2019/11/15

9. TENTSIOAK HABEETAN III

Lerro NUKLEO ZENTRALA
Neutroa
Trakzioan M bategatik
eta konpresioan N gatik Erabateko tentsioa
trakziozkoa duten puntuak
Trakzioan M biengatik
eta konpresioan N gatik
Lerro Neutroaren ekuazioa: σ x = 0
z N M ⋅ y My ⋅ z
σx = + z + =0
Mz A Iz Iy
x N N ⋅ ey ⋅ y N ⋅ ez ⋅ z
σx = + + =0
A Iz Iy
My N A ⋅ ey A ⋅ ez
1+ ⋅y + ⋅ z = 0 (Lerro zuzen baten ekuazioa)
ey Mz = N ⋅ e y Iz Iy
LN1
ez My = N ⋅ e z
LN 3
LN 4
P2 z
y ey eta ez gero eta txikiago izan, Mz P4
eta My gero eta txikiago izango dira
P1 P3

eta LN hurrunago egongo da

8/1
LN 2 y

10. Mintegia 1
 2019/11/15

B 1
IZ´ = bh 3
h 12
9 cm IZ´ = IZG + Ad 2
G z
h
G IZG = IZ´ − Ad2
z y 3
y z´ 2
A b IZG =
1 1 h
bh − bh   =
3 1
bh
3

C 12 2 3 36
12 cm 3
h 1 b 1
Iy = h = hb 3
A ⋅ ey ⋅ y A ⋅ ez ⋅ z 12  2  96
σ x = 1+ + =0
Iz Iy 1 1
B Iy = 2 ⋅ hb 3 = hb 3
96 48
b
2
y
9 cm
LN1 D (3,0) ez = 0
1,5 cm z bh
⋅ ey ⋅ 3
A ⋅ ey ⋅ y 2
1+ = 0 1+ 1 =0
3 cm Iz
A D LN1 36
bh 3
1 2
ey = − h = − 1,5 cm
8/3 y C 54

A ⋅ ey ⋅ y A ⋅ ez ⋅ z LN2 A ⋅ ey ⋅ y
σ x = 1+ + =0 B (-6,0) 1+ =0
Iz Iy bh Iz
⋅ e y ⋅ ( −6 ) 1 2
B 1+ 2 =0 ey =
108
h = 0,75 cm
1 3
bh
6 cm 36
LN2 A ⋅ ez ⋅ z
E (0,-4) 1+ =0
Iy
E 0,75 cm z bh
⋅ e z ⋅ ( −4 ) 1 2
1+ 2 =0 ez = b = 1,5 cm
4 cm 1 96
3 cm hb 3
A 1,5 cm 48
1 2
6 cm C LN3 B (-6,0) ey = h = 0,75 cm
y 108
B bh
A ⋅ ez ⋅ z ⋅ ez ⋅ (4 )
LN3 F (0,4) 1+ =0 1+ 2 =0
Iy 1
hb 3
6 cm 1 2 48
ez = − b = − 1,5 cm
96
0,75 cm F z
4 cm z
A 1,5 cm

6 cm y 6 cm C
8/4 y

10. Mintegia 2
 2019/11/15

5 cm 5 cm A 1 ⋅ y G1 − A 2 ⋅ y G2 20 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 10 − 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ (10+5 )
yG = = = 8,33 cm
A1 − A 2 20 ⋅ 20 − 10 ⋅ 10
G2 z2
10 cm A = 20 ⋅ 20 − 10 ⋅ 10 = 300 cm 2
3 cm
1 1
G1 z1 Iy = 20 ⋅ 20 3 − 10 ⋅ 10 3 = 12.500 cm 4
20 cm P1 z 12 12
Iz = Iz − Iz
G 2 cm 1 2
P2 yG
1
Iz = 20 ⋅ 20 + 20 ⋅ 20 ⋅ 1,66 = 14.435,58 cm
1 3 2 4

12
y
1
Iz = 10 ⋅ 10 + 10 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 6,66 = 5.268,89 cm
2 3 2 4
20 cm 12
Iz = Iz − Iz = 9.166,68 cm
1 2 4
1) P1
A ⋅ ey ⋅ y A ⋅ ez ⋅ z
ey = 0 1+ + =0 Lerro Neutroa ebakiduraren
Iz Iy
ezkerraldeko ertzean egon dadin
e z = 3 cm − 13,89 cm
10 cm 10 cm z = − 10 cm
300 ⋅ 3 ⋅ z LN1
1+ =0 ey = 0
12.500
3 cm A ⋅ ey ⋅ y A ⋅ ez ⋅ z
z = − 13,89 cm 3 cm
1+ + =0
z N1 z Iz Iy
G
300 ⋅ e z ⋅ ( − 10 )
G P1 P1
LN (P1)
4,16 cm 1+ =0
12.500
Ebakidura osoa
y y
e z = 4,16 cm
8/5 konpresioan

2) P2
e z = 3 cm A ⋅ ey ⋅ y A ⋅ ez ⋅ z
1+ + =0 LN (P2)
e y = 2 cm Iz Iy
Trakzioa
3 cm

z − 15,3 cm
300 ⋅ 2 ⋅ y 300 ⋅ 3 ⋅ z
G 2 cm 1+ + =0 3 cm
P2 9.166,68 12.500
z
G 2 cm
y 1 + 0,0655 ⋅ y + 0,072 ⋅ z = 0 P2

z = 0 → y = − 15,3 cm
− 13,9 cm y Konpresioa
y = 0 → z = − 13,9 cm

Lerro Neutroa ebakiduraren goiko N4

LN2 ertzean egon dadin
y = − 11,67 cm
11,67 cm
LN1 ez = 0
N1
z 3,67 cm 4,16 cm

G
N1 z
8,33 cm A ⋅ ey ⋅ yA ⋅ ez ⋅ z G
2,62 cm
4,16 cm 1+ + =0 N3
2,62 cm
Iz Iy 2 cm
LN4 y LN3 300 ⋅ e y ⋅ ( − 11,66 )
1+ =0 3 cm P2
9.166,68 N2
y
8/6 e y = 2,62 cm

10. Mintegia 3
 2019/11/15

Pz
9. TENTSIOAK HABEETAN III My
MAKURDURA ASIMETRIKOA

Lerro
z Pz Py
Mz Pz z
A B
Neutroa x
y Py Py
xy planoan x
y P
B
z Mz M P
Mz
A z Py
Mz M
B
y z
x My M Ay
My xz planoan Pz
x
M zA M
B
Py
z
z
z M z
A B
M My Pz
y
y
My y
y
Trakzioan M bategatik Lerro Neutroaren ekuazioa: σ x = 0
M ⋅ y My ⋅ z
y Erabateko tentsioa σx = z + =0
trakziozkoa duten puntuak Iz Iy
8/7 (Lerro zuzen baten ekuazioa)

10. Mintegia 4
 2019/11/15

σ f (MPa) E (GPa)
10 kN Zura 40 10
q = 2 kN z Altzairua 360 200
10 cm 10 cm
A C B x 1 cm
1 kN y
2m CB AC
2m 20 cm 20 cm
z z
Diagramak xy planoan (kN eta m): p q
= 1 cm
x 4 1
y x y
q 2 x 3
q = 2 kN p = x = x = kN 10 kN
p 4 4 2 x
p= kN
2
x
x
1 x x2 VyA = 14 kN
∑ Fy =0 Vy = 10 + ⋅ x ⋅ = 10 + V = 11 kN
C
y VyB = 10 kN
2 2 4
Vy A C B
x = 0 → Vy = 10 kN
x = 2 → Vy = 11 kN x
x = 4 → Vy = 14 kN
1 x 1 x3 x
∑M z =0 M z = 10 ⋅ x +
2
⋅ x ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ x = 10x +
2 3 12 M = 20,67 kNm
C
z
x = 0 → MBz = 0
x = 2 → M = 20,67 kNm
C
z
M z M zA = 45,33 kNm
8/9 x = 4 → M = 45,33 kNm
A
z

Diagramak xz planoan (kN eta m):

Vz A
z My ∑ Fz = 0 C B x
Vz Vz = 1 kN
x B
y ∑ My =0
y 1 kN
x M y = 1⋅ x = x kNm
M y M y = 4 kNm
A

BC zatian agertzen diren tentsioak: M C = 20,67 kNm MCy = 2 kNm

z
100 Trakzioan M Cy = 2 kNm x

N 1
z ILN = bh 3
12
z z z
ILN =
1 2
100 ⋅ 200 3 = ⋅ 10 8 mm 4
Mz y 12 3
200 My x
x x
1 1
y
ILN = 200 ⋅ 100 3 = ⋅ 10 8 mm 4
My 12 6
Mz Mz y
y y M ⋅ y 20,67 ⋅ 10 6 ⋅ 100
σ zx = zz = = 31 MPa
ILN 2
z ⋅ 10 8
3 LN-aren ekuazioa σ x = 0
y
My σx = σx M ⋅ y My ⋅ z
z y
Segurtasun koefizientea:
σ x = σ zx + σ yx = 31 + 6 = 37 MPa x z
z
= y
ILN ILN
σ f = 40 MPa M ⋅ z 2 ⋅ 10 6
⋅ 50 2
z σ yx = yy = = 6 MPa y 3 M y 2
σ f 40 ILN 1 = ⋅ = 4⋅ = 0,387
ns = = = 1,08 ⋅ 10 8 z 1 Mz 20,67
8/10 σ x 37 6
6

10. Mintegia 5