ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

SUMMARY IN ENGLISH OF THE DEVELOPED PRACTICE

STUDENT: BRILLITH LILIAN URRIAGO

CODE: 358027A_614

PRESENTED TO:
TUTOR:
TUTOR: ALBERTH RENNE GONZALEZ

UNIVERSITY OPEN AND AWAY _ UNAD

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CEAD: JOSE ACEVEDO Y GOMEZ
NOVEMBER OF 2019
 INTRODUCTION

THE ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION HAS MOTIVATED THE

INTENSIFICATION OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN
ORDER TO INTERPRET THE PROBLEM OF POLLUTION.

THIS WORK IN STAGE 5 ALLOWS STUDENTS TO ACQUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE,

MORE LEARNING AND A BETTER DEVELOPMENT IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE,
TO KNOW THE IMPORTANCE THAT WE MUST HAVE TO MANAGE THAT
LANGUAGE IN OUR WORK AND RESEARCH WITHIN THE COURSE AND IN THE
EVERYDAY.

IN THE PART OF THE BIOASSAY ABOUT THE POLLUTION STOP IN WHICH THE
OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK WAS TO USE A SIMPLE AND LOW COST
METHODOLOGY FOR THE DETECTION OF CONTAMINATION IN THE WATER.
FOR THIS WE ANALYZE THE POSSIBLE CONTAMINATING EFFECT OF
DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS.
THREE ARTICLES IN ENGLISH ARRANGED IN THE CONTENTS OF THE COURSE

►ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOR OF COATED NMS: PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

AND PLANT INTERACTIONS:

HIGHLIGHTS:
•COATED NMS AFFECT PLANTS IN DIFFERENT WAYS, COMPARED TO UNCOATED
NMS.
•IT IS STILL UNKNOWN IF THERE ARE CONCENTRATION-DEPENDENT EFFECTS OF
COATED NMS.
•SURFACE COATING NATURE DRIVES THE TRANSPORT AND FATE OF COATED
NMS IN WATER AND SOIL.
•KNOWLEDGE ON THE INTERACTION OF COATED NMS WITH PLANTS IN
DIFFERENT SOILS IS LIMITED.
•THE STABILITY OF COATED MATERIALS AND THEIR BIOTRANSFORMATION IN
PLANTS IS UNKNOWN.

► INFLUENCES ON DOMESTIC WELL WATER TESTING BEHAVIOR IN A CENTRAL

MAINE AREA WITH FREQUENT GROUNDWATER ARSENIC OCCURRENCE:

IN 2001 THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) ADOPTED A NEW

STANDARD FOR ARSENIC (AS) IN DRINKING WATER OF 10ΜG/L, REPLACING THE
OLD STANDARD OF 50ΜG/L. HOWEVER, FOR THE 12% OF THE U.S. POPULATION
RELYING ON UNREGULATED DOMESTIC WELL WATER, INCLUDING HALF OF THE
POPULATION OF MAINE, IT IS SOLELY THE WELL OWNER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO
TEST AND TREAT THE WATER. A MAILED HOUSEHOLD SURVEY WAS
IMPLEMENTED IN JANUARY 2013 IN 13 TOWNS OF CENTRAL MAINE WITH THE GOAL
OF UNDERSTANDING THE POPULATION'S TESTING AND TREATMENT PRACTICES
AND THE KEY BEHAVIOR INFLUENCING FACTORS IN AN AREA WITH HIGH WELL-
WATER DEPENDENCY AND FREQUENT NATURAL GROUNDWATER AS. THE
RESPONSE RATE WAS 58.3%; 525 OF 900 LIKELY-DELIVERED SURVEYS TO
RANDOMLY SELECTED ADDRESSES WERE COMPLETED. ALTHOUGH 78% OF THE
HOUSEHOLDS REPORTED THAT THEIR WELL HAS BEEN TESTED, HALF OF IT WAS
MORE THAN 5YEARS AGO. AMONG THE 58.7% WHO BELIEVE THEY HAVE TESTED
FOR AS, MOST DO NOT REMEMBER THE RESULTS. BETTER EDUCATED, HIGHER
INCOME HOMEOWNERS WHO MORE RECENTLY PURCHASED THEIR HOMES ARE
MOST LIKELY TO HAVE INCLUDED AS WHEN LAST TESTING. WHILE HOUSEHOLDS
AGREE THAT WATER AND AS-RELATED HEALTH RISKS CAN BE SEVERE, THEY
FEEL LOW PERSONAL VULNERABILITY AND THERE ARE LOW TESTING NORMS
OVERALL.SIGNIFICANT PREDICTORS OF INCLUDING AS WHEN LAST TESTING
INCLUDE: HAVING KNOWLEDGE THAT YEARS OF EXPOSURE INCREASES AS-
RELATED HEALTH RISKS (RISK KNOWLEDGE), KNOWING WHO TO CONTACT TO
TEST WELL WATER (ACTION KNOWLEDGE), BELIEVING THAT REGULAR TESTING
DOES NOT TAKE TOO MUCH TIME (INSTRUMENTAL ATTITUDE), AND HAVING
NEIGHBORS WHO REGULARLY TEST THEIR WATER (DESCRIPTIVE NORM).
HOMEOWNERS IN AS-AFFECTED COMMUNITIES HAVE THE TENDENCY TO
UNDERESTIMATE THEIR AS RISKS COMPARED TO THEIR NEIGHBORS. THE
REASONS FOR THIS OPTIMISTIC BIAS REQUIRE FURTHER STUDY, BUT LOW
TESTING BEHAVIORS IN THIS AREA MAY BE DUE TO THE INFLUENCE OF A
COMBINATION OF NORM, ABILITY, AND ATTITUDE FACTORS AND BARRIERS.

► IMPACT OF DEGRADED WATER ON IMMUNE RESPONSE: SURVEY OF LAHORE,

PUNJAB, PAKISTAN IN 2017:

AN IMMUNE RESPONSE CAN BE AFFECTED BY INHALING TOXINS. WE

INVESTIGATED WHETHER AN INTAKE OF DEGRADED WATER CAN AFFECT
IMMUNITY. THE HOME TAP-WATER WAS COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS
OF LAHORE. DIFFERENT WATER PARAMETERS WERE MEASURED IN
LABORATORY. INFORMATION ON SOURCES OF WATER INTAKE, DISEASES
ACQUIRED AND THE TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION EXPOSURE WAS
GATHERED. THE COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT TEST WAS ALSO CONDUCTED WITH
FEW RESIDENTS. THE MANN-WHITNEY U AND T-TESTS WERE APPLIED TO
COMPARE DERANGED VALUES. THE 76.72% OF HIGH EC, ~43% OF HIGH TOTAL
AND FECAL COLIFORMS, 36.20% OF HIGH TDS VALUES WERE FOUND. OVERALL,
54% HIGH MONOCYTES, 38% HIGH RBCS, 32% HIGH AB. MONOCYTES, 22% HIGH
LYMPHOCYTES AND 18% LOW GRANULOCYTES WERE FOUND. THERE WERE
33.57% USE OF FILTERED WATER, 28.32% OF TAP-WATER USE AND 26.22% OF
MINERAL WATER WAS REPORTED. THE DIARRHEA WAS 27.62%, CHOLERA 20.98%
AND TYPHOID WAS 19.93%. POOR CONDITIONS OF ROADS AND STREET WERE
46.50% AND AIR POLLUTION WAS 38.46%. WE REPORTED CELL-LINES VARIATIONS
IN THE FORM OF MONOCYTOSIS, LYMPHOCYTOSIS AND GRANULOCYTOPENIA
INDICATING AN ALTERED IMMUNE RESPONSE IN A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS WHO
WERE EXPOSED TO POLLUTED DRINKING WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
 RESULTS

THE DATA PROCESSED IN THE STATISTIX PROGRAM WAS USED TO CREATE

TABLES IN THE MICROSOFT EXCEL PROGRAM. THE TABLES TOOK INTO
ACCOUNT HOW THE NUMBER OF ROOTS VARIED, DAY BY DAY, IN EACH
TREATMENT. WITH THIS DATA, LINE GRAPHICS WERE PREPARED. THE RESULTS
OBTAINED ARE SUMMARIZED IN TABLE 1 AND IN FIGURES 1 AND 2. IN THEM IT IS
SEEN THAT, IN GENERAL IN THE DIFFERENT TREATMENTS, THE NUMBER OF
ROOTS AND THEIR LENGTH INCREASES WITH THE PASSING OF DAYS. HOWEVER,
EXCEPTIONS ARE OBSERVED THAT MAY BE DUE TO OPERATING ERRORS IN
DATA COLLECTION (MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE BY DIFFERENT PEOPLE
EVERY DAY). OTHER CAUSES MAY BE: LOSS OF ROOTS DUE TO MATERIAL
HANDLING, LOSS OF ROOTS DUE TO TREATMENT CAUSES, ETC. THE
TREATMENT WHERE THE GREATEST NUMBER OF ROOTS WAS OBSERVED AND
OF GREATER LENGTH WAS THE CONTROL (RUNNING WATER), WHERE THE
GROWTH WAS OBSERVED AFTER 24 HOURS.
 CONCLUSIONS:

IN THIS PAPER WE CHECK TWO OF THE PROPOSED HYPOTHESES. IN THE FIRST

PLACE, THE TESTS CARRIED OUT TO TEST THE EFFECTS OF THE ELEMENTS OF
DAILY USE IN THE HOME, SHOWED THAT THESE STRONGLY AFFECT THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ONION ROOTS. REGARDING THE TESTS FOR THE DETECTION
OF CONTAMINATION IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM IN THE AREA, WE VERIFIED
THAT THE WASTE DISCHARGED BY THE TEXTILE ESTABLISHMENT, ALTERS THE
STUDIED ECOSYSTEM, SINCE THE WATER EVALUATED PRESENTED ACUTE
TOXICITY.
NEW LINES OF EXPERIMENTATION ARISE FROM WORK. WITH REGARD TO ONION
TESTS, OUR INTEREST IS TO CONTINUE EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF OTHER
PRODUCTS, AS WELL AS TO PERFORM NEW BIOASSAYS TO DETERMINE
CONTAMINATION IN OTHER AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS, INCORPORATING
CHROMOSOMAL STUDIES (TOXICITY GENE TESTS). WE WILL TRY TO CARRY OUT
NEW TESTS WITH THE RICE, THIS TIME USING DISTILLED WATER TO VERIFY THE
SPEED OF GROWTH AND WE WILL TRY TO CARRY OUT HYDROPONICS CROPS.
AS FOR THE SELECTION OF NEW BIOINDICATORS, WE WOULD TRY RICE CROP
WEEDS AND OTHER AQUATIC PLANTS.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
● LEVAN, A. 1945. CYTOLOGICAL REACTIONS INDUCED BY INORGANIC SALT
SOLUTIONS. NATURE 156-751.
● GÓMEZ, N. & A. RODRÍGUEZ CHAPTER. 1998. USE OF BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
ON THE BUENOS AIRES COAST OF THE PARANÁ RIVER. REV. LA PLATA MUSEUM
2 (9): 41-44.