I IL, lM. Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND , DESCRIPTION AND DATA MECHANICAL TRAINING Section 1, Disassembly and Assembly . Section 2, How the Carbine Functions Section 3, Operation ............ Section 4, Immediate Action and Stoppages . Section 5, Care and Cleaning ........-.... Table I: Stoppages end Malfunctions Section’, Spare Parts, Appendages and Accessories . Section 7, Ammunition INSPECTION Section 1, General Section 2, Technical Inspection , ‘Table IT: Inspection Guide . Table ITI, Trouble Shooting . REPAIR AND REBUILD Section 1, General Section 2, Rebuild Flow Chart .. ‘ Table IV: Operations Route Sheet... Section 3, Trigger Housing Group; Carbines M1, M1A1 . Section 4, Trigger Housing Group, Carbines M2,M3. . Section 5, Operating Slide Assembly . . Section 6, Bolt Group ......... Section 7, Front Sight Assembly. . Section 8, Rear Sight Assembly . Section 9, Barrel and Receiver Group . Section 10, Stack Group, Carbines M1, M2, M3 Section 11, Stock Group, Carbine MIA1 . Section 12, Magazine Assembly . , FINAL INSPECTION . . ‘Addendum, Targeting Requirements...eer I. Historical Background Although the term carbine is almost as old as shoulder weapons themselves, the concept of a military weapon designed from the start as a carbine is uniquely Twentieth Century, as are the airplane, submarine, missile-armed satellites and neutron bombs. One of the earliest references to the term carbine and its possible origin appeared in 1548. According to that source, the word derived from the short barreled rifles carried by Spanish cavalry groups which were then called ‘Carabins”, If this is true, the term would be appropriate since the carbine has, until just recently, been uniquely a cavalry weapon, While there has been a trend toward shorter barrels on military rifles for the last century and a half or so, the practice of issuing rifles with barrels as long as 30” was quite common even up through World War I, The M1903A3 Springfield, for example, had the shortest barrel of any standatd issue shoulder atm during that conflict, Its 24" tube may be long by today's standards, but it was considerably shorter than the M1891 Mosin-Nagant’s 31.6” or the French Lebel M1886's 31.4". Although called a rifle, the M1886 M93R35 was a true carbine with its 17.7” barrel. However, we can’t help but wonder just how effective it was in combat, since it had only a three round magazine, While it is obvious that every war since the invention of the written language has brought its technological advances, the two World Wars probably brought about more changes for the actual length of time of the conficts than any other wars. Part of the reason for this, of course, is the capabilities for rapid change made possible by the Industrial Revolution. The internal combustion engine made air- planes for observation, and later for bombing, a reality, as well as tanks and motorized transport. Crude, man-powered submarines had been used as early as the Revolutionary War, but when war raced across Europe in the summer of 1914, powered submarines were already in service. Although mule transport and horse cavalry lasted on inte World War II, mechanization had definitely sounded their death knell. Inland, Rock Ola, etc. Almost from its inception, the pistol had been considered a last ditch weapon for cavalry, the primary weapons being the carbine and saber. This practice was still prevalent during the Indian Wars in this country and in the Middle East during World War 1. But as horse cavalry vanished into the dim mists of the past, so did the saber, Mech- anized cavalry were armed with pistols and, in some cases, submachine guns. While some SMGsM1 CARBINE had found their way into the trenches near the end of the “War To End All Wars’, they weren't to become prevalent in warfare until the Spanish ivil War, when their effectiveness in close quarters fighting was firmly established. Interestingly enough, the United States began looking for a weapon to replace the SMG even before it was used in any quantity by U.S. troops. M2 Carbine with folding stack. As early as 1938, the U.S. Army began thinking about a light rifle or carbine as a re- placement for both the Colt N1911A1 and the Thompson SMG, While the recently adopted M1 Garand rifle was far and away the finest battle rifle in the world at that time, it was too heavy and bulky to be used by support troops who would normally not see combat but who were armed “just in case". Previous practice had been to arm such personnel with the Colt .45, a superior weapon for close in work but definitely not a good choice for the average shooter at medium to long ranges, In the late 1930's, the U.S. armed forces had only a limited number of Thompsons in their inventories, so replacing them would hardly prove an awesome burden. As for the Colt .45, well — it had been in service for nearly thirty years, so was undoubtedly obsolete, as military thinking at that time was beginning to view the military pistol in any form as a relic of the past. ‘The initial concept of the new light rifle or carbine was for it to weigh five pounds or less, complete with sling, and have an effective range of 300 yards. It should be semi-auto with capa- bility for full autematic fire, have little noticeable recoil and be chambered for a cartridge similar to Winchester's .32 centerfire which they had de- veloped for their Model 1905 autoloading rifle. In the fall of 1940 the Ordnance Department approached Winchester with their specifications for the new cartridge. Following development work, an order for 150,000 rounds was placed in dune of the following year. A second order for 300,000 rounds followed in August. Winchester was also invited to submit a prototype weapon for testing, but they were deeply involved in Garand production and de. clined. When trials began on June 16, John Garand himself had submitted two designs. Others sub- mitting prototypes included Auto Ordnance (manufacturer of the Thompson), Harrington & Richardson, Hyde, Savage, Springfield Armory and Woodhull. Two weeks later, Winchester was again invited to submit a test sample, and agreed. A mere two weeks later to the day, a very quickly hand assembled sample was submitted to Ord- nance. While not a true indication of what the production gun would be like, this crudely as- sembled sample worked so well that Ordnance felt it offered far more promise than any of the other guns previously tested, The Winchester team went back to work at the drawing board and assembly bench and, after 34 days of working literally day and night, had a finished carbine teady for the September tests at Aberdeen Proving Ground, At the end of the testing period, the board unanimously recommended adoption of the Winchester design, Less than two weeks before the attack on Pearl Harbor, an order for 350,000 M1 Carbines was placed with Winchester, The slide, bolt, sear, magazine catch and trigger housing shown above are necessary for converting the M1 to M2 configuration, but are not con sidered part of the conversion Nat shown, and also necessary for the conversion, is the M2 stock. Tooling up for large scale production is a different story than creating a prototype, however, and the first carbines didn't come off the Win- chester production line until almost three weeksM1 CARBINE after the U.S. Marines had landed on Guadalcanal in August 1942. That particular lot consisted of just 10 carbines, In order to facilitate speedy delivery of the much-needed carbines as American troops were shipped cff to North Africa and the Pacific, production contracts were also awarded to the Inland Manufacturing Division of General Motors, Underwood Eliott Fisher, National Postal Meter, Rock-Ola Manufacturing Corp., Quality Hardware, Standard Products, Saginaw and IBM. Even though Winchester was the only carbine producer that was normally a firearm manufacturer, by the end of 1943 Mis were rolling off the production line at the rate of 500,000 per month. As the tides of war began to turn in favor of the Allies, it became apparent that a select fire carbine as called for in the original specifications was highly desirable, especially in the jungle where the distances at which confrontations occutred could often be measured in feet rather than yards and where the enemy might be visible for only a few seconds, if at all. Some non-military minds in Washington had trouble distinguishing the concept of burst fire from that of sustained fire associated with belt-feds. However, requests for a select fire carbine kept coming in from the field commanders who had to stand and watch their men die due ta the lack of adequate firepower. It is highly unusual for a selective fire weapon to be developed from a semi-auto only design, but in the case of the M2 Carbine that is exactly what happened. The end result was actually two different types of M2 Carbines — the “pure” version which was manufactured as a selective fire weapon from the ground up, and the “hybrid” which had gone into service as a standard semi- auto M1, then been converted to MZ configuration by installing a T17 kit. This kit was designed so that existing Mls could be converted to select fire without being sent back to an arsenal for “major surgery’’. M2 Carbines went into production at the Winchester and Inland plants in May 1945, the same month that Germany surrendered. With the surrender of Japan the following September, the world supposedly retumed to a state of peace, and production of the M1 and M2 Carbines ended. TOTAL PRODUCTION, ALL MODELS Winchester Experimental & Prototype 9 M1 $18,059 M2 17,500 M3 1,108 4 TOTAL 336,680 Inland Manufacturing Division of General Motors Corporation 2,285,000 146,591 199,500 811 5 900 TOTAL 2,626,807 Underwood-E lliott-Fisher M1 546,616 Rock-Ola Company Mi 228,500 Quality Hardware & Machine Corp. M1 359,662 National Postal Meter M1 412,778 Commercial Controls Corp. M1 239 Irvin-Pederson Arms Company M1 146,723 Standard Products Company M1 346,225 Saginaw Steering Gear Division of General Motors Corporation M1 370,490 International Business Machines Corp, M1 346,500 TOTAL 2,757,733M1 CARBINE SERIAL NUMBERS 11 te 999,999 1,000,000 to 1,249,999 1,250,000 to 1,449,999 1,450,000 to 1,549,999 Quality Hardware & Machine 1,550,000 to 1,562,519 Quality Hardware & Machine 1,562,520 to 1,662,519 Rock-Ola 1,662,520 to 1,762,519 IRWIN PEDERSEN (Saginaw, G.R.} 1,762,575 to 1,875,039 Quatity Hardware & Machine 1,875,040 to 1,907,519 Quality Hardware & Machine 1,907 520 to 1,937,519 National Postal Meter 1,937,520 to 1,982,519 Standard Products 1.982,520 to 2,352,519 Underwood 27,352,520 to 2,912,519 27,912,520 to 3,212,519 Irwin Pedersen (Saginaw, G.R.} 2,212,520 to 3,250,019 Saginaw S.G. 0... tte ene 3,250,020 to 3,651,519 3,651,520 to 4,009,999 4,010,000 to 4,074,999 National Postal Meter 4,075,000 to 4,079,999 National Postal Meter 4,080,000 to 4,432,099 Quality Hardware & Machine 4 432,100 to 4,532,099 Rock-Ola 4,532,100 to 4,632 099 Quality Hardware & Machine 4,632,100 to 4,879,525 4,879,526 to 5,549,821 5,549,822 to 5,834,618 Ce ee ee ed tee eee eee eee eee 5,834,619 to 6,071,188 6,071,189 te 6,099,688 6,099,689 to 6,199,688 6,199,689 to 6,219,688 6,219,689 to 6,445,867 6,449 868 to 6,629,883 6,629,884 to 7,234,883 7,234,884 to 7,369,660 7 369,661 to 8,069,660 Commercial Controls Corp. 00.0.0 eee 0001 to 0239 * The reader may note that the assigned serial numbers abowe add up to approxi- mately 2 million more carbines than the 6 million total production discussed in the text. This is not a typographical error, but is the result of spare numbers being assigned within blocks of numbers, some receivers being scrapped after being stamped and their numbers being re-used at a later date, etc. Additionally, major design changes or improvements were often designated by starting with a new Slack of numbers and purposely leaving a gap between the numbers of the first gun of the new model and the last one of the old.M1 CARBINE A total of over 6,000,000 of both models was produced before VJ Day. Less than five years after the Japanese sur- render in Tokyo Bay, war clouds again loomed over Japan when North Korean troops moved south in June of 1950. One need only study a map of the Far East to realize the trepidation that must have filled the minds of American occupation troops in Japan at the outbreak of the Korean War. Within weeks, mothballed fighter aircraft, landing craft, Garands and M1 and M2 Carbines were being refurbished to go to war. For three years the M1 Carbine was to serve American troops in the frozen wastes of Korea, and names like Pork Chop Hill, Inchon and the Yalu River had become as familiar to the American people as Omaha Beach, E| Alamein and Iwo Jima. With the signing of an uneasy truce in July 1953, the Mls and M2s were once more put back into storage. Only a year later, an event took place that was to signal the M1’s retum to the front lines for yet another war. A French Indochinese fort by the name of Dien Bien Phu fell to Communist forces in far off Southeast Asia. However, it doesn't seem so far away today when you think of the present name for the country in which Dien Bien Phu is located — Vietnam, With the end of the 300 year French rule in Indochina, the peninsula was divided into three countries, the largest being Vietnam. One might have thought the French withdrawal would bring peace to Southeast Asia, but such was not the case. Fighting continued between Communist regulars and guerrillas and the forces of the demo- cratic governments of the countries that had been French Indochina. The situation had deteriorated so badly by the early 1960's that American “ad- visors” were sent to help the South Vietnamese. What followed was history, with American troops eventually becoming involved in the longest war in which America ever fought. By the time the Vietnam War officially ended in the early 1970's, over 50,000 American servicemen had payed the ultimate price for freedom. Although some M1 Carbines saw service with American troops in Vietnam, by far the greatest users of the M1 were the Vietnamese themselves. Due to their smaller physical stature, they liked the small, light carbine with the neg- ligible recoil, The M1 Garand had, of course, been replaced by the M14 as the standard service rifle. Although the 7.62mm NATO cartridge of the M14 produced less recoil than the Garand’s .30-06, it was still a bit much for the Vietnamese. They made do with M1 Carbines until the Armalite AR-15 became available in quantity. It was largely upon their recommendation that Gen. William Westmoreland requested AR-15s for the American troops which were dissatisfied with the M14’s performance in the tropics. It should be pointed out, however, that the AR-15 which had endeared itself to the Vietnamese was a select fire weapon that was the forerunner of the M16, and not the semi-auto only civilian AR-15 we know today. a Although once readily available at gun shows, the M2 parts shown above are available as a group now only through Class III dealers sinca the complete kit is classified as a machine gun, even in tha absence of the carbine itself. ll Although the M1 and M2 Carbines are no longer standard issue with any American military unit, a number of them are still in government storage for possible future use. As of Spring 1984, 65,984 M1 and 7,298 M2 Carbines were being held for special contingency and foreign military sales requirements. M1 Carbines are likely to be encountered just about anywhere in the world, either in the hands of guerrillas or small local militia units fighting against them, While the M1 failed to replace either the Colt M1911 Al or the SMG, both of which are still on active duty with U.S. forces, it served its country and her allies well in war and is now a favorite “pickup” gun of ranchers and farmers who want a small, lightweight arm with minimal recoil that is still more powerful than a .22 rimfire. Just how many surplus M1 Carbines have found their way into civilian hands is anyone’s guess, but the fact that Ruger chambered its popular Blackhawk single action revolver for the .30 Carbine cartridge attests to the round’s popularity. Numerous commercial models of the M1 have been produced by various manufacturers since World War II and Iver Johnson currently offers aM1 CARBINE select fire version for police and foreign markets as a gun show or brand new cut of the box from the well as the “standard” version for the U.5. civilian Iceal gun shop, the M1 Carbine should be with us market, Whether as a surplus weapon picked up at for a long time to come,at Il. Description & Data DESCRIPTION The carbines are gas-operated, self-loading, air-cooled shoulder weapons, fed by 15-round or 30-round cartridge magazines. The carbines M1 and M1A1 deliver semi-automatic fire, and the carbines M2 and M3 deliver either semi-automatic or full automatic fire controlled by the operator through the use of a selector. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MODELS a. Tactical Inspection, For information on differences between models which affect troop use, refer to page 44, b. Cal. .30 Carbines M1 and MIAI (Figs. 1 and 2). The only difference between the carbines M1 and M1A1 is the stock. The M1 has a one- piece wooden stock, whereas the MIA1 has a folding metal stock extension and a wooden hand grip. c Cal. .30 Carbines M2 and M3 (Figs. 3 and 3a). The carbine M2 is the same as the M1 exeept for differences in design of certain com- ponents and the addition of others (d below), which permit the M2 to deliver either semi-auto- matic or full automatic fire. The carbine M3 is the same as the M2 except that the rear sight is not included and the top of the receiver is designed to accomodate special sighting equipment (sniper- scope) issued by the Corps of Engineers. Infor- mation on the sniperscope may be found in TM 5-9341. d. Component Differences Between Full Automatic and Semi-Automatic Carbines (Fig. 3b), Note, The hammer, sear, trigger housing, operating slide, and stock of the carbine M2 Ler sme yaw Figure 1. Cal. .30 carbine M1. (described in (1) through (5) below) can also be used on the carbine M1. (1) Hammer. The hammer of the carbine M2 is the same as the hammer of the M1 carbine, except that it has a milled fa #09 010 mui stot iw Figure 2. Cal. .30 carbine M1A1.M1 CARBINE Figura 3. Cal. .30 carbine M2. cut in the lower right side to furnish clearance for the disconnector when assembled on the hammer pin (Fig. 49). (2) Sear, The sear (Fig. 52) of the carbine M2 is the same as the sear of the carbine M1, except for a raised shoul- der on the top of the front end, which forms a camming surface for the disconnector when operated. (3) Trigger housing. The trigger housing of the carbine M2 is the same as that of the carbine M1, except that the left side of the magazine post is furnish- ed with a retention slot, and the front face of the post with a dismounting notch for the selector spring. (The dismounting notch leads into the top of the slot.) The right side has a milled ut for clearance of the disconnector lever, The left side has a milled cut for the selector. (4) Operating slide. The operating slide (Fig. 58) of the carbine M2 is the same as that of the carbine M1, except for a clearance cut extending along the right-hand side of the body, and a diagonal cut at the point where the shank of the handle joins the body. The latter cut forms a cam for camming down the forward end of the dis- connector lever. (6) Stock (Fig. 99). A clearance cut is made in the inner right wall of the M2 carbine to provide clearance for the projecting right side of the discen- nector. A cut is also made in the inner left wall for clearance for the selector. The bridge is cut down to the central section for clearance for the discon- nector lever. (8) Disconnector group — added parts (Fig. 56). The disconnector pivots on the hammer pin when assembled. The rear end has a lateral projection, which bears upon the raised shoulder of the sear, when the disconnector is cam-operated by the disconnector lever for full automatic fire. The forward end has @ projecting lug on the right side, which extends outside the trigger housing and engages and acts as a camming surface for the rear end of the disconnector lever. A spring and aM1 CARBINE TABULATED DATA Weight of carbines M1, M2 and M3 (without sniperscope) with 15-round magazine {unloaded} Weight of carbine M14A1, with 15-+round magazine {unloaded} Weight of carbines M1, M2 and M3 (without sniperscope} with 15-round magazine (loaded) and sling Weight of carbine M1A1 with 15-round magazine {loaded} and sling Weight of carbines M2 and M3 (without sniper- scope} with 30-round magazine (unloaded) Weight of carbines M2 and M3 (without sniper- scope} with 30-reund magazine {loaded} Magazine capacity (old type} Magazine capacity (new type) Weight of 15-round magazine (unloaded) Weight of 15-round magazine {loaded} Weight of 30-round magazine {unloaded} Weight of 30-round magazine (loaded) Over-all length of carbines M1, M2 and M3 Over-ali length of carbine M7iA1 {stock extension extended} Over-all length of carbine M141 (stock extension folded) Over-all length of carbines M1, M2 and M3 with bayonet attached Over-all length of carbine M141 with bayonet attached (stock extended) Weight of 100 cartridges Weight of 1 ball cartridge Weight of builet fapprox.} Muzzia velocity Pressure in chamber per square inch maximum {fapprox. } Maximum range Effactive range Rate of fire, full automatic (M2 and M3) Length of barrel Sight radius at 100 yards Trigger pull Shipping weight of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines M1, M2 or M3 {without sniperscope) Shipping weight of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines M1A1 Dimensions {outside} of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines M1, M2 or M2 (without sniperscope) Dimensions (outside} of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines (M141 {Continued on following page jM1 CARBINE Cubical displacement of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines M1, M2 or M3 (without sniperscope) . . ‘Cubical displacement of nailed wood box containing 10 carbines M1A1..... NOTE ON AUTOMATIC CONVERSIONS As originally manufactured, the M1 and MIA1 .30 Carbines were built to deliver semi- automatic fire. The M2 and M3 were later designed fo deliver selective fire for greater combat ef- fectiveness, by the addition and modification of certain components. Thus the M1 and MIA1 carbines are readily converted to give selective semi-automatic or full automatic fire by the substitution and addition of the necessary internal parts. HOWEVER, tha National Fi ms Act of 1968 levies a tax of $200 and demands reg- istration upon the making or transfer of any plunger, recessed in the top of the dis- connector and bearing on the receiver, retum the disconnector to the in- operative position, when the camming action of the lever is discontinued. {T) Disconnector lever assembly — added parts (Fig. 56). The diseonnector lever assembly is not to be disassembled, Replace the lever assembly if any part fincas 4 weapon capuble of full automatic fire. Also, the possession of the parts necessary to convert 4.30 carbine to selective fire — whether thay are actually Installed In the gun or not — is considered a violation of the law unless the spacial tax is pald in advance and the conversion is dona with the knowledge and approval of the Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Bureau, U.S, Treasury Department {the agency which enthusiastically enforces the U.S. federal gun laws). Police and certain other authorized agencies can the special $200 tax by applying to the above mentioned agency. is found to be defective. The discon- nector lever assembly is composed of a disconnector lever pin, disconnector lever rivet, and disconnector lever. The pin retains the trigger housing when assembled to the receiver, The disconnector lever, riveted to a pivot on the pin, is shifted in a vertical plane, by the tuming of the pin. The pin is Tei ‘ | RAPD TisbapA Figure 3a. Cal. .30 carbine M3,M1 CARBINE ALL OPERA Xe “PLUMES CEN NEC Take: Shins, mba ta Fia a ox Tora Riba AND SRECHOON Paya eahamin” Talat: crncemnercrcn miatagr i OAS, mai fia 8a ser RIND, BREETOR | 100408 tees were Figure 3b. Operating parts for carbines M2 and M3. "1 turned by the selector, A rounded projection on the rear end of the dis- connector lever operates the discon- nector. A projecting toe on the front end of the disconnector lever contacts the camming surface on the operating slide. An offset in the rear section provides for alignment with the dis- connector. (8) Selector group — added parts (Fig. 56). ‘The selector is mounted to the left end of the crank pin by means of a slot in the lower forward face of the selector mating the straddle slots in the end of the pin. The selector holds the pin in position and acts as a lever for turning, throwing the disconnector lever into ot out of engagement with the oper- ating slide, A curved wire spring holds the selector in position on the pin and in the full automatic or semi-autematic position when operated. The straight front end of the spring seats into a recess in the lower rear end of the selector, and the circular rear end of the spring seats in a vertical slot in the front face of the magazine post on the left side of trigger housing. When assembled, the circular end of the spring is downward (spring is concave downward).I. Mechanical Training SECTION L DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY TRAINING The officers and noncommissioned officers of your unit will teach you how to take the carbine apart and how to put it together. This is commonly called field stripping. NOMENCLATURE You will leam the names of the parts of your carbine during instruction in field stripping. As your instructor names the parts, repeat them to yourself and name each part as you remove it and as you replace it. You will find that the parts are generally names for the job they do. For example, the trigger guard actually guards the trigger so that your hands or some other object will not acci- dentally brush against the trigger and trip it. DISASSEMBLY a. You will be permitted to disassemble only certain parts of your carbine, not because you can- not learn to disassemble all of them, but because constant disassembly causes extra wear. Also, some parts of your carbine require special tools for disassembly. b. Study the following chart. The left-hand column shows those parts that you may disas- semble alone. The right-hand column shows those parts that only ordnance personnel may disas- semble. The center column indicates those parts that you may remove when supervised, 13 DISASSEMBLY SUPERVISED BY — DISASSEMBLY - ORD- AUTHORIZED INDI OFFICER, VIDUAL MON-COM NANCE SOL 7 PER- SOMME L FIELD STRIPPING BARREL AND RECEIVER GHOUP Except: Gas cylinder piston and piston nut Bolt Disconnector lever assembiy Rear sight Frent sight Magazine Operating slide group STOCK GROUP TRIGGER HOUSING GROUP GUIDES TO FOLLOW These guides should be followed when disas- sembling and assembling the carbine. a. As the carbine is disassembled, lay out the parts from left to right on a clean flat surface in the order of disassembly. This procedure will help you as you assemble the carbine. b. De not attempt to disassemble the carbine against time. ec. If it is necessary to apply force, do it care- fully 50 you won’t damage any of the parts. FIELD STRIPPING You must learn field stripping so well that you can do it in the dark. You can field strip yourM1 CARBINE carbine by using only a screwdriver, or a dummy cartridge, and the operating slide spring guide. In combat, you may use a live cartridge. Caution’ WHEN USING A LIVE CAR. TRIDGE, BE CAREFUL NOT TO STRIKE THE PRIMER, Figure 5. Removing the hand guard. PROCEDURE FOR DISASSEMBLY OF THE CARBINE (FIELD STRIPPING) To field strip the carbine — a. Grasp the carbine with the left hand near the upper sling swivel. Grasp the magazine with the right hand, depress the magazine catch with the right thumb and remove the magazine, Do not drop the magazine. b. Unsnap and remove the sling from the upper sling swivel. Allow the sling to hang from the lower sling swivel (the oiler), During field strip- 14 Figure 6, Separating the stock group and the barrel and receiver group, ping, it is not necessary to remove the sling from the oiler, which serves as the lower sling swivel However, should this step be required, remove the lower loop from the adjusting buckle and then withdraw the free end of the sling from around the oiler, Remove the oiler from its recess in the stock, ¢. To remove the wooden hand guard, you must slide the front band forward toward the muzzle end of the weapon. To do this, grasp the carbine on your left hand with the front band screw head pointing to your right. Using a screw- driver or the rim of a dummy cartridge, loosen the front band screw about one-eighth of an inch Depress the front band locking spring and slide the front band forward, disengaging it from the stock group and the hand guard (Fig. 4), If the Pina WG Wich ema ‘AN one Figure 7, Removing the operating slide spring and guide.M1 CARBINE front band sticks, place the bayonet lug over the edge of a table, depress the front band locking spring, pull dewnward on the carbine, and slide the front band forward. d, Move the hand guard forward until its rear end is disengaged from the groove in the front end of the receiver. Remove the hand guard (Fig. 5). e, Place the carbine on a level surface, muzzle left and sight up. Grasp the small of the stock with the right hand and the barrel with the left hand. Raise the muzzle end of the barrel about 15 degrees until the recoil plate is released from the receiver (Fig. 6). Then separate the barrel and receiver group from the stock group. Place the stock group next to the hand guard. f. Place the barrel and receiver group on a level surface with the muzzle pointing to the left, sights down. With the right thumb and forefinger, pull the operating slide spring and guide to the rear, unseating the operating slide spring guide from its well in the receiver (Fig. 7), Remove the operating slide spring and guide and separate the two parts, The operating slide spring guide will be used as a tool in further disassembly. g. Now rotate the selector to the rear (semi- automatic setting). Insert the point of the oper- ating slide spring guide into the loop of the selector spring (Fig. 8), Push the loop end downward opposite its dismount notch and remove the selector spring. Move the selector forward to the automatic setting. Slide the selector to the rear, disengaging the slot of the selector from the straddle slots on the trigger housing and selector pin. Figure 8. Removing the selector spring. Figure 9. Removing the disconnector lever as- sembly. h. To remove the discennector lever assembly, push on the trigger housing and selector pin, unseating the disconnector lever (Fig. 9). Remove the discennector lever assembly, If the discon- nector on your weapon has a slotted groove instead of a shoulder, disengage the rear end of the dis- connector lever before attempting to remove the disconnector lever assembly. To do this, unseat the disconnector lever assembly and then rotate the crank forward, disengaging the rear end of the disconnector lever from the slotted groove of the disconnector (Fig. 10). Now, remove the dis- connector lever assembly. #. Hold the barrel and receiver in the left hand with the muzzle to the left, sights up. Remove the trigger housing group to the rear (Fig. 11). Be careful not to lose the disconnector spring and plunger assembly. j. Place the barrel and receiver on a level surface with the muzzle to the front, sights up. Lift the rear of the barrel and receiver with the left hand. Grasp the operating slide handle with the right thumb and forefinger and draw the operating slide all the way to the rear. With an upward and outward pressure (Fig. 12-A), move the operating slide forward until the guide lug on the operating slide handle engages in its dismount notch. Pull to the right and up on the operating slide handle, partially disengaging the operating slide from the operating lug on the bolt. Grasp the heavy portion of the operating slide in the palm of the right hand. Move the operating slide forward about one-fourth inch, so that the left guide lug in the heavy portion of the operating slide is opposite its relief cut in the groove on the left under side of the barrel. Remove the operating slide by rotating it counter- clockwise (Fig. 12-B).M1 CARBINE Figure 10. Removing the disconnector lever as- sembly. k, Hold the carbine as in j above. Grasp the operating lug of the bolt with the right thumb and forefinger and draw the bolt to the rear until its face is just back of the locking recesses. Rotate the bolt to the left until the operating lug is straight up, disengaging the left locking lug on the bolt. Then rotate the bolt to the right until it is level, Raise the bolt to an angle of about 45 degrees and remove it from the receiver (Fig. 13). 1, In Figure 14, you see the disassembled parts of the carbine laid out in the correct order. PROCEDURE FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF THE CARBINE AFTER FIELD STRIPPING To assemble the carbine — a. Place the barrel and receiver on a level surface with the muzzle pointing to the front, sights up. Lift the rear of the barrel and receiver with the left hand. Grasp the operating lug of the bolt with the right thumb and forefinger. Place the base of the bolt over the bridge of the re- ceiver, Hold the bolt at an angle of 45 degrees with Figure 11, Removing the trigger housing group. 16 the operating lug pointing to the right. Lower the bolt and engage its left locking lug in the groove in the receiver. Slide the bolt to the rear. b. With the barrel and receiver in the same position as in @ above, move the bolt forward until its forward end is approximately 1/4 inches from the chamber. Hold the bolt in place with the left thumb as shown in Figure 15-A. Holding the heavy portion of the operating slide in the palm Figure 12-4, Removing the operating slide. of the right hand, engage the operating lug of the bolt in the camming recess in the hump of the operating slide, Place the heavy portion of the slide so that the left guide lug is opposite its relief cut in the groove on the left under side of the barrel. Then, by rotating the operating slide to the right (clockwise), engage the two guide lugs in their grooves on the barrel (Fig. 15-B). Move the oper- ating slide and bolt to the rear until the operating slide handle guide lug engages in the dismountM1 CARBINE HEAVY PORTICN Figure 12-B. Continued. notch and is seated in its guide groove in the re- ceiver. Move the operating slide forward, closing the bolt. ¢. To replace the trigger housing group, first cock the hammer and replace the disconnector spring and plunger assembly if it was removed. Place the barrel and receiver on the palm of the left hand as shown in Figure 16. The operating slide handle is centered on and vertical to the palm of the left hand with the barrel and receiver canted slightly to the left. The fingers of the left hand are extended and joined. Pick up the trigger housing group in the right hand and engage its T lug with the corresponding slot on the receiver, from front to rear. As soon as the T lug is engaged, close the fingers of the left hand about the trigger housing group. You will hear a click, Align the trigger housing and selector pin holes, then pick up the disconnector lever assembly and lock the trigger housing group to the barrel and receiver group by inserting the trigger housing and selector pin through its holes from right to left. The toe of the disconnector lever should be pointing toward the 7 muzzle of the carbine. You will have no trouble seating the disconnector lever assembly if the disconnector has a plain shoulder. If the discon- nector has a slotted groove, ptess inward on the rear of the disconnector lever and align the rear end of the lever with the slot of the disconnector. Pull the front end of the disconnector lever away from the operating slide. Now rotate the discon- nector lever to the rear, engaging its rea end in the disconnector groove, d. Place the barrel and receiver on a level surface with the muzzle pointing left, sights down. Engage the slotted portion of the selector with the straddle slet on the end of the trigger housing and selector pin. Rotate the selector to the rear. e, With the barrel and receiver in the same position as in d above, replace the selector spring by inserting its straight end into the recess in the rear of the selector (be sure the loop of the selector BACK OF HOLY mm) Lo Figure 13. Removing the bolt.M1 CARBINE Figure 14. Lay out of parts disassembled during field stripping. spring points toward the trigger guard), Place the loop end of the spring in its dismount notch at the top of the groove on the trigger housing post. Using the operating slide spring guide, pull the loop end up, seating the selector spring, Notice in Figure 17 that the left thumb and forefinger are used to assist in replacing the selector spring. Move the selector back and forth several times to check the assembly. With the barrel and receiver in the same position as in d above, assemble the operating slide spring and guide. To replace these parts, insert the loose end of the operating slide spring into its well in the receiver. With the oper- ating slide forward, grasp the barrel and the heavy portion of the operating slide with the left hand. With the thumb and forefinger of the right hand on the shoulder of the operating slide spring guide, compress the operating slide spring and seat the operating slide spring guide in its recess, a 18 f. Lower the rear end of the barrel and re- ceiver group into the stock group with the barrel at an angle of 15 degrees to the stock group. The retaining lug on the rear of the receiver must be inserted into the forward face of the recoil plate. The barrel will normally fail to seat completely in the stock, Do not attempt to force the barrei into place. To seat these parts, grasp the barrel and stock loosely, holding them at an angle of approximately 60 degrees to the horizontal and strike the toe of the butt against the ground (Fig. 18), This permits the recoil plate to spring over the retaining lug and prevents damage to these parts. The barrel will now fit into the groove in the stock without undue pressure being applied. g. With the carbine on a level surface, muzzle left, and sights up, replace the hand guard, en- gaging its liner in the groove in the receiver, Lock . Ts “ ste Figure 15-B, Continued, the stock group, barrel and receiver group, and the hand guard together by sliding the front band down and over the forward ends of the hand guard and stock. Make sure that the front band passes over the front band locking spring. Tighten the front band screw, locking the front band in po- sition. h, Attach the forward end of the sling to the upper sling swivel. If the sling was completely temoved, replace the oiler in its recess in the stock, Thread the rear end of the sling through its aperture in the stock, around the oiler, back through the aperture and through the adjusting buckle. DISASSEMBLY OF THE TRIGGER HOUSING GROUP (UNDER SUPERVISION ONLY) To disassemble the trigger housing group — a, Squeeze the trigger and ease the hammer forward slowly to the fired position. Grasp theM1 CARBINE Figure 18. Assembling the stock group and the barre! and receiver group. frames poor: Figure 19. Removing the hammer spring and Figure 17. Replacing the selector spring. hammer spring plunger. 19M1 CARBINE Figure 20. Removing the hammer pin. trigger housing group in the left hand as shown in Figure 19, With the right hand, insert the operating slide spring guide, or a similiar tool, into the hole in the hammer spring plunger from right to left and pull back until the hammer spring plunger is. clear of the notch in the hammer (Fig. 19). Swing the hammer spring and plunger to the right to clear the hammer. Ease forward against the force of the spring until the hammer spring plunger clears the trigger housing group. Remove and separate the hammer spring and the hammer spring plunger. If the operating slide spring guide is used, be care- ful not to bend it. Figure 21. Removing the trigger pin. b. With the operating slide spring guide, drift out the hammer pin (Fig. 20). Remove the hammer and disconnector. c¢. Hold the trigger housing group in the left hand as shown in Figure 21, with the thumb pressing down on the sear. Using the small end of the operating slide spring guide, drift out the trigger pin from right to left. Turn the trigger housing group upside down and allow the sear and sear spring to fall out. d. Hold the trigger housing group as shown in Figure 22, Move the trigger forward and then rotate the rear of the trigger upward and forward out of the top of the trigger housing group. Re- move the trigger spring from the trigger housing group during this step. Figure 22. Removing the trigger. ¢, Hold the trigger housing group in the left hand as shown in Figure 28-A. With the right hand, insert the operating slide spring guide, or a similar tool into the hole in the lower face of the trigger housing — just forward of the bow. Engage the operating slide spring guide forward of the shoulder of the magazine catch retainer plunger and pull the plunger backwards. Place the left thumb against the magazine catch to prevent the magazine catch and the magazine catch plunger assembly (Fig. 23-A), from flying out. Remove the magazine catch and then the magazine catch plunger assembly from the trigger housing (Fig. 23-B), f, Remove the magazine catch retainer plung- er assembly with the safety plunger attached (Fig. 24-A). Remove the safety from its aperture (Fig. 24-B). The magazine catch retainer plunger and safety plunger are identical and are positioned on opposite ends of the magazine catch retainer plunger spring. The spring actuates both plungers.M1 CARBINE g. In Figure 25, you see the parts of the wigger housing group laid out correctly in the order of disassembly. sucanve nieve ssi Figure 23-B. Removing the magazine catch plunger assembly. ASSEMBLY OF THE TRIGGER HOUSING GROUP (UNDER SUPERVISION ONLY) To assemble the trigger housing group — a. Hold the trigger housing as shown in Figure 19. Insert the safety into its aperture in the trigger housing with the trigger notch pointing to the rear. », If you separated the magazine catch retainer plunger, safety plunger, and magazine eateh retainer plunger spring, assemble these parts now. Remember, the two plungers are identical. Insert this assembly into its aperture in. the magazine catch guide groove 21 c. If you separated the magazine catch spring and plunger, assemble these parts now, and then place the assembly in its well in the trigger guard housing. The loose end of the magazine catch spring is inserted first, with the plunger facing outward. Replace the magazine catch into its guide groove in the forward face of the trigger housing with the fingerpiece facing to the rear. Move the magazine catch to the left against its plunger. Grasp the trigger housing as shown in Figure 26, Pull the magazine catch retainer plunger back into the aperture in the trigger housing and at the same time, push the magazine catch completely to the left. The magazine catch retainer plunger will click into position in its recess in the magazine catch, holding the magazine catch in its guide groove. Operate the safety and magazine catch a few times to test the assembly. Figure 24-4, Removing the magazine catch re- tainer plunger assembly. d. Hold the rear of the trigger housing group in your left hand. Grasp the long forward end of the trigger with the right thumb and forefinger Hold the trigger level and place it down into the trigger housing group with the fingerpiece pro- jecting part way through the floor of the trigger housing. Grasp the fingerpiece with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand which is holding the trigger heusing group (Fig. 27). Position the trigger spring to the rear of the trigger so that the loop end rests in the slot in the rear top face of theM1 CARBINE Figure 24-B. Removing the safety. trigger. The prongs of the spring point upward and bear upon the upper edge of the trigger spring aperture (Fig. 28). This aperture is the lower of the two apertures in the rear of the trigger housing. With the right forefinger over the trigger and trigger spring to hold them in position, press down and to the rear, allowing the fingerpiece of the trigger to rotate forward and upward, When the coils of the trigger spring are seated in the aperture, pull back on the fingerpiece of the trigger to seat it in the trigger housing group, Do not pull back ‘on the trigger until the coils of the trigger spring are seated, or the trigger spring will fly out. Align the trigger pin holes in the trigger and trigger housing, then insert the trigger pin from the left side just far enough to hold the trigger in position, e. Insert. the sear spring in the forward face of the trigger. Place the sear in position on top of the trigger, with the raised shoulder up and point- ing toward the front of the trigger housing. The free end of the sear spting must be seated in the tear face of the sear, Hold the trigger housing ‘Ain mena abies iam a enamicon opine: a yaraeh Bannon int A Masrcine sion mice Each ons anaren Figure 25. Layout of the parts of the trigger housing group. 22 group in the left hand as shown in Figure 29, with the forefinger pressing against the trigger pin. Force the sear to the rear by applying pressure against jts raised shoulder with the operating slide spring guide. At the same time, maintain pressure against the rear of the sear with a finger of the right hand and align the trigger pin holes, Seat the trigger pin. f. Replace the disconnector, making sure that its rear end is on top of the sear (Fig. 30), Re- place the hammer with its long end up and curving to the rear (Fig. 31), Engage the sear notch of the hammer with the sear nose and rotate the hammer MAGAZINE Cateh Figure 26. Replacing the magazine catch. to its rearward (cocked) position, Align the ham- mer pin holes and replace the hammer pin. The operating slide spring guide may be used to align the hammer pin holes. g. Squeeze the trigger and move the hammer forward to its fired position, Assemble the hammer spring and hammer spring plunger. Seat the free end of the hammer spring in its well in the trigger housing group with the head of the hammer spring plunger on the right side of the hammer. InsertM1 CARBINE Figure 27. Replacing the trigger. Figure 28. Trigger spring in proper position, 23 the operating slide spring guide into the hole in the hammer spring plunger. Pull the hammer spring plunger back against the force of the ham- mer spring and seat it into the well in the hammer DISASSEMBLY OF THE OPERATING SLIDE (UNDER SUPERIVISION ONLY) ‘The operating slide stop is the only removable part of the operating slide group, To disassemble the operating slide group — a. Grasp the operating slide as shown in Figure 32. Using the operating slide spring guide, push out the operating slide stop, small end first. b, Remove the operating slide stop spring from the well in the operating slide. Figure 29. Replacing the trigger pin. ASSEMBLY OF THE OPERATING SLIDE (UNDER SUPERVISION ONLY) To assemble the operating slide group — a. Replace the operating slide stop spring into its well in the rear of the slide. b. Replace the operating slide stop, large end first, into the bottom of its well. Using the oper- ating slide spring guide, depress the operating slide stop spring and seat at the operating slide stop. DISASSEMBLY OF THE MAGAZINE (UNDER. SUPERVISION ONLY) To disassemble the magazine — a, Grasp the magazine in the left hand with the base up and with the rounded end of the baseM1 CARBINE Figure 30. Replacing the disconnector. toward your body (Fig, 3). With the left thumb, press up on the rounded end of the magazine base until you can move it from the retaining grooves in the base of the magazine tube by pushing to the left with the operating slide spring guide. », Turn the magazine on end and drop out the magazine spring. ¢. Allow the fellower to slide te the bottom cof the magazine tube. Grasp the flange on the follower and rotate the follower out of the maga- zine tube. ASSEMBLY OF THE MAGAZINE (UNDER SUPERVISION ONLY) To assemble the magazine, proceed in the reverse order of disassembly. 24 SECTION Il. HOW THE CARBINE FUNCTIONS GENERAL a. By taking your carbine apart and putting it together you become familiar with its parts. Next, you learn how these parts function. If you understand how your carbine works, you will be able to keep it in working order. This knowledge will give you confidence in your carbine 5. Each time a cartridge is fired, many parts inside the carbine work in a given order. This is known as the cycle of functioning. This cycle is almost the same in all semi-automatic weapons. ¢. To help you understand the cycle of functioning, it is broken down into eight basic steps. Keep in mind that more than one step may be occurring at the same time. The steps are listed below in the order that they begin. Figure 31, Replacing the hammer.M1 CARBINE (1) Feeding — moving the cartridge into the path of the bolt. (2) Chambering — moving the cartridge into the chamber. (3) Locking — locking the bolt in the receiver, (4) Firing — driving the firing pin forward to strike the primer, which sets off the cartridge. (5) Unlocking — unlocking the bolt from the receiver. (6) Extyaction — removing the empty cartridge case from the chamber. (7) Ejection — throwing the empty car- tridge case from the carbine. Figure 33. Removing the magazine base. (8) Cocking — pushing the hammer into the trigger pin, As the sear pivots, the cocked position. its forward end moves downward and is d, During the discussion of functioning of disengaged from the hammer. The the trigger housing group you will find the names hammer is forced forward by the of many new surfaces and parts. To help you expanding hammer spring. This hap- locate these parts and surfaces, Figures 34 through pens each time the trigger is squeezed 37 have been included. if you release your finger from the - ve . trigger after each shot is fired. Fcedlome Mee (2) There must also be a way of stopping the hammer from going forward, even if you keep your finger pressed on the trigger after each shot. This is ac- complished by the sear nose engaging in the sear notch as the hammer starts forward. The action causes the sear to move to the rear a short distance against the action of the sear spring. The sear cannot move completely to the rear because it is blecked by the trigger lip. Now release the trigger and i i b squeeze it again, holding it to the Figure 32. Removing the operating slide stop. rear. Cock the hammer slowly and see how the sear moves to the rear a short dist id th h FUNCTIONING OF THE TRIGGER HOUSING "stance anc the Sear nose engages the GROUP (SEMI-AUTOMATIC SETTING) SELECTOR SPRING a. Since the carbine begins to function when you squeeze the trigger, you first learn how the trigger housing group works (Fig. 38). cma (1) Remove the trigger housing group and cock the hammer. The hammer is held SRS SLR to in the cocked position by the sear nose cam engaging the sear notch on the hammer, Hold your left thumb over the hammer and slowly squeeze the trigger. Notice how the trigger lip moves upward and DISCONNECTOR LEVER ASSEMBLY SELECTOR WV contacts the rear of the sear. This action forces the sear to pivot about Figure 34, Trigger housing group parts. 25M1 CARBINE DISCONNECTOR SPRING Laas AND. PLUNGER, ASSEMBLY LONG ENO—7 SEAR NOTCH. DISCONNECTOR HAMMER RAISED SHOULDER SEAR NOSE SEAR Figure 35. Trigger housing group parts. sear notch, holding the hammer back. Release the trigger slowly. As you do this, the sear moves farther to the rear and the hammer moves forward a short distance and then stops. The hammer is still held in the cocked position by the sear nose engaging the sear notch. This combination holds the hammer to the rear each time a round is fired. b, As you apply pressure on the trigger it pivots about the trigger pin. This movement is divided into a slack portion and a squeeze portion, Cock the hammer and squeeze the trigger lightly. Notice that it moves easily until the trigger lip touches the rear end of the sear. This movement, until the trigger lip contacts the sear, is called the slack. Increased pressure is required to move the trigger from the time the trigger lip contacts the rear of the sear until the sear nose releases the sear notch on the hammer. This second movement of the trigger which yequires heavier pressure is called the squeeze. FUNCTIONING OF THE TRIGGER HOUSING GROUP (AUTOMATIC SETTING) When the carbine is fired automatically, the trigger housing group functions almost the same as on the semi-automatic setting. On the automatic setting, however, each time the oper- ating slide moves forward the rear end of the 26 disconnector lever is rotated upward causing the disconnector to pivot about the hammer pin. When the trigger is held to the rear, the rear of the disconnector contacts the raised shoulder of the sear and forces the forward end of the sear down, disengaging the sear nose fom the hammer. ‘The hammer moves forward actuated by the ham- mer spring, and the carbine fires. If the trigger is released, the sear moves to the rear under action of the hammer spring, and the rear of the dis- connector cannot contact the forward end of the sear, The seat nose remains engaged with the hammer, the hammer is held to the rear, and the carbine stops firing. Trigger housing group parts. Figure 37.M1 CARBINE Figure 38. Functioning of trigger housing group. FUNCTIONING OF THE CARBIN The action of the working parts during the functioning eycle is divided into two phases with certain steps of each phase going on at the same time. They are listed below in the order in which they start, a, The first phase is the ACTION DURING THE FORWARD MOVEMENT OF THE OPER- ATING PARTS. (1) Chambering. (2) Locking. (3) Alignment of the fiting pin (4) End of the forward movement. b. The second phase is the ACTION DURING THE REARWARD MOVEMENT OF THE OPER- ATING PARTS. (1) Action of the gas. (2) Action of the operating slide and spring. (3) Unlocking (4) Withdrawl of the firing pin. (5) Extraction. (6) Ejection, (7) Cocking. (8) Feeding. (9) End of the rearward movement. FUNCTIONING DURING FORWARD MOVE- MENT OF OPERATING PARTS (SEMLAUTO- MATIC SETTING) a, Chambering. As the operating slide and bolt move forward, pushed by the compressed operat- ing slide spring, the belt strips off the top round in the magazine and shoves it into the chamber. When the bolt reaches its forward position, the rim of the cartridge is gripped by the extractor, The base of the cartridge forces the ejector into the bolt, compressing the ejector spring. b.Locking. When the bolt is all the way forward, the rear camming surface in the hump of the operating slide forces the operating lug of the bolt downward, making the bolt rotate clockwise. The bolt is locked as the locking lugs on both sides of the bolt engage the locking recesses in the receiver. ec. Alignment of the Firing Pin. Slightly before the bolt reaches its foremost position, the tang of the firing pin contacts the bridge of the receiver, stopping the forward movement of the firing pin. When the bolt is tumed and fully locked, the tang of the firing pin is aligned with the slot in the bridge of the receiver and may be driven forward by the hammer. This is a safety feature to make sure that the bolt is fully locked before the live cartridge can be fired, Should the hammer fall before the bolt is fully locked, the bolt camming lug en the hammer will strike the cocking cam on the bolt causing the bolt to rotate to its locked position. d. End of the Forward Movement. After the bolt has been tured into the locked position, the operating slide continues forward a short distance. The forward movement of the operating parts ends when the inside of the heavy portion of the operating slide has driven the gas piston into the gas cylinder. FUNCTIONING DURING REARWARD MOVE- MENT OF OPERATING PARTS (SEMIAUTO- MATIC SETTING) a, Action of the Gas, When a cartridge is fired, the gas formed by the burning powder provides ” COUNTERRECOIL Figure 39. Functioning of operating parts (semi- automatic setting). 27M1 CARBINE Figure 40. Action of the gas. the force for the rearward movement of the operating parts. A chamber pressure of approx- imately 40,000 pounds per square inch is gener- ated and the bullet is forced through the barrel by the expanding powder gases. A small part of this gas, seeking the easiest’ means of escape, expands through the gas port into the gas cylinder and strikes the piston with a sudden force, driving the operating slide to the rear (Fig. 40). b, Action of the Operating Slide and Spring. As the operating slide starts to the rear, the oper- ating slide spring begins te be compressed. The operating slide moves to the rear approximately five-sixteenth of an inch before contacting the operating lug of the bolt. This allows it to build up enough speed to overcome the inertia of the locked bolt. This free play is also a safety feature. It allows the bullet to clear the muzzle, allowing the pressure inside the barrel to be reduced to outside pressure before the bolt begins to unlock. ‘This prevents a blowback of gases into your face. c, Unlocking. As the operating slide continues to the rear, the front camming surface in the hump of the operating red contacts the operating lug on the bolt, turning the bolt counterclockwise, un- locking it. d. Withdrawal of the Firing Pin. This action occurs at the same time the bolt is being unlocked, As the bolt is tumed counterclockwise, the tang of the firing pin contacts the bridge of the receiver. The firing pin is forced to the rear, withdrawing the striker of the firing pin into the face of the bolt. 28 e. Extraction. Extraction occurs next (Fig. 41), Remember that the extractor has been grip- ping the rim of the cartridge case all the time that the cartridge has been in the chamber. Initially the cartridge is loosened in the chamber as the bolt. unlocks, due to a very slight rearward move- ment of the bolt. As the bolt continues to the rear it pulls the empty case from the chamber. f. Ejection, When the front of the empty cartridge case clears the rear of the chamber, the ejector (which has been continually pushing against the base of the case) ejects the empty case from the receiver by the action of the expanding ejector spring (Fig. 41). g. Cocking. As the bolt moves to the rear, it forees the hammer rearward and downward into the cocked position. h. Feeding. When the bolt in its rearward movement clears the top round in the magazine, the follower, through the action of the compressed magazine spring, moves the top cartridge up into the path of the bolt. i End of the Rearward Movement. The rearward movement ends when the heavy portion of the operating slide contacts the front of the receiver, ACTION OF AUTOMATIC MECHANISM, GENERAL a, Semi-automatic Setting. When the selector is in the rear (semi-automatic) position, the dis- connector lever is disengaged and is not involved with the functioning of the carbine. Since the disconnector lever is lowered and its toe cannot contact the camming surface on the operating slide, the selector is held on either setting by the locking action of the selector spring. Figure 41. Extraction and ejection.M1 CARBINE b. Automatic Setting. When the selector is pushed forward, it rotates the trigger housing and selector pin. The crank on the trigger housing and selector pin rotates upward forcing the dis- connector lever upward. Assuming that the oper- ating slide is forward when the disconnector lever moves upward, the toe of the disconnector lever contacts the camming surface on the operating slide, The toe of the disconnector lever is forced down, making the disconnector lever pivot on the trigger housing and selector pin. The rear end of the disconnector lever is raised. This raises the front end of the disconnector, which compresses the disconnector spring and plunger assembly. ‘The disconnecter pivots about the hammer pin, rotating downward the projecting lug on the rear of the disconnector. If the hammer were cocked and the trigger squeezed, the disconnector would bear against the raised shoulder of the sear. The forward end of the sear would be depressed and the hammer would be released. However, with the trigger released, the sear has moved far enough to the rear so that the disconnector cannot contact the sear, Hence, the hammer is not released. The sear is forced to the rear by the hammer spring. FUNCTIONING DURING FORWARD MOVE- MENT OF OPERATING PARTS (AUTOMATIC SETTING) (FIG. 42) a. The action as the operating slide moves forward is the same as on the semi-automatic setting (Page 28) and (Fig. 39), up to the time the camming surface on the operating slide contacts the toe of the disconnector lever. At this point, the operating slide cams down the toe of the disconnector lever. This raises the rear end of the disconnector lever, which is in contact with the disconnector. The forward end of the dis- connector is cammed upward. The disconnector rotates about the hammer pin, and the projecting Jeg on the rear of the disconnector moves down- ward. With the trigger still held back, the project- ing lug of the disconnector presses against the raised shoulder of the sear and the sear nose is disengaged from the hammer, The hammer spring then rotates the hammer forward, and the carbine fires. This happens every time the operating slide moves forward if pressure is maintained on the trigger (see next column). b. The operating slide cams the toe of the disconnector lever down during the last five- sixteenth inch for forward movement of the slide. ‘Thus the bolt is fully rotated and locked before the carbine is fired. As in the M1 carbine, the 23 bridge of the receiver keeps the firing pin from moving forward before it should, c. If the trigger is released, the sear will move back over the trigger lip far enough to move the sear out of possible engagement with the discon- nector, Therefore, the disconnector will not dis- engage the sear from the hammer. The sear in this ease continues to hold the hammer in the cocked position. FUNCTIONING DURING REARWARD MOVE- MENT OF OPERATIMG PARTS (AUTOMATIC SETTING) a, The action up to the time the operating slide starts to the rear is the same as on the semi- automatic setting (Page 28). In the first half inch of rearward movement of the operating slide, the toe of the disconnector lever slides off the cam- ming surface on the operating slide and rises. Since pressure is no longer held against the dis- eonnector, the disconnector spring and plunger assembly forces the front of the disconnector, as well as rear of the disconnector lever, down- ward, As the disconnector pivots about the ham- mer pin, the projecting lug on the rear of the dis- connector rises to clear the sear. b, The remainder of the rearward movement is the same as on the semi-automatic setting. Figure 42. Functioning of operating parts (auto- matic setting).M1 CARBINE SAFETY FEATURES a, The Safety. To see how the safety works, cock the hammer and rotate the safety downward to the safe position. As you rotate the safety downward the trigger notch in the safety rotates to the rear and in its place the solid portion of the safety is exposed to the forward end of the trigger. Attempt to squeeze the trigger, The solid portion of the safety now blocks the forward end of the trigger, preventing the trigger from moving. Since the trigger cannot move, the hammer remains stationary and the weapon does not fire (Fig. 43). b. The Bolt and Firing Pin, A safety feature has been built into the carbine to prevent it from firing unless the bolt is in its locked position. This is done by the action of the bolt camming lug on the hammer against the cocking cam of the bolt. Note on your weapon that if the bolt is not completely rotated to the right into the locked position, the bolt camming lug will not fit in the cocking cam and the hammer cannot hit the tang of the firing pin. If the bolt is not fully locked as the hammer moves forward, the bolt camming lug will rotate the bolt to the right. This action locks the bolt before the hammer can hit the tang of the firing pin. During unlocking, the instant the bolt starts to rotate to the left, the hammer is pushed away from the tang of the firing pin by the action of the cocking cam against the bolt camming lug. Figure 43. How the safety works, 30 SECTION II. OPERATION GENERAL ‘To use your carbine, you must know how to load it with a magazine and with a single cartridge. You must know how to fire it, and, for the safety of yourself and others, how to unload and clear it, In this section, you will be shown how to do these things. TO LOAD A MAGAZINE Insert the desired number of cartridges (max- imum of thirty) in the magazine so that the base of each cartridge is close to the rear wall of the magazine. TO LOAD THE CARBINE Holding the carbine with the left hand at the balance, rotate the safety downward. With the right hand, insert a fully loaded magazine into the magazine opening, making sure that it snaps into place. Tap up on the magazine base to be sure it is seated. With the forefinger of the right hand, pull the operating slide quickly to the rear and release it, closing the bolt, Striking the operating slide handle sharply with the hee] of the right hand helps to close and lock the bolt. TO UNLOAD THE CARBINE a. To unload the carbine, move the safety to the safe setting, remove the magazine and lock the bolt in the open position. There are two methods for removing the magazine. 6, To unload a single round from the cham- ber, hook the right forefinger over the operating slide handle and pull the operating slide to the rear. This extracts and ejects the round. TO OPERATE THE CARBINE AS A SINGLE LOADER With the receiver empty, pull the operating slide to the rear and lock it in this position by depressing the operating slide stop. With the right hand, place one round in the chamber, seating it with the thumb. With the right forefinger, pull the operating slide slightly to the rear and release it, The operating slide must be allowed to go for- ward by the force of its expanding spring. It must not be slowed in its forward movement by contact with the hand. If the operating slide is not com-M1 CARBINE pletely released, the bolt may not lock. When this occurs, the carbine may not fire when the trigger is squeezed. TO FIRE THE CARBINE SEMI- AUTOMATICALLY To fire the carbine semi-automatically, move the selector to the rear and squeeze the trigger for each shot. - Figure 43a. The rear sight. TO FIRE THE CARBINE, AUTOMATICALLY a. When the carbine is fired automatically, accuracy is sacrificed for an increased volume of fire. Therefore, automatic fire should be used only when a large volume of fire is needed at very close ranges, You should be trained in the capabilities and limitations of this type of fire so that you can use it to the best advantage, keeping in mind such things as the availability of ammunition, the decrease in accuracy when firing automatically, and the demoralizing effect on the enemy. b. To fire the carbine automatically, push the selector forward. When pressure is applied to the trigger, the carbine will fire as long as the trigger is held back and there is ammunition in the maga- zine. To cease firing, release the trigger. Caution: Always release the trigger before shifting the selector to automatic. If the trigger is held back with the hammer cocked and the selector pushed forward to the automatic position, the carbine will fire. TO SET THE CARBINE AT SAFE The loaded carbine must be kept locked until you are ready to shoot. To lock the carbine, 31 rotate the safety downward to its “ON” position. In this position, the trigger cannot be moved because the forward end of the trigger is blocked by the safety. When locked, the carbine may be loaded or unloaded by hand but it cannot be fired. To unlock the carbine, rotate the safety rearward to its “OFF” position, TO CLEAR THE CARBINE To clear the carbine, unload it as explained in paragraph 30. Glance into the chamber and receiver to see that there are no cartridges in the weapon. Leave the bolt open. TO ADJUST THE REAR SIGHT a, The rear sight of your carbine is adjustable (Pig. 43a), enabling you to engage targets ac- curately up to the maximum effective range. It has an elevation slide and a windage knob. The rear sight ramp has the numbers 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 corresponding to 100, 200, 250, and 300 yards of tange. There is a corresponding indentation on the ramp for each of these ranges. The sight setting for 100 yards is also used for firing at 150 yards. ‘The base of the rear sight has graduations for windage. 6, To raise the strike of the bullet on the target, increase the sight setting by moving the elevation slide toward you. To lower the strike of the bullet on the target, lower the sight setting by moving the elevation slide away from you, To move the strike of the bullet to the right, turn the windage knob away from you. This moves the aperture to the right and is called right wind- age. To move the strike of the bullet to the left, tum the windage on the rear sight. An easier way of saying all this is to move the rear sight in the direction that you want to move the strike of the bullet, c. After setting the rear sight to any click of elevation or windage, move the adjustment knob or slide slightly in both directions to see that it is centered for that click. OPERATION CHECKS With the carbine fully assembled and un- loaded, and the safety rotated upward (firing position), the following operation checks may be made; a, Pull the selector to the rear (semi-auto- matic position). With the trigger released, pull theM1 CARBINE operating slide to the rear, cocking the hammer. Allow the operating slide to snap forward. The hammer should not fall. 4, With the trigger held tc the rear, pull the operating slide to the rear, cocking the hammer. Aliow the operating slide to snap forward. The hammer should not fall until the trigger is released and then squeezed. c. With the trigger released, pull the oper- ating slide to the rear, cocking the hammer. Allow the operating slide to snap forward. Push the selector te the forward (automatic) position, The hammer should not fall until the trigger is squeezed. d. With the selector in the forward (auto- matic) position, pull the operating slide to the rear, hold the trigger back, and allow the bolt to close slowly, The hammer should not fall until the bolt is fully Jocked. e. Test the safety with the selector in both positions. The hammer should not fall when the safety is moved to its “OFF” position. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Safety cannot be overemphasized. Some of the precautions to observe in handling the carbine follow, These precautions are not intended tc replace other existing safety regulations. e. A carbine with its bolt closed is never considered to be safe until it is properly inspected. b. Do not playfully or carelessly point the carbine at anyone. Always consider the carbine loaded. c. Do not leave any obstruction in the muzzle or bore. d. Never push the selector forward to the automatic position while maintaining pressure on the trigger. If the trigger is held back with the hammer cocked and the selector pushed forward to the automatic position, the carbine will fire. SECTION IV. IMMEDIATE ACTION AND STOPPAGES GENERAL If your carbine stops firing through no fault or intention of your own, then you have a stop- page. You must be able to clear such stoppages and continue firing. In combat your lift may de- pend on your ability to reduce a stoppage quickly so you can continue to deliver accurate fire. Therefore, the first thing to do when you have a stoppage is to apply immediate action. ‘This is the 32 unhesitating application of a probable remedy to clear a stoppage without investigating the cause. APPLYING IMMEDIATE ACTION If your carbine fails te fire, pull the operating slide all the way to the rear with the right hand, palm up; release it, aim, and attempt to fire. This action will clear most stoppages. If this fails to correct the stoppage and your weapon will not fire semi-automatically, werk the operating slide by hand until you have encugh time to investigate the trouble. STOPPAGES a. The stoppages that are not cleared by immediate action fall inte three classes. (1) Failure to chamber is caused by some condition that prevents the bolt from chambering the cartridge completely. (2) Failure to fire is caused by the primer failing to fire when struck by the firing pin or a failure of the firing pin to strike the primer. (3) Failure to extract is caused by an extremely dirty chamber or ammu- nition, or by a broken extractor or spring. b. Table I gives the causes for these and other stoppages and tells you what action to take to correct them. SECTION V. CARE AND CLEANING GENERAL Your carbine will be only as good as the care that you give it. Rust and dirt cause more wear than firing, and more carbines become unservce- able through lack of care and cleaning than for any other reason. CLEANING MATERIALS, LUBRICANTS, AND RUST PREVENTIVES a. Cleaning Materiats. (1) Rifle bore cleaner is provided for clean- ing the bore cf yeur carbine after firing. It may be placed in the bore of your weapon after firing and left there for several hours until you can clean the weapon and apply a preservative oil. This material has rust-preventiveM1 CARBINE properties. After using rifle bore cleaner, dry the fore and apply a thin coat of preservative lubricating oil. Rifle bore cleaner freezes at temper- atures below minus 20 degrees F. If thawed rifle bore cleaner is used, shake it well before using. (2) Soap and water (warm or cold) is used for cleaning the bore when the rifle bore cleaner is not available. Warm water alone is good, but warm scapy water is better. After using soap and water, dry the bore thoreughly and apply a thin coat of light preservative lubricating oil. Volatile-mineral-spoiis-paint thinner and dry-cleaning solvent are non- corrosive solvents used for removing grease, oil, or light rust-preventive compounds from weapons. Do not use these solvents near an open flame, because they are highly inflammable. Smecking is prohibited where these solvents are being used. They will attack and discolor rubber. Apply with rag swabs to large parts and use Table |. Stoppages and Malfunctions MALFUNCTION Failure to chamber. Failure to fire {hammer releases but carbine does not fire). Failure to extract. Fires in bursts of two or three rounds {rare}. Pressure on trigger does not release hammer. Selector cannot be moved from automatic to semi- automatic setting. Disconnector fails to function. Selector shifts to semi- automatic when firing automatic fire. CAUSE (1) Dirty or rough chamber. (2) Restricted gas port. (3) Dirty or improperty lubri- cated carbine. {4} Damaged magazine. {5} Ruptured cartridge case in chamber. (1) Bolt not seated and locked. (2) Defective or broken firing pin. {3} Defective ammunition. (1) Dirty or rough chamber. (2) Restricted gas port. (3) Dirty ammunition. {4} Broken extractor. (1) Sear broken or wom, or re- mains in open position. (1) Deformed hammer or trigger. (2) Broken trigger spring. {1) Selector spring incorrectly assembled in trigger housing group. {1) Projecting lug on rear of disconnector is broken. (1) Broken or weak selector spring. 33 CORRECTION BY SOLDIER {1} Clean chamber. (2} Clean gas port. (3) Clean and lubricate carbine. (4) Replace magazine. {5) Remove ruptured cartridge case, {1} Pull operating slide halfway to the rear and release it. Insure complete locking. (2) Replace bolt. (3) If practicable, secure new ammuniction, {1} Clean chamber. {2} Clean gas port. (3) Clean cartridge or, if practicable, secure new ammunition. (4) Replace bolt. {1} Reptace sear. {1) Reptace defective part. (2) Replace trigger spring. (1) Place selector spring in proper position, loop toward trigger guard. (1) Replace disconnector. {1} Replace selector spring.(4) M1 CARBINE as a bath for small parts. Clean all surfaces immediately and dry them thoroughly with clean rags. Then oil the parts. Since perspiration contains corrosive acids, avoid leaving finger marks. Decontaminating agents are used under special conditions to remove chemical agents (Page 38). (2) is issued for protecting the metal parts for long periods while the car- bines are boxed and in storage. Warm it before application. Raw linseed oil is a vegetable oil used to prevent the drying of the wooden parts and to preserve them; and it improves the appearance of the wood. Apply it with long strokes of the db. Lubricants. hand. (2) eee ieee. proworuative CARE AND CLEANING WHEN NO FIRING IS lubricating oil for small arms exposed DONE to salt-water atmosphere. It is heavier a, General. This includes the care of the and possesses better preservative char- carbine to preserve its condition and appearance acteristics which make it useful for during the periods when no firing is done. Car- coating all parts of the weapon before bines in the hands of troops should be inspected landing operations. Use it in prefer- daily to insure proper condition and cleanliness. ence to special preservative lubricating 5, Bore. (2) (3) (4) oil when the carbine is to be exposed to salt water and at temperatures above +32 degrees F. Special preservative fubricating oil is a thin oil used for lubricating at temperatures below +32 degrees F. and for providing temporary protection against corrosion. Use this oil for preserving the bere after the carbine has been fired and cleaned, as well as for lubricating all moving parts. When used on moving parts, it is necessary to maintain a thin film of oil to provide proper lubrication. Make frequent inspections to to see that you have an adequate protective film of oil. Rifle grease possesses good resistance to the action of water. Use it sparingly on those parts subject to heavy wear in wet climates or during amphibious operations. Figure 45 shows the parts where this grease should be applied. It is issued in a small plastic container. Engine oil, SAE 10 may be used when the oils mentioned above cannot be obtained. In cold weather, any oil as heavy as this causes sluggish operation and may prevent the carbine from working. This oil does not possess the rust-preventive properties of preser- () When you clean the bore, the magazine should be out and the bolt should be in the open position. The bolt normally can be held in the open position by the operating slide stop. Since the bolt can be released easily, you may place a piece of wood, or some similar object, between the hump of the operating slide and the rear of the hand guard to hold the boli tc the rear. (2) To clean the bore, use the M8 cleaning red and several patches. If you use a rod longer than the M&, protect the face of the bolt against damage from the rod. Run a clean, dry patch forward and backward through the bore several times, making sure that the patch goes all the way through before re- versing the direction. Repeat this several times, using a clean patch each time, until a patch comes out ciean. Then, dip a patch in preservative lubricating oil, squeeze out the excess oil and run the patch through the bore several times. Caution: Avoid careless use of the cleaning rod to prevent unnecessary wear at the muzzle: do not allow the cleaning rod to bear against the bore at the muzzle. ¢. Disconnector Group. See that the camming slot in the front end of the disconnector is free from foreign matter and is not burred; the dis- connector plunger spring is not weak, rusted, or broken; the well for the disconnector spring and vative lubricating oils. When engine oil is used, the weapons must be examined, cleaned, and reoiled frequently. e. Preservatives. (1) Medium rusi-preventive compound 34M1 CARBINE plunger assembly is clean; and the disconnector plunger is not burred. Oil these parts lightly. The expanded end of the disconnector spring should be seated in the disconnector plunger. Check the rear of the disconnector for burrs and wear. d. Disconnector Lever Assembly, See that the pivot on the crank end is not worn and is free from burrs, and that the straddle cuts on the trigger housing and selector pin are not wor. Such wear causes lost motion. Also check the disconnector lever to make sure it is straight and free from burrs. The rear of the disconnector lever assembly should not bind in the slotted grocve or shoulder of the disconnector. Oj] the assembly lightly. e. Selector Group. Clean the selector spring recess. Check the selector spring to see that it is not twisted and does not fit too loosely. If the selector spring is too loose, straighten it slightly. Ff. Trigger Housing. See that the selector spring retention slot in the trigger housing group is free from dirt and seats the selector spring securely 30 that it will not tum. # Operating Slide. O11 the disconnector lever cam on the operating slide. See that this surface is free from burrs. h. Magazine Catch. See that the projection on the left side of the magazine catch is not burred. i Stock. See that the stock is neither so swollen nor warped that it will interfere with the action of the disconnector, disconnector lever, or selector. j. Screw Heads and Recesses. Clean the small screw heads and all recesses with a small brush or stick. An old tooth brush or shaving brush is excellent for this purpose. Clean the metal parts with a dry cloth and wipe with an oil-dampened cloth to provide a protective finish. Wipe the stock and hand guards with a clean cloth, then rub in linseed oil. Ceution: After cleaning your carbine, do not use a muzzle plug or cover. They cause moisture to collect, and result in rust; and there is always the danger of forgetting to remove the plug before firing. CARE AND CLEANING BEFORE AND DURING FIRING ON THE RANGE Before firing, take the following steps to make sure your carbine will function properly: a, Field-strip it. 35 6. Clean the bore and chamber. Do not oil them. ec. Remove any carbon from the head of the piston nut. d. Clean thoroughly all metal parts which do not come in contact with the ammunition and put a light coat of oil on them. Use special or medium preservative lubricating oil. Be sure that the fol- lowing parts have a light coat of oil: (1) Locking lugs and the operating lug of the bolt and their recesses. (2) Bolt guide grooves in receiver. (3) Cocking cam on rear of bolt and firing pin tang recess, (4) Contact surface of barrel and operating slide. (5) Operating slide spring guide. (6) Operating slide handle grooves on side of the receiver. (7) Operating slide grooves in barrel. (8) Contacting surface of receiver and operating slide. (9) Cammed surfaces in the hump of the operating slide. (10) Piston. (11) Magazine catch and magazine catch plunger. (12) Operating slide stop. e. Use rifle grease if the carbine is exposed to a great deal of rain or te spray from sea water, because the bolt may occasionally fail to open. This is caused by the friction resulting from the effect of the water and the fact that any ordinary lubricant is likely to be washed away from certain bearing surfaces. Under these conditions, it is essential that such surfaces be coated with rifle grease which resists the action of the water. Apply rifle grease to the parts shown in Figure 43b after wiping them clean and dry with a cloth. Rifle grease is not normally applied to other parts. After applying rifle grease, work the parts several times to spread the grease. f Inspect the bolt to determine whether cracks have developed. Give special attention to the right hand locking lug and the area next to the firing pin hole. Bolts having visible cracks should be replaced. CARE AND CLEANING AFTER FIRING After you have fired, your main concern is to keep the carbine from becoming rusty. The deposit left after firing consists mainly of primer fouling, powder ashes, metal fouling, and carbon.M1 CARBINE Although carbine ammunition has a noncorrosive primer, it will leave a deposit when dried. Since this deposit might collect moisture and promote rust, it must be removed. Rifle bore cleaner re- moves this deposit and the powder ashes. Metal fouling is not common. It is removed only by ordnance personnel, a. Clean the bore of your carbine thoroughly, preferably right after firing, and certainly no later than the evening of the day you fire it. The bore is cleaned in the same manner for the next 3 days, (1) Use the following equipment: (a) M8 cleaning rod. (5) Rifle bore cleaner. (c) Patches. (d) Preservative lubricating oil. {e) Waste wipes. (2) Follow this procedure in cleaning the bore. (a) Wet patches (rifle bore cleaner or warm soapy water), (8) Brush, (c) More wet patches, (d) Dry patches, iain. Sleeses Ge Miu oF Tae ontario > wg Rae THe LiF Ge Tha tes eh Amoey. Oe eeGT ane Po Locka MELEE om THE eck i Figure 43b. Points on which to apply rifta grease. 36 (e) Inspection, (Repeat the above until a dry patch comes out clean and no evidence of fouling can be seen in the bore.) (f) Oily pateh. ®, Additional cleaning of the chamber should not be necessary. The diameter of the chamber in the carbine is so nearly the same as that of the bore that the cleaning of the bore and chamber is accomplished simultaneously, e Clean the piston nut by removing the carbon. Your organizational artificer will guper- vise you when you remove the gas piston and piston nut of the gas cylinder group to clean them. Frequent removal of thesa parts causes excessive wear on the threads; therefore, these parts should be removed only when your carbine shows definite signs of insufficient gas. The lack of gas compression is indicated by failure to chamber or failure to extract a round. To remove the piston nut, clamp the barrel and receiver firmly in a vise with protected jaws and, using the gas piston nut removing tool, M5, unscrew the piston nut from the gas cylinder. When removing the piston nut be very careful not to burr or twist the prongs, To remove the piston, elevate the muzzle of the barrel and slide the piston nut cut of the gas cylinder. If the piston will not slide out easily, tap the gas cyliner lightly with a wooden block. To remove the carbon from the piston and piston nut, use a cleaning patch saturated in rifle bore cleaner. Wipe off the excess with a dry patch and then apply a light coat of preservative lubricating oil. Be careful to align the threads when you re- place the piston nut so that you will not burr them as you tighten the nut. If you cannot easily thread the piston nut back into place, give the carbine to your supply officer to send to the proper ordnance agency. d. Clean the face of the bolt with a patch and yifle bore cleaner, After cleaning, dry and oil lightly. e Clean other metal parts and exterior surfaces with a dry cloth to remove dampness, dirt, and perspiration. Oil all metal parts with pre- servative Jubricating oil. Oil the stock and hand guard with linseed oil. Rub it in well, CARE AND CLEANING DURING COMBAT a. There is no basie difference between the care of a carbine during range firing and during combat exeept —M1 CARBINE {1) The carbine may get much more severe treatment. {2) Conditions for maintenance may be much more difficult. (3) Issued materials for maintenance may be partially or completely lacking. b. Because of the above conditions and be- cause you have to keep your weapon in operating condition during combat, you must use your initiative, energy, and constant attention tc over- come these difficulties. c. To obtain the maximum efficiency from your carbine, observe the following points: {1} Keep the bore and chamber clean. Do not fire the carbine when dirt, mud, snow, or any other obstruction is in the bore. Such obstructions are ex- tremely dangerous and may cause the barrel to swell or burst. Use a cleaning rod, if one is available, or the thong and brush which you should have. If these are not available, any slender rod or stiff wire can be used as a field expedient. Using any one of these, keep the bore and chamber clean and lightly oiled. Avoid excessive friction. If the carbine shows signs of excessive friction due to lack of lubrication, apply oil to the parts that need it. If this friction is the result of dirt and there is no time to clean the carbine, use an extra amount of oil in the places needed. Friction is indicated if the empty cartridge cases are being ejected to the right rear or if the action of the belt is sluggish, Apply oil at the first opportunity, as failure to chamber and eject will occur if the condition is not corrected. Use extra care under severe conditions. If the carbine is to be exposed to severe conditions of rain or salt’ water, apply rifle grease. The points on which to apply this grease are shown in Figure 43b. d. Keep a thin coating of preservative lubri- cating oil on all metal parts. e. Remove the carbon from the head of the piston nut when necessary. f In emergencies when the prescribed lubri- cants are not available, use any clean light mineral oil such as engine oil. (2) (3) 3? PREPARATION FOR STORAGE Medium preservative lubricating oil is the most suitable oil for short term protection of the carbine mechanism. It is effective for storage cver periods of 2 to 6 weeks, depending on climatic conditions, However, carbines in short term storage must be inspected every 4 or 5 days and the pre- servative films renewed if necessary. For longer periods of storage, carbines are protected with medium rust-preventive compound. Medium rust- preventive compound is a semi-solid material. It is efficient for preserving polished surfaces, the bore, and the chamber for a period of approx- imately 1 year, depending on climatic and storage conditions. The carbine must be cleaned and pre- pared for storage with particular care. The bore, all parts of the mechanism, and the exterior of the carbine should be thoroughly cleaned and then dried completely with rags. In damp climates, particular care must be taken to see that the rags are dry. After drying a metal part, the bare hands should not touch that part. All metal parts should then be coated with either medium preservative lubricating oi] or medium rust-preventive com- pound, depending on the length of storage re- quired. The rust-preventive compound can best be applied to the bore of the carbine by dipping the cleaning brush into the compcund and then run- ning it through the bere two or three times. The brush must be clean before it is used. Before placing the carbime in the packing chest, see that the bolt is in its forward position and that the hammer is released, Then, handling the carbine by the stock and hand guard only, place it in the packing chest whose wooden supports for the butt and muzzle have been painted with rust-preventive compound. Under no circumstances should a carbine be wrapped in a cloth or other cover or be placed in storage with a plug in the bore. Such covers collect moisture and make the weapon rust. CLEANING WEAPONS RECEIVED FROM STORAGE Carbines are received from storage with a coating of preservative lubricating oil or of rust- preventive compound. Carbines received from ordnance storage will usually be coated with rust- preventive compound, Use volatile-mineral-spirits- paint thinner or dry-cleaning solvent to remove all traces of the compound or oil. Take particular care that all recesses in which springs or plungers operate are cleaned thoroughly. Failure to do thisM1CARBINE may cause stoppages at normal temperatures and will certainly cause stoppages when the rust- preventive compound freezes during cold weather. After using the cleaning solvent, be sure it is completely removed from all parts by wiping with a dry cloth. Then apply a thin coat of preservative lubricating oil to all metal parts and use linseed oil on the wooden parts. CARE WHEN SUBJECT TO CHEMICAL ATTACK a. If a chemical attack is expected or chemical contaminations are encountered, the following action should be taken: Apply cil te all outer metal surfaces of the carbine and accessories. Do not apply cil to ammunition. If the carbine is not to be used, cover it, the accessories, and the ammunition with protective coverings or disperse them under natural cover. Ammunition should be kept in its containers as long as possible. After a chemical attack, determine by means of detector paper (for liquid) or detector crayon (for vapors) whether or not the equipment is contaminated. b. If uncontaminated, clean the equipment with a dry-cleaning solvent. Prepare it for use as required, c. If contaminated, a complete suit of pro- tective clothing (permeable or impermeable), including impermeable protective gloves, and a gas mask must be worm during decontamination. (1) Equipment contaminated with chemi- cals other than the blister agents or G-series agents can be decontaminated by airing. For faster decontamination of this equipment and to protect against corrosion, clean the carbine and its equipment with rifle bore cleaner, denatured alcohol, or soap and water. (2) Equipment contaminated by blister agents will be decontaminated as follows: {c) Remove dirt, dust, grease, and oii by wiping with rags. (6) Expose all surfaces to air. (c) Decontaminate all metal surfaces except the bore with agent, decon- taminating, noncorrosive (DANC) (FM 21-40). Hot water and soap, or repeated applications with gas- oline soaked swabs are also ef- fective. {d) Protective ointment, M5, carried in the gas mask carrier, can be used 38 for emergency decontamination (FM 21-40). (e) Test with detector paper or detector kit to see if decontamination is complete. (f} After decontamination and tests are complete, clean, dry, oil, and pre- pare the carbine and its equipment for use as required. {g) Burn, or preferably bury, all rags or wiping materials used during de- contamination. Caution should be taken to protect men against vapors created by burning. (3) Tn general, these same actions are applicable to equipment contaminated by biological or radiological attack. If contamination is too great, it may be necessary to discard the equipment. Detailed information on decontam- ination is contained in FM 21-40 and TM 3-220. CARE AND CLEANING UNDER UNUSUAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS a. in Cold Climates. In temperatures below freezing, the moving parts of your carbine must be kept absolutely free from moisture. Also, excess cil on the working parts will solidify to such an extent as to cause sluggish operating or complete failure. (1) The carbine should be disassembled and completely cleaned with volatile-min- eral-spirits-paint thinner or dry-cleaning solvent before use in temperatures below 32 degrees F. The working surfaces of parts which show signs of wear may be lubricated by rubbing with a cloth which has been wetted in special preservative lubricating oil, other parts are left dry. At temper- atures above 32 degrees F., all metal surfaces of the carbine may be oiled thinly, after cleaning, by wipimg with a lightly oiled cloth using the medium preservative lubricating oil. (2) When brought indoors, the carbine should first be allowed to come to room temperature. Moisture will con- dense on the cold surfaces. Then dis- assemble the carbine and wipe it completely dry. Oil with the special preservative lubricating oil. This con- densation may be avoided by providingM1 CARBINE a cold place in which to keep the car- bine when not in use. For example, a separate cold room with carbine racks may be used, or, when in the field, racks under preper cover may be improvised. If the carbine has been fired, it should be cleaned and oiled. When the carbine reaches room temper- ature it should be cleaned and oiled again. b. Hot, Humid Climates. In tropical climates where temperature and humidity are high, or where salt air is present, and during rainy seasons, your carbine should be inspected thoroughly every day. It should be kept lightly oiled when not in use. The carbine should be field stripped at regular intervals and if necessary, should be disassembled enough to permit the drying and oiling of all parts. Care should be taken to see that unexposed parts and surfaces are kept clean and oiled. Medium preservative lubricating oil should be used, Wood parts should be inspected to see that swelling caused by moisture does not bind working parts. If swelling has occurred, shave off the wood only enough to relieve binding. A light coat of raw linseed oil applied at intervals and rubbed in with the heel of the hand will help to keep moisture out, Allow the oil to soak in for a few hours and then wipe and polish the wood with a dry clean rag. Care should be taken that linseed oil does not get on the working parts, because linseed oil thick~- ens when dry. Stock and hand guards should be dismounted while this oil is being applied. c. Hot, Dry Climates. In hot, dry climates where sand and dust are likely to get into the mechanism and bore, the carbine should be wiped clean daily or oftener. Groups should be separated and disassembled for thorough cleaning. When the carbine is being used under sandy conditions, all lubricants should be wiped from the weapon. This will prevent sand from sticking to the lubricant and forming an abrasion which will ruin the mech- anism. Upon leaving sandy terram, the carbine should be cleaned and relubricated. In such cli- mates, the woed paris are likely to dry out and shrink, A light application of raw Lnseed oil will help to keep the wood in condition. Since per- spiration from the hands contains acid and causes rust, it should be wiped from all metal parts. During sand or dust storms, the receiver and muzzle should be kept covered if possible. 39 SECTION VI. SPARE PARTS, APPENDAGES, AND ACCESSORIES SPARE PARTS Some parts of your carbine may in time become unserviceable through breakage or wear resulting from continuous use. Extra parts are provided with the carbine to replace those parts most likely to fail. These parts normally will be kept with the organizational property. They should be kept cleaned and lightly oiled to prevent rust. Sets of spare parts should be kept complete at all times. Whenever a spare part is used to replace a defective part in the carbine, the defective part should be repaired or replaced. Parts that are carried complete should be correctly assembled and ready for immediate use with the carbine. The allowances of spare parts are prescribed in Ord 7 SNL B-28. Except for replacements with the spare parts mentioned above, repairs or alterations to the carbine are made only by ordnance person- nel. APPENDAGE The bayonet knife is a blade sharpened along the entire lower edge and partially along the upper edge. It is made to fit securely into the scabbard er onto the forward end of the carbine. A hand grip on its base makes it a suitable hand weapon or utility tool. ACCESSORIES Accessories include the tools required to assemble and clean your carbine, and the gun sling, spare parts containers, covers, arm lockers, and similar articles. They should be used fer no other purpose than that for which they are intended. When not in use, they should be stored in the places provided for them. Detailed descriptions or methods for the use of all such accessories are not outlined in this manual. However, some of the most common accessories are described below. a The brush and thong are used for cleaning the bore of the carbine when the cleaning rod is not available. bh. The cleaning rod M8 is of such length as to prevent damage to the follower or the face of the bolt. The red has a handle at one end and is threaded at the other end to receive the patch or brush sections. The patch section is slotted tc per- mit the insertion of a cleaning patch; the brush section is used to clean the bore of the carbineM1 CARBINE after firing. The cleaning rod is provided with a web case for carrying purposes, ce. The oiler, complete with cap and rod, contains oil for lubricating the carbine when the normal supply of oil is not available. The oiler also serves at the lower sling swivel. d. The sting Mi is placed on your carbine as shown in Figures i to 3 inclusive. The carbine sling is used for carrying purposes only. SECTION VII. AMMUNITION GENERAL The ammunition that you may use in the carbine is described in this section. Your carbine can fire several types of ammunition. You are responsible for being able to recognize these types, for knowing which is best to use for certain targets, and for taking proper care of the ammunition. a In most type of small-arms ammunition, a cartridge consists of a cartridge case, primer, propelling charge, and the bullet. &. The term buflet refers only to a small arms projectile. The term ball was originally used to describe the ball shaped bullet of very early small arms ammunition. The term ball ammunition now refers to a cartridge having a bullet which has a metallic jacket filled only with lead. CLASSIFICATION Based on use, the principal classifications of the several types of ammunition used with your carbine are — @ Ball, M1 — for use in markmanship training and combat. b. Tracer, M16 and M27 — observation of fire, incendiary, and signaling purposes. e. Dummy, M13 — for training (cartridges are inert}. LOT NUMBER When ammunition is manufactured, it is given an ammunition lot number. This jot number is marked on all packing containers. It is also on the identification card inclosed in each packing box. The lot number is required for all purposes of record, such as grading and use, and reports on the condition, functioning, and accidents in which the ammunition might be involved, It is impracticable to mark the ammunition lot number on each individual cartridge. Every effort should be made to maintain the ammunition lot number or the repacked lot number with the cartridges after they are removed from their original packing. Cartridges which have been removed from their original packing for which the ammunition lot number has been lost are automatically placed in grade 3; these are not te be fired. IDENTIFICATION a. Markings. The contents of original boxes may be readily identified by the markings on the box. Similar markings on the cardboard carton label identify the contents of each carton. The markings which appear on the box and carton give complete information necessary for identi- fication, shipping, care, handling, and use. & identification of Ammunition Types. In general, all types of cartridges of one caliber look alike in shape and size, but they may be identified by certain physical characteristics. The ammunition authorized for use with the carbine and the way to identify each type after it has been removed from the original container follows: Types of Identification cartridge Ball All models of caliber .30 ball am- munition have bullets coated with gilding metal, a copper alloy, which prevents fouling in the bore of the rifle. Ball ammunition has no iden- tifying color on the tip of the bullet. Tracer Tip of the bullet is painted red or orange. Dummy ‘The cartridge is inert and has three holes in the case. CARE, HANDLING, AND PRESERVATION Most men have at one time or another fired a rifle or a pistol, or perhaps both types cf weapons. If you have, it means you have also handled ammunition for these weapons. You know that the ammunition was not dangerous to handle. This, of course, does not mean that you handled the ammunition carelessly, The ammunition used in your carbine is not dangerous to handle, but there is a correct way to handle it. a Try to prevent ammunition boxes from becoming breken or damaged. All broken am- munition boxes must be repaired immediately. All original markings must be transferred to the new parts of the box. The metal liner should beM1 CARBINE air tested and sealed if equipment for this work is available. b. Open wooden ammunition boxes care- fully. They are used as long as they are service- able. ec Do not open ammunition boxes until the ammunition is to be used. Ammunition removed from the airtight container, particularly in damp climates, is likely to corrode. This ammunition is unserviceable. d. Protect ammunition from mud, sand, and water. If it gets wet or dirty, wipe it off at once with a clean, dry cloth. A light corresion should be wiped cff as soon as it is discovered, Car- tridges with a heavy coat of corrosion must be fumed in. e. During markmanship and combat training, do not fire any caliber .30 carbine ammunition until it has been identified by an ammunition lot number and grade. fi Do not expose ammunition to the direct rays of the sun. If the powder is heated, excessive pressure may be developed when the weapon is fired. This condition will affect ammunition performance. ¢ Do not oil or grease ammunition. The dust and other abrasives that collect on greasy am- munition are harmful to the operating parts of the carbine. h. Do not attempt to fire cartridges that have bad dents, scratches, or loose bullets, or those that are rusted. If you think a cartridge is defective, return it. Do not throw away or attempt te destroy defective ammunition. i Be especially careful not to strike the primer of a cartridge since this may ignite the cartridge. STORAGE a, Small-arms ammunition is not an explosive hazard. Under poor storage conditions, however, it may become a fire hazard. b. Small-arns ammunition of all classes should be stored away from radiators, hot water pipes, and other sources of heat. c Whenever practicable, small-arms am- munition should be stored under cover. If it is necessary to leave ammunition in the open, it should be raised at least six inches from the ground and covered with a double thickness of tarpaulin. The tarpavlin should be placed so that it gives Maximum protection and allows free circulation of air. Suitable trenches must be dug to prevent water from flowing under the ammunition pile. 41 BALLISTIC DATA The approximate maximum range and average muzzle velocity of the different types of caliber .30 carbine ammunition authorized fer use in the carbine are shown below. Average muzzle Max. range velocities Cartridge {yards} (fps) Bali, M1 2,200 1,970 Tracer, M16 1,680 1,910 Tracer, M27 1,600 1,910 PRECAUTIONS IN FIRING AMMUNITION The general precautions concerning the firing and handling of ammunition in the field as pre- scribed in SR. 385-310-1 and in TM 9-1900 will be observed, Precautions particularly applicable to small-arms ammunition are given in the following paragraphs. a. No small-arms ammunition will be fired until it has been positively identified by ammu- nition lot number and grade. b. Small-arms ammunition graded and marked for training use onty will not be fired over the heads of troops under any circumstances. c. Before firing, be sure that the bore of your weapon is free from any foreign matter such as cleaning patches, mud, sand, snow, and the like. Any obstruction in the bore will damage the weapon and may injure you. d. When a bullet lodges in the bore of a car- bine, you should remove it by applying pressure from the muzzle end of the weapon. To attempt to shoot the bullet out with another cartridge is dan- gerous and is prohibited. HANGFIRES When a hangfire (a perceptible delay between the blow of the hammer and the firing of the round) occurs, further use cf ammunition from that lot should be suspended and a report made to the post ordnance officer, giving the lot number involved. The lot affected will be withdrawn and replaced by serviceable ammunition.IV. Inspection SECTION I. GENERAL SCOPE This chapter provides specific instructions for the technical inspection by ordnance maintenance personnel of materiel either in the hands of troops or when received for repair in ordnance shops. It also briefly describes the in-process inspection of materiel during repair or rebuild and the final inspection after repair or rebuild has been com- pleted. Trouble shooting information is imcor- porated wherever applicable as a normal phase of inspection. PURPOSES OF INSPECTIONS Inspections are made for the purposes of (1) determination of the condition of an item as to serviceability, (2) determination of incipient failure, (3) the assurance of proper application of maintenance policies at prescribed levels, and (4) the ability of a unit to accomplish ifs main- tenance and supply missions. CATEGORIES OF TECHNICAL INSPECTION In general, five categories of inspection are performed by ordnance maintenance personnel. a. Over-all Inspection. This is a periodic over- all inspection performed by a contact party on materiel in the hands of troops and an inspection performed by maintenance company personnel when materiel is evacuated to the ordnance com- pany. The inspection of materiel evacuated is more thorough and includes check and repair of minor 43 points that would not be required in the inspection performed by a contact party. b. Pre-embarkation Inspection. This inspec- tion is conducted cn materiel in alerted units scheduled fer oversea duty to insure that such materiel will not become unserviceable or worn out in a relatively short time. It prescribes a higher percentage of remaining usable life in serviceable materiel to meet a specific need beyond minimum serviceability. c. Jn-process Inspections. These are inspec- tions performed in the process of repairing (field maintenance) or rebuilding (depot maintenance) the materiel as prescribed in Chapter 4. This is to insure that all parts conform to the prescribed standards, that the workmanship is in accordance with approved methods and procedures, and that deficiencies are disclosed by the preliminary inspection are found and corrected. Detailed instructions are contained in Chapter 4. ad. Final Inspection. This is an acceptance inspection performed by a final inspector, after repair or rebuild has been completed, to insure that the materiel is acceptable for return to user or for retum to stock according to the standards es- tablished. Detailed instructions are contained in Chapter 5. e. Spot Check Inspection. This is a periodic over-all inspection performed on only a percentage of the materiel in each unit to determine the adequacy and effectiveness of organizational and field maintenance.M1 CARBINE SECTION IL. TECHNICAL INSPECTION GENERAL Warning: Before starting a technical inspec- tion, be sure to clear the weapon. Do not touch the trigger until the weapon has been cleared. Inspect the chamber to insure that it is empty and check to see that no ammunition is in position to be introduced. Avoid having live ammunition in the vicinity of the work. a. Preparatory Procedures. (1) Check to see that the weapon has been cleaned of all corrosion-preventive compound, grease, excessive oil, dirt, or foreign matter which might inter- fere with proper functioning or obscure the true condition of the parts. (2) Make an over-all inspection of the weapon for general appearance, com- dition, operating, and manual func- tioning. Use dummy cartridges. b, inspection Guide. Table IT is provided as 4 check list to be used as a guide for the inspection of weapons in the hands of troops. The over-all inspection column lists the standards denoting minimum serviceability and next column lists ihe standards for pre-embarkation inspection. Note. The additional columns are provided for comparative information only to show the standards which are desired when the weapon is repaired or rebuilt in ordnance field or depot shops. INSPECTION OF MATERIEL IN THE HANDS OF TROOPS a. General. Refer to TM 9-1100 for respon- sibilities and fundamental duties of inspecting personnel, the necessary notice and preparations to be made, forms to be used, and general procedures and methods to be followed by inspectors. Materiel to be inspected includes otganizational spare parts and equipment and the stocks of cleaning and preserving materials. In the course of this technical inspection the inspector will accomplish the following: (1) Determine serviceability, i.e., the degree of serviceability, completeness, and readiness for immediate use, with special reference to safe and proper functioning of the materiel. If the materiel is found serviceable, it will be continued in service. In the event it is found unserviceable or incipient fail- ures or disclosed, the deficiencies will be corrected on the spot or advice given as to corrective measures when applicable, or if necessary, the materiel will be tagged for delivery to and repair by ordnance maintenance personnel. (2) Check for causes of mechanical and functional difficulties that troops may be experiencing and for apparent results of lack of knowledge, mis- information, neglect, improper han- dling and storage, security, or preser- vation, (3} Check on application of all authorized modifications to see that no unauthor- ized alterations have been made or that no work beyond the authorised scope of the unit is being attempted. The following modification work orders are considered mandatory as of this print- ing; however, also check the index in SR 310-20-4 and the current modi- fication work order files for any additional modification work orders promulgated subsequent to this print- ing. MWwO TITLE MWCO ORD B28-W3 Replacement of leaf type rear sight with adjustable rear sight. MWO ORD B28-W4 Replacement of magazine catch and plunger to provide increased holding. MWO ORD B28-W5 Replacement of front band to provide for attachment of bayonet. MWO ORD B28-WG Replacement of sliding type safety with rotary type. MWO ORD B28-W7 Replacement of disconnector plunger assembly to prevent its loss. (4) Instruct the using personnel in proper preventive maintenance procedures if and where found inadequate. (5) Check on completeness of the organi- zational maintenance allowances and procedures for obtaining replenish- ments.GP Table II. Inspection Guide for Cal. .30 Carbines M1, M141, M2, and M3 . Pre-embarkation Final Inspection Final Inspection Overall Inspection . . : ‘ . ’ inspection Field Maintenance Depot Maintenance Pits in chamber are allowable if they are not large enough to cause extraction difficulties. Pits in the bore as wide as a land or groove and three-eights inch, or less, in length are allowable. Tool marks or scratches are acceptable regardless of length. Tool marks will appear as lines rujning laterally in the grooves or may run spirally across top of lands. Definitely ringed bores or bores ringed suffi- ciently to bulge the outside surface of the barrel must be rejected. However, faint rings or shadowy depressions are acceptable, Lands must be sharp. Point To Be Inspected BORE AND CHAMBER Approximate new finish. Intact enough to prevent glare. FINISH Intact enough to prevent glare. Some glare per- missible. FIRING PIN No check. No check. Inspect Min. 0.048. PROTRUSION. visually. Max. 0.065, FRONT BAND Apply MWO ORD Apply MWO ORD Apply MWO ORD Apply MWO ORD B28-W5 if not B28-W5 if not B28-W5 if not B28-W5 if not accomplished. accomplished. accomplished. accomplished . FRONT SIGHT Securely assembled Securely assembled Securely assembled Securely assembled with no burrs or malformations. Seasoned checks and cracks which have been rein- forced by pins are acceptable, Some looseness when as- sembled is accept- able. Liner must be tight. with no burrs or malformations. Checks and cracks not affecting strength are ac- ceptable. Some looseness when assembled is ac- ceptable. Liner must be tight. with no burrs or malformations. Checks and cracks not affecting strength are ac- ceptable. Some looseness when assembled is ac- ceptable. Liner must be tight. with no burrs or matformations, Not damaged so as to affect strength. Some looseness when assembled is acceptable, Liner must be tight. HAND GUARDS aNIGYY9 LINoF . . Pre-embarkation Final Inspection, Final Inspection, HEADSPACE Bolt must not close on headspace gage 7319943 (head- space Igh. 1.302} but must close without forcing on headspace gage 7319934 (head- space Igh, 1.290). Table II continued. Boit must not close on headspace gage 7319943 (head space Igh. 1.302) but must close without forcing on headspace gage 7319934 (head space igh. 1.290}. Min. 1.290 Max. 1.302 Use gage 7319934 or 7319943. Rebarreled Min. 1.290 Max. 1.295 Use gage 7319934 or 7319936. With field test bolt 7329936. With field test bolt 7319932. Not Rebarreled Min. 1,290 Max. 1.298 Use gage 7319934 or 7319938. ANIGHYS LWLv Point To Be Inspected MAGAZINE CATCH Magazine catch is to engage magazine with sutficient force to prevent removal of maga- zine without re- leasing catch. Ap- ply MWO ORD B28-W4 if not ac- complished. Table if continued. Overall Inspection Pre-embarkation Inspection Magazine catch is to engage magazine with sufficient force to prevent removal of maga- zine without re- leasing catch. Ap- ply MWO ORD B28-W4 if not ac- complished. Fina! Inspection, Fiekd Maint. Magazine catch is to engage magazine with sufficient force to prevent removal of maga- zine without re- leasing catch. Ap- ply MWO ORD B28-W4 if not ac- complished. In- spect each as- sembly to assure that the maga- zine catch can be pushed rearward in the trigger housing and that the safety plunger spring is strong enough to return it firmly to the forward posi- tion. The forward pressure on the magazine catch must not prevent proper sidewise travel of catch. Final Inspection, Depot Maint. Not Rebarreled Magazine catch is to engage magazine with sufficient force to prevent removal of magazine with- out releasing catch. Apply MWO ORD B28-We4 if not ac- complished. Inspect each assembly to assure that the maga- zine catch can be pushed rearward in the trigger housing and that the safety plunger spring is strong enough to return it firmly to the forward posi- tion. The forward pressure on the magazine catch must not prevent proper sidewise tra- vel of catch. INIGHYV3 LISr Point To Be Inspected REAR SIGHT SAFETY TRIGGER PULL Elevation and windage slides to function smoothly through- out range, Gradua- tions to be legible. Apply MWO ORD B28-W3 if not ac- complished. Apply MWO ORD B28-W6 if not ac- complished. Rotate safety to see that it functions prop- erly. Not damaged to extent that it will affect strength. Min, 4% lb. Max. 7 Ib. Table II continued. . Pre-embarkation Overall Inspection Elevation and windage slides to function smoothly through- out range. Gradua- tions to be legible. Apply MWO ORD B28-W3 if not ac- complished. Apply MWO ORD B28-W6 if not ac- complished. Rotate safety to see that it functions prop- arly. Seasoned checks, small dents and insignificant cracks are ac- ceptable. Min. 4% Ib. Max. 7 Ib. Final Inspection Field Maint. Elevation and windage slides to function smoothly through- out range. Gradua- tions to be legible. Apply MWO ORD B28-W3 if not ac- complished. Apply MWO ORD B28-W6 if not ac- complished. Rotate safety to see that it functions prop- arly. Seasoned checks, small dents and insignificant cracks are ac- ceptable. Min, 4% Ib. Max. 7 Ib. Final Inspection, Depot Maint. Elevation and windage slides to function smoothly through- owt range. Grauda- tions to be legible. Hf necessary, refill windage markings with white gradu- ation filler. Apply MWO ORD B28-W3 if not accomplished. Apply MWO ORD B28-W6 if not ac- complished. Rotate safety to see that it functions prop- erly. Approximate new stock. /f necessary, sand and refinish . Patchwork not af- fecting strength is acceptable. Repair screws and wood dough acceptable. Min. 4% lb. Max. 7 lb. JNIGHVo LWM1 CARBINE (6) Check conditions of storage of general supplies and ammunition. (7) Initiate a thorough report on materiel on “deadline,”’ with reasons therefor, for further appropriate action. (8) The inspector should report to the responsible officer any carelessness, negligence, unauthorized modifications, or tampering. This report should be accompanied by recommendaticns for and cheek rest plate cover for wrinkles, scoring, and dried out leather. (11) Inspect barrel. (12) Check to see that serial numbers on the receivers of M1 and M1A1 carbines (Fig. 87) have not been obscured by the installation of the adjustable rear sight 7160060 (stamped type}. Functional and Operational Inspection. correcting the unsatisfactory condi- The following are in addition to inspections tions. covered on page 31. b. insection for Appearance and General Condition. (1) Inspect barrel and receiver group for looseness in stock, and hand guard for excessive looseness on stock. Hand guard may have slight movement back- ward and forward. However, there should be no possibility of its be- coming disengaged from the front band or skirt on the receiver. Tight hand guards are likely to push band off when recoil is heavy, as when grenade launch- er is used. (2) Inspect front band for looseness and locking on carbine and inspect sling swivel for looseness on band. Band should be held firmly in place by shoulder of locking spring. (3) Inspect stock and hand guard for cracks; deep scars; and bare, rough wood surface: check grip (M1A1) for looseness in stock and for cracks. (4) Inspect front and rear sights for loose- ness. (5) Inspect oiler for retention in steck and for new type neoprene gasket. Inspect sling for wear and security on carbine. (6) Inspect metal parts for rust, corrosion, scoring, and cracks. (7} Inspect magazine for retention in trigger housing, ease of withdrawal, undue looseness, dents, rust, and move- ment of follower, (8) Inspect sling eyelet for looseness on lower hinger assembly (M1A1)}, and ’ hinge for looseness on stock grip. (9) Inspect stock extension (M1A1) for hinge action, and positive locking when extended and folded, and butt plate for rotation and spring action on bars. (10) Inspect cheek rest plate and retaining plate (M1A1} for locseness on bars, 49 (1) Complete locking of bolt and forward movement of operating slide. The slide should continue to move forward about five-sixteenth of an inch after the bolt is fully locked. The same free move- ment should take place at the start of the rearward movement of the slide, before rotation of the bolt begins. (2) Chambering of cartridge. The bolt should chamber the cartridge smoothly when released. If bullet ramp on re- ceiver or barrel is rough, or if magazine catch does not retain magazine allew- ing it te tip forward, the bullet may bind on ramp or be deflected upward during chambering and strike the top of the barre] causing a stoppage. {3) Engagement of sear when trigger is not released. On carbines M1 and M1A1 and on carbines M2 and M3 in semi-automatic position, the sear should engage and hold the hammer when the trigger is held back and the slide op- erated rapidly. This can be tested for by the following procedure: (a) Grasp carbine by grip of stock with left hand. {b) With index finger of left hand, pull trigger all the way to the rear and hold it in that position. {c) Grasp operating slide handle with the right hand and move bolt back and forth rapidly five or six times, allowing the operating slide to come to rest in its forward position. Release trigger completely and then pull it again. If the hammer does not fall, it has been jarred out of engagement with the sear and followed the bolt forward. If this is the case, the carbine may fire in an uncontrolled manner and the firing id —(4) (5) (6) M1 CARBINE mechanism must be inspected for worn or faulty paris. Uncontrolled fire. It has been found that at times individual carbines M1 and M1A1 fire in an uncontrolled manner. The term “uncontrolled” means that more than one cartridge is chambered and fired when the trigger is actuated once. Since the carbines M1 and M1A1 are both semi-automatic weapons, only one round should be fired whether the trigger is held or released. This tendency can often be determined during firing by the follow- ing procedure: (a) Hold trigger in rearmost position. {b) Manually retract the operating slide and allow it to return to battery. (ec) Release trigger very slowly. If carbine tends to fire in an un- controlled manner, the hammer will often fall when the sear is heard to snap. The shock of countetrecoil will sometimes jar hammer from sear and uncontrolled fire results, Safety. The safety should rotate with- out undue interference. It should block trigger when tumed so that the tang is vertical and release trigger when tang is pointing to the rear. It should be positively retained in either position. Operating slide stop. The operating slide stop is for the purpose of “hang- ing” the slide and bolt in the retracted position. Test functioning of stop by retracting bolt with operating slide, spring, and guide assembled, and pressing stop into retaining notch in receiver. When “hung” slide is slightly retracted, the stop should be cammed out of retaining notch in receiver and Hie flush with (or above) lower face of slide and be held in this position by the friction spring. If stop spring becomes broken, stop may catch in retaining notch when slide reciprocates. If nose of stop or edge of retaining notch ecomes wom, or friction spring becomes weak or broken, stop is likely to slip and fail to hang bolt. lf there is insufficient friction on stop, it may jar into the notch and “hang” the bolt when the carbine functions. If such is the case, replace stop, spring, or oper- ating slide. d. Magazine. Test magazine for retention in carbine. Inspect follower for smooth movement in tube under force of spring by depressing follow- er and allowing it to rise. If follower does not depress and rise smoothly to the top of tube under spring action, look for burrs, rust, and corrosion in tube, reversed follower, deformed, or burred tube or follower, and weak, broken or reversed spring. Apply pressure evenly on the follower when depressing in order not to “cock” or rotate it in the tube. e. Rear Sight Assembly. See page 75 for inspection of the rear sight assembly. f. Barre! and Receiver Group. See page 80 for inspection of the barrel and receiver group. g. Head Space Gaging. {1} The head space of a carbine is the distance between the shoulder of the chamber and the face of the bolt when the bolt is in locked position. If head space is insufficient, the bolt will not fully lock behind the cartridge without being forced. If head space is excessive, the cartridge will have too much play in the chamber when the bolt is locked behind it. Either condition is unsafe. As component parts of the carbine are manufactured to close tolerances and head space is carefully checked at manufacture, any variation causing excessive head space to develop is due to wear. (2) Excessive head space, due to wear, may be caused by worn faces of bolt, worn locking lugs on bolt, or worn locking shoulders in the receiver. (3) Before testing for head space, clean bore, chamber of barrel, and operating parts thoroughly, wipe dry, and inspect for metal fouling or foreign matter. Operate the mechanism a few times to see that the bolt closes and locks smoothly en an empty chamber. Disengage the bolt from the operating slide, (4} See page 82 for procedure in checking head space. h. Trigger Putt. (1) Generai. The testing of trigger pull of carbines requires the availability of hooks and weights, which combine to 4% and 7 pounds. Test trigger pull forM1 CARBINE smoothness and for pressure exerted. i. Inspection of Funetions Peculiar to Car- Trigger pull should be clean, without — bines M2 and M3. creep, smooth in action; and the force With carbine fully assembled, unloaded, and exerted to release hammer should be safety tumed to fire position, test functioning as more than 4% pounds and less than 7 —_ follows: pounds. If pull is rough, or not within (1) Pull selector fully to rear to place specified limits, or creep is present, it indicates that there is wear or burrs on sear nose, hammer notch, or top of trigger lip, or interference between trigger and housing. mechanism in the semi-automatic po- sition, Then, with trigger released, fully retract bolt to cock the hammer and allow bolt to spring forward. Hammer should not fall until trigger is pulled. Note, The word “creep” is interpreted to mean any perceptible movement in the trigger pull between the time the slack is taken up and the hammer is released, with pressure applied to the trigger at a uniform rate of increase over a period of 10 seconds or more. Testing trigger pull (Fig. 48c). Note that safety is disengaged (its tang is point to rear) and that carbine is cocked. Have the weights resting on the floor or ground and insert the hook of trigger weight wire through the trigger housing guard bow to bear on the trigger so that pressure is applied one-quarter inch from lower end or tip of trigger. With the barrel of the carbine held vertically, raise the weight from the floor as gently as possible. If 4%4-pound weight pulls the trigger to release the hammer, or the 7-pound weight fails to pull the trigger to release the hammer, correction is required. The only correction allowed in field repair is the selective assembly of hammer, hammer spring, sear, or trigger or all four until the required pull is obtained. Take care during the test to see that the wire contacts the trigger only and does not rub against the trigger housing or stock, and that wire and axis of bore are perpendicular to the floor. Note. Each time weights are applied to the trigger, cock the weapon again, otherwise sear may be partially dis- engaged from hammer, This will result in a false reading next time weights are applied, RA PO 91408 Figure 43c. Testing trigger pull. 51M1 CARBINE Table III. Trouble Shooting Malfunction Probable Causes Corrective Action Failure to eject. Broken ejector. Weak or broken ejector spring. Damaged or broken extractor claw. Broken or missing extractor plunger or spring. Large pits in firing chamber. Weak, bent, or broken trigger spring. Trigger spring disengaged. Replace ejector. Replace spring. Failure to extract. Replace extractor. Replace plunger and/or spring. Replace barrel. Trigger hang. Replace trigger spring. Check seating of spring in seating notch in trigger and position of spring in housing aperture. Replace with trigger of new design. Old type trigger with 4- or B-degree angle on forward face of the pedestal. Failure to Tire. Defective or broken Replace firing pin. firing pin. Hammer fails to cock. Damaged sear or broken Replace sear and/or spring. sear spring. Failure of bolt to move far enough to rear. Weak or broken sear spring. Missing or broken safety plunger and/or spring. Damaged safety. Broken stop and/or spring. Misalignment of barrel in receiver. Installation of rear sight 7166060 on receivers of carbines M1 and M1A1. Also M2 carbines converted from M11 carbines. Check guideways in receiver for obstruction to movement. Replace sear spring. Light trigger pull. Safety sticks. Replace safety plunger and/or spring. Replace safety. Replace stop and/or spring. Check parallelism of barrel and receiver and correct. Restamp serial number. Operating slide does not operate smoothly or does not “hang”. Obscured serial number. 52M1 CARBINE (2) With trigger held back, cock the ham- mer as above and alicw bolt to spring forward. Hammer should not fall until trigger is released and then pulled. (3) With trigger released, retract bolt to cock hammer and allow bolt to spring forward. Push selector forward to place mechanism in full automatic position. Hammer should not fall until trigger is pulled. (4) With selector still forward, and trigger held back, retract bolt to cock hammer, then ease bolt forward slowly. The hammer should not fall until the bolt is fully locked. The hammer can distinctly be heard striking the firing pin. {5) Test safety with selector in both positions. It should net be possible to release the hammer with safety tang vertical. INSPECTION OF MATERIEL RECEIVED IN ORDNANCE SHOPS The inspéction of the weapon received in ordnance shops is essentially the same as its in- spection in the hands of troops (Page 44). Table 53 UII lists malfunctions, possible causes, and actions Tequired to correct the malfunction. PRE-EMBARKATION INSPECTION OF MATERIEL IN UNITS ALERTED FOR OVER- SEA MOVEMENT a. See table II for pre-ernbarkation inspection of cal. .30 carbines. b. All) URGENT Department of the Army modification work orders will be applied before approving the materiel for oversea shipment. c. Certain small arms are manufactured with a neutral gray finish. Phosphate finish ranges from neutral gray to black and is acceptable within this color range. Rejection because of improper finish must be only on the grounds that the exterior surface has a distinct shine and is capable of reflecting light, semewhat as a mirror does. d. Scratches and tool marks on barrel are ordinarily cf no importance.a V. Repair & Rebuild SECTION [. GENERAL GENERAL a. Information and instructions contained herein are supplementary to instructions for the using organization contained in FM 23-7. b. In this manual, the main groups of the weapon are disassembled, inspected, replaced of repaired, and assembled. For information on removal and installation of groups, see page 13. A group is a number of parts or assemblies, or both, which either function together or are in- timately related to each other and should be considered together (Fig. 43d). c

You might also like

• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (821)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1946)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4610)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2520)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4203)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John Le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1850)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (440)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1898)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (537)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1716)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1016)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5807)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (345)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1091)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (842)
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (599)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (806)