, abundance, mean sorpemg & seemly, prog ip: aor, stem of ebpicns [7C] bein x fad) rend [6A] pnuév0c n ov perf. par. pass. of tepéw(19B] édv=div being [19B] ipa 3rd. ip. of ph set vit 5 Cot) sanding (per par of26 iygopa Ted (oda ‘8 and (20F) {ier Ss. pst ‘eoov Sr pl paso *8¥ag wit pleasure, a fnétepos ov our fo He iv 8 eyes said 7D] veynov aor. of gépeo ‘etardyny mpl. of éxiaeoy "Hawg, 6 Herakles (uncon) (8C] Spduny ar. of dar Hhet6uny aor, of aiaBivouan al Greek-English Vocebulary ofall words to be learnt Bidayog, é bedchamber 23) ISB) 1 80 run [19F] Bjne(v) Ses, aor Onpfov, 8 be 2cpeda Saonedus flatter [12C} of cepa Lk om Togouy) 3 opty let pl. of ofS [44] fore 2nd ve of oI6x 44, 201] Lp ase aca) stand [ISA] loyupés 5 strong, powerful [1311] Tous perhaps (74) part. ofEpyouaelyn (123) a8 = xed [206] abap (xa aBéornne (pert pa of ve aQedB.a sleep [3D] ‘dq be seated [168] a6iZopa sit down [9C] a8 sic down [9C] of xacehaufves anced, fish (0A)218 __Atotal Greek-English Vocabulary ofall words tobe learnt varapaprupteo give evidence agains (gen ) a3) iv (araoraye-) being placed, pot (231) oF eBfoxayat) (232) (232) (exeaBe-) pur down, pay, peeform earagépe (kareveyse) carry down (17C] araypovéi despise lok down on (+ ge.) (128) veaeeyyuitademend seousities fom (+ ace) 3A} axcdhaov or, oF kaha Ba veo [146] vacéhixoy aor. of kareena vacéoeny [vas pat (or. of kaioeay) veccéorna I put (aor of xaBicrn) ‘eecryopéw prosecute x (gen. on charge of y (ce) (9H xzenyopi, speech forte prosectin (1b) [9H] xearryopac, 6 prosecutor (2a) [2B] vat@aveiy aor, part. of karo yjouts xa aor. stem of xuBopécs [8A] be placed, be made [17B] eIv0g 9 0=ExeT¥05 208] shevoay 3rd pl aor, of weed (no a sedheuae Ie 8 20 of Keli (no sehevacic 6 Boatswain (2d) [3D] vehesw order [3E) vrev= xe [204] vegas head gu (pd ald (3a) [4D] vegSero announce, prociaim (118) vwvBveto be in dang Spl or of eden (n0 augment) bre 2nd pl imper. of Asus "oe hear 15] 016 9 con kou=r0v {19F] on, xdpn, gc, daughter (a) (208) xparée hold sway, power over (+ gen) {48] pian, f judgment, 16F} ‘herdope a ‘ecu Cece, x6 possession veoBepieng, 6 captain, belmsman edptog& ov able, with power, sovereign, by ight (144) xv (ov), 8 dog Ba) [9H] wide prevent, top og = m0, Aap zr stem of AayBévo [SCI ‘hays Cay.) obtain hy lt rm asa candidate for cffe 13C) ‘Siew ays ring suit api a8- aoe. em of aviv [4D], [9A-E} ‘aeebawsdneg 8 Sparen (2a) [3C] AyBavoycs Rad) take hod of (+ em) [8C} *auBéves Cha.) ake, capers [3C} ‘Seyy Rauf punish exaet one's fom torch (34) (3A-B] of x (ee. “ing ; (20) Jaye aor stem of Aayyves [13CT ku 7 ‘Fhéyo (en) speak, say, tell, meat (1G) jose, ind Flt with (+ ace ‘hers (hur) leave, abandon [13C] of havin e-boat (22) 1G] stem of Rapvea Diigour fut of AauBives Bos, 6 stone 2a) (1C) spr (upev.), 6 harbour 3a) (3A-B) Jars aor. stem of Rea Nadya beseecs [20D] Aoyigoun caleulate, reckon, consider [7B] 3 2a) [13] speech, word (3C}, reason, argument (SD) Aor 6 lft, remaining (17 ‘So wash (mid, wash ones Abo release (64) by! @ ace) 4CI u28- aor. stem of pavOve [3C] (20F) bnxéet no looger (9E} vite... pre nether. Mupedpow invoke, pro aap oben ffi, bate “ubxouat (uoxeo-) Ba eyhow gen. s,m. of wag ays eyithin uy (wey) great, big [3C-E} eo, 5 size Be) [20 év95 1 oy alon ‘uévav only, mere ai not only... but also u€0¢6 2nd s. a8. imper. of veBinu (ue8e>) allow, let go (19D] pei pelgov (uegov-) greater (comp. of wéyax) (3B) EAR cove av (yehev) black [9D] )280 ___Atotol Greek English Vocabulary of vat ship (3 ie vas, 6s yep, 8 corpse (2a) [4B] ‘ve (ve vv, & ov young [SB] ved, 25 dockyard [LA-B] iby! ace.) (4A) p06 island (2a) [3A] ‘vepumne = SvBpure indo win, defeat [2B] eH victory, conquest vot plan, devise [200 notice (7B) vou A distribution (15) [18C) ‘vont acknowledge, think x (2c.} tbe ¥ (ace or ace. + inf) [7G] vp Eye have in mind, intend [6A] yo vv [20C] +59 now HG) YEE Ur nigh (a) [34-8] Fetv0¢ = Eév0g SfitS the AA 6 abtde the same [176] (8 BE andibut he (15C] Il words tobe learnt Algo ov sm Shiyuwpoc ev contemptuous [148] ADWARE (aoe GSU) be ki ‘ydvo.,f agreement, harmon; ‘Suu never New 231 vigour grow angry wi 801 4 vision, sight Ge) 1 pcos = Spo, gen. of Spa, x8 88654 butalso at not only 16D} ‘ob in no way, not at all [10] ‘0856 and not, nat even (3C) rrapaucéoyen beg (184)282 A total Greek-Englsh Vocabulary of all words to be learnt ae 283 napaieip ie, be placed beside C+ da.) 17] rnapahaf- ar. stem of napahayBve [121] napadayBave (nopaaB-) ake, recive f 1120) undertake [19D] napaoxcodie prepare ecuip (16C) rapaoxevi preparation, equipping: fore (La) 1c) apc: aor stem of nape [OF] napeyev6uny oof napayiyvou [17B] rripetyn be at hand, be presen (dat) [7B] napéAaBov ar of mapchaniives 146] rapeRB- ao, stem of napépyoyt (LIA -rapépxout(napeA8.) pas. go by come forward [11a] rdpeo its possible for (+ dat.) [39] apex (naan) give to, provide [SE] pyar naps cause trouble pot aint PB] égde end naturally (pert. of gop mast (snp. oF rohG) Réov moce (ad. (comp. of noi) [166] 1G) és ay fall of (+ gen.) {8C) ‘hides, x6 number, crow the people 3c) [4a-B) hi (gen) excepe [9G] Anoiov nearby, (+ gen.) neat [9C) hobo10¢ ov rich, wea ‘Ab wo wash [208] rétey, from where? [3A, SC-D]; no8ey from somewhere [SC-D] x01 to somewhere [SC-D) rat sor? [10E] sohep make wa (1B) oheqind 4 60 oS (ad.) mech (911) towns 6v wicked, wretched (98) poodncin give, sia to (+ dat) (188) ovr0G 6 sea (23) 20F} ‘p0oBpati- ar, stem of spp 5A) opedopa march, journey, g | goaelnov I spoke x (ace) 10 (8e:) oplw provide, ole Poseidon, oof (08 MésetBov ace. Moved) [SC1 8 husband, spose Ge) (EAT rocapoto gens of rocepig 2) thing, deed, iA-B] (ae. gen) in the namefander the preteion of (ede a8) apocyopeia ses sek 00) abi easily [68]cesvrby yours! ‘hun, A m00n ‘gona00 of you (19D] iru) (uo of fort) (232) (6F] cvyyvipn, pardon, forgiven vy 6x0 forgive, pardon 93) svyrsrc beat up, sue (aor pus. een) 7c} oust a uso call evpfovieiouer euuouh, iscesson, recommendation (15) SE} ou 6F) ptt them (dat of oX- aon. stem of ExurFxoy oxe56v near, near oxo, leisure a6 save, keep sate swxpp0osvn,f good sense, moderation 1186) rot-o0t0¢ an -05%0 of this kind, of such a kind (98) soln = 1% (198) hi, dating ( rol dare, be davig, undertake (2D) roaoU0g an ot §0 great [12D] occ then [SA] sod dat. of ofro5 by robeip meant dela, jy bank ‘pan during this [8A] 7B] or stem of

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