What Factors could be Associated with the severity of tremor in an individual?

Ju Seng (Ashley) Kim

Kennesaw State University

 Introduction

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Method

Data Collection

In 2014 researchers at Lift Labs Design, a company commercializing Active Cancellation

of Tremor (ACT) technology and funded by NIH (National Institutes of Health) grant

5R44NS070438, recruited a sample of 25 subjects diagnosed with essential tremor to test the

efficacy of a tremor-cancelling devise. Before conducting this double-blind experiment,

researchers obtained the baseline characteristics of the participating subjects.

Analysis

This study was an observational study based on clinical testing. Microsoft Excel Office

365 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Effects were considered statistically significant

at the alpha = 0.05 significance level.

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 Exploratory Data Analysis

The findings from our exploratory data analysis are summarized below.

Variable Description Type of Data Values Notes

Name
Subject Identifier
Sex Subject’s gender Categorical; Male, There were slightly
Nominal Female more male subjects
than female subjects.

Age People over the Quantitative; 50 years old Since tremor is most
age of 50 Discrete and up common in people
over the age of 40,
subjects were over the
age of 40.
Dominant Which hand is Categorical; Left, It was determined
Hand dominant? Nominal Right which hand was the
subject’s dominant
hand.
Disease How long have Quantitative; 0 and up It was asked how long
Duration they had Discrete the subject has had
tremors ? tremor for.
Positive Tremor present in Categorical; Yes or No Has any family
Family any family Nominal member suffered from
History member tremor other than the
subject?
TRS Total Tremor severity Quantitative; 1-100 On a scale of 1-100,
Score Discrete it was noted how
severe each subject’s
tremor was.

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 As shown in Table 1 and Figure 1 below, more than half (60%) of the participants in the

study were males.

Table 1: Gender Distribution of Subjects According to

Sex Distribution of Subjects at the University of
Michigan Movement Disorders Clinic
in the Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.
Sex Count of Sex Percent
Female 10 40%
Male 15 60%
Total 25

Figure 1: Percentage of Gender Distribution of Subjects

According to Sex Distribution of Subjects
at the University of Michigan Movement Disorders Clinic
in the Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.

Female,
40%

Male, 60%

Table 2: Relative Frequency Distribution of

Dominant Hand of Subjects at the University of
Michigan Movement Disorders Clinic in the
Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.
Relative
Dominant Hand Frequency Frequency
Right Hand 16 64%
Left Hand 9 36%
Total 25

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Figure 2: Pie Chart of Dominant Hand of Subjects
at the University of Michigan Movement
Disorders Clinic in the Midwest United States,
2014, n = 25.

Left Hand,
36%

Right
Hand,
64%

As shown in Table 3 and Figure 3, females answered equally to having a positive family

history. In the other hand, most men (86%) answered “yes” to having a positive family history of

tremor, while only a minority (14%) answered “no.”

Table 3: Relative Frequency Distribution of

Family History at the University of Michigan
Movement Disorders Clinic in the Midwest
United States, 2014, n = 25.
Sex Frequency Relative Frequency
Yes 18 0.72
No 7 0.28
Total 25

Figure 3: Bar Chart of Family History at the

University of Michigan Movement Disorders
Clinic in the Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.
0.8 0.72
Relative Frequency

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4 0.28
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Yes No
Family History

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Table 4: Descriptive Statistic of Age of Subjects at
the University of Michigan Movement Disorders
Clinic in the Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.
Age
Mean 70.4400
Standard Error 1.315396
Median 68.0000
Mode 68.0000
Standard Deviation 6.5770
Sample Variance 43.256667
Kurtosis -0.8698
Skewness 0.1882
Range 24.0000
Minimum 59.0000
Maximum 83.0000
Sum 1761.0000
Count 25.0000
Q1 66.0000
Q3 75.0000
IQR 9.0000
Lower Outlier Boundary 52.5000
Upper Outlier Boundary 88.5000
Outliers 0
Figure 4: Histogram of Age of Subjects at the
University of Michigan Movement Disorders
Clinic in the Midwest United States, 2014, n = 25.
10
9
8
7
Frequency

6
5
4
3
2
1
0
55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84
Age

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Table 4: Descriptive Statistic of Disease Duration
of Subjects at the University of Michigan
Movement Disorders Clinic in the Midwest United
States, 2014, n = 25.
Disease Duration
Mean 30.7200
Standard Error 3.8779
Median 30.0000
Mode 15.0000
Standard Deviation 19.3897
Sample Variance 375.9600
Kurtosis -1.2248
Skewness 0.3523
Range 60.0000
Minimum 5.0000
Maximum 65.0000
Sum 768.0000
Count 25.0000
Q1 15.0000
Q3 45.0000
IQR 30.0000
Lower Outlier Boundary -30.0000
Upper Outlier Boundary 90.0000
Outliers 0
Figure 4: Histogram of Disease Duration of
Subjects at the University of Michigan Movement
Disorders Clinic in the Midwest United States,
2014, n = 25.
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Frequency

0
0-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-74
Disease Duration

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Table 5: Descriptive Statistic of TRS Total Score
of Subjects at the University of Michigan
Movement Disorders Clinic in the Midwest United
States, 2014, n = 25.
TRS Total Score
Mean 47.3333
Standard Error 2.9865
Median 43.0000
Mode 38.0000
Standard Deviation 14.6307
Sample Variance 214.0580
Kurtosis -0.7593
Skewness 0.2793
Range 49.0000
Minimum 22.0000
Maximum 71.0000
Sum 1136.0000
Count 24.0000
Q1 38.0000
Q3 56.7500
IQR 18.0000
Lower Outlier Boundary 11.0000
Upper Outlier Boundary 83.7500
Outliers 0
Figure 4: Histogram of TRS Total Score of
Subjects at the University of Michigan Movement
Disorders Clinic in the Midwest United States,
2014, n = 25.
8
7
6
Frequency

5
4
3
2
1
0
20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79
TRS Total Score

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 Data Analysis

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Conclusion

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